메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 20, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 696-703

Getting ready to move: Transmitted information in the corticospinal pathway during preparation for movement

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EVOKED MUSCLE RESPONSE; HUMAN; MOTOR ACTIVITY; MOTOR CONTROL; MOVEMENT (PHYSIOLOGY); NERVE CELL EXCITABILITY; NEUROMODULATION; NONHUMAN; PREMOTOR CORTEX; PRIMARY MOTOR CORTEX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PYRAMIDAL TRACT; REVIEW; SPINAL CORD NERVE CELL; VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT;

EID: 78651432548     PISSN: 09594388     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2010.09.001     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (40)

References (68)
  • 1
    • 0030986782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discrete and continuous planning of hand movements and isometric force trajectories
    • Ghez C., Favilla M., Ghilardi M.F., Gordon J., Bermejo R., Pullman S. Discrete and continuous planning of hand movements and isometric force trajectories. Exp Brain Res 1997, 115:217-233.
    • (1997) Exp Brain Res , vol.115 , pp. 217-233
    • Ghez, C.1    Favilla, M.2    Ghilardi, M.F.3    Gordon, J.4    Bermejo, R.5    Pullman, S.6
  • 2
    • 0019247319 scopus 로고
    • Human movement initiation: specification of arm, direction, and extent
    • Rosenbaum D.A. Human movement initiation: specification of arm, direction, and extent. J Exp Psychol Gen 1980, 109:444-474.
    • (1980) J Exp Psychol Gen , vol.109 , pp. 444-474
    • Rosenbaum, D.A.1
  • 3
    • 0026638299 scopus 로고
    • Motor control prior to movement onset: preparatory mechanisms for pointing at visual targets
    • Bock O., Arnold K. Motor control prior to movement onset: preparatory mechanisms for pointing at visual targets. Exp Brain Res 1992, 90:209-216.
    • (1992) Exp Brain Res , vol.90 , pp. 209-216
    • Bock, O.1    Arnold, K.2
  • 4
    • 0028363726 scopus 로고
    • Are extent and force independent movement parameters? Preparation- and movement-related neuronal activity in the monkey cortex
    • Riehle A., MacKay W.A., Requin J. Are extent and force independent movement parameters? Preparation- and movement-related neuronal activity in the monkey cortex. Exp Brain Res 1994, 99:56-74.
    • (1994) Exp Brain Res , vol.99 , pp. 56-74
    • Riehle, A.1    MacKay, W.A.2    Requin, J.3
  • 5
    • 0029155949 scopus 로고
    • Neuronal correlates of the specification of movement direction and force in four cortical areas of the monkey
    • Riehle A., Requin J. Neuronal correlates of the specification of movement direction and force in four cortical areas of the monkey. Behav Brain Res 1995, 70:1-13.
    • (1995) Behav Brain Res , vol.70 , pp. 1-13
    • Riehle, A.1    Requin, J.2
  • 6
    • 33846442079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delay of movement caused by disruption of cortical preparatory activity
    • Churchland M.M., Shenoy K.V. Delay of movement caused by disruption of cortical preparatory activity. J Neurophysiol 2007, 97:348-359.
    • (2007) J Neurophysiol , vol.97 , pp. 348-359
    • Churchland, M.M.1    Shenoy, K.V.2
  • 7
    • 0027395993 scopus 로고
    • The predictive value for performance speed of preparatory changes in neuronal activity of the monkey motor and premotor cortex
    • Riehle A., Requin J. The predictive value for performance speed of preparatory changes in neuronal activity of the monkey motor and premotor cortex. Behav Brain Res 1993, 53:35-49.
    • (1993) Behav Brain Res , vol.53 , pp. 35-49
    • Riehle, A.1    Requin, J.2
  • 8
    • 0024550678 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive spatial-motor processes. 3. Motor cortical prediction of movement direction during an instructed delay period
    • Georgopoulos A.P., Crutcher M.D., Schwartz A.B. Cognitive spatial-motor processes. 3. Motor cortical prediction of movement direction during an instructed delay period. Exp Brain Res 1989, 75:183-194.
