Afrotherian affinities for endemic South American "ungulates"

Mammalian Biology

Volumn 76, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 101-108

  Agnolin, Federico L ^a,b   Chimento, Nicolás R ^c  

^a MUSEO ARGENTINO DE CIENCIAS NATURALES BERNARDINO RIVADAVIA   (Argentina)

^b DEPARTAMENTO DE CIENCIAS NATURALES Y ANTROPOLOGÍA   (Argentina)

^c FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS NATURALES Y MUSEO   (Argentina)

Author keywords

Afrotheria; Astrapotheria; Notoungulata; Pyrotheria; Xenungulata

Indexed keywords

ANATOMY; ASSESSMENT METHOD; CLADISTICS; ENDEMIC SPECIES; FOSSIL RECORD; MORPHOMETRY; PALEOENVIRONMENT; PHYLOGENY; UNGULATE;

SOUTH AMERICA;

AFROTHERIA; ASTRAPOTHERIA; MAMMALIA; NOTOUNGULATA; PYROTHERIA; UNGULATA; XENUNGULATA;

EID: 79951722952     PISSN: 16165047     EISSN: 16181476     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2010.12.001     Document Type: Article

References (100)

1. Ameghino F. Trachytherus spegazzinianus, nuevo mamífero fósil del orden de los toxodontes 1889, P. E. Coni, Buenos Aires.
2. Ameghino F. Línea filogenética de los proboscídeos. An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 1902, 3(1):19-43.
3. Ameghino F. Recherches de morphologie phylogénétique sur les molaires supérieures des onulés. An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 1904, 3(3):1-541.
4. Ameghino F. La perforación astragaliana en los mamíferos no es un carácter originariamente primitivo. An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 1904, 4:349-460.
5. Ameghino F. La perforación astragaliana en el Orycteropus y el origen de los Orycteropidae. An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 1905, 6:59-95.
6. Ameghino F. Les formations sédimentaires du Crétacé superieur et du Tertiaire de Patagonie. An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 1906, 3(8):1-568.
7. Amrine-Madsen H., Koepfli K.P., Wayne R.K., Springer M.S. A new phylogenetic marker, apoliprotein B, provides compelling evidence for eutherian relationships. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2003, 28:225-240.
8. Andrews C.W. A Descriptive Catalogue of the Tertiary Vertebrata of the Fayum, Egypt 1906, British Museum (Natural History), London.
9. Anthony H.E. A new fossil perissodactyl from Perú. Am. Mus. Novit. 1924, 111:1-3.
10. Asher R.J., Lehmann T. Dental eruption in afrotherian mammals. BMC Biol. 2008, 6:1-11.
11. Asher R.J., Olbricht G. Dental ontogeny in Macroscelides proboscideus (Afrotheria) and Erinaceus europaeus (Lipotyphla). J. Mammal. Evol. 2009, 16:99-115.
12. Asher R.J., Novacek M.J., Geisler J.H. Relationships of endemic African mammals and their fossil relatives based on morphological and molecular evidence. J. Mammal. Evol. 2003, 10:131-194.
13. Asher R.J., Meng J., Wible J.R., McKenna M.C., Rougier G.W., Dashzeveg D., Novacek M.J. Stem Lagomorpha and the antiquity of Glires. Science 2005, 307:1091-1094.
14. Asher R.J., Bennett N., Lehmann T. The new framework for understanding placental mammal evolution. Bioessays 2009, 31:853-864.
15. Berqvist, L.P., 1996. Reassociacao do pos-cranio as especies de ungulados de bacia de S. J. de Itaborai (Paleoceno), estado do Rio de Janeiro, e filogenia dos "Condylarthra", e ungulados sul-americanos com base no pós-cranio. Unpublished D. Phil. Thesis, Universidade Federal do Río Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre.
16. Billet G., de Muizon C., Mamani B.Q. Late Oligocene mesotheriids (Mammalia, Notoungulata) from Salla and Lacayani (Bolivia): implications for basal mesotheriid phylogeny and distribution. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 2008, 152:153-200.
