Simulation of crack growth during hydrostatic testing of pipeline steel in near-neutral pH environment

Corrosion Science

Volumn 53, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 968-975

  Kang, Yongwang ^a   Chen, Weixing ^a   Kania, Richard ^b   Boven, Gregory Van ^c   Worthingham, Robert ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

^b TRANSCANADA PIPELINES LIMITED   (Canada)

^c Spectra Energy Transmission   (Canada)

Author keywords

A. Steel; B. SEM; C. Hydrogen embrittlement; C. Stress corrosion

Indexed keywords

A. STEEL; C. HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT; C. STRESS CORROSION; CRACK ADVANCE; CRACK DIMENSIONS; CRACK GROWTH; CRACKING MECHANISMS; HIGH STRESS; HYDRO STATIC TESTING; HYDROSTATIC LOADING; LOADING RATE; NEAR-NEUTRAL PH; PIPELINE STEEL; ROOM TEMPERATURE; SEM; SOIL ENVIRONMENT;

CRACK TIPS; CREEP; CREEP TESTING; HYDRAULICS; HYDRODYNAMICS; HYDROGEN; LOADING; RESIDUAL STRESSES; SOIL TESTING; STEEL PIPE; STEEL TESTING; STRESS ANALYSIS; STRESS CORROSION CRACKING;

HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT;

EID: 78751572878     PISSN: 0010938X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2010.11.029     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. National Energy Board of Canada, Public inquiry concerning stress corrosion cracking on Canadian oil and gas pipeline, 1996, MH-2-95.
2. Beavers J.A., Harle B.A. Mechanisms of high-pH and near-neutral-pH SCC of underground pipelines. J. Offshore Mech. Arct. 2001, 123:147-151.
3. Fang B.Y., Atrens A., Wang J.Q., Han E.H., Zhu Z.Y., Ke W. Review of stress corrosion cracking of pipeline steels in " low" and " high" pH solutions. J. Mater. Sci. 2003, 38:127-132.
4. R.N. Parkins, A review of stress corrosion cracking of high pressure gas pipelines, Corrosion 2000, NACE International, Houston, 2000, Paper No. 00363.
5. Fang B.Y., Han E.H., Zhu Z.Y., Wang J.Q., Ke W. Stress corrosion cracking of pipeline steels. J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 2002, 18:3-6.
6. Canadian Energy Pipeline Association, Stress corrosion cracking - Recommend practices, CEPA, 2007.
7. Brongers M.P.H., Beavers J.A., Jaske C.E., Delanty B.S. Effect of hydrostatic testing on ductile tearing of X-65 line pipe steel with stress corrosion cracks. Corrosion 2000, 56:1050-1058.
8. J.A. Beavers, C.E. Jaske, Near neutral pH SCC in pipelines: effect of pressure fluctuations on crack propagation, Corrosion 98, NACE International, Houston, 1998, Paper No. 257.
9. B.N. Leis, F.W. Brust, Hydrostest strategies for gas transmission pipelines based on ductile-flaw-growth considerations, NG-18 Report No. 194, 1992.
10. W. Chen, R. Sutherby, Laboratory simulation of hydrostatic test in near-neutral pH soil environments, in: International Pipeline Conference 2006, Calgary, Canada, pp. 25-29.
11. Chen W., Kania R., Worthingham R., Boven G.V. Tansgranular crack growth in the pipeline steels exposed to near-neutral pH soil aqueous solutions: the role of hydrogen. Acta Mater. 2009, 57:6200-6214.
12. Chen W., King F., Vokes E. Characteristics of near-neutral-pH stress corrosion cracks in an X-65 pipeline. Corrosion 2002, 58:267-275.
13. S. Asher, P.M. Singh, Hydrogen production and permeation of X-65 pipeline steel in near-neutral pH environments, Corrosion 2008, NACE International, Houston, 2008, Paper No. 08411.
14. Lu B.T., Luo J.L., Norton P.R., Ma H.Y. Effect of dissolved hydrogen and elastic and plastic deformation on active dissolution of pipeline steel in anaerobic groundwater of near-neutral pH. Acta Mater. 2009, 57:41-49.
15. Lu B.T., Luo J.L., Norton P.R. Environmentally assisted cracking mechanism of pipeline steel in near-neutral pH groundwater. Corros. Sci. 2010, 52:1787-1795.
16. Wang R. Effects of hydrogen on the fracture toughness of a X70 pipeline steel. Corros. Sci. 2009, 51:2803-2810.
17. Gangloff R.P. Hydrogen-assisted cracking. Comprehensive Structure Integrity, volume 6: Environmentally-Assisted Fracture 2003, 31-34. Elsevier, Oxford. I. Milne, R.O. Ritchie, B. Karihaloo (Eds.).
18. Anderson T.L. Fracture Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications 2005, CRC press, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton. third ed.
19. Chen W., Van Boven G., Rogge R. The role of residual stress in neutral pH stress corrosion cracking of pipeline steels - Part II: Crack dormancy. Acta Mater. 2007, 55:43-53.
20. Wang S., Chen W. A study on the pre-cyclic-load-induced burst of creep deformation of a pipeline steel under subsequent static load. Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. 2002, 325:141-145.
21. Hörnlund E., Fossen J.K.T., Hauger S., Haugen C., Havn T., Hemmingsen T. Hydrogen diffusivities and concentrations in 520m carbon steel under cathodic protection in 0.5m NaCl and the effect of added sulphite, dithionite, thiosulphate, and sulphide. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 2007, 2:82-92.
22. W. Chen, T.R. Jack, F. King, M.J. Wilmott, Hydrogen permeation behavior of X-70 piperline steel in a near-neutral pH soil environment, in: International Pipeline Conference 2000, Calgary, Canada, pp. 953-960.
23. He D.X., Chen W., Luo J.L. Effect of cathodic potential on hydrogen content in a pipeline steel exposed to NS4 near-neutral pH soil solution. Corrosion 2004, 60:778-786.
24. W. Chen, R.L. Eadie, R.L. Sutherby, Environmental effects on near-neutral pH stress corrosion cracking in pipelines, in: Second International Conference on Environment-induced Cracking of Metals, 2004, The Banff Centre, Banff, Alberta, Canada, pp. 211-220.
25. W. Chen, R. Sutherby, Environmental effect of crack growth rate of pipelines steel in near-neutral pH soil environments, in: International Pipeline conference 2004, Calgary, Canada, pp. 123-132.
26. Chen W., Sutherby R.L. Crack growth behavior of pipeline steel in near-neutral pH soil environment. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 2007, 38:1260-1268.