    • (1989) Exp Brain Res , vol.75 , pp. 183-194
    • Georgopoulos, A.P.1    Crutcher, M.D.2    Schwartz, A.B.3
  • 9
    • 0024390688 scopus 로고
    • Neuronal activity in primate parietal cortex area 5 varies with intended movement direction during an instructed-delay period
    • Crammond D.J., Kalaska J.F. Neuronal activity in primate parietal cortex area 5 varies with intended movement direction during an instructed-delay period. Exp Brain Res 1989, 76:458-462.
    • (1989) Exp Brain Res , vol.76 , pp. 458-462
    • Crammond, D.J.1    Kalaska, J.F.2
  • 10
    • 0033842223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prior information in motor and premotor cortex: activity during the delay period and effect on pre-movement activity
    • Crammond D.J., Kalaska J.F. Prior information in motor and premotor cortex: activity during the delay period and effect on pre-movement activity. J Neurophysiol 2000, 84:986-1005.
    • (2000) J Neurophysiol , vol.84 , pp. 986-1005
    • Crammond, D.J.1    Kalaska, J.F.2
  • 11
    • 0033930225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Covariation of primate dorsal premotor cell activity with direction and amplitude during a memorized-delay reaching task
    • Messier J., Kalaska J.F. Covariation of primate dorsal premotor cell activity with direction and amplitude during a memorized-delay reaching task. J Neurophysiol 2000, 84:152-165.
    • (2000) J Neurophysiol , vol.84 , pp. 152-165
    • Messier, J.1    Kalaska, J.F.2
  • 12
    • 0024574180 scopus 로고
    • Monkey primary motor and premotor cortex: single-cell activity related to prior information about direction and extent of an intended movement
    • Riehle A., Requin J. Monkey primary motor and premotor cortex: single-cell activity related to prior information about direction and extent of an intended movement. J Neurophysiol 1989, 61:534-549.
    • (1989) J Neurophysiol , vol.61 , pp. 534-549
    • Riehle, A.1    Requin, J.2
  • 14
  • 15
    • 0030911925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pallidal discharge related to the kinematics of reaching movements in two dimensions
    • Turner R.S., Anderson M.E. Pallidal discharge related to the kinematics of reaching movements in two dimensions. J Neurophysiol 1997, 77:1051-1074.
    • (1997) J Neurophysiol , vol.77 , pp. 1051-1074
    • Turner, R.S.1    Anderson, M.E.2
  • 18
    • 34147156299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinctions between dorsal and ventral premotor areas: anatomical connectivity and functional properties
    • Hoshi E., Tanji J. Distinctions between dorsal and ventral premotor areas: anatomical connectivity and functional properties. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2007, 17:234-242.
    • (2007) Curr Opin Neurobiol , vol.17 , pp. 234-242
    • Hoshi, E.1    Tanji, J.2
  • 19
    • 0021894316 scopus 로고
    • The primate premotor cortex: past, present, and preparatory
    • Wise S.P. The primate premotor cortex: past, present, and preparatory. Annu Rev Neurosci 1985, 8:1-19.
    • (1985) Annu Rev Neurosci , vol.8 , pp. 1-19
    • Wise, S.P.1
  • 20
    • 0020034218 scopus 로고
    • Changes of Achilles tendon reflex amplitudes during a fixed foreperiod of four seconds
    • Brunia C.H., Scheirs J.G., Haagh S.A. Changes of Achilles tendon reflex amplitudes during a fixed foreperiod of four seconds. Psychophysiology 1982, 19:63-70.
    • (1982) Psychophysiology , vol.19 , pp. 63-70
    • Brunia, C.H.1    Scheirs, J.G.2    Haagh, S.A.3
  • 21
    • 0025138445 scopus 로고
    • The differences in human spinal motoneuron excitability during the foreperiod of a motor task
    • Komiyama T., Tanaka R. The differences in human spinal motoneuron excitability during the foreperiod of a motor task. Exp Brain Res 1990, 79:357-364.
    • (1990) Exp Brain Res , vol.79 , pp. 357-364
    • Komiyama, T.1    Tanaka, R.2
  • 22
    • 0025911169 scopus 로고
    • Changes in electromyographic responses to muscle stretch, related to the programming of movement parameters
    • Bonnet M., Requin J., Stelmach G.E. Changes in electromyographic responses to muscle stretch, related to the programming of movement parameters. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1991, 81:135-151.