17. Billet G., Patterson B., de Muizon C. Craniodental anatomy of Late Oligonece archaeohyracids (Notoungulata, Mammalia) from Bolivia and Argentina and new phylogenetic hypothesis. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 2009, 155:458-509.
18. Billet G. New observations on the skull on Pyrotherium (Pyrotheria, Mammalia) and new phylogenetic hypotheses on South American ungulates. J. Mammal. Evol. 2010, 17:21-59.
19. Burmeister H. Description physique de la Repúblique Argentine d'aprés des observations personnelles et étragéres 1879, vol. 3. P. E. Coni, Buenos Aires, pp. 1-555.
20. Chaffee R.G. The deseadan vertebrate fauna of the Scarritt Pocket, Patagonia. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 1952, 98:505-574.
21. Cifelli R.L. The origin and affinities of the South American Condylarthra and Early Tertiary Litopterna (Mammalia). Am. Mus. Novit. 1983, 2772:1-49.
22. Cifelli R.L. The phylogeny of the native South American ungulates. Mammal Phylogeny, vol. 2: Placentalia 1993, 195-216. Springer-Verlag, New York. F.S. Szalay, M.J. Novacek, M.C. McKenna (Eds.).
23. Cote S., Werdelin L., Seiffert E.R., Barry J.C. Additional material of the enigmatic Early Miocene mammal Kelba and its relationships to the order Ptolemaiida. PNAS 2007, 204:5510-5515.
24. De Jong W.W., Zweers A., Goodman M. Relationships of aardvark to elephants, hyraxes and sea cows from alpha-crystallin sequences. Nature 1981, 292:538-540.
25. De Jong W.W., Leunissen J.A.M., Winstow G.J. Eye lens crystallins and the phylogeny of placental orders: evidence for a macroscelid-paenungulate clade?. Mammal Phylogeny, vol. 2: Placentalia 1993, 5-12. Springer-Verlag, New York. F.S. Szalay, M.J. Novacek, M.C. McKenna (Eds.).
26. De Muizon C., Cifelli R.L. The "condylarthrs" (archaic Ungulata, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Tiupampa (Bolivia): implications on the origin of the South American ungulates. Geodiversitas 2000, 22:47-150.
27. Domning D.P. The earlist known fully quadrupedal sirenian. Nature 2001, 413:625-627.
28. Eizirik E., Murphy W.J., OóBrien S.J. Molecular dating and biogeography of early placental mammal radiation. J. Hered. 2001, 92:212-219.
29. Erfurt J., Averianov A. Enigmatic ungulate-like mammals from the Eocene of Central Asia. Naturwissenchaften 2005, 92:182-187.
30. Gaudin T.J., Roberts R.J., Wible J.R. The phylogeny of living and extinct pangolins (Mammalia, Pholidota) and associated taxa: a morphology based analysis. J. Mammal. Evol. 2009, 16:235-305.
31. Gheerbrant E. Paleocene emergence of elephant relatives and the rapid radiation of African ungulates. PNAS 2009, 106:10717-10721.
32. Gheerbrant E., Rose K.D., Godinot M. First palaeanodont (?pholidotan) mammal from the Eocene of Europe. Acta Paleont. Pol. 2005, 50:209-218.
33. Gingerich P.D., Haq M.U., Zalmout I.S., Khan I.H., Malkani M.S. Origin of whales from Early artiodactyls: hands and feet of Eocene Protocetidae from Pakistan. Science 2001, 293:2239-2242.
34. Guthrie D.A. The tarsus of Early Tertiary artiodactyls. J. Mammal. 1968, 49:297-302.
35. Horovitz I., Storch G., Martin T. Ankle structure in Eocene pholidotan mammal Eomanis krebsi and its taxonomic implications. Acta Paleont. Pol. 2005, 50:545-548.
36. Lavergne A., Douzery E., Stichler T., Catzeflis F.M., Springer M.S. Interordinal mammalian relationships: evidence for paenungulate monophyly is provided by complete mitochondrial 125 rRNA sequences. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 1996, 6:245-258.
37. Le Gros Clark W.E., Sonntag C.F. A monograph of Orycteropus afer. III. The skull. The skeleton of the trunk and lims. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1926, 30:445-485.
