Cancer and fertility: Strategies to preserve fertility

Reproductive BioMedicine Online

Volumn 22, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 232-248

  Diedrich, K ^a   Fauser, B C J M ^b   Devroey, P ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL SCHLESWIG HOLSTEIN   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER UTRECHT   (Netherlands)

^c CENTRE FOR REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE   (Belgium)

Author keywords

assisted reproductive technology; chemotherapy; cryopreservation; premature ovarian failure; radiotherapy

Indexed keywords

CHLORMETHINE; INHIBIN B; MUELLERIAN INHIBITING FACTOR; PREDNISOLONE; PROCARBAZINE; RECOMBINANT FOLLITROPIN; VINCRISTINE;

BLASTOCYST; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER SURVIVOR; CRYOPRESERVATION; DNA DAMAGE; EMBRYO BANK; EMBRYO TRANSFER; FEMALE FERTILITY; FEMALE GENITAL SYSTEM; FEMALE INFERTILITY; FERTILIZATION IN VITRO; HORMONAL REGULATION; HUMAN; INFERTILITY THERAPY; INTRACYTOPLASMIC SPERM INJECTION; MALE FERTILITY; MALE GENITAL SYSTEM; MALE INFERTILITY; NEOPLASM; NONHUMAN; OOCYTE; OOCYTE MATURATION; OOCYTE PRESERVATION; OOCYTE RETRIEVAL; OVARIAN PRESERVATION; OVARY FOLLICLE DEVELOPMENT; PREGNANCY RATE; PREMATURE OVARIAN FAILURE; PRESERVATION; RADIATION INJURY; REPRODUCTION; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SPERM; SPERM PRESERVATION; SPERMATOGENESIS; SUBFERTILITY; TISSUE CULTURE; TISSUE TRANSPLANTATION; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VITRIFICATION;

CRYOPRESERVATION; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFERTILITY; MALE; NEOPLASMS; OOCYTES; REPRODUCTIVE TECHNIQUES, ASSISTED; SPERM BANKS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 79951678985     PISSN: 14726483     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2010.11.001     Document Type: Review

References (169)

1. C.Y. Andersen, M. Rosendahl, and A.G. Byskov Two successful pregnancies following autotransplantation of frozen/thawed ovarian tissue Hum. Reprod. 23 2008 2266 2272
2. R.A. Anderson, D. Kinniburgh, and D.T. Baird Preliminary experience of the use of a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonist in ovulation induction/in-vitro fertilization prior to cancer treatment Hum. Reprod. 14 1999 2665 2668
3. R.A. Anderson, A.P. Themmen, A. Al-Qahtani, N.P. Groome, and D.A. Cameron The effects of chemotherapy and long-term gonadotrophin suppression on the ovarian reserve in premenopausal women with breast cancer Hum. Reprod. 21 2006 2583 2592 (Pubitemid 44542149)
4. R.A. Anderson, A. Weddell, and H.A. Spoudeas Do doctors discuss fertility issues before they treat young patients with cancer? Hum. Reprod. 23 2008 2246 2251
5. K. Ataya, L.V. Rao, E. Lawrence, and R. Kimmel Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist inhibits cyclophosphamide-induced ovarian follicular depletion in rhesus monkeys Biol. Reprod. 52 1995 365 372
6. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (National Perinatal Statistical Unit), Fertility Society of Australia. 2008. Assisted Reproduction Technology in Australia and New Zealand 2006. Assisted Reproduction Technology series, number 12. Available from: < http://www.aihw.gov.au/publications/ index.cfm/title/10598 > (accessed 7.09.10).
