The Gondwanan and South American episodes: Two major and unrelated moments in the history of the South American mammals

Journal of Mammalian Evolution

Volumn 14, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 75-137

  Pascual, Rosendo ^a   Ortiz Jaureguizar, Edgardo ^a  

^a FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS NATURALES Y MUSEO   (Argentina)

Author keywords

Antarctica; Cenozoic; Gondwana; Mesozoic; Paleobiogeography; Paleoecology; Patagonia; South America

Indexed keywords

AUSTRALOSPHENIDA; DIDELPHIMORPHIA; DINOSAURIA; DOCODONTA; EUTHERIA; EUTRICONODONTA; MAMMALIA; METATHERIA; MULTITUBERCULATA; SYMMETRODONTA; THERIA; UNGULATA; VERTEBRATA;

EID: 34248591653     PISSN: 10647554     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10914-007-9039-5     Document Type: Article

References (214)

1. Ameghino F (1897) Mammifères crétacés de l'Argentine. (Deuxième contribution à la connaissance de la faune mammalogique des couches à Pyrotherium). Bol Inst Geogr Argentina 15:603-660
2. Ameghino F (1901) Notices préliminaries sur des ongulés nouveaux des terrains crétacés de Patagonie. Boletín de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias, Córdoba 16:349-426
3. Ameghino F (1902) Première contribution à la connaissance de la faune mammalogique des couches à Colpodon. Boletín de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias, Córdoba 17:71-141
4. Archer M, Flannery TF, Ritchie A, Molnar R (1985) First Mesozoic mammal from Australia - an Early Cretaceous monotreme. Nature 318:363-366
5. Archer M, Plane MD, Pledge NS (1978) Additional evidence for interpreting the Miocene Obdurodon insignis Woodburne and Tedford, 1975, to be a fossil platypus (Ornithorhynchidae: Monotremata) and a reconsideration of the status of Ornithorhynchus agilis De Vis, 1895. Aust Zool 20:9-27
6. Archer M, Jenkins FA, Hand SJ, Murray P, Godthelp H (1992) Description of the skull and non-vestigial dentition of a Miocene platypus (Obdurodon dicksoni n.sp.) from Riversleigh, Australia, and the problem of monotreme origins. In: Augee ML (ed) Platypus and echidnas. The Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, Sydneym, pp 15-27
7. Archibald JD (1985) Late Mesozoic mammals: History, radiation, and "catastrophic" extinction. IV International Theriological Congress, Abstracts of Papers and Posters, Abstract # 0026, Edmonton.
8. Archibald DJ (1998) Death, taxes, and extinction: An example from the dinosaurs. National Forum, The Phi Kappa Phi Journal 78(3):32-35.
9. Archibald JD, Clemens WA (1984) Mammal evolution near the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary. In: Berggren WA, Van Couvering JA (eds) Catastrophes and earth history. The new uniformitarism. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, pp 339-371
10. Berggren WA, Kent DV, Swisher CC III, Aubry MP (1995) A revised Cenozoic Geochronology and Chronostratigraphy. In: Berggren WA, Kent DV, Aubry MP, Hardenbol J (eds) Geochronology time scales and global stratigraphic correlation. SEPM (Soc. Sedim. Geol.), Special Publication 54, pp 129-212
11. Bertini RJ, Marshall LG, Gayet M, Brito P (1993) Vertebrate faunas from the Adamantina and Marília formations (Upper Baurú Group, late Cretaceous, Brazil) in their stratigraphic and paleobiogeographic context. N Jb Geol Paläont Abh 188:71-101
12. Bonaparte JF (1970) Annotated list of the South American Triassic tetrapods. Gondwana Symp Proc Papers 2:665-682
13. Bonaparte JF (1986a) Sobre Mesungulatum houssayi y nuevos mamíferos cretácicos de Patagonia, Argentina. IV Congreso Argentino de Paleontología y Bioestratigrafía Actas 2:48-61. Mendoza
14. Bonaparte JF (1986b) History of the terrestrial Cretaceous vertebrates of Gondwana. IV Congreso Argentino de Paleontología y Bioestratigrafía, Actas 2:63-95. Mendoza
15. Bonaparte JF (1986c) A new and unusual Late Cretaceous mammal from Patagonia. J Vertebr Paleontol 6:264-270
16. Bonaparte JF (1988) Specialized dentition in two Cretaceous mammals from Patagonia. In: Russell DE, Santoro J-P, Sigogneau-Russell D (eds) Teeth revisited: Proceedings of the VII international symposium on dental morphlogy (Paris, 1986), vol 53. Mém. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat., Paris, (série C), pp 207-215
17. Bonaparte JF (1990) New Late Cretaceous mammals from the Los Alamitos Formation, northern Patagonia. Nat Geogr Res 6:63-93
18. Bonaparte JF (1992) Una nueva especie de Triconodonta de la Formación Los Alamitos, Prov. de Rio Negro y comentarios sobre su fauna de mamíferos. Ameghiniana 29:99-110
19. Bonaparte JF (1996) Cretaceous tetrapods of Argentina. Münchner Geowissenschafte Abhändlungen (A) 30:73-130
20. Bonaparte JF (2002) New Dryolestida (Theria) from the Late Cretaceous of Los Alamitos, Argentina, and palaeogeographical comments. N Jb Geol Paläont Abh 224:339-371
21. Bonaparte JF, Crompton AW (1990) Late Cretaceous radiation of therian mammals in South America. Joint Meeting of SAREM and ASWM, Abstracts: 40, Buenos Aires
