Manipulation checks as manipulation: Another look at the ease-of-retrieval heuristic

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

Volumn 36, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 47-58

  Kühnen, Ulrich ^a  

^a JACOBS UNIVERSITY BREMEN   (Germany)

Author keywords

Accessibility experience; Ease of retrieval; Fluency; Heuristic systematic processing

Indexed keywords

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ARTICLE; COGNITION; DECISION MAKING; FEMALE; GERMANY; HUMAN; MALE; MOTIVATION; PHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; RECALL; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; STUDENT;

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; COGNITION; FEMALE; GERMANY; HUMANS; JUDGMENT; MALE; MENTAL RECALL; MOTIVATION; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; STUDENTS;

EID: 72749084821     PISSN: 01461672     EISSN: 15527433     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0146167209346746     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Aarts, H., & Dijksterhuis, A. (1999). How often did I do it? Experienced ease of retrieval and frequency estimates of past behaviour. Acta Psychologica, 103, 77-89.
2. Betsch, C. (2004). Präferenz für Intuition und Deliberation (PID) - Inventar zur Erfassung von affekt und kognitionsbasiertem Entscheiden [Preference for intuition and deliberation (PID): An inventory for assessing affect- and cognition-based decision-making]. Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie, 25, 179-197.
3. Betsch, C. (2007). Chronic preferences for intuition and deliberation in decision making: Lessons learned about intuition from an individual differences approach. In H. Plessner, C. Betsch, & T. Betsch (Eds.), Intuition in judgment and decision making (pp. 231-249). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
4. Chen, S., & Chaiken, S. (1999). The heuristic-systematic model in its broader context. In S. Chaiken & Y. Trope (Eds.), Dual process theories in social psychology (pp. 73-96). New York: Guilford.
5. Dijksterhuis, A., Macrae, C.M., & Haddock, G. (1999). When recollective experiences matter: Subjective ease of retrieval and stereotyping. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 766-774.
6. Epstein, S., Pacini, R., Denes-Raj, V., & Heier, H. (1996). Individual differences in intuitive-experiential and analytical-rational thinking styles. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 390-405.
7. Gilbert, D.T., & Osborne, R.E. (1989). Thinking backward: Some curable and incurable consequences of cognitive busyness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 940-949.
8. Greifeneder, R., & Bless, H. (2007). Relying on accessible content versus accessibility experience: The case of processing capacity. Social Cognition, 25, 853-881.
9. Grice, H.P. (1975). Logic and conversation. In P. Cole & J. Morgan (Eds.), Syntax and semantics: 3. Speech acts (pp. 41-58). New York: Academic Press.
10. Herzog, S.M., Hansen, J., & Wänke, M. (2007). Temporal distance and ease of retrieval. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43, 483-488.
11. Higgins, E.T. (1996). Knowledge activation: Accessibility, applicability, and salience. In E. T. Higgins & A. W. Kruglansky (Eds.), Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles (pp. 133-168). New York: Guilford.
12. Keller, J., & Bless, H. (2005). When negative expectancies turn into negative performance: The role of ease of retrieval. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 41, 535-541.
13. Keller, J., & Bless, H. (2009). Predicting future affective states: How ease of retrieval and faith in intuition moderate the impact of activated content. European Journal of Social Psychology, 39, 467-476.
14. Koriat, A., & Levy-Sadot, R. (1999). Processes underlying metacognitive judgments: Information-based and experience-based monitoring of one's own knowledge. In S. Chaiken & Y. Trope (Eds.), Dual-process theories in social psychology (pp. 483-502). New York: Guilford.
15. Raghubir, P., & Menon, G. (1998). AIDS and me, never the twain shall meet: The effects of information accessibility on judgments of risk and advertising effectiveness. Journal of Consumer Research, 25, 52-63.
16. Rothman, A.J., & Schwarz, N. (1998). Constructing perceptions of vulnerability: Personal relevance and the use of experiential information in health judgments. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 1053-1064.
17. Ruder, M., & Bless, H. (2003). Mood and the reliance on the ease of retrieval heuristic, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 20-32.
18. Schwarz, N. (1990). Feelings as information: Informational and motivational functions of affective states. In R. M. Sorrentino & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior (Vol. 2, pp. 527-561). New York: Guilford.
19. Schwarz, N. (1998). Accessible content versus accessibility experiences: The interplay of declarative and experiential information in judgment. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2, 87-99.
20. Schwarz, N. (2004). Metacognitive experiences in consumer judgment and decision making. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 14, 332-348.
21. Schwarz, N., Bless, H., Strack, F., Klumpp, G., Rittenauer-Schatka, H., & Simons, A. (1991). Ease of retrieval as information: Another look at the availability heuristic. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 195-202.
22. Tormala, Z. L., Falces, C., Briñol, P., & Petty, R. E. (2007). Ease of retrieval effects in social judgment: The role of unrequested cognitions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93, 143-157.
23. Tormala, Z. L., Petty, R. E., & Briñol, P. (2002). Ease of retrieval effects in persuasion: A self-validation analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 1700-1712.
24. Wänke, M., Bless, H., & Biller, B. (1996). Subjective experience versus content of information in the construction of attitude judgments. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 1105-1113.
25. Wänke, M., Bohner, G., & Jurkowitsch, A. (1997). There are many reasons to drive a BMW: Does imagined ease of argument generation influence attitudes? Journal of Consumer Research, 24, 170-177.
26. Weick, M., & Guinote, A. (2008). When subjective experiences matter: Power increases reliance on the ease of retrieval. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94, 956-970.
27. Williams, J.E., & Best, D.L. (1982). Measuring sex stereotypes: A thirty-nation study. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.