7. A. Badawy, A. Elnashar, M. El-Ashry, and M. Shahat Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists for prevention of chemotherapy-induced ovarian damage: prospective randomized study Fertil. Steril. 91 2009 694 697
8. G. Bahadur, O. Ozturk, and A. Muneer Semen quality before and after gonadotoxic treatment Hum. Reprod. 20 2005 774 781 (Pubitemid 40425508)
9. D.T. Baird, R. Webb, B.K. Campbell, L.M. Harkness, and R.G. Gosden Long-term ovarian function in sheep after ovariectomy and transplantation of autografts stored at -196°C Endocrinology 140 1999 462 471 (Pubitemid 29011192)
10. F.L. Barnes, A. Crombie, and D.K. Gardner Blastocyst development and birth after in-vitro maturation of human primary oocytes, intracytoplasmic sperm injection and assisted hatching Hum. Reprod. 10 1995 3243 3247 (Pubitemid 26026532)
11. L.E. Bath, H.O. Critchley, S.E. Chambers, R.A. Anderson, C.J. Kelnar, and W.H. Wallace Ovarian and uterine characteristics after total body irradiation in childhood and adolescence: response to sex steroid replacement Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 106 1999 1265 1272
12. L.E. Bath, R.A. Anderson, H.O. Critchley, C.J. Kelnar, and W.H. Wallace Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian dysfunction after prepubertal chemotherapy and cranial irradiation for acute leukaemia Hum. Reprod. 16 2001 1838 1844 (Pubitemid 32916209)
13. R. Beck-Fruchter, A. Weiss, and E. Shalev GnRH agonist therapy as ovarian protectants in female patients undergoing chemotherapy: a review of the clinical data Hum. Reprod. Update 14 2008 553 561
14. F. Belva, S. Henriet, and E. Van den Abbeel Neonatal outcome of 937 children born after transfer of cryopreserved embryos obtained by ICSI and IVF and comparison with outcome data of fresh ICSI and IVF cycles Hum. Reprod. 23 2008 2227 2238
15. M. Benkhalifa, A. Demirol, and Y. Menezo Natural cycle IVF and oocyte in-vitro maturation in polycystic ovary syndrome: a collaborative prospective study Reprod. Biomed. Online 18 2009 29 36
16. F.H. Blackhall, A.D. Atkinson, and M.B. Maaya Semen cryopreservation, utilisation and reproductive outcome in men treated for Hodgkin's disease Br. J. Cancer 87 2002 381 384 (Pubitemid 34983560)
17. Z. Blumenfeld, and M. von Wolff GnRH-analogues and oral contraceptives for fertility preservation in women during chemotherapy Hum. Reprod. Update 14 2008 543 552
18. K. Boekelheide Mechanisms of toxic damage to spermatogenesis J. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monogr. 2005 6 8
19. W. Brennemann, K.A. Brensing, N. Leipner, I. Boldt, and D. Klingmuller Attempted protection of spermatogenesis from irradiation in patients with seminoma by d-tryptophan-6 luteinizing hormone releasing hormone Clin. Invest. 72 1994 838 842 (Pubitemid 24342964)
20. F.J. Broekmans, M.R. Soules, and B.C. Fauser Ovarian ageing: mechanisms and clinical consequences Endocr. Rev. 30 2009 465 493
21. M. Brydoy, S.D. Fossa, O. Dahl, and T. Bjoro Gonadal dysfunction and fertility problems in cancer survivors Acta Oncol. 46 2007 480 489 (Pubitemid 46752258)
22. W.M. Buckett, R.C. Chian, N.L. Dean, C. Sylvestre, H.E. Holzer, and S.L. Tan Pregnancy loss in pregnancies conceived after in vitro oocyte maturation, conventional in vitro fertilization, and intracytoplasmic sperm injection Fertil. Steril. 90 2008 546 550
23. J. Byrne, T.R. Fears, and M.H. Gail Early menopause in long-term survivors of cancer during adolescence Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 166 1992 788 793
24. Cancer Research UK, 2009. CancerStats. Available from: < http://info.cancerresearchuk.org/cancerstats/ > (accessed 10.06.09).
25. Y.X. Cao, and R.C. Chian Fertility preservation with immature and in vitro matured oocytes Semin. Reprod. Med. 27 2009 456 464
26. Y.X. Cao, Q. Xing, and L. Li Comparison of survival and embryonic development in human oocytes cryopreserved by slow-freezing and vitrification Fertil. Steril. 92 2009 1306 1311
27. J. Carroll, and R.G. Gosden Transplantation of frozen-thawed mouse primordial follicles Hum. Reprod. 8 1993 1163 1167 (Pubitemid 23249516)
28. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2006. Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) Report. Available from: < http://www.cdc.gov/ART/ART2006/ > (accessed 7.09.10).
29. K.Y. Cha, J.J. Koo, J.J. Ko, D.H. Choi, S.Y. Han, and T.K. Yoon Pregnancy after in vitro fertilization of human follicular oocytes collected from nonstimulated cycles, their culture in vitro and their transfer in a donor oocyte program Fertil. Steril. 55 1991 109 113
30. K.Y. Cha, H.M. Chung, and D.R. Lee Obstetric outcome of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome treated by in vitro maturation and in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer Fertil. Steril. 83 2005 1461 1465 (Pubitemid 40615821)
31. C. Chen Pregnancy after human oocyte cryopreservation Lancet 1 1986 884 886 (Pubitemid 16113063)