22. Bonaparte JF, Kielan-Jaworowska Z (1987) Late Cretaceous dinosaurs and mammal faunas of Laurasia and Gondwana. In: Currie PJ, Koster EH (eds) Fourth symposium on Mesozoic terrestrial ecosystems, Short Papers, Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology, Drumheller, Alberta, Canada, pp 24-29
23. Bonaparte JF, Morales J (1997) Un primitivo Notonychopidae (Litopterna) del Paleoceno Inferior de Punta Peligro, Chubut, Argentina. Estudios Geológicos 53:183-286
24. Bonaparte JF, Rougier GW (1987) The hadrosaurs. In: Bonaparte JF (ed) The Late Cretaceous Fauna of Los Alamitos, Patagonia, Argentina, vol 3. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, Paleontología, pp 155-161
25. Bonaparte JF, Soria MF (1984) Nota sobre el primer mamífero del Cretácico argentino, Campaniano-Maastrichtiano (Condylarthra). Ameghiniana 21:177-183
26. Bonaparte JF, Franchi MR, Powell JE, Sepúlveda EG (1984) La Formación Los Alamitos (Campaniano-Maastrichtiano) del sudeste de Río Negro, con descriptión de Kritosaurus australis n.sp. (Hadrosauridae). Significado paleogeográfico de los vertebrados. Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 39:289-299
27. Bonaparte JF, Van Valen L, Kramartz A (1993) La Fauna Local de Punta Peligro. Paleoceno inferior de la provinciade Chubut, Patagonia, Argentina. Evol Monogr 14:1-61
28. Bond M, Carlini AA, Goin FJ, Legarreta L, Ortiz-Jaureguizar E, Pascual R, Uliana MA (1995) Episodes in South American land-mammals evolution and sedimentation: Testing their apparent concurrrence in a Paleocene succession from central Patagonia. VI Congreso Argentine de Paleontología y Bioestrigrafía, Actas 45-58, Trelew
29. Bond M, López, G, Reguero M (1996) "Astraponotéen Plus Supèrieur" of Ameghino: another interval in the Paleogene record of South America. J Vertebr Paleontol 16(3):23
30. Bond M, Reguero MA, Vizcaino SF, Marenssi SA (2006) A new 'South American ungulate' (Mammalia: Litopterna) from the Eocene of the Antarctic Peninsula. In: Francis JE, Pirrie D, Crame JA (eds) Cretaceous-Tertiary High-Latitude Palaeoenvironments, James Ross Basin, Antarctica, vol 258. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, pp 163-176
31. Branisa L, Grambast L, Hoffstetter R (1969) Quelques précisions nouvelles d'après les charophytes, sur l'age du Groupe Puca (Crétacé-Paléogène, Bolivie). C R des Se Soc Geéol Fr 8:321-322
32. Butler PM (1990) Early trends in the evolution of tribosphenic molars. Biol Rev 65:529-552
33. Butler PM (2000) Review of the early allotherian mammals. Acta Palaeont Pol 45:317-342
34. Carlini AA, Pascual R, Reguero MA, Scillato-Yané GJ, Tonni EP, Vizcaíno SF (1990) The first Paleogene land placental mammal from Antarctica: Its paleoclimate and paleobiogeographical bearings. ICSEB IV (Fourth International Congress of Systematics and Evolutionary Biology), Abstracts: 325, Maryland, USA
35. Casamiquela RM (1961) Sobre la presencia de un mamífero en el primer elenco (icnológico) de vertebrados del Jurásico de Patagonia. Physis 22:225-233
36. Casamiquela RM (1964) Estudios icnológicos. Problemas y métodos de la icnología con aplicación al estudio de pisadas mesozoicas (Reptilia, Mammalia) de la Patagonia. (Ministerio de Asuntos Sociales de la Provincia de Río Negro, Argentina). Imprenta del Colegio Industrial Pío IX, Buenos Aires
37. Casamiquela RM (1975) Sobre la significación de Ameghinichnus patagonicus, un mamífero brincador del Jurásico medio de Santa Cruz (Patagonia). I Congreso Argentine de Paleontología y Bioestratigrafía, Actas 2:555-580
38. Case JA (1988) Paleogene floras from Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Geol Soc Am Memoir 169:523-530
39. Case JA (2006) The late Middle Eocene terrestrial vertebrate fauna from Seymour Island: the tails of the Eocene Patagonian size distribution. In: Francis JE, Pirrie D, Crame JA (eds) Cretaceous - tertiary high-latitude palaeoenvironments, James Ross Basin, Antarctica, vol 258. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, pp 177-186
40. Case JA, Woodburne MO, Chaney DS (1988) A new genus and species of polydolopid marsupial from the La Meseta Formation, late Eocene, Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula. In: Feldmann RM, Woodburne MO (eds) Geology and paleontology of Seymour Island, vol 169. Geol. Soc. Am. Mem., pp 505-521, Boulder
41. Case JA, Coin FJ, Woodburne MO (2005) "South American" marsupials from the Late Cretaceous of North America and the origin of marsupial cohorts. J Mamm Evol 12:461-494
42. Cox CB (2000) Plate tectonics, seaways and climate in the historical biogeography of mammals. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 95:509-516
43. Charrier R, Wyss AR, Norell MA, Flynn JJ, Novacek MJ, McKenna MC, Swisher CC III, Frassinetti D, Salinas P (1990) Hallazgos de mamíferos fósiles del Terciario inferior en el sector de Termas del Flaco, Cordillera Principal, Chile central: implicancias paleontológicas, estratigráficas y tectónicas. Segundo Simposio sobre el Terciario de Chile, Actas 1:73-84
44. Cifelli RL (2001) Early mammalian radiations. J Paleontol 75:1214-1226
45. Clemens WA (2001) Mammalian evolution across the Cretaceou/Tertiary boundary: the contributions of survival, dispersal, and extinction. VII International Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems, Asociación Paleontológica Argentina, vol 7. Publicación Especial, pp 57-60. Buenos Aires
