Development and application of a skin cancer slope factor for exposures to benzo[a]pyrene in Soil

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology

Volumn 59, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 101-110

  Knafla, A ^a   Petrovic, S ^b   Richardson, M ^c   Campbell, J ^a   Rowat, C ^b  

^a Equilibrium Environmental Inc   (Canada)

^b HEALTH CANADA   (Canada)

^c SNC LAVALIN INC   (Canada)

Author keywords

Benzo a pyrene; Carcinogenicity; Dermal exposure; Human health risk assessment; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); Skin cancer; Soil

Indexed keywords

ACETONE; BENZO[A]PYRENE;

ARTICLE; CANCER RISK; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; EPIDERMIS; HAIR FOLLICLE; HUMAN; MELANOMA; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SKIN ABSORPTION; SKIN CANCER; SKIN CARCINOGENESIS; SKINFOLD THICKNESS; SOIL; SPECIES COMPARISON; STRATUM CORNEUM;

ADMINISTRATION, CUTANEOUS; ADMINISTRATION, ORAL; ANIMALS; BENZO(A)PYRENE; BODY SURFACE AREA; CARCINOGENICITY TESTS; CARCINOGENS, ENVIRONMENTAL; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; HUMANS; MICE; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; RISK ASSESSMENT; SKIN ABSORPTION; SKIN NEOPLASMS; SOIL POLLUTANTS; SPECIES SPECIFICITY;

MUS;