32. R.C. Chian, J.Y. Huang, and S.L. Tan Obstetric and perinatal outcome in 200 infants conceived from vitrified oocytes Reprod. Biomed. Online 16 2008 608 610 (Pubitemid 351721727)
33. R.C. Chian, L. Gilbert, and J.Y. Huang Live birth after vitrification of in vitro matured human oocytes Fertil. Steril. 91 2009 372 376
34. R.C. Chian, J.Y. Huang, and L. Gilbert Obstetric outcomes following vitrification of in vitro and in vivo matured oocytes Fertil. Steril. 91 2009 2391 2398
35. E.J. Chow, A. Kamineni, and J.R. Daling Reproductive outcomes in male childhood cancer survivors: a linked cancer-birth registry analysis Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. 163 2009 887 894
36. H.O. Critchley, and W.H. Wallace Impact of cancer treatment on uterine function J. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monogr. 2005 64 68
37. H.O. Critchley, W.H. Wallace, S.M. Shalet, H. Mamtora, J. Higginson, and D.C. Anderson Abdominal irradiation in childhood; the potential for pregnancy Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 99 1992 392 394
38. P. De Mas, M. Daudin, and M.C. Vincent Increased aneuploidy in spermatozoa from testicular tumour patients after chemotherapy with cisplatin, etoposide and bleomycin Hum. Reprod. 16 2001 1204 1208 (Pubitemid 32544692)
39. J. de Mouzon, V. Goossens, and S. Bhattacharya Assisted reproductive technology in Europe, 2006: results generated from European registers by ESHRE Hum. Reprod. 25 2010 1851 1862
40. G. Delbes, B.F. Hales, and B. Robaire Effects of the chemotherapy cocktail used to treat testicular cancer on sperm chromatin integrity J. Androl. 28 2007 241 249 (Pubitemid 46423905)
41. I. Demeestere, P. Simon, S. Emiliani, A. Delbaere, and Y. Englert Fertility preservation: successful transplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue in a young patient previously treated for Hodgkin's disease Oncologist 12 2007 1437 1442
42. I. Demeestere, P. Simon, F. Moffa, A. Delbaere, and Y. Englert Birth of a second healthy girl more than 3 years after cryopreserved ovarian graft Hum. Reprod. 25 2010 1590 1591
43. E. Demirtas, S.E. Elizur, and H. Holzer Immature oocyte retrieval in the luteal phase to preserve fertility in cancer patients Reprod. Biomed. Online 17 2008 520 523
44. G.R. Dohle Male infertility in cancer patients: review of the literature Int. J. Urol. 17 2010 327 331
45. M.M. Dolmans, D. Demylle, B. Martinez-Madrid, and J. Donnez Efficacy of in vitro fertilization after chemotherapy Fertil. Steril. 83 2005 897 901
46. M.M. Dolmans, N. Michaux, and A. Camboni Evaluation of Liberase, a purified enzyme blend, for the isolation of human primordial and primary ovarian follicles Hum. Reprod. 21 2006 413 420 (Pubitemid 43159916)
47. J. Donnez, M.M. Dolmans, and D. Demylle Livebirth after orthotopic transplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue Lancet 364 2004 1405 1410 (Pubitemid 39370715)
48. J. Donnez, B. Martinez-Madrid, P. Jadoul, A. Van Langendonckt, D. Demylle, and M.M. Dolmans Ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation: a review Hum. Reprod. Update 12 2006 519 535 (Pubitemid 44288709)
49. Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group, 2005. Effects of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy for early breast cancer on recurrence and 15-year survival: an overview of the randomised trials. Lancet 365, 1687-1717.
50. S.E. Elizur, R.C. Chian, and C.A. Pineau Fertility preservation treatment for young women with autoimmune diseases facing treatment with gonadotoxic agents Rheumatology (Oxford) 47 2008 1506 1509
51. J.J. Eppig, and M.J. O'Brien Development in vitro of mouse oocytes from primordial follicles Biol. Reprod. 54 1996 197 207 (Pubitemid 126506815)
52. E. Ernst, S. Bergholdt, J.S. Jorgensen, and C.Y. Andersen The first woman to give birth to two children following transplantation of frozen/thawed ovarian tissue Hum. Reprod. 25 2010 1280 1281
53. Ethics Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, 2005. Fertility preservation and reproduction in cancer patients. Fertil. Steril. 83, 1622-1628.
54. D. Ezcurra, J. Rangnow, M. Craig, and J. Schertz The HOPE registry: first US registry for oocyte cryopreservation Reprod. Biomed. Online 17 2008 743 744
55. M.R. Fernandez-Santos, M.C. Esteso, V. Montoro, A.J. Soler, and J.J. Garde Influence of various permeating cryoprotectants on freezability of Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) epididymal spermatozoa: effects of concentration and temperature of addition J. Androl. 27 2006 734 745 (Pubitemid 44846012)
56. S.J. Foley, P. De Winter, J.P. McFarlane, P.J. Shah, and G. Bahadur Storage of sperm and embryos. Cryopreservation of sperm should be offered to men with testicular cancer Br. Med. J. 313 1996 1078