46. Cope ED (1882) The Periptychidae. Am Nat 16:832-833
47. Cope ED (1884) The Tertiary Marsupialia. Am Nat 18:686-697
48. Crisci JV, Cigliano MM, Morrone JJ, Roig-Juñent S (1991) Historical biogeography of southern South America. Syst Zool 40:152-171
49. Crisci JV, de la Fuente M, Lanteri AA, Morrone JJ, Ortiz-Jaureguizar E, Pascual R, Prado JL (1993) Patagonia, Gondwana Occidental (GW) y Oriental (GE). Un Modelo de Biogeografía Histórica. IX Jornadas Argentinas de Paleontologìa de Vertebrados. Ameghiniana 30:104
50. Crochet J-Y (1979) Données nouvelles sur l'histoire paléogéographique des Didelphidae (Marsupialia). C R Acad Sci Paris 288(Série D): 1457-1460
51. Crochet .T-Y (1980) Les marsupiaux du Tertiaire d'Europe. Edit. Fondation Singer-Polignac, Paris
52. Croizat L (1958) Panbiogeography. Vols. I, IIa and IIb. Published by the author
53. Croizat L (1964) Space, time, form: The biological synthesis. Published by the author. Caracas, Venezuela
54. Crompton AW (1964) A preliminary description of a new mammal from the Upper Triassic of South Africa. Proc Zool Soc Lond 142:441-452
55. Crompton AW (1974) The dentition and relationships of the southern African Triassic mammals, Erithrotherium parringtoni and Megazostrodon rudnerae. Bull Brit Mus (Nat Hist), Geol 24:397-437
56. Crompton AW, Jenkins FA (1968) Molar occlusion in Late Triassic mammals. Biol Rev 43:427-458
57. Crompton AW, Jenkins FA Jr (1978) Mesozoic mammals. In: Maglio VJ, Cooke HBS (eds) Evolution of African mammals. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, pp 46-55
58. de Broin F (1991) Fossil turtles from Bolivia. In: Suárez-Soruco R (ed) Fósiles y Facies de Bolivia - vol I Vertebrados, Revista Técnica de Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales Bolivianos, vol 12, pp 509-527
59. de Broin F, de la Fuente MS (1993) Les tortues fossiles d'Argentine: Synthèse. Ann Paléont 79:169-232
60. de Muizon C (1991) La fauna de mamíferos de Tiupampa (Paleoceno inferior, Formación Santa Lucía), Bolivia. In: Suárez-Soruco R (ed) Fósiles y Facies de Bolivia - vol I Vertebrados, Revista Técnica de Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales Bolivianos, vol 12. Santa Cruz, Bolivia, pp 575-624
61. de Muizon C, Cifelli RL (2000) The "condylarths" (archaic Ungulata, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Tiupampa (Bolivia): Implications on the origin of the South American ungulates. Geodiversitas 22:47-150
62. de Muizon C, Marshall LG (1985) Sur la piste des premiers mammifères d'Amérique du Sud. La Recherche 16:812-815
63. de Muizon C, Marshall LG (1987a) Le plus ancien condylarthre (Mammalia) sud-américain (Crétacé supérieur, Bolivie). C R Acad Sci Paris 304(Série II, no. 13):771-774
64. de Muizon C, Marshall LG (1987b) Deux nouveaux condylarthres (Mammalia) du Maastrichtien de Tiupampa (Bolivie). C R Acad Sci Paris 304(Série II, no. 15):947-950
65. de Muizon C, Marshall LG (1987e) Le plus ancien Pantodonte (Mammalia), du Crétacé supérieur de Bolivie. C R Acad Sci Paris 304(Série II, no. 5):205-208
66. de Muizon C, Marshall LG (1991) Nouveaux condylarthres du Paléocène inférieur de Tiupampa (Bolivie). Bull Mus Natl Hist Nat Section C 13:201-227
67. de Muizon C, Marshall LG, Sigé B (1984) The mammal fauna from El Molino Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) at Tiupampa, Southcentral Bolivia. Bull Mus Natn Hist Nat Paris (4e sér.) 6:327-351
68. Dumont ER, Strait SG, Friscia AR (2000) Abderitid marsupials from the Miocene of Patagonia: an assessment of form, function, and evolution. J Paleontol 74:1161-1172
69. Ensom PC, Sigogneau-Russell D (1998) New dryolestoid mammals from the basal Cretaceous Purbeck Limestone group of southern England. Paleontology 41:35-55
70. Flannery TF, Archer M, Rich TH, Jones R (1995) A new family of monotremes from the Cretaceous of Australia. Nature 377:418-420
71. Flynn JJ, Swisher CC III (1995) Cenozoic South American land mammal ages: Correlation to global geochronologies. Soc Sediment Geol Spec Publ 54:317-333
72. Flynn JJ, Parrish JM, Rakotosamimanana B, Simpson WF, Wyss AR (1999) A Middle Jurassic mammal from Madagascar. Nature 401:57-60
73. Flynn JJ, Wyss AR, Charrier R, Swisher CC (1995) An Early Miocene anthropoid skull from the Chilean Andes. Nature 373:603-606
74. Gayet M, Marshall LG, Sempère T (1991) The Mesozoic and Paleocene vertebrates of Bolivia and their stratigraphie context: A review. In: Suárez-Soruco R (ed) Fósiles y Facies de Bolivia - vol I Vertebrados, Revista Técnica de Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales Bolivianos, vol 12. Santa Cruz, Bolivia, pp 393-433
75. Gelfo JN, Pascual R (2001) Peligrotherium tropicalis (Mammalia, Dryolestida) from the early Paleocene of Patagonia, a survival from a Mesozoic Gondwanan radiation. Geodiversitas 23:369-379
76. Gill T (1872) Arrangement of the families of mammals with analytical tables. Smithsonian Mise Coll 11 (i-vi):1-98
77. Godthelp H, Archer M, Cifelli R, Hand SJ, Gilkenson CF (1992) Earliest known Australian Tertiary mammal fauna. Nature 356:514-516
