Schedule optimization of time-triggered systems communicating over the flexray static segment

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics

Volumn 7, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 1-17

  Zeng, Haibo ^a   Di Natale, Marco ^b   Ghosal, Arkadeb ^c   Sangiovanni Vincentelli, Alberto ^d  

^a GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION   (United States)

^b SCUOLA SUPERIORE SANT ANNA   (Italy)

^c National Instruments Engineering Berkeley   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Automotive; FlexRay; mixed integer linear programming (MILP); real time distributed systems; scheduling

Indexed keywords

AUTOMOTIVE; AUTOMOTIVE DOMAINS; DYNAMIC SEGMENTS; EVENT-TRIGGERED; FLEXRAY; INDUSTRY STANDARDS; MIXED INTEGER LINEAR PROGRAMMING; MIXED-INTEGER LINEAR PROGRAMMING (MILP); NEW HIGH; PRIORITY-BASED SCHEDULING; PROTOTYPE VEHICLES; REAL-TIME DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS; SCHEDULING PROBLEM; SYSTEM SCHEDULING; TASK-SCHEDULING; TIME-TRIGGERED SYSTEMS; TIMING CONSTRAINTS; X-BY-WIRE;

COMMUNICATION; DISTRIBUTED COMPUTER SYSTEMS; INTEGER PROGRAMMING; OPTIMIZATION; REAL TIME SYSTEMS; SCHEDULING; TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS; TIMING CIRCUITS;

LINEAR PROGRAMMING;