57. B. Fuller, and S. Paynter Fundamentals of cryobiology in reproductive medicine Reprod. Biomed. Online 9 2004 680 691 (Pubitemid 40028887)
58. L. Gandini, P. Sgro, and F. Lombardo Effect of chemo- or radiotherapy on sperm parameters of testicular cancer patients Hum. Reprod. 21 2006 2882 2889 (Pubitemid 44567002)
59. G. Gatta, G. Zigon, and R. Capocaccia Survival of European children and young adults with cancer diagnosed 1995-2002 Eur. J. Cancer 45 2009 992 1005
60. M. Geens, E. Goossens, G. De Block, L. Ning, D. Van Saen, and H. Tournaye Autologous spermatogonial stem cell transplantation in man: current obstacles for a future clinical application Hum. Reprod. Update 14 2008 121 130
61. L.M. Glode, J. Robinson, and S.F. Gould Protection from cyclophosphamide-induced testicular damage with an analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone Lancet 1 1981 1132 1134 (Pubitemid 11105800)
62. S. Gonfloni, L. Di Tella, and S. Caldarola Inhibition of the c-Abl-TAp63 pathway protects mouse oocytes from chemotherapy-induced death Nat. Med. 15 2009 1179 1185
63. D.A. Gook, D.H. Edgar, J. Borg, J. Archer, P.J. Lutjen, and J.C. McBain Oocyte maturation, follicle rupture and luteinization in human cryopreserved ovarian tissue following xenografting Hum. Reprod. 18 2003 1772 1781 (Pubitemid 37107547)
64. E. Goossens, M. Geens, G. De Block, and H. Tournaye Spermatogonial survival in long-term human prepubertal xenografts Fertil. Steril. 90 2008 2019 2022
65. R.G. Gosden, J. Mullan, H.M. Picton, H. Yin, and S.L. Tan Current perspective on primordial follicle cryopreservation and culture for reproductive medicine Hum. Reprod. Update 8 2002 105 110 (Pubitemid 34428961)
66. D.M. Green, C.A. Sklar, and J.D. Boice Ovarian failure and reproductive outcomes after childhood cancer treatment: results from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study J. Clin. Oncol. 27 2009 2374 2381
67. J.E. Hall, K.A. Martin, H.A. Whitney, H. Landy, and W.F. Crowley Jr. Potential for fertility with replacement of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone in long term female survivors of cranial tumors J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 79 1994 1166 1172
68. O. Hovatta Methods for cryopreservation of human ovarian tissue Reprod. Biomed. Online 10 2005 729 734 (Pubitemid 40796939)
69. O. Hovatta, R. Silye, and T. Krausz Cryopreservation of human ovarian tissue using dimethylsulphoxide and propanediol-sucrose as cryoprotectants Hum. Reprod. 11 1996 1268 1272 (Pubitemid 26245329)
70. O. Hovatta, R. Silye, R. Abir, T. Krausz, and R.M. Winston Extracellular matrix improves survival of both stored and fresh human primordial and primary ovarian follicles in long-term culture Hum. Reprod. 12 1997 1032 1036 (Pubitemid 27271766)
71. J.G. Hreinsson, J.E. Scott, C. Rasmussen, M.L. Swahn, A.J. Hsueh, and O. Hovatta Growth differentiation factor-9 promotes the growth, development, and survival of human ovarian follicles in organ culture J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 87 2002 316 321 (Pubitemid 34084708)
72. J.Y. Huang, T. Tulandi, H. Holzer, S.L. Tan, and R.C. Chian Combining ovarian tissue cryobanking with retrieval of immature oocytes followed by in vitro maturation and vitrification: an additional strategy of fertility preservation Fertil. Steril. 89 2008 567 572 (Pubitemid 351335045)
73. M. Imhof, H. Bergmeister, M. Lipovac, M. Rudas, G. Hofstetter, and J. Huber Orthotopic microvascular reanastomosis of whole cryopreserved ovine ovaries resulting in pregnancy and live birth Fertil. Steril. 85 Suppl. 1 2006 1208 1215
74. E. Isachenko, G. Rahimi, V. Isachenko, and F. Nawroth In-vitro maturation of germinal-vesicle oocytes and cryopreservation in metaphase I/II: a possible additional option to preserve fertility during ovarian tissue cryopreservation Reprod. Biomed. Online 8 2004 553 557 (Pubitemid 38660482)
75. D.H. Johnson, R. Linde, and J.D. Hainsworth Effect of a luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonist given during combination chemotherapy on posttherapy fertility in male patients with lymphoma: preliminary observations Blood 65 1985 832 836 (Pubitemid 15115508)
76. B. Kallen, O. Finnstrom, K.G. Nygren, and P.O. Olausson In vitro fertilization (IVF) in Sweden: infant outcome after different IVF fertilization methods Fertil. Steril. 84 2005 611 617 (Pubitemid 41317718)
77. S.S. Kim, I.T. Hwang, and H.C. Lee Heterotopic autotransplantation of cryobanked human ovarian tissue as a strategy to restore ovarian function Fertil. Steril. 82 2004 930 932 (Pubitemid 39346442)
78. S.S. Kim, W.S. Lee, M.K. Chung, H.C. Lee, H.H. Lee, and D. Hill Long-term ovarian function and fertility after heterotopic autotransplantation of cryobanked human ovarian tissue: 8-year experience in cancer patients Fertil. Steril. 91 2009 2349 2354