78. Goin FJ (2003) Early marsupial radiations in South America. In: Jones M, Dickman C, Archer M (eds) Predators with pouches: The biology of carnivorous marsupials. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Sydney, pp 30-42
79. Goin FJ, Case JA, Woodburne MO, Vizcaino SF, Reguero MA (1999) New discoveries of "opossum-like" marsupials from Antarctica (Seymour Island, Medial Eocene). J Mamm Evol 6:335-365
80. Goin FJ, Pascual R, Tejedor MF, Gelfo JN, Woodburne MO, Case JA, Reguero MA, Bond M, López GM, Cione AL, Udrizar Sauthier D, Balarino L, Scasso RA, Medina FA, Ubaldón MC (2006a) The earliest Tertiary therian mammal from South America. J Vertebr Paleontol 26:505-510
81. Goin FJ, Reguero MA, Pascual R, Koenigswald WV, Woodburne MO, Case JA, Marenssi SA, Vieytes C, Vizcaíno SF (2006b) First gondwanatherian mammal from Antarctica. In: Francis JE, Pirrie D, Crame JA (eds) Cretaceous-tertiary high-latitude palaeoenvironments, James Ross Basin, Antarctica, vol 258. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, pp 135-144
82. Gould SJ (1983) Nature's great era of experiments. Nat Hist 7/83:17-21
83. Gordon CL (2003) A first look at estimating body size in dentally conservative marsupials. J Mamm Evol 10:1-21
84. Grambast L, Martínez M, Mattauer M, Thaler L (1967) Perulherium altiplanense n.gen. et n.sp., premier mammifère mésozoï que d'Amérique du Sud. C R Acad Sci Paris 264:707-710
85. Hahn G, Sigogneau-Russell D, Wouters G (1989) New data on Theroteinidae - their relation with Paulchoffatiidae and Haramiyidae. Geol Palaeont 23:205-215
86. Heinrich WD (1998) Late Jurassic mammals from Tendaguru, Tanzania, East Africa. J Mamm Evol 5:269-290
87. Heinrich WD (1999) First haramiyid (Mammalia, Allotheria) from the Mesozoic of Gondwana. Mitt Mus Naturk Berl Geowiss 2:159-170
88. Jenkins FA Jr (1969) Occlusion in Docodon (Mammalia, Docodonta). Postilla 139:1-24
89. Jenkins FA Jr, Gatesy SM, Shubin NH, Amaral WW (1997) Haramiyids and Triassic mammalian evolution. Nature 385:715-718
90. Keast A (1972) Australian mammals: Zoogeography and evolution. In: Keast A, Erk FC, Glass B (eds) Evolution, mammals, and Southern Continents. State University New York Press, Albany, pp 195-246
91. Kermack KA, Mussett F, Rigney HW (1973) The lower jaw of Morganucodon. J Linn Soc (Zool) 53:87-175
92. Kermack KA, Mussett F, Rigney HW (1981) The skull of Morganucodon. J Linn Soc (Zool) 71:1-158
93. Kerourio P, Sigé B (1984) L'apport des coquilles d'oeufs de dinosaurs de Laguna Umayo à l'age de la Formation Vilquechico (Pérou) et à la comprehension de Perutherium altiplanense, etc. Newsl Stratigr 13:133-142
94. Kielan-Jaworowska Z, Bonaparte JF (1996) Partial dentary of a multituberculate mammal from the Late Cretaceous of Argentina and its taxonomic implications. Revista del Museo Argentine de Ciencias Naturales, Extra, Nueva Serie 145:1-9
95. Kielan-Jaworowska Z, Huram JH (2001) Phylogeny and systematics of multituberculate mammals. Palaeontology 44:389-429
96. Kielan-Jaworowska Z, Cifelli RL, Luo ZX (2004) Mammals from the age of Dinosaurs. Origins, evolution, and structure. Columbia University Press, New York
97. Krause DW, Bonaparte JF (1990) The Gondwanatheria, a new suborder of Multituberculata from South America. J Vertebr Paleontol 10:31 A
98. Krause DW, Bonaparte JF (1993) Superfamily Gondwanatherioidea: A previously unrecognized radiation of multituberculate mammals in South America. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 90:9379-9383.
99. Krause DW, Prasad G VR, von Koenigswald W, Sahni A, Grine FE (1997) Cosmopolitanism among Late Cretaceous mammals. Nature 390:504-507
100. Lavocat R (1971) Affinités systématiques des Caviomorphes et des Phiomorphes et l'origine Africaine des Caviomorphes. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências Supl 43:515-522
101. Lavocat R (1976) Rongeurs Caviomorphes de l'Oligocene de Bolivie. II Rongeurs du Bassin Déséadien de Salla-Luribay. Palaeovertebrata 7:15-90
102. Legarreta L, Kokogian DA, Boggetti DA (1989) Depositional sequences of the Marlargüe Group (upper Cretaceous-lower Tertiary), Neuquén Basin, Argentina. Cret Res 10:337-356
103. Legarreta L, Uliana MA (1994) Asociaciones de fósiles y hiatos en el Supracretácico- Neógeno de Patagonia: una perspectiva estratigráfico-secuencial. Ameghiniana 31:257-281
104. Lillegraven JA, Krusat G (1991) Cranio-mandibular anatomy of Haldanodon exspectatus (Docodonta: Mammalia) from the Late Jurassic of Portugal and its implications to the evolution of mammalian characters. Contrib Geol Univ Wyoming 28:39-138
105. Luo Z, Cifelli RL, Kielan Jaworowska Z (2001) Dual origin of tribosphenic mammals. Nature 409:53-57
106. Luo Z-X, Kielan-Jaworowska Z, Cifelli RL (2002) In quest for a phylogeny of early mammals. Acta Palaeont Pol 47:1-78
107. Marsh OC (1879) Notice of new Jurassic mammals. Am J Sci (series 3) 18:396-398
108. Marshall LG (1982) Systematics of the extinct South American marsupial family Polydolopidae. Fieldiana, Geol (new ser.) 12:1-109