    • (1991) Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol , vol.81 , pp. 135-151
    • Bonnet, M.1    Requin, J.2    Stelmach, G.E.3
  • 23
    • 0033002672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The time-course of preparatory spinal and cortico-spinal inhibition: an H-reflex and transcranial magnetic stimulation study in man
    • Hasbroucq T., Kaneko H., Akamatsu M., Possamai C.A. The time-course of preparatory spinal and cortico-spinal inhibition: an H-reflex and transcranial magnetic stimulation study in man. Exp Brain Res 1999, 124:33-41.
    • (1999) Exp Brain Res , vol.124 , pp. 33-41
    • Hasbroucq, T.1    Kaneko, H.2    Akamatsu, M.3    Possamai, C.A.4
  • 24
    • 0020060608 scopus 로고
    • Long loop and spinal reflexes in man during preparation for intended directional hand movements
    • Bonnet M., Requin J. Long loop and spinal reflexes in man during preparation for intended directional hand movements. J Neurosci 1982, 2:90-96.
    • (1982) J Neurosci , vol.2 , pp. 90-96
    • Bonnet, M.1    Requin, J.2
  • 27
    • 0023079269 scopus 로고
    • The Hoffmann reflex: a means of assessing spinal reflex excitability and its descending control in man
    • Schieppati M. The Hoffmann reflex: a means of assessing spinal reflex excitability and its descending control in man. Prog Neurobiol 1987, 28:345-376.
    • (1987) Prog Neurobiol , vol.28 , pp. 345-376
    • Schieppati, M.1
  • 28
    • 39449126764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticipatory changes in human motoneuron discharge patterns during motor preparation
    • Duclos Y., Schmied A., Burle B., Burnet H., Rossi-Durand C. Anticipatory changes in human motoneuron discharge patterns during motor preparation. J Physiol 2008, 586:1017-1028.
    • (2008) J Physiol , vol.586 , pp. 1017-1028
    • Duclos, Y.1    Schmied, A.2    Burle, B.3    Burnet, H.4    Rossi-Durand, C.5
  • 29
    • 7044224730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiological evidence for response inhibition in choice reaction time tasks
    • Burle B., Vidal F., Tandonnet C., Hasbroucq T. Physiological evidence for response inhibition in choice reaction time tasks. Brain Cogn 2004, 56:153-164.
    • (2004) Brain Cogn , vol.56 , pp. 153-164
    • Burle, B.1    Vidal, F.2    Tandonnet, C.3    Hasbroucq, T.4
  • 30
    • 34347402837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dual nature of time preparation: neural activation and suppression revealed by transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex
    • Davranche K., Tandonnet C., Burle B., Meynier C., Vidal F., Hasbroucq T. The dual nature of time preparation: neural activation and suppression revealed by transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex. Eur J Neurosci 2007, 25:3766-3774.
    • (2007) Eur J Neurosci , vol.25 , pp. 3766-3774
    • Davranche, K.1    Tandonnet, C.2    Burle, B.3    Meynier, C.4    Vidal, F.5    Hasbroucq, T.6
  • 31
    • 0033112630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortico-spinal inhibition reflects time but not event preparation: neural mechanisms of preparation dissociated by transcranial magnetic stimulation
    • Hasbroucq T., Osman A., Possamai C.A., Burle B., Carron S., Depy D., Latour S., Mouret I. Cortico-spinal inhibition reflects time but not event preparation: neural mechanisms of preparation dissociated by transcranial magnetic stimulation. Acta Psychol (Amst) 1999, 101:243-266.
    • (1999) Acta Psychol (Amst) , vol.101 , pp. 243-266
    • Hasbroucq, T.1    Osman, A.2    Possamai, C.A.3    Burle, B.4    Carron, S.5    Depy, D.6    Latour, S.7    Mouret, I.8
  • 32
    • 0032434330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced excitability of the cortico-spinal system during the warning period of a reaction time task
    • Touge T., Taylor J.L., Rothwell J.C. Reduced excitability of the cortico-spinal system during the warning period of a reaction time task. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1998, 109:489-495.