79. E.D. Kreuser, W.D. Hetzel, R. Hautmann, and E.F. Pfeiffer Reproductive toxicity with and without LHRHA administration during adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with germ cell tumors Horm. Metab. Res. 22 1990 494 498 (Pubitemid 20336316)
80. M. Kuwayama, G. Vajta, O. Kato, and S.P. Leibo Highly efficient vitrification method for cryopreservation of human oocytes Reprod. Biomed. Online 11 2005 300 308 (Pubitemid 41269568)
81. E.C. Larsen, J. Muller, K. Schmiegelow, C. Rechnitzer, and A.N. Andersen Reduced ovarian function in long-term survivors of radiation- and chemotherapy-treated childhood cancer J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 88 2003 5307 5314 (Pubitemid 37452732)
82. A. Lass The fertility potential of women with a single ovary Hum. Reprod. Update 5 1999 546 550 (Pubitemid 29512141)
83. A. Lass, F. Akagbosu, and P. Brinsden Sperm banking and assisted reproduction treatment for couples following cancer treatment of the male partner Hum. Reprod. Update 7 2001 370 377 (Pubitemid 32655322)
84. S.J. Lee, L.R. Schover, and A.H. Partridge American society of clinical oncology recommendations on fertility preservation in cancer patients J. Clin. Oncol. 24 2006 2917 2931 (Pubitemid 46655598)
85. M.D. Littley, S.M. Shalet, C.G. Beardwell, E.L. Robinson, and M.L. Sutton Radiation-induced hypopituitarism is dose-dependent Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf). 31 1989 363 373 (Pubitemid 19219244)
86. H. Louhio, O. Hovatta, J. Sjoberg, and T. Tuuri The effects of insulin, and insulin-like growth factors I and II on human ovarian follicles in long-term culture Mol. Hum. Reprod. 6 2000 694 698 (Pubitemid 30625859)
87. K.E. Loutradi, E.M. Kolibianakis, and C.A. Venetis Cryopreservation of human embryos by vitrification or slow freezing: a systematic review and meta-analysis Fertil. Steril. 90 2008 186 193 (Pubitemid 351885199)
88. A. Madrigrano, L. Westphal, and I. Wapnir Egg retrieval with cryopreservation does not delay breast cancer treatment Am. J. Surg. 194 2007 477 481 (Pubitemid 47361049)
89. B. Martinez-Madrid, M.M. Dolmans, A. Van Langendonckt, S. Defrere, and J. Donnez Freeze-thawing intact human ovary with its vascular pedicle with a passive cooling device Fertil. Steril. 82 2004 1390 1394 (Pubitemid 39469465)
90. B. Martinez-Madrid, A. Camboni, M.M. Dolmans, S. Nottola, A. Van Langendonckt, and J. Donnez Apoptosis and ultrastructural assessment after cryopreservation of whole human ovaries with their vascular pedicle Fertil. Steril. 87 2007 1153 1165 (Pubitemid 46659931)
91. D. Meirow, and D. Nugent The effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy on female reproduction Hum. Reprod. Update 7 2001 535 543 (Pubitemid 33069611)
92. D. Meirow, G. Assad, J. Dor, and J. Rabinovici The GnRH antagonist cetrorelix reduces cyclophosphamide-induced ovarian follicular destruction in mice Hum. Reprod. 19 2004 1294 1299 (Pubitemid 38807699)
93. D. Meirow, J. Levron, and T. Eldar-Geva Pregnancy after transplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue in a patient with ovarian failure after chemotherapy N. Engl. J. Med. 353 2005 318 321 (Pubitemid 41058339)
94. D. Meirow, J. Levron, and T. Eldar-Geva Monitoring the ovaries after autotransplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue: endocrine studies, in vitro fertilization cycles, and live birth Fertil. Steril. 87 2007 418
95. D. Meirow, I. Hardan, and J. Dor Searching for evidence of disease and malignant cell contamination in ovarian tissue stored from hematologic cancer patients Hum. Reprod. 23 2008 1007 1013 (Pubitemid 351757322)
96. M.L. Meistrich, M. Finch, M.F. da Cunha, U. Hacker, and W.W. Au Damaging effects of fourteen chemotherapeutic drugs on mouse testis cells Cancer Res. 42 1982 122 131 (Pubitemid 12207259)
97. S. Menon, N. Rives, and N. Mousset-Simeon Fertility preservation in adolescent males: experience over 22 years at Rouen University Hospital Hum. Reprod. 24 2009 37 44
98. Y. Morita, G.I. Perez, and F. Paris Oocyte apoptosis is suppressed by disruption of the acid sphingomyelinase gene or by sphingosine-1-phosphate therapy Nat. Med. 6 2000 1109 1114
99. T. Mukaida, S. Nakamura, T. Tomiyama, S. Wada, M. Kasai, and K. Takahashi Successful birth after transfer of vitrified human blastocysts with use of a cryoloop containerless technique Fertil. Steril. 76 2001 618 620
100. Y. Nakajo, N. Fukunaga, and K. Fuchinoue Physical and mental development of children after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer Reprod. Med. Biol. 13 2004 63 67 (Pubitemid 40631933)
101. H. Newton, Y. Aubard, A. Rutherford, V. Sharma, and R. Gosden Low temperature storage and grafting of human ovarian tissue Hum. Reprod. 11 1996 1487 1491 (Pubitemid 26335099)
102. M.A. Nowshari, and G. Brem Effect of cryoprotectants and their concentration on post-thaw survival and development of expanded mouse blastocysts frozen by a simple rapid-freezing procedure Theriogenology 50 1998 1001 1013 (Pubitemid 28558310)