EID: 78751567798     PISSN: 02732300     EISSN: 10960295     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2010.09.011     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Abdel-Rahman M.S., Skowronski G.A., Turkall R.M. Assessment of the dermal bioavailability of soil-aged benzo(a)pyrene. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment 2002, 8(2):429-441.
2. Ashurst S.W., Cohen G.M., Nesnow S., Digiovanni J., Slaga T.J. Benzo[a]pyrene-induced skin damage and tumor promotion in the mouse. Cancer Research 1983, 43(3):1024-1029.
3. Bernfeld P., Homburger F. Skin painting studies in Syrian hamsters. Progress in Experimental Tumour Research 1983, 26:128-153.
4. Bronaugh R.L., Collier S.W., Macpherson S.E., Kraeling M.E. Influence of metabolism in skin on dosimetry after topical exposure. Environmental Health Perspectives 1994, 102(Suppl. 11):71-74.
5. Cavalieri E., Munhall A., Rogan E., Salmasi S., Patil K. Syncarcinogenic effect of the environmental pollutants cyclopenteno[cd]pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene in mouse skin. Carcinogenesis 1983, 4(4):393-397.
6. Cavalieri E.L., Rogan E., Cremonesci P., Higginbotham S., Salmasi S. Tumorigenicity of 6-halogenated derivatives of benzo(a)pyrene in mouse skin and rat mammary gland. Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology 1988, 114:10-15.
7. Cavalieri E.L., Higginbotham S., Ramakrishna N.V., Devanesan P.D., Todorovic R., Rogan E.G., Salmasi S. Comparative dose-response tumorigenicity studies of dibenzo(a)pyrene versus 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene and two dibenzo(a)pyrene dihydrodiols in mouse skin and rat mammary gland. Carcinogenesis 1991, 12(10):1939-1944.
8. Das M., Bickers D.R., Mukhtar H. Epidermis: the major site of cutaneous benzo(a)pyrene and benzo(a)pyrene 7, 8-diol metabolism in neonatal BALB/c mice. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 1986, 14(6):637-642.
9. Gaylor D.W., Moolgavkar S., Krewski D., Goldstein L. Comment: recent bioassay results on coal tars and benzo(a)pyrene: implications for risk assessment. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 1998, 28:178-179.
10. Gaylor D.W., Culp S.J., Goldstein L.S., Beland F.A. Cancer risk estimation for mixtures of coal tars and benzo[a]pyrene. Risk Analysis 2000, 20:81-85.
11. Grimmer G., Brune H., Deutsch-Wenzel R., Naujack K.W., Misfeld J., Timm J. On the contribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to the carcinogenic impact of automobile exhaust condensate evaluated by local application onto mouse skin. Cancer Letters 1983, 21(1):105-113.
12. Grimmer G., Brune H., Deutsch-Wenzel R., Dettbarn G., Misfeld J., Abel U., Timm J. The contribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fractions with different boiling ranges to the carcinogenic impact of emission condensate from coal fired residential furnaces as evaluated by topical application to the skin of mice. Cancer Letters 1985, 28:203-211.
13. Habs M., Schmahl D., Misfeld J. Local carcinogenicity of some environmentally relevant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons after lifelong topical application to mouse skin. Arch Geschwulstforsch 1980, 50(3):266-274.
14. Habs M., Jahn S.A., Schmahl D. Carcinogenic activity of condensate from coloquint seeds. Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology 1984, 108:154-156.
15. Harris C.C. Chemical and physical carcinogenesis: advances and perspectives for the 1990s. Cancer Research 1991, 51(18 Suppl):5023s-5044s.
16. Health Canada, 2004. Federal Contaminated Site Risk Assessment In Canada Part I: Guidance on Human Health Preliminary Quantitative Risk Assessment (PQRA).
17. Health Canada, 1996. Canadian soil quality guidelines for contaminated sites. Human health effects: Benzo[a]pyrene. Final report. Prepared for the National Contaminated Sites Remediation Program, Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment.
18. Hussain S.P., Harris C.C. Molecular epidemiology of human cancer: contribution of mutation spectra studies of tumor suppressor genes. Cancer Research 1998, 58(18):4023-4037.
19. Jackson S.M., Williams M.L., Feingold K.R., Elias P.M. Pathobiology of the stratum corneum. Western Journal of Medicine 1993, 158(3):279-285.
20. Kao J., Hall J., Helman G. In vitro percutaneous absorption in mouse skin: influence of skin appendages. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 1988, 94(1):93-103.
21. Kirman R., Sweeney L., Meek M., Gargas M. Assessing the dose-dependency of allometric scaling performance using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 2003, 38:345-367.
22. Knafla A., Phillipps K.A., Brecher R.W., Petrovic S., Richardson M. Development of a dermal cancer slope factor for benzo[a]pyrene. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 2006, 45(2):159-168.