    • (1998) Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol , vol.109 , pp. 489-495
    • Touge, T.1    Taylor, J.L.2    Rothwell, J.C.3
  • 33
    • 33846219836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expectancy induces dynamic modulation of corticospinal excitability
    • van Elswijk G., Kleine B.U., Overeem S., Stegeman D.F. Expectancy induces dynamic modulation of corticospinal excitability. J Cogn Neurosci 2007, 19:121-131.
    • (2007) J Cogn Neurosci , vol.19 , pp. 121-131
    • van Elswijk, G.1    Kleine, B.U.2    Overeem, S.3    Stegeman, D.F.4
  • 34
    • 34548267138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of motor preparation and spatial attention on corticospinal excitability in a delayed-response paradigm
    • Mars R.B., Bestmann S., Rothwell J.C., Haggard P. Effects of motor preparation and spatial attention on corticospinal excitability in a delayed-response paradigm. Exp Brain Res 2007, 182:125-129.
    • (2007) Exp Brain Res , vol.182 , pp. 125-129
    • Mars, R.B.1    Bestmann, S.2    Rothwell, J.C.3    Haggard, P.4
  • 35
    • 77949385607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for two concurrent inhibitory mechanisms during response preparation
    • Duque J., Lew D., Mazzocchio R., Olivier E., Ivry R.B. Evidence for two concurrent inhibitory mechanisms during response preparation. J Neurosci 2010, 30:3793-3802.
    • (2010) J Neurosci , vol.30 , pp. 3793-3802
    • Duque, J.1    Lew, D.2    Mazzocchio, R.3    Olivier, E.4    Ivry, R.B.5
  • 36
    • 15944410613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuronal coherence as a mechanism of effective corticospinal interaction
    • Schoffelen J.M., Oostenveld R., Fries P. Neuronal coherence as a mechanism of effective corticospinal interaction. Science 2005, 308:111-113.
    • (2005) Science , vol.308 , pp. 111-113
    • Schoffelen, J.M.1    Oostenveld, R.2    Fries, P.3
  • 38
    • 78651432027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population-based corticospinal interactions in macaques are correlated with visuomotor processing
    • Asher I., Zinger N., Yanai Y., Israel Z., Prut Y. Population-based corticospinal interactions in macaques are correlated with visuomotor processing. Cereb Cortex 2009.
    • (2009) Cereb Cortex
    • Asher, I.1    Zinger, N.2    Yanai, Y.3    Israel, Z.4    Prut, Y.5
  • 39
    • 0033533816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primate spinal interneurons show pre-movement instructed delay activity
    • Prut Y., Fetz E.E. Primate spinal interneurons show pre-movement instructed delay activity. Nature 1999, 401:590-594.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.401 , pp. 590-594
    • Prut, Y.1    Fetz, E.E.2
  • 40
    • 36048976254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Connected corticospinal sites show enhanced tuning similarity at the onset of voluntary action
    • Yanai Y., Adamit N., Harel R., Israel Z., Prut Y. Connected corticospinal sites show enhanced tuning similarity at the onset of voluntary action. J Neurosci 2007, 27:12349-12357.
    • (2007) J Neurosci , vol.27 , pp. 12349-12357
    • Yanai, Y.1    Adamit, N.2    Harel, R.3    Israel, Z.4    Prut, Y.5
  • 41
    • 39549104051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coordinate transformation is first completed downstream of primary motor cortex
    • Yanai Y., Adamit N., Israel Z., Harel R., Prut Y. Coordinate transformation is first completed downstream of primary motor cortex. J Neurosci 2008, 28:1728-1732.
    • (2008) J Neurosci , vol.28 , pp. 1728-1732
    • Yanai, Y.1    Adamit, N.2    Israel, Z.3    Harel, R.4    Prut, Y.5
  • 42
    • 0025280675 scopus 로고
    • Preparation for movement: neural representations of intended direction in three motor areas of the monkey
    • Alexander G.E., Crutcher M.D. Preparation for movement: neural representations of intended direction in three motor areas of the monkey. J Neurophysiol 1990, 64:133-150.
    • (1990) J Neurophysiol , vol.64 , pp. 133-150
    • Alexander, G.E.1    Crutcher, M.D.2
  • 43
    • 0027409973 scopus 로고
    • Premotor cortex of monkeys: set- and movement-related activity reflecting amplitude and direction of wrist movements
    • Kurata K. Premotor cortex of monkeys: set- and movement-related activity reflecting amplitude and direction of wrist movements. J Neurophysiol 1993, 69:187-200.