103. M.J. O'Brien, J.K. Pendola, and J.J. Eppig A revised protocol for in vitro development of mouse oocytes from primordial follicles dramatically improves their developmental competence Biol. Reprod. 68 2003 1682 1686 (Pubitemid 36519772)
104. M. O'Donovan An evaluation of chromatin condensation and DNA integrity in the spermatozoa of men with cancer before and after therapy Andrologia 37 2005 83 90 (Pubitemid 43073068)
105. K. Oktay Spontaneous conceptions and live birth after heterotopic ovarian transplantation: is there a germline stem cell connection? Hum. Reprod. 21 2006 1345 1348 (Pubitemid 44445008)
106. K. Oktay, and G. Karlikaya Ovarian function after transplantation of frozen, banked autologous ovarian tissue N. Engl. J. Med. 342 2000 1919 (Pubitemid 30419063)
107. K. Oktay, and O. Oktem Ovarian cryopreservation and transplantation for fertility preservation for medical indications: report of an ongoing experience Fertil. Steril. 93 2010 762 768
108. K. Oktay, E. Buyuk, O. Davis, I. Yermakova, L. Veeck, and Z. Rosenwaks Fertility preservation in breast cancer patients: IVF and embryo cryopreservation after ovarian stimulation with tamoxifen Hum. Reprod. 18 2003 90 95 (Pubitemid 36138857)
109. K. Oktay, E. Buyuk, Z. Rosenwaks, and J. Rucinski A technique for transplantation of ovarian cortical strips to the forearm Fertil. Steril. 80 2003 193 198 (Pubitemid 36814063)
110. K. Oktay, E. Buyuk, and L. Veeck Embryo development after heterotopic transplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue Lancet 363 2004 837 840 (Pubitemid 38368830)
111. K. Oktay, E. Buyuk, N. Libertella, M. Akar, and Z. Rosenwaks Fertility preservation in breast cancer patients: a prospective controlled comparison of ovarian stimulation with tamoxifen and letrozole for embryo cryopreservation J. Clin. Oncol. 23 2005 4347 4353 (Pubitemid 46207008)
112. O. Oktem, and K. Oktay A novel ovarian xenografting model to characterize the impact of chemotherapy agents on human primordial follicle reserve Cancer Res. 67 2007 10159 10162 (Pubitemid 350070787)
113. K.E. Orwig, and S. Schlatt Cryopreservation and transplantation of spermatogonia and testicular tissue for preservation of male fertility J. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monogr. 34 2005 51 56
114. F. Paris, G.I. Perez, and Z. Fuks Sphingosine 1-phosphate preserves fertility in irradiated female mice without propagating genomic damage in offspring Nat. Med. 8 2002 901 902 (Pubitemid 35033673)
115. A.H. Partridge, S. Gelber, and J. Peppercorn Web-based survey of fertility issues in young women with breast cancer J. Clin. Oncol. 22 2004 4174 4183 (Pubitemid 41185188)
116. J.A. Petrek, M.J. Naughton, and L.D. Case Incidence, time course, and determinants of menstrual bleeding after breast cancer treatment: a prospective study J. Clin. Oncol. 24 2006 1045 1051 (Pubitemid 46638800)
117. H.M. Picton, S.E. Harris, W. Muruvi, and E.L. Chambers The in vitro growth and maturation of follicles Reproduction 136 2008 703 715
118. D.R. Plowchalk, and D.R. Mattison Phosphoramide mustard is responsible for the ovarian toxicity of cyclophosphamide Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 107 1991 472 481
119. J.A. Radford, B.A. Lieberman, and D.R. Brison Orthotopic reimplantation of cryopreserved ovarian cortical strips after high-dose chemotherapy for Hodgkin's lymphoma Lancet 357 2001 1172 1175 (Pubitemid 32378690)
120. W.F. Rall, and G.M. Fahy Ice-free cryopreservation of mouse embryos at -196 degrees C by vitrification Nature 313 1985 573 575 (Pubitemid 15172417)
121. A. Revel, and J. Schenker Ovarian tissue banking for cancer patients: is ovarian cortex cryopreservation presently justified? Hum. Reprod. 19 2004 14 19 (Pubitemid 38072001)
122. A. Revel, M. Koler, A. Simon, A. Lewin, N. Laufer, and A. Safran Oocyte collection during cryopreservation of the ovarian cortex Fertil. Steril. 79 2003 1237 1239 (Pubitemid 36547870)
123. M. Rosendahl, A. Loft, and A.G. Byskov Biochemical pregnancy after fertilization of an oocyte aspirated from a heterotopic autotransplant of cryopreserved ovarian tissue: case report Hum. Reprod. 21 2006 2006 2009 (Pubitemid 44288073)
124. M. Rosendahl, C.Y. Andersen, and E. Ernst Ovarian function after removal of an entire ovary for cryopreservation of pieces of cortex prior to gonadotoxic treatment: a follow-up study Hum. Reprod. 23 2008 2475 2483
125. M. Rosendahl, C.Y. Andersen, N. la Cour Freiesleben, A. Juul, K. Lossl, and A.N. Andersen Dynamics and mechanisms of chemotherapy-induced ovarian follicular depletion in women of fertile age Fertil. Steril. 94 2010 156 166
126. Rosendahl, M., Andersen, M.T., Ralfkiaer, E., Kjeldsen, L., Andersen, M.K., Andersen, C.Y., 2010b. Evidence of residual disease in cryopreserved ovarian cortex from female patients with leukemia. Fertil. Steril. Jan 23. [Epub ahead of print].