23. Kuroki T., Hosomi J., Munakata K., Onizuka T., Terauchi M., Nemoto N. Metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene in epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts of humans and mice with reference to variation amoung species, individuals, and cell types. Cancer Research 1982, 42:1859-1865.
24. LaGoy P.K., Quirk T.C. Establishing generic remediation goals for the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: critical issues. Environmental Health Perspectives 1994, 102(4):348-352.
25. LaVoie E.J., He Z.-M., Meegalla R.L., Weyand E.H. Exceptional tumor-initiating activity of 4-fluorobenzo]j]fluoroanthene on mouse skin: comparison with benzo[j]fluoranthene 10-fluoro-benzo[j]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, dibenzo[a, l]pyrene and 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. Cancer Letters 1993, 70:7-14.
26. Lee Y., Hwang K. Skin thickness of Korean adults. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy 2002, 24:183-189.
27. Levin W., Wood A.W., Wislocki P.G., Kapitulnik J., Yagi H., Jerina D.M., Conney A.H. Carcinogenicity of benzo-ring derivatives of benzo(a)pyrene on mouse skin. Cancer Research 1977, 37(9):3356-3361.
28. Lynch D., Svoboda J., Putta S., Hofland H., Chern W., Hansen L. Mouse skin models for carcinogenic hazard identification: utilities and challenges. Toxicologic Pathology 2007, 35(7):853-864.
29. Ma T., Hara M., Sougrat R., Verbavatz J.-M., Verkman A. Impaired stratum corneum hydration in mice lacking epidermal water channel aquaporin-3. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 2002, 277:17147-17153.
30. Melikian A.A., Bagheri K., Hecht S.S. Contrasting disposition and metabolism of topically applied benzo(a)pyrene Trans-7, 8-dihydroxy-7, 8-dihydrobenzo(a)pyrene, and 7β/8α-dihydroxy-9α, 1Oα-epoxy-7, 8, 9, 10-tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene in mouse epidermis in vivo. Cancer Research 1987, 47:5354-5360.
31. Melikian A.A., Leszczynska J.M., Hecht S.S., Hoffman D. Effects of the co-carcinogen on benzo(a)pyrene metabolism and DNA adduct formation in mouse skin. Carcinogenesis 1986, 7(1):9-15.
32. Melendez-Colon V.J., Luch A., Seidel A., Baird W.M. Cancer initiation by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons results from formation of stable DNA adducts rather than apurinic sites. Carcinogenesis 1999, 20(10):1885-1891.
33. Mitsunaga S., Clapper M., Litwin S., Watts P., Bauer B., Dkein-Szanto A.J.P. Chemopreventive effect of difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) on mouse skin squamous cell carcinomas induced by benzo(a)pyrene. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 1997, 1(Suppl. 28/29):81-89.
34. Modly C., Das M., Don P., Marcelo C., Mukhtar H., Bickers D. Capsaicin as an in vitro inhibitor of benzo[a]pyrene metabolism and its DNA binding in human and murine keratinocytes. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 1986, 14(4):413-416.
35. Moody R.P., Chu I. Dermal exposure to environmental contaminants in the Great Lakes. Environmental Health Perspectives 1995, 103(Suppl 9):103-114.
36. Moody R.P., Nadeau B., Chu I. In vivo and in vitro dermal absorption of benzo[a]pyrene in rat, guinea pig, human and tissue-cultured skin. Journal of Dermatological Science 1995, 9(1):48-58.
37. Moody R.P., Joncas J., Richardson M., Chu I. Contaminated soils (i): in vitro dermal absorption of benzo(a)pyrene in human skin. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part A 2007, 70(21):1858-1865.
38. Monteiro-Riviere N., Bristol D., Manning T., Rogers R., Riviere J. Interspecies and interregional analysis of the comparative histologic thickness and laser Doppler blood flow measurements at five cutaneous sites in nine species. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 1990, 95:582-586.
39. Neal J., Rigdon R. Gastric tumors in mice fed benzo[a]pyrene-A quantitative study. Texas Reports on Biology & Medicine 1967, 25(4):553-557.
40. Nesnow S., Triplett L.L., Slaga T.J. Mouse skin tumour initiation-promotion and complete carcinogenesis bioassays: mechanisms and biological activities of emissions samples. Environmental Health Perspectives 1983, 47:255-268.
41. Nisbet I., Lagoy P. Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 1992, 16:290-300.
42. Ng K.M., Chu I., Bronaugh R.L., Franklin C.A., Somers D.A. Percutaneous absorption and metabolism of pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene, and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate: comparison of in vitro and in vivo results in the hairless guinea pig. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 1992, 115(2):216-223.
43. Phillips D.H., Schoket B., Hewer A., Grover P.L. DNA adduct formation in human and mouse skin by mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. IARC Scientific Publications 1990, 104:223-229.