38. Lehmann T. Phylogeny and systematics of the Orycteropodidae (Mammalia, Tubulidentata). Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 2009, 155:649-702.
39. Loomis F.B. The Deseado Formation of Patagonia 1914, Amherst College, Rumford Press, New Hampshire.
40. López, G.M., 2008. Los ungulados de la Formación Divisadero Largo (Eoceno Inferior?) de la provincia de Mendoza, Argentina: sistemática y consideraciones bioestratigráficas. Unpublished D. Phil. Thesis, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
41. Madden R.H. A new toxodontid notoungulate. Vertebrate Paleontology in the Neotropics. The Miocene Fauna of La Venta, Colombia 1997, 334-354. Smithsonian Institution Press, New Haven. R.F. Kay, R.H. Madden, R.L. Ciffelli, J.I. Flynn (Eds.).
42. Madsen O., Scally M., Douady C.J., Kao D.J., DeBry R.W., Adkins R., Amrine H.M., Stanhope M.J., de Jong W.W., Springer M.S. Parallel adaptive radiations in two major clades of placental mammals. Nature 2001, 409:610-614.
43. McKenna M.C. Toward a phylogenetic classification of the Mammalia. Phylogeny of the Primates 1975, 21-46. Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York. W.P. Luckett, F.S. Szalay (Eds.).
44. McKenna M.C. Early history and biogeography of South America's extinct land mammals. Evolutionary Biology of the New World Monkeys and Continental Drift 1980, 43-77. Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York. R.L. Ciochon, A.B. Chiarelli (Eds.).
45. McPhee R.D.E. Morphology, adaptations, and relationships of Plesiorycteropus, and a diagnosis of a new order of eutherian mammals. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 1994, 220:1-214.
46. Missiaen P., Smith T., Guo D.-Y., Bloch J.I., Gingerich P.D. Asian gliriform origin for arctostylopid mammals. Naturwissenchaften 2006, 93:407-411.
47. Müller J., Scheyer T.M., Head J., Barrett P., Werneburg I., Ericson P.G.P., Pol D., Sánchez-Villagra M.R. Homeotic effects, somitogenesis and the evolution of vertebral numbers in recent and fossil amniotes. PNAS 2002, 107:2118-2123.
48. Murphy W.J., Eizirik E., Johnson W.E., Zhang Y.P., Ryder O.A., OóBrien S.J. Molecular phylogenetics and the origins of placental mammals. Nature 2001, 409:614-618.
49. Nikolaev S., Montoya-Burgos J.I., Margulies E.H., Program N.C.S., Rougemont J., Nyffeler B., Antonarakis S.E. Early history of mammals is elucidated with the ENCODE multiple species sequencing data. PLoS Genet. 2007, 3:3-8.
50. Nishihara H., Okada N., Hasegawa M. Rooting the eutherian tree: the power and pitfalls of phylogenomics. Genome Biol. 2007, 8:R199.
51. Novacek M.J., Wyss A.R. Higher level relationships of eutherian orders: morphological evidence. Cladistics 1986, 2:257-287.
52. Pascual R., Ortiz Jaureguizar E. The Gondwanan and South American episodes: two major and unrelated moments in the history of the South American mammals. J. Mammal. Evol. 2007, 14:75-137.
53. Patterson B. A primitive pyrothere (Mammalia: Notoungulata) from the Early Tertiary of Northwestern Venezuela. Field. Geol. 1977, 33:397-422.
54. Patterson B., Pascual R. The fossil mammal fauna of South America. Evolution, Mammals, and Southern Continents 1972, 247-309. State University of New York Press, Albany. A. Keast, F.C. Erk, B. Glass (Eds.).
55. Paula Couto C. Fossil mammals from the beginning of the Cenozoic in Brazil. Condylarthra, Litopterna, Xenungulata, and Astrapotheria. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 1952, 99:355-394.