    • (1993) J Neurophysiol , vol.69 , pp. 187-200
    • Kurata, K.1
  • 44
    • 77954231844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity to perturbations in vivo implies high noise and suggests rate coding in cortex. Nature
    • London M, Roth A, Beeren L, Hausser M, Latham PE: Sensitivity to perturbations in vivo implies high noise and suggests rate coding in cortex. Nature 2010, 466:123-127.
    • (2010) , vol.466
    • London, M.1    Roth, A.2    Beeren, L.3    Hausser, M.4    Latham, P.E.5
  • 45
    • 0027158351 scopus 로고
    • Oscillations in local field potentials of the primate motor cortex during voluntary movement
    • Sanes J.N., Donoghue J.P. Oscillations in local field potentials of the primate motor cortex during voluntary movement. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993, 90:4470-4474.
    • (1993) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.90 , pp. 4470-4474
    • Sanes, J.N.1    Donoghue, J.P.2
  • 46
    • 33748581620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early visuomotor representations revealed from evoked local field potentials in motor and premotor cortical areas
    • O'Leary J.G., Hatsopoulos N.G. Early visuomotor representations revealed from evoked local field potentials in motor and premotor cortical areas. J Neurophysiol 2006, 96:1492-1506.
    • (2006) J Neurophysiol , vol.96 , pp. 1492-1506
    • O'Leary, J.G.1    Hatsopoulos, N.G.2
  • 47
    • 0027379944 scopus 로고
    • Primate frontal cortex: effects of stimulus and movement
    • Boussaoud D., Wise S.P. Primate frontal cortex: effects of stimulus and movement. Exp Brain Res 1993, 95:28-40.
    • (1993) Exp Brain Res , vol.95 , pp. 28-40
    • Boussaoud, D.1    Wise, S.P.2
  • 48
    • 0027521363 scopus 로고
    • Primate frontal cortex: neuronal activity following attentional versus intentional cues
    • Boussaoud D., Wise S.P. Primate frontal cortex: neuronal activity following attentional versus intentional cues. Exp Brain Res 1993, 95:15-27.
    • (1993) Exp Brain Res , vol.95 , pp. 15-27
    • Boussaoud, D.1    Wise, S.P.2
  • 49
    • 0031012495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signals and signs in the nervous system: the dynamic anatomy of electrical activity is probably information-rich
    • Bullock T.H. Signals and signs in the nervous system: the dynamic anatomy of electrical activity is probably information-rich. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997, 94:1-6.
    • (1997) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.94 , pp. 1-6
    • Bullock, T.H.1
  • 50
    • 0021927140 scopus 로고
    • Current source-density method and application in cat cerebral cortex: investigation of evoked potentials and EEG phenomena
    • Mitzdorf U. Current source-density method and application in cat cerebral cortex: investigation of evoked potentials and EEG phenomena. Physiol Rev 1985, 65:37-100.
    • (1985) Physiol Rev , vol.65 , pp. 37-100
    • Mitzdorf, U.1
  • 51
    • 70449449631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic encoding of movement direction in motor cortical neurons
    • Rickert J., Riehle A., Aertsen A., Rotter S., Nawrot M.P. Dynamic encoding of movement direction in motor cortical neurons. J Neurosci 2009, 29:13870-13882.
    • (2009) J Neurosci , vol.29 , pp. 13870-13882
    • Rickert, J.1    Riehle, A.2    Aertsen, A.3    Rotter, S.4    Nawrot, M.P.5
  • 52
    • 33745090844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time is a rubberband: neuronal activity in monkey motor cortex in relation to time estimation
    • Renoult L., Roux S., Riehle A. Time is a rubberband: neuronal activity in monkey motor cortex in relation to time estimation. Eur J Neurosci 2006, 23:3098-3108.
    • (2006) Eur J Neurosci , vol.23 , pp. 3098-3108
    • Renoult, L.1    Roux, S.2    Riehle, A.3
  • 53
    • 0034752008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time-modulated neuronal activity in the premotor cortex of macaque monkeys
    • Lucchetti C., Bon L. Time-modulated neuronal activity in the premotor cortex of macaque monkeys. Exp Brain Res 2001, 141:254-260.