EID: 79951576405     PISSN: 15513203     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TII.2010.2089465     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. "The Mathworks Simulink User Manual." [Online]. Available: http:// www.mathworks.com
2. Iso 11898-1. Road Vehicles-Interchange of Digital Information- Controller Area Network (CAN) for High-Speed Communication, ISO Standard-11898., International Standards Organization (ISO), Nov. 1993.
3. Road Vehicles-Controller Area Network (CAN) Part 4: Time-Triggered Communication, ISO Standard-11898-4, International Standards Organization (ISO), 2004.
4. Osek/vdx Operating System Specification ver. 2.2.3, Feb. 2005. [Online]. Available: http://www.osek-vdx.org
5. K. J. Astrom and B. Wittenmark, Computer-Controlled Systems: Theory and Design, 3rd ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1997.
6. J. Berwanger, M. Peller, and R. Griessbach, "Byteflight-A new highperformance data bus system for safety-related applications." 2004. [Online]. Available: http://www.byteflight.com
7. J. Broy and K. D. Muller-Glaser, "The impact of time-triggered communication in automotive embedded systems," in Proc. SIES Conf., 2007, pp. 353-356.
8. P. Caspi, A. Curic, A. Maignan, C. Sofronis, S. Tripakis, and P. Niebert, "From simulink to scade/ lustre to TTA: A layered approach for distributed embedded applications," SigPlan Not., vol. 38, no. 7, pp. 153-162, 2003.
9. G. Cena and A. Valenzano, "Performance analysis of byteflight networks," in Proc. IEEE Int. Workshop on Factory Commun. Syst., 2004, pp. 157-166. (Pubitemid 40575215)
10. The Autosar Consortium. Autosar Flexray Interface Driver Specification ver. 4.0. [Online]. Available: www.autosar.org, 2010
11. IBM CPLEX. [Online]. Available: http://www.ibm.com/software/integration/ optimization/cplex-optimizer/ ver. 11.0
12. S. Ding, N. Murakami, H. Tomiyama, and H. Takada, "A GA-based scheduling method for flexray systems," in Proc. 5th EMSOFT Conf., 2005, pp. 110-113. (Pubitemid 41833005)
13. P. Eles, Z. Peng, P. Pop, and A. Doboli, "Scheduling with bus access optimization for distributed embedded systems," IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Integr. Syst., vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 472-491, 2000. (Pubitemid 32255524)
14. J. Ferreira, P. Pedreiras, L. Almeida, and J. A. Fonseca, "The FTT-CAN protocol for flexibility in safety-critical systems," IEEE Micro, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 46-55, 2002. (Pubitemid 34979924)
15. FlexRay. Flexray Communications System Protocol Specification, ver. 2.1, revision a. [Online]. Available: http://www.flexray.com
16. M. Grenier, L. Havet, and N. Navet, "Configuring the communication on flexray: The case of the static segment," in Proc. 4th Eur. Congr. Embedded Real Time Software: ERTS'08, Toulouse, France, Jan. 29-Feb. 1 2008.
17. A. Hagiescu, U. D. Bordoloi, S. Chakraborty, P. Sampath, P. V. V. Ganesan, and S. Ramesh, "Performance analysis of flexray-based ECU networks," in Proc. 44th DAC Conf., 2007, pp. 284-289. (Pubitemid 47129974)
18. A. Hamann and R. Ernst, "TDMA time slot and turn optimization with evolutionary search techniques," in Proc. DATE Conf., 2005, pp. 312-317.
19. A. Hamann, R. Henia, R. Racu, M. Jersak, K. Richter, and R. Ernst, Symta/s-Symbolic Timing Analysis for Systems. [Online].Available: http://www.symta.org 2004
20. H. Kopetz and G. Bauer, "The time-triggered architecture," Proc. IEEE, pp. 112-126, 2003.
21. K. Lakshmanan, G. Bhatia Bhatia, and R. Rajkumar, "Integrated end-to-end timing analysis of networked autosar-compliant systems," in Proc. 13th Design, Autom. Test in Europe Conf. (DATE), 2010, pp. 331-334.
22. M. Lukasiewycz, M. Glaß, J. Teich, and P. Milbredt, "Flexray schedule optimization of the static segment," in Proc. 7th IEEE/ACM Int. Conf. Hardware/Software Codesign and System Synthesis; CODES+ISSS'09: , 2009, pp. 363-372.
23. S. Martello and D. Vigo, "Exact solution of the two-dimensional finite bin packing problem," Manage. Sci., vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 388-399, 1998. (Pubitemid 128568186)
24. M. Di Natale and J. A. Stankovic, "Dynamic end-to-end guarantees in distributed real time systems," in Proc. IEEE Real-Time Systems Symp.: RTSS'94: , 1994, pp. 216-227.
25. M. Di Natale and H. Zeng, "Time determinism and semantics preservation in the implementation of distributed functions over flexray," Society of Automotive Eng. World Congr., 2010.
26. N. Navet, Y. Song, F. Simonot-Lion, and C. Wilwert, "Trends in automotive communication systems," Proc. IEEE, vol. 93, no. 6, pp. 1204-1223, 2005.
27. P. Pop, P. Eles, and Z. Peng, "Schedulability-driven communication synthesis for time-triggered embedded systems," Real-Time Systems, vol. 24, pp. 297-325, 2004.
28. T. Pop, P. Pop, P. Eles, Z. Peng, and A. Andrei, "Timing analysis of the flexray communication protocol," in Proc. ECRTS'06, 2006, pp. 203-399.
29. T. Pop, P. Pop, P. Eles, Z. Peng, and A. Andrei, "Timing analysis of the flexray communication protocol," Real-Time Syst., vol. 39, no. 1-3, pp. 205-235, 2008. (Pubitemid 351326994)
30. J. M. Rushby, "Bus architectures for safety-critical embedded systems," in Proc. 1st Int. Workshop on Embedded Software: EMSOFT '01, 2001, pp. 306-323.
31. K. Schmidt and E. G. Schmidt, "Message scheduling for the flexray protocol: The static segment," IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 58, no. 5, pp. 2170-2179, 2008.
32. S. Tripakis, C. Pinello, A. Benveniste, A. Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, P. Caspi, and M. Di Natale, "Implementing synchronous models on loosely time-triggered architectures," IEEE Trans. Computers, vol. 57, no. 10, pp. 1300-1314, Oct. 2008.
33. H. Zeng, W. Zheng, M. Di Natale, A. Ghosal, P. Giusto, and A. Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, "Scheduling the flexray bus using optimization techniques," in Proc. 46th Annu. Design Autom. Conf.: DAC '09, 2009, pp. 874-877.