127. Royal College of Physicians, The Royal College of Radiologists, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists 2007 The effects of cancer treatment on reproductive functions. Guidance on management. Report of a Working Party November 2007.
128. U. Rueffer, K. Breuer, and A. Josting Male gonadal dysfunction in patients with Hodgkin's disease prior to treatment Ann. Oncol. 12 2001 1307 1311 (Pubitemid 32994762)
129. M. Sanchez-Serrano, E. Novella-Maestre, E. Rosello-Sastre, N. Camarasa, J. Teruel, and A. Pellicer Malignant cells are not found in ovarian cortex from breast cancer patients undergoing ovarian cortex cryopreservation Hum. Reprod. 24 2009 2238 2243
130. M. Sanchez-Serrano, J. Crespo, and V. Mirabet Twins born after transplantation of ovarian cortical tissue and oocyte vitrification Fertil. Steril. 93 2010 268.e11 268.e13
131. R.L. Schilsky, R.J. Sherins, S.M. Hubbard, M.N. Wesley, R.C. Young, and V.T. DeVita Long-term follow up of ovarian function in women treated with MOPP chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease Am. J. Med. 71 1981 552 556 (Pubitemid 12140420)
132. L.R. Schover Patient attitudes toward fertility preservation Pediatr. Blood Cancer 53 2009 281 284
133. L.R. Schover, K. Brey, A. Lichtin, L.I. Lipshultz, and S. Jeha Knowledge and experience regarding cancer, infertility, and sperm banking in younger male survivors J. Clin. Oncol. 20 2002 1880 1889 (Pubitemid 34273280)
134. L.R. Schover, K. Brey, A. Lichtin, L.I. Lipshultz, and S. Jeha Oncologists' attitudes and practices regarding banking sperm before cancer treatment J. Clin. Oncol. 20 2002 1890 1897 (Pubitemid 34273281)
135. S.M. Shalet, A. Tsatsoulis, E. Whitehead, and G. Read Vulnerability of the human Leydig cell to radiation damage is dependent upon age J. Endocrinol. 120 1989 161 165 (Pubitemid 19022053)
136. J. Shaw, and A. Trounson Oncological implications in the replacement of ovarian tissue Hum. Reprod. 12 1997 403 405 (Pubitemid 27156422)
137. J.M. Shaw, J. Bowles, P. Koopman, E.C. Wood, and A.O. Trounson Fresh and cryopreserved ovarian tissue samples from donors with lymphoma transmit the cancer to graft recipients Hum. Reprod. 11 1996 1668 1673 (Pubitemid 26318907)
138. W. Shih, D.D. Rushford, and H. Bourne Factors affecting low birthweight after assisted reproduction technology: difference between transfer of fresh and cryopreserved embryos suggests an adverse effect of oocyte collection Hum. Reprod. 23 2008 1644 1653 (Pubitemid 351809716)
139. S.J. Silber, M. DeRosa, and J. Pineda A series of monozygotic twins discordant for ovarian failure: ovary transplantation (cortical versus microvascular) and cryopreservation Hum. Reprod. 23 2008 1531 1537 (Pubitemid 351809695)
140. S.J. Silber, G. Grudzinskas, and R.G. Gosden Successful pregnancy after microsurgical transplantation of an intact ovary N. Engl. J. Med. 359 2008 2617 2618
141. Siristatidis, C.S., Maheshwari, A., Bhattacharya, S., 2009. In vitro maturation in sub fertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome undergoing assisted reproduction. Cochrane. Database Syst. Rev. CD006606.
142. Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology. 2008. Clinic Summary Report. Available from: < https://www.sartcorsonline.com/rptCSR- PublicMultYear.aspx? ClinicPKID = 0> (accessed 7.09.10).