109. Marshall LG, Cifelli RL (1990) Analysis of changing diversity patterns in Cenozoic land mammal age faunas, South America. Palaeovertebrata 19:169-210
110. Marshall LG, Hoffstetter R (1991) Introduction. In: Suárez Soruco R (ed) Fósiles y Facies de Bolivia - vol I: Vertebrados. Revista Técnica de Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales Bolivianos, vol 12. Santa Cruz, Bolivia, pp 359-369
111. Marshall LG, de Muizon C (1988) The dawn of the Age of Mammals in South America. Natl Geogr Res 4:23-55
112. Marshall LG, Hoffstetter R, Pascual R (1983) Mammals and stratigraphy: Geochronology of the continental mammal-bearing Tertiary of South America. Palaoevertebrata Mém Extr 1983:1-93
113. Marshall LG, Case JA, Woodburne MO (1990) Phylogenetic relationships of the families of marsupials. In: Genoways HH (ed) Current mammalogy, vol 2. Plenum Press, New York, pp 433-502
114. Marshall LG, Sempère T, Butler RF (1997) Chronostratigraphy of the mammal-bearing Paleocene of South America. J South Am Earth Sci 10(1):49-70
115. Martin TM, Rauhut OWM (2005) Mandible and dentition of Asfaltomylos patagonicus (Australosphenida, Mammalia) and the evolution of tribosphenic teeth. J Vert Paleontol 25(2):414-425
116. Matthew WD (1915) Climate and evolution. Ann New York Acad Sci 24:171-318
117. McKenna MC (1975) Toward a phylogenetic classification of the Mammalia. In: Luckett WP, Szalay FS (eds) Phylogeny of the primates. Plenum, New York, pp 21-46
118. McKenna MC, Bell S (1997) Classification of mammals above the species level. Columbia University Press, New York
119. Mones A (1979) Los dientes de los vertebrados. Una introducción a su esludio. Direción General de Extensión Universitaria, División Publicaciones y Ediciones, 97 pp Montevideo, Uruguay
120. Mones A (1982) An equivocal nomenclature: What means hypsodonty? Paleont Z 56:107-111
121. Mones A (1987) Gondwanatheria, un nuevo orden de mamíferos sudamericanos (Mammalia: Edentata: ?Xenarthra). Comunicaciones Paleontológicas del Musseo de Historia Natural de Montevideo 1:237-240
122. Novacek MJ (1992) Mammalian phylogeny: Shaking the tree. Nature 356:121-125
123. Ortiz-Jaureguizar E (1986) Evolución de las comunidades de mamíferos cenozoicos sudamericanos: un estudio basado en técnicas de análisis multivariado. IV Congreso Argentino de Paleontología y Bioestratigrafìa, Actas 2:191-207
124. Ortiz-Jaureguizar E (1996) Paleobiogeografía y paleoecología de los mamíferos continentales de América del Sur durante el Cretácico tardío-Paleoceno: Una revisión. Estudios Geológicos 52:83-94
125. Ortiz-Jaureguizar E (1998) Paleoecología y evolución de la fauna de mamíferos de América del Sur durante la "Edad de las Planicies Australes" (Mioceno superior-Plioceno superior). Estudios Geológicos 54:161-169
126. Ortiz-Jaureguizar E (2003) Relaciones de similitud, paleoecología y extinción de los Abderitidae (Marsupialia, Paucituberculata, Caenolestoidea). Coloquios de Paleontología, Volumen Extraordinario 1:475-498
127. Ortiz-Jaureguizar E, Cladera G, Giallombardo A (1999) Relaciones de similitud entre las faunas del lapso Cretácico superior-Paleoceno superior en América del Sur. Temas Geológico-Mineros 26:280-283
128. Ortiz-Jaureguizar E, Pascual R (1989) South American land-mammal faunas during the Cretaceous-Tertiary transition: Evolutionary biogeography. Contribuciones de los simposios sobre el Cretácico de América Latina, Parte A: Eventos y registro sedimentario A231-A251
129. Parrish Totman J (1993) The palaeogeography of the opening South Atlantic. In: George W, Lavocat R (eds) The Africa-South America connection. Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp 8-27
130. Pascual R (1970) Evolución de comunidades, cambios faunísticos e integraciones biocenóticas de los vertebrados cenozoicos de Argentina. IV Congreso Latinoamericano de Zoología, Actas 2:991-1088
131. Pascual R (1984a) La sucesión de las Edades-mamífero, de los climas y del diastrofismo sudamericanos durante el Cenozoico: Fenómenos concurrentes. Anales de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales 36:15-37
132. Pascual R (1984b) Late Tertiary mammals of southern South America as indicators of climatic deterioration. Quat S Am Antarct Pen 2:1-30
133. Pascual R (1986) Evolución de los vertebrados cenozoicos: sumario de los principales hitos. IV Congreso Argentine de Paleontología y Bioestratigrafìa, Actas 2:209-218, Mendoza
134. Pascual R (1996) Late Cretaceous-Recent land-mammals. An approach to South American geobiotic evolution. Mastozoología Neotropical 3:133-152
135. Pascual R (1997) Fossil land mammals and the geobiotic history of southern South America. II Southern Connection Congress, Programs and Abstracts 59, Valdivia, Chile
136. Pascual R (1998) The history of South American land mammals: The seminal Cretaceous-Paleocene transition. In: Casadío S (ed) Paleógeno de América del Sur y de la Península Antártica, Asociación Paleontológica Argentina, vol 5. Publicación Especial, pp 9-18, Buenos Aires
137. Pascual R (in press) South American, an island continent. In: Anderson JM (ed) Gondwana Alive. Promoting biodiversity and stemming the sixth extinction. Pretoria, South Africa