56. Prothero D.R. Ungulate phylogeny: molecular vs. morphological evidence. Mammal Phylogeny, vol. 2: Placentalia 1993, 173-181. Springer-Verlag, New York. F.S. Szalay, M.J. Novacek, M.C. McKenna (Eds.).
57. Radinsky L.B. The adaptive radiation of the phenacodontid condylarthrs and the origin of the Perissodactyla. Evolution 1966, 20:408-417.
58. Redi C.A., Garagna S., Zuccotti M., Capanna E. Genome size: a novel genomic signature in support of Afrotheria. J. Mol. Evol. 2007, 64:484-487.
59. Reig O.A. Teoria del origen y desarrollo de la fauna de mamíferos de América del Sur. Monog. Nat. 1981, 1:1-162.
60. Riggs E.S. The geological history and evolution of the horse. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Geol. Leaflet 1932, 13:1-54.
61. Riggs E.S. A skeleton of Astrapotherium. Geol. Ser. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. 1935, 6:167-177.
62. Robinson T.J., Seiffert E.R. Afrotherian origins and interrelationships: new views and future prospects. Curr. Top. Dev. Biol. 2004, 63:37-60.
63. Roth S. La diferenciación del sistema dentario en los ungulados, notoungulados y primates. Rev. Mus. La Plata 1927, 30:171-255.
64. Salton J.A., Szalay F.S. The tarsal complex of Afro-Malagasy Tenrecoidea: a search for phylogenetically meaningful characters. J. Mammal. Evol. 2004, 11:73-104.
65. Sánchez-Villagra M.R., Narita T., Kuratani S. Thoracolumbar vertebral number: the first skeletal synapomorphy for afrotherian mammals. Syst. Biol. 2007, 5:1-7.
66. Sánchez-Villagra M.R. Developmental palaeontology in synapsids: the fossil record of ontogeny in mammals and their closest relatives. Proc. R. Soc. B 2010, 277:1139-1147.
67. Schaeffer B. Notes on the origin and function of the artiodactyl tarsus. Am. Mus. Novit. 1947, 1356:1-24.
68. Schoch R.M., Lucas S.G. The phylogeny and classification of the Dinocerata. Bull. Geol. Inst. Univ. Upsala 1985, 11:31-58.
69. Schultz A.H. The Life of Primates 1969, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London.
70. Scott W.B. Mammalia of the Santa Cruz beds. II. Toxodonta. III. Entelonychia. Rep. Princeton Univ. Exp. Patagonia, 1896-1899. Palaeontology 1912, 6:111-300.
71. Scott W.B. Mammalia of the Santa Cruz beds. IV. Astrapotheria. Rep. Princeton Univ. Exp. Patagonia, 1896-1899. Palaeontology 1928, 6:301-342.
72. Scott W.B. The Astrapotheria. Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. 1937, 77:309-393.
73. Seiffert E.R. A new estimate of afrotherian phylogeny based on simultaneous analysis of genomic, morphological, and fossil evidence. BMC Evol. Biol. 2007, 7:1-13.
74. Serrés M. De l'osteographie du Mesotherium et ses affinités zoologiques. C. R. Acad. Sci. 1867, 65:6-17.
75. Shockey B.J., Anaya Daza F. Pyrotherium macfaddeni sp. Novit. (Late Oligocene, Bolivia) and the pedal morphology of pyrotheres. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 2004, 24:481-488.
76. Shoshani J., McKenna M.C. Higher taxonomic relationships among extant mammals based on morphology, with selected comparisons of results from molecular data. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 1998, 9:572-584.
77. Simpson G.G. Structure and affinities of Trigonostilops. Am. Mus. Novit. 1933, 608:1-28.
78. Simpson G.G. Provisional classification of extinct South American hoofed mammals. Am. Mus. Novit. 1934, 750:1-21.
79. Simpson G.G. An animal from a lost world. Natural History. J. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 1935, 36:316-318.
80. Simpson G.G. Skeletal remains and restoration of Eocene Entelonychia from Patagonia. Am. Mus. Novit. 1936, 826:1-12.
81. Simpson G.G. The principles of classification and the classification of mammals. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 1945, 85:1-350.