44. Rhomberg, L., Lewandowski, T., 2004. Methods for Identifying a Default Cross-Species Scaling Factor. Gradient Corporation. Prepared for the Risk Assessment Forum, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, under contract 3W-0477-NASX.
45. Roberts M.S., Walker M. Water. The most natural penetration enhancer. Drugs and the Pharmaceutical Sciences 1993, 59:1-30.
46. Robertson, K. and J. Rees. 2010. Variation in epidermal morphology in human skin at different body sites as measured by reflectance confocal microscopy. Acta Derm Venereol, 90, XX-XX. http://adv.medicaljournals.se/files/pdf/preview/3227.pdf.
47. Saladi R., Austin L., Gao D., Lu Y., Phelps R., Lebwohl M., Wei H. The combination of benzo[a]pyrene and ultraviolet A causes an in vivo time-related accumulation of DNA damage in mouse skin. Photochemistry and Photobiology 2003, 77(4):413-419.
48. Sandby-Moller J., Poulsen T., Wulf H. Epidermal thickness at different body sites: relationship to age gender, pigmentation, blood content, skin type and smoking habits. Acta Dermato-Venereologica 2003, 81:268-272.
49. Schmahl D., Schmidt K.G., Habs M. Syncarcinogenic action of polycyclic hydrocarbons in automobile exhaust gas condensates. IARC Scientific Publications 1977, (16):53-59.
50. Schurdak M., Randeranth K. Effects of route of administration on tissue distribution of DNA adducts in mice. comparison of 7H-dibenzo(c G)carbazole, benzo(a)pyrene, and 2-acetylaminofluorene. Cancer Research 1989, 49:2633-2634.
51. Shatkin J.A., Wagle M., Kent S., Menzie C.A. Development of a biokinetic model to evaluate dermal absorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from soil. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment 2002, 8(4):713-734.
52. Storm J.E., Collier S.W., Stewart R.F., Bronaugh R.L. Metabolism of xenobiotics during percutaneous penetration: role of absorption rate and cutaneous enzyme activity. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 1990, 15(1):132-141.
53. Suh M., Ariese F., Small G., Jankowiak R., Hewer A., Phillips D. Formation and persistence of benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adducts in mouse epidermis in vivo: importance of adduct conformation. Carcinogenesis 1995, 16:2561-2569.
54. Sullivan M., Miller C., Custance S. A risk assessment for crude oil in residential surface soils. Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soils 1991, vol I:615-644. Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, MI.
55. Takeuchi S., Zhang W., Wakamatsu K., Ito S., Hearing V.J., Kraemer K.H., Brash D.E. Melanin acts as a potent UVB photosensitizer to cause an atypical mode of cell death in murine skin. Proceedings of the National Academy Sciences USA 2004, 101(42):15076-15081.
56. Talaska G., Jaeger M., Reilman R., Collins T., Warshawsky D. Chronic, topical exposure to benzo[a]pyrene induces relatively high steady-state levels of DNA adducts in target tissues and alters kinetics of adduct loss. Proceedings of the National Academy Sciences USA 1996, 93(15):7789-7793.
57. US EPA. 1992. Dermal Exposure Assessment: Principles and Application. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
58. US EPA, 1994. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) (CASRN 50-32-8). Integrated Risk Information System.
59. US EPA. 2002. Technical Factsheet on: polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs).
60. US EPA. 2004. Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund Volume I: Human Health Evaluation Manual, (Part E, Supplemental Guidance for Dermal Risk Assessment). Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation.
61. US EPA, 2006. Harmonization in Interspecies Extrapolation: Use of BW3/4 as Default Method in Derivation of the Oral RfD. Risk Assessment Forum Technical Panel. EPA/630/R-06/001. External Review Draft.
62. VanRooij J.G., De Roos J.H., Bodelier-Bade M.M., Jongeneelen F.J. Absorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons through human skin: differences between anatomical sites and individuals. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part A 1993, 38(4):355-368.
63. Warshawsky D., Barkley W., Bingham E. Factors affecting carcinogenic potential of mixtures. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 1993, 20:376-382.
64. Warshawsky D., Barkley W., Miller M.L., LaDow K., Andringa A. Carcinogenicity of 7H-dibenzo[c, g]carbazole, dibenz[a, j]acridine and benzo[a]pyrene in mouse skin and liver following topical application. Toxicology 1994, 93(2-3):135-149.
65. Wester R.C., Maibach H.I., Bucks D.A., Sedik L., Melendres J., Liao C., DiZio S. Percutaneous absorption of [14C]DDT and [14C]benzo[a]pyrene from soil. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 1990, 15(3):510-516.
66. Williams D., Woodhouse K. The relationship between age and cutaneous aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity. Age and Ageing 1995, 24(3):213-216.