138. Pascual R, Bondesio P (1976) Notas sobre los vertebrados de la frontera Cretácico-Terciaria. III Ceratodontidae (Peces, Osteichthyes, Dipnoi) de la Formación Coli Toro y de otras unidades del Cretácico tardío de Patagonia y Sur de Mendoza. Sus implicancias paleobiogeográficas. VI Congreso Geológico Argentino, Actas I:565-577. Bahía Blanca
139. Pascual R, Carlini AA (1987) A new superfamily in the extensive radiation of South American Paleogene marsupials. Fieldiana: Zool, n.s. 39:99-110
140. Pascual R, Goin FJ (2001) Non-tribosphenic Gondwanan mammals, and a distinct attainment of the molars reversed triangle pattern. VII International Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems. Asoción Paleontológica Argentina, vol 7. Publicación Especial, pp 157-162. Buenos Aires
141. Pascual R, Odreman Rivas OE (1971) Evolución de las comunidades de los vertebrados del Terciario argentino. Los aspectos paleozoogeográ ficas y paleoclimáticos relacionados. Ameghiniana 8:372-412
142. Pascual R, Ortega Hinojosa E (1966) Ctenomynae. In: Borrello AV (ed) Paleontografía Bonaerense. Fascículo IV, Vertebrata, Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la provincia de Buenos Aires, La Plata, pp 130-133
143. Pascual R, Ortiz-Jaureguizar E (1990) Evolving climates and mammal faunas in Cenozoic South America. J Hum Evol 19:23-60
144. Pascual R, Ortiz-Jaureguizar E (1991) El Ciclo Faunístico Cochabambiano (Paleoceno temprano), su incidencia en la historia biogeográfica de los mamíferos sudamericanos. In: Suárez Soruco R (ed) Fósiles y Facies de Bolivia - vol I: Vertebrados, Revista Técnica de Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales Bolivianos, vol 12. pp 559-574
145. Pascual R, Ortiz-Jaureguizar E (1992) Evolutionary pattern of land mamal faunas during the Late Cretaceous and Paleocene in South America: A comparison with the North American pattern. Ann Zool Fennici 28:245-252
146. Pascual R, Ortega Hinojosa EJ, Gondar D, Tonni EP (1965) Las Edades del Cenozoico mamalífero de la Argentina, con especial atención a aquéllas del territorio bonaerense. Anales de la Comisón de Investigaciones Científicas de la provincia de Buenos Aires VI:165-193
147. Pascual R, Vucetich MG, Scillato-Yané GJ, Bond M (1985) Main pathways of mammalian diversification in South America. In: Stehli F, Webb SD (eds) The Great American biotic interchange. Plenum Press, New York, pp 219-247
148. Pascual R, Carlini AA, De Santis LJM (1988) Dentition and ways of life in Cenozoic South American rodent-like marsupials. Outstanding examples of convergence. In: Russell DE, Santoro J-P, Sigogneau-Russell D (eds) Teeth revisited: Proceedings of the VII international symposium on dental morphlogy, vol 53. Mém. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat., Paris (Série C), pp 217-226
149. Pascual R, Vucetich MG, Scillato-Yané GJ (1990) Extinct and recent South American and Caribbean edentates and rodents: Outstanding examples of isolation. In: Azzaroli A (ed) Biogeographical Aspects of Insularity, Atti dei Convegni Lincei, 85:627-640.
150. Pascual R, Archer M, Ortiz-Jaureguizar E, Prado JL, Godthelp H, Hand SJ (1992a) The first discovery of monotremes in South America. Nature 356:704-705
151. Pascual R, Archer M, Ortiz-Jaureguizar E, Prado JL, Godthelp H, Hand SJ (1992b) The first non-Australian monotremes: An early Paleocene South American platypus (Monotreme, Ornithorhynchidae). In: Augee ML (ed) Platypus and echydnas. The Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, Sydney, pp 1-14
152. Pascual R, Goin FJ, Ortiz-Jaureguizar E, Carlini AA, Prado JL (1993) Ferugliotherium and Sudamerica, Multi-tuberculata and Gondwanatheria. One more evolutionary process occured in isolation. Ameghiniana 30:334-335
153. Pascual R, Ortiz-Jaureguizar E, Prado JL (1996) Land-mammals: Paradigm for Cenozoic South American Geobiotic Evolution. In: Arratia G (ed) Contributions of Southern South America to vertebrate paleontology. Münchner Geowiss Abh, vol 30(A):, pp 265-319
154. Pascual R, Goin FJ, Krause DW, Ortiz-Jaureguizar E, Carlini AA (1999) The first gnathic remains of Sudamerica: implications for gondwanathere relationships. J Vertebr Paleontol 12:373-382
155. Pascual R, Goin FJ, Balarino L, Udrizar Sauthier D (2000a) New dental remains of Monotrematum sudamericanum. Their bearings on monotremes relationships and on the Gondwanan mammalian radiation. XV Jornadas Argentinas de Mastozoología, Libro de Resúmenes: 92-93, La Plata
156. Pascual R, Goin FJ, Gonzalez P, Ardolino A, Puerta PF (2000b) A highly derived docodont from the Patagonian Late Cretaceous: Evolutionary implications for Gondwanan mammals. Geodiversitas 22:395-414
157. Pascual R, Balarino ML, Udrizar Sauthier DE (2001) The K/T and
158. Pascual R, Gelfo JN, Goin FJ, Reguero MA, Udrizar-Sauthier DE, Balarino L (2002a) Un gran mamífero (Mammalia: Dryolestida) del Cretácico superior de Patagonia, Argentina. VIII Congreso Argentino de Paleontología y Bioestratigrafía, Resúmenes: 95. Corrientes
159. Pascual R, Carlini AA, Bond M, Goin FJ (2002b) Mamíferos cenozoicos. In: Haller MJ (ed) Geología y Recursos Naturales de Santa Cruz, Relatorio del XV Congreso Geológico Argentino, pp 533-544, El Calafate