82. Simpson G.G. The Beginning of the Age of Mammals in South America. Part 2. Systematics: Notoungulata, concluded (Typotheria, Hegetotheria., Toxodonta, Notoungulata incertae sedis); Astrapotheria; Trigonostylopoidea; Pyrotheria; Xenungulata; Mammalia incertae sedis. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 1967, 137:1-260.
83. Sinclair W.J. Mammalia of the Santa Cruz beds. I. Typotheria. Rep. Princeton Univ. Exp. Patagonia, 1896-1899. Palaeontology 1909, 6:1-110.
84. Soria M.A. Eoastrapostylopidae: diagnosis e implicancias en la sistemática y evolución de los Astrapotheria pre-Oligocenos. Tercer Cong. Argentino Paleont. Bioestr. Actas 1984, 175-182.
85. Soria M.A. Estudios sobre los Astrapotheria (Mammalia) del Paleoceno y Eoceno. Parte II: Filogenia, origen y relaciones. Ameghiniana 1988, 25:47-59.
86. Soria M.A., Powell J.E. Un primitivo Astrapotheria (Mammalia) y la edad de la Formación Río Loro, provincia de Tucumán, República Argentina. Ameghiniana 1982, 18:155-168.
87. Springer M.S., Murphy W.J. Mammalian evolution and biomedicine: new views from phylogeny. Biol. Rev. 2007, 82:375-392.
88. Springer M.S., Amrine H., Burk M., Stanhope M.J. Additional support for Afrotheria and Paenungulata, the performance of mitochondrial versus nuclear genes, and the impact of data partitions with heterogenous base composition. Syst. Biol. 1999, 48:65-75.
89. Stanhope M.J., Waddel V.G., Madsen O., de Jong W.W., Hedges S.B., Cleven G.C., Kao D., Springer M.S. Molecular evidence for multiple origins of Insectivora and for a new order of endemic African insectivore mammals. PNAS 1998, 95:9967-9972.
90. Szalay F.S. Phylogenetic relationships and a classification of eutherian mammals. Major Patterns in Vertebrate Evolution 1977, vol. 14:315-374. Nato Advanced Study Institute, Plenum Publ., New York.
91. Szalay F.S. Arboreality: Is it homologous in metatherian and eutherian mammals?. Evol. Biol. 1984, 18:215-258.
92. Tabuce R., Marivaux L., Adaci M., Bensalah M., Hartengerger J.L., Mahnboubi M., Mébrouk F., Tafforeau P., Jaeger J.J. Early tertiary mammals from North Africa reinforce the molecular Afrotheria clade. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 2007, 274:1159-1166.
93. Tabuce R., Asher R.J., Lehmann T. Afrotherian mammals: a review of current data. Mammalia 2008, 72:2-14.
94. Townsend B., Croft D.A. Middle Miocene mesotheriine diversity at Cerdas, Bolivia and reconsideration of Plesiotypotherium minus. Palaeont. Electr. 2010, 13:1-36.
95. Van Valen L. Paleocene dinosaurs or Cretaceous ungulates in South America?. Evol. Monog. 1988, 10:1-79.
96. Villarroel C.A. La estructura de la dentición caduca de Huilatherium pluripicatum, Leontiniidae (Notoungulata) del Mioceno de Colombia. Geol. Colomb. 1997, 22:139-149.
97. Weston, E.M., Madden, R.H., Sánchez-Villagra, M.R., 2004. Early Miocene astrapotheres (Mammalia) from northern South America. In: Sánchez-Villagra, M.R., Clack, J.A. (Eds.), Fossils of the Miocene Castillo Formation, Venezuela: Contributions on Neotropical Palaeontology. Special Papers in Paleontology, vol. 71, pp. 81-97.
98. Wildman D.E., Uddin M., Opazo J.C., Liu G., Lefort V., Guidon S., Gascuel O., Grossman L.I., Romero R., Goodman M. Genomics, biogeography, and the diversification of placental mammals. PNAS 2007, 104:14395-14400.
99. Williamson T.E., Carr T.D. Bomburia and Ellipsodon (Mammalia: Mioclaenidae) from the Early Paleocene of New Mexico. J. Paleontol. 2007, 81:966-985.
100. Zack S.P., Penkrot T.A., Bloch J.I., Rose K.D. Affinities of 'hyopsodontids' to elephant shrews and a Holartic origin of Afrotheria. Nature 2005, 434:497-501.