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The reversibility of the addition of sulfanyl radicals to C-C double bonds precludes, for example, the radical addition of disulfides to C-C double bonds, which is inefficient unless either by employing alkynes instead of alkenes (see refs 7a above and 13a below) or in the presence of a very good radical trap such as a diselenide, see:;;;;; J. Org. Chem. 1992, 111 -115 or a very efficient H-donor, see
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Benati, L.; Montevecchi, P. C.; Spagnolo, P. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1991, 2103-2109 The reversibility of the addition of sulfanyl radicals to C-C double bonds precludes, for example, the radical addition of disulfides to C-C double bonds, which is inefficient unless either by employing alkynes instead of alkenes (see refs 7a above and 13a below) or in the presence of a very good radical trap such as a diselenide, see: Ogawa, A.; Tanaka, H.; Yokoyama, H.; Obayashi, R.; Yokoyama, K.; Sonoda, N. J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 111 -115 or a very efficient H-donor, see
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For comparisons between the reactivities of alkyl-and arylacetylenes, see refs 8d above, 13a, 13b, below, and;;;;;, For another recent example of radical monothiolation of arylacetylenes, see:; Phosphorus, Sulfur, Silicon Relat. Elem. 1998, 139, 187-192 It is worth emphasizing that a higher reactivity (kinetic constant of more than one order of magnitude higher) of phenylacetylene with respect to an alkyl congener (1-propyne) has been also reported for addition of alkyl (methyl) radicals, see:; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 1340-1371
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For comparisons between the reactivities of alkyl-and arylacetylenes, see refs 8d above, 13a, 13b, below, and Ogawa, A.; Obayashi, R.; Ine, H.; Tsuboi, Y.; Sonoda, N.; Toshikazu, H. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 881-884 For another recent example of radical monothiolation of arylacetylenes, see: Beauchemin, A.; Gareau, Y. Phosphorus, Sulfur, Silicon Relat. Elem. 1998, 139, 187-192 It is worth emphasizing that a higher reactivity (kinetic constant of more than one order of magnitude higher) of phenylacetylene with respect to an alkyl congener (1-propyne) has been also reported for addition of alkyl (methyl) radicals, see: Fischer, H.; Radom, L. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 1340-1371
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43
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Under these conditions, the reaction vessel actually warmed up to 35-40 °C. Anyway, strictly identical results were obtained with reaction mixtures kept at 25 °C by simultaneous air-cooling with compressed air
-
Under these conditions, the reaction vessel actually warmed up to 35-40 °C. Anyway, strictly identical results were obtained with reaction mixtures kept at 25 °C by simultaneous air-cooling with compressed air.
-
-
-
-
44
-
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78651472278
-
-
All the vinyl sulfides were formed as mixtures of E -and Z -isomers: see the Experimental Section for details. Studies on the stereoselective formation of the kinetic (Z) or thermodynamic (E) product are currently underway
-
All the vinyl sulfides were formed as mixtures of E-and Z -isomers: see the Experimental Section for details. Studies on the stereoselective formation of the kinetic (Z) or thermodynamic (E) product are currently underway.
-
-
-
-
45
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78651513477
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Reactions carried out in water were heterogeneous mixtures, whereas those carried out in water/DMSO 95:5 were normally homogeneous
-
Reactions carried out in water were heterogeneous mixtures, whereas those carried out in water/DMSO 95:5 were normally homogeneous.
-
-
-
-
46
-
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78651473682
-
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Both in water and in the ionic liquid the 8 / 9 ratio is ca. 2:1
-
Both in water and in the ionic liquid the 8 / 9 ratio is ca. 2:1.
-
-
-
-
47
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64549117824
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For a recent discussion about organic synthesis "on water", see
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For a recent discussion about organic synthesis "on water", see: Chanda, A.; Fokin, V. V. Chem. Rev. 2009, 109, 725-748
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48
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33749010880
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We cannot exclude that polar factors may also play an additional role in the overall thiolation reaction, see
-
We cannot exclude that polar factors may also play an additional role in the overall thiolation reaction, see: Escoubet, S.; Gastaldi, S.; Vanthuyne, N.; Gil, G.; Siri, D.; Bertrand, M. P. J. Org. Chem. 2006, 71, 7288-7292
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68749102400
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For leading references on the synthesis of bis-amino acids, see:;;, For an interesting application, see:;; Acc. Chem. Res. 2008, 41, 1387-1398
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For leading references on the synthesis of bis-amino acids, see: Li, C.; Tang, J.; Xie, J. Tetrahedron 2009, 65, 7935-7941 For an interesting application, see: Schafmeister, C. E.; Brown, Z. Z.; Gupta, S. Acc. Chem. Res. 2008, 41, 1387-1398
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52
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78651513740
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Homogeneous conditions were required to achieve good conversions of GSH 22
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Homogeneous conditions were required to achieve good conversions of GSH 22.
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53
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70350509098
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Dondoni, A.; Massi, A.; Nanni, P.; Roda, A. Chem.-Eur. J. 2009, 15, 11444-11449
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Dondoni, A.1
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54
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78651483010
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This compound was kindly provided as trifluoroacetic salt by UFPeptides S.r.L. (University of Ferrara)
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This compound was kindly provided as trifluoroacetic salt by UFPeptides S.r.L. (University of Ferrara).
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