160. Pascual R, Goin FJ, Balarino L, Udrizar Sauthier DE (2002c) New data on the Paleocene Monotrematurn sudamericanum and the convergent evolution of triangulate molars. Acta Palaeont Pol 47:487-492
161. Patterson B (1952) Un nuevo y extraordinario marsupial deseadiano. Revista del Museo Municipal de Ciencias Naturales de Mar del Plata 1:39-44
162. Patterson B, Pascual R (1968) New echimid rodents from the Oligocene of Patagonia and a synopsis of the family. Breviora 301:1-14
163. Patterson B, Pascual R (1972) The fossil mammal fauna of South America. In: Keast A, Erk FC, Glass B (eds) Evolution, mammals, and Southern Continents. State University of New York Press, Albany, pp 247-309
164. Paula Couto C (1952) Fossil mammals from the beginning of the Cenozoic in Brazil. Marsupialia: Polydolopidae and Borhyaenidae. Am Mus Novitat 1559:1-27
165. Petriella BTP, Archangelsky S (1975) Vegetación y ambiente en el Paleoceno de Chubut. I Congreso Argentino de Paleontología y Bioestratigratía, Actas 2:257-270. Tucumán
166. Rauhut OWM, Martin T, Ortiz-Jaureguizar E, Puerta P (2002) A Jurassic mammal from South America. Nature 416:165-168
167. Reguero MA (1999) El problems de las relaciones sistemáticas y filogenéticas de los Typotheria y Hegetotheria (Mammalia, Notoungulata): Análisis de los taxones de Patagonia de la Edad-mamífero Deseadense (Oligoceno). Tesis Doctoral, inédita. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (USA), Buenos Aires
168. Reguero MA, Marenssi SA, Santillana SN (2002) Antarctic Peninsula and South America (Patagonia) Paleogene terrestrial faunas and environments: Biogeographic relationships. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclim Palaeoecol 179:189-210
169. Ribeiro AM, Ferigolo J, Abdala F (2001) Primeiro morganucodontído (Mammalia, Triconodonta) do Mesozóico da América do Sul. XVII Congreso Brasileiro de Paleontología, Boletim de Resumos: 169, Rio Branco
170. Rich TH, Vickers-Rich P, Constantine A, Flannery TF, Kool L, van Klaveren N (1997) A tribosphenic mammal from the Mesozoic of Australia. Science 278:1438-1442
171. Rich TH, Vickers-Rich P, Constantine A, Flannery TF, Kool L, van Klaveren N (1999) Early Cretaceous mammals from Flat Rocks, Victoria, Australia. Rec Queen Victoria Mus 106:1-35
172. Rich TH, Flannery TF, Trusler P, Kool L, van Klaveren NA, Vickers-Rich P (2001) A second tribosphenic mammal from the Mesozoic of Australia. Rec Queen Victoria Mus 110:1-9
173. Rich TH, Flannery TF, Trusler P, Kool L, van Klaveren NA, Vickers-Rich P (2002) Evidence that monotremes and ausktribosphenids are not sister groups. J Vertebr Paleontol 22:466-469
174. Rougier G A (1993) Vincelestes neuquenianus Bonaparte (Mammalia, Theria) un primitivo mamífero del Cretácico inferior de la Cuenca Neuquina. Tesis Doctoral, inédita, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (UBA), Buenos Aires
175. Rougier GW, Wible JR, Hopson JA (1992) Reconstruction of the cranial vessels in the Early Cretaceous mammal Vincelestes neuquenianus: Implications for the evolution of the mammalian cranial vascular system. J Vertebr Paleontol 12:188-216
176. Rougier GW, Wible JR, Hopson JA (1996a) Basicranial anatomy of Priacodon fruitaensis (Triconodontidae, Mammalia) from the Late Jurassic of Colorado, and a reappraisal of mammaliaform interrelationships. Am Mus Novitat 3183:1-38
177. Rougier GW, Wible JR, Novacek MJ (1996b) Middle-ear ossicles of Kryptobataar dashzevegi (Mammalia, Multituberculata): Implications for mammaliamorph relationships and evolution of the auditory apparatus. Am Mus Novitat 3187:1-43
178. Rougier GW, Novacek MJ, Ortiz-Jaureguizar E, Pol D, Puerta PF, Muzzopappa P (2001) Mamfferos de la Formación La Colonia (Cretácico Superior): Nuevas evidencias a favor del aislamiento biogeográfico de Patagonia durante el Cretácico Tardío-Terciario Temprano. Ameghiniana 38(Suplemento, 4):18R-19R
179. Rougier GW, Novacek MJ, Pol D, Forasiepi A, Muzzopappa P, Sterli J, Cariglino B (2002) La fauna mamaliana de la Formación La Colonia (Cretácico Superior), Chubut: afinidades y diversidad. Ameghiniana 39(Suplemento, 4):16R
180. Rowe TB (1993) Phylogenetic systematics and the early history of mammals. In: Szalay FS, Novacek MJ, McKenna MC (eds) Mammal phylogeny, vol 1, Mesozoic differentiation, multituberculates, monotremes, early therians, and marsupials. Springer-Verlag Inc., New York, pp 129-145
181. Scillato-Yané GJ, Pascual R (1984) Un peculiar Paratheria, Edentata (Mammalia) del Paleoceno medio de Patagonia. I Jornadas Argentinas de Paleontología Vertebrados, Resúmenes: 15, La Plata
182. Scillato-Yané GJ, Pascual R (1985) Un peculiar Xenarthra del Paleoceno medio de Patagonia (Argentina). Su importancia en la sistemática de los Paratheria. Ameghiniana 21:316-318
183. Sclater JG, Hellinger S, Tapscott C (1977) The paleobathymetry of the Antarctic Ocean from the Jurassic to the Present. J Geol 85:509-552
184. Sigé B (1972) La faunule de mammifères du Crétacé supérieur de Laguna Umayo (Andes péruviennes). Bull Mus Natl Hist Nat, 3e série, no. 99, Sciences de la Terre 19:375-409