143. W.Y. Son, S.E. Park, and K.A. Lee Effects of 1,2-propanediol and freezing-thawing on the in vitro developmental capacity of human immature oocytes Fertil. Steril. 66 1996 995 999
144. M. Sonmezer, and K. Oktay Fertility preservation in young women undergoing breast cancer therapy Oncologist 11 2006 422 434 (Pubitemid 43788268)
145. J.R. Spermon, L. Ramos, and A.M. Wetzels Sperm integrity pre- and post-chemotherapy in men with testicular germ cell cancer Hum. Reprod. 21 2006 1781 1786 (Pubitemid 44028250)
146. J.B. Stukenborg, S. Schlatt, and M. Simoni New horizons for in vitro spermatogenesis? An update on novel three-dimensional culture systems as tools for meiotic and postmeiotic differentiation of testicular germ cells Mol. Hum. Reprod. 15 2009 521 529
147. A.G. Sutcliffe, S.W. D'Souza, J. Cadman, B. Richards, I.A. McKinlay, and B. Lieberman Outcome in children from cryopreserved embryos Arch. Dis. Child. 72 1995 290 293
148. E.E. Telfer, M. McLaughlin, C. Ding, and K.J. Thong A two-step serum-free culture system supports development of human oocytes from primordial follicles in the presence of activin Hum. Reprod. 23 2008 1151 1158 (Pubitemid 351757334)
149. B. Thewes, B. Meiser, and A. Taylor Fertility- and menopause-related information needs of younger women with a diagnosis of early breast cancer J. Clin. Oncol. 23 2005 5155 5165 (Pubitemid 46224024)
150. A.B. Thomson, A.J. Campbell, D.C. Irvine, R.A. Anderson, C.J. Kelnar, and W.H. Wallace Semen quality and spermatozoal DNA integrity in survivors of childhood cancer: a case-control study Lancet 360 2002 361 367
151. M.J. Tucker, G. Wright, P.C. Morton, and J.B. Massey Birth after cryopreservation of immature oocytes with subsequent in vitro maturation Fertil. Steril. 70 1998 578 579 (Pubitemid 28435652)
152. L.L. Veeck, J.W. Wortham Jr., and J. Witmyer Maturation and fertilization of morphologically immature human oocytes in a program of in vitro fertilization Fertil. Steril. 39 1983 594 602 (Pubitemid 13088039)
153. S. von Otte, M. Thill, and B. Schopper Fertility preservation in breast cancer: oocyte freezing after IVM and ovarian cortex cryopreservation versus oocyte freezing after modified stimulation Hum. Reprod. 23 2009 i149 i150
154. M. von Wolff, C.J. Thaler, and T. Frambach Ovarian stimulation to
155. W.H. Wallace, and D.A. Walker Conference consensus statement: ethical and research dilemmas for fertility preservation in children treated for cancer Hum. Fertil. (Camb). 4 2001 69 76 (Pubitemid 32454580)
156. W.H. Wallace, A.B. Thomson, and T.W. Kelsey The radiosensitivity of the human oocyte Hum. Reprod. 18 2003 117 121 (Pubitemid 36138861)
157. W.H. Wallace, R.A. Anderson, and D.S. Irvine Fertility preservation for young patients with cancer: who is at risk and what can be offered? Lancet Oncol. 6 2005 209 218 (Pubitemid 40450712)
158. X. Wang, H. Chen, H. Yin, S.S. Kim, T.S. Lin, and R.G. Gosden Fertility after intact ovary transplantation Nature 415 2002 385 (Pubitemid 34100940)
159. Y.A. Wang, E.A. Sullivan, D. Black, J. Dean, J. Bryant, and M. Chapman Preterm birth and low birth weight after assisted reproductive technology-related pregnancy in Australia between 1996 and 2000 Fertil. Steril. 83 2005 1650 1658 (Pubitemid 40824795)
160. J.H. Waxman, R. Ahmed, and D. Smith Failure to preserve fertility in patients with Hodgkin's disease Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 19 1987 159 162 (Pubitemid 17059373)
161. U.B. Wennerholm, K. Albertsson-Wikland, and C. Bergh Postnatal growth and health in children born after cryopreservation as embryos Lancet 351 1998 1085 1090 (Pubitemid 28162199)
162. U.B. Wennerholm, V. Soderstrom-Anttila, and C. Bergh Children born after cryopreservation of embryos or oocytes: a systematic review of outcome data Hum. Reprod. 24 2009 2158 2172
163. E.R. West, L.D. Shea, and T.K. Woodruff Engineering the follicle microenvironment Semin. Reprod. Med. 25 2007 287 299 (Pubitemid 47047912)
164. E.R. West, M.B. Zelinski, and L.A. Kondapalli Preserving female fertility following cancer treatment: current options and future possibilities Pediatr. Blood Cancer 53 2009 289 295
165. D.G. Whittingham, S.P. Leibo, and P. Mazur Survival of mouse embryos frozen to -196 degrees and -269 degrees C Science 178 1972 411 414
166. J.F. Winther, J.D. Boice Jr., and K. Frederiksen Radiotherapy for childhood cancer and risk for congenital malformations in offspring: a population-based cohort study Clin. Genet. 75 2009 50 56
167. P. Wolner-Hanssen, L. Hagglund, F. Ploman, A. Ramirez, R. Manthorpe, and A. Thuring Autotransplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue to the right forearm 4(1/2) years after autologous stem cell transplantation Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. 84 2005 695 698 (Pubitemid 40917395)
168. C.S. Wright, O. Hovatta, and R. Margara Effects of follicle-stimulating hormone and serum substitution on the in-vitro growth of human ovarian follicles Hum. Reprod. 14 1999 1555 1562 (Pubitemid 29265451)
169. G.H. Zeilmaker, A.T. Alberda, I. van Gent, C.M. Rijkmans, and A.C. Drogendijk Two pregnancies following transfer of intact frozen-thawed embryos Fertil. Steril. 42 1984 293 296 (Pubitemid 14093055)