185. Sigogneau-Russell D (1999) Réévaluation des Peramura (Mammalia, Theria) sur la base de nouveaux spécimens du Crétacé inférieur d'Angleterre et du Maroc. Geodiversitas 21:93-127
186. Sigogneau-Russell D, Ensom PC (1998) Thereuodon (Theria, Symmetrodonta) from the Lower Cretaceous of North Africa and Europe, and a brief review of symmetrodonts. Cret Res 19:1-26
187. Simpson GG (1929) The dentition of Ornithorhynchus as evidence of its affinities. Am Mus Novitat 390:1-15
188. Simpson GG (1935) Occurrence and relationships of the Rio Chico fauna of Patagonia. Am Mus Novitat 818:1-21
189. Simpson GG (1941) The affinities of the Borhyaenidae. Am Mus Novitat 1118:1-6
190. Simpson GG (1948) The beginning of the age of mammals in South America. Part 1. Bull Am Mus Nat Hist 91:1-232
191. Simpson GG (1950) History of the fauna of Latin America. Am Sci 38:361-389
192. Simpson GG (1967) The beginning of the age of mammals in South America. Part 2. Bull Am Mus Nat Hist 137:1-260
193. Simpson GG (1970) The Argyrolagidae, extinct South American marsupials. Bull Mus Comp Zool 139:1-80
194. Simpson GG (1978) Early mammals in South America: Fact, controversy, and mystery. Proc Am Philos Soc 122:318-328
195. Simpson GG (1980) Splendid isolation. The curious history of South American Mammals. Yale University Press, New Haven and London
196. Soria MF (1989) Notopterna: un nuevo Orden de mamìferos ungulados eógenos de América del Sur. Parte II: Notonychops powelli gen. et sp. nov. (Notonychopidae nov.) de la Formación Río Loro (Paleoceno medio), provincia de Tucumán, Argentina. Ameghiniana 25:259-272
197. Stehli FG, Webb D (eds) (1985) The Great American biotic interchange. Plenum Press, New York
198. Stehlin HG (1909) Remarques sur les faunules de mammifêres des couches éocènes et oligoĉnes du Basin de Paris. Bull Soc Géol Fr 9:488-520
199. Storey BC (1995) The role of mantle plumes in continental breakup: Case histories from Gondwanaland. Nature 377:301-308
200. Thorne RF (1978) Plate tectonics and angiosperm distribution. Notes Roy Bot Gard (Edinburgh) 36:297-315
201. Vizcaíno SF, Pascual R, Reguero MA, Goin FJ (1998) Antarctica as background for mammalian evolution. In: Casadío S (ed) Paleógeno de América del Sur y de la Península Antártica, Asociación Paleontológica Argentina, Publicación Especial, vol 5, pp 199-209, Buenos Aires
202. Wible JR (1990) Petrosals of late Cretaceous marsupials from North America and a cladistic analysis of the petrosal in therian mammals. J Vertebr Paleontol 10:183-205
203. Wible JR, Hopson JA (1993) Basicranial evidence for early mammal phylogeny. In: Szalay FS, Novacek MJ, McKenna MC (eds) Mammal phylogeny, Mesozoic differentiation, multituberculates, monotremes, early therians, and marsupials, vol 1. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp 45-62
204. Wible JR, Rougier GW, Novacek MJ, McKenna MC, Dashzeveg DD (1995) A mammalian petrosal from the Early Cretaceous of Mongolia: Implications for the evolution of the ear region and mammaliamorph relationships. Am Mus Novitat 3149:1-19
205. Wilson GP, Arens NC (2001) The evolutionary impact of an epeiric seaway on Late Cretaceous and Paleocene palynofloras of South America. VII International Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems, Asociación Paleontológica Argentina, Publicación Especial, vol 7, pp 185-189, Buenos Aires
206. Woodburne MO, Case JA (1996) Dispersal, vicariance, and the Late Cretaceous to early Tertiary land mammal biogeography from South America to Australia. J Mamm Evol 3:121-161
207. Woodburne MO, Swisher CC III (1995) Land mammal high-resolution geochronology, intercontinental over-land dispersals, sea level, climate, and vicariance. In: Geochronology, time scales and global stratigraphie correlation, SEPM (Soc. Sed. Geol.), pp 335-364
208. Woodburne MO, Rich T, Springer M (2003) The evolution of tribospheny and the antiquity of mammalian clades. Mol Phylogenet Evol 28:360-385
209. Wyss AR, Flynn JJ, Norell MA, Swisher CC III, Charrier, R, Novacek MJ, McKenna MC (1993) South America's earliest rodent and recognition of a new interval of mammalian evolution. Nature 365:434-437
210. Wyss AR, Flynn JJ, Norell MA, Swisher CC III, Novacek MJ, McKenna MC, Charrier R (1994) Paleogene mammals from the Andes of Central Chile: A preliminary taxonomic, biostratigraphic, and geochronologic assessment. Am Mus Novitat 3098:1-31
211. Zachos J, Pagani M, Sloan L, Thomas E, Billups K (2001) Trends, rhythms, and aberrations in global climate 65 Ma to Present. Science 292:686-693
212. Zambrano JJ (1987) Las cuencas sedimentarias de América del Sur durante el Jurásico y Cretácico: su relación con la actividad tectónica y magmática. In: Volkheimer W (ed) Bioestratigrafía de los Sistemas Regionales del Jurásico y Cretácico de América del Sur, vol 1. Comité Sudamericano del Jurásico y Cretácico de América del Sur. Mendoza, pp 1-48
213. Ziegler PA (1988) Evolution of the arctic North Atlantic and the Western Tethys. Mem Am Assoc Petrol Geol 43:1-198
214. Zinsmeister WJ (1982) Late Cretaceous-Early Tertiary molluscan biogeography of the Southern Circum-Pacific. J Paleontol 56:84-102