    • (2001) Exp Brain Res , vol.141 , pp. 254-260
    • Lucchetti, C.1    Bon, L.2
  • 55
    • 62149088220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Excitatory and inhibitory processes in primary motor cortex during the foreperiod of a warned reaction time task are unrelated to response expectancy
    • Sinclair C., Hammond G.R. Excitatory and inhibitory processes in primary motor cortex during the foreperiod of a warned reaction time task are unrelated to response expectancy. Exp Brain Res 2009, 194:103-113.
    • (2009) Exp Brain Res , vol.194 , pp. 103-113
    • Sinclair, C.1    Hammond, G.R.2
  • 56
    • 63649091377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of corticospinal suppression during motor preparation
    • Duque J., Ivry R.B. Role of corticospinal suppression during motor preparation. Cereb Cortex 2009, 19:2013-2024.
    • (2009) Cereb Cortex , vol.19 , pp. 2013-2024
    • Duque, J.1    Ivry, R.B.2
  • 57
    • 76749139868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forelimb muscle representations and output properties of motor areas in the mesial wall of rhesus macaques
    • Boudrias M.H., Lee S.P., Svojanovsky S., Cheney P.D. Forelimb muscle representations and output properties of motor areas in the mesial wall of rhesus macaques. Cereb Cortex 2010, 20:704-719.
    • (2010) Cereb Cortex , vol.20 , pp. 704-719
    • Boudrias, M.H.1    Lee, S.P.2    Svojanovsky, S.3    Cheney, P.D.4
  • 58
    • 72049129451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Output properties and organization of the forelimb representation of motor areas on the lateral aspect of the hemisphere in rhesus macaques
    • Boudrias M.H., McPherson R.L., Frost S.B., Cheney P.D. Output properties and organization of the forelimb representation of motor areas on the lateral aspect of the hemisphere in rhesus macaques. Cereb Cortex 2010, 20:169-186.
    • (2010) Cereb Cortex , vol.20 , pp. 169-186
    • Boudrias, M.H.1    McPherson, R.L.2    Frost, S.B.3    Cheney, P.D.4
  • 59
    • 68049144951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventral premotor to primary motor cortical interactions during object-driven grasp in humans
    • Davare M., Montague K., Olivier E., Rothwell J.C., Lemon R.N. Ventral premotor to primary motor cortical interactions during object-driven grasp in humans. Cortex 2009, 45:1050-1057.
    • (2009) Cortex , vol.45 , pp. 1050-1057
    • Davare, M.1    Montague, K.2    Olivier, E.3    Rothwell, J.C.4    Lemon, R.N.5
  • 60
    • 61649112460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of primary motor cortex outputs from ventral premotor cortex during visually guided grasp in the macaque monkey
    • Prabhu G., Shimazu H., Cerri G., Brochier T., Spinks R.L., Maier M.A., Lemon R.N. Modulation of primary motor cortex outputs from ventral premotor cortex during visually guided grasp in the macaque monkey. J Physiol 2009, 587:1057-1069.
    • (2009) J Physiol , vol.587 , pp. 1057-1069
    • Prabhu, G.1    Shimazu, H.2    Cerri, G.3    Brochier, T.4    Spinks, R.L.5    Maier, M.A.6    Lemon, R.N.7
  • 61
    • 77952171862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Projections of the hand field of the macaque ventral premotor area F5 to the brainstem and spinal cord
    • Borra E., Belmalih A., Gerbella M., Rozzi S., Luppino G. Projections of the hand field of the macaque ventral premotor area F5 to the brainstem and spinal cord. J Comp Neurol 2010, 518:2570-2591.
    • (2010) J Comp Neurol , vol.518 , pp. 2570-2591
    • Borra, E.1    Belmalih, A.2    Gerbella, M.3    Rozzi, S.4    Luppino, G.5
  • 62
    • 0024577045 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of corticospinal neurons with collaterals to the lower brain stem reticular formation in monkey (Macaca fascicularis)
    • Keizer K., Kuypers H.G. Distribution of corticospinal neurons with collaterals to the lower brain stem reticular formation in monkey (Macaca fascicularis). Exp Brain Res 1989, 74:311-318.
    • (1989) Exp Brain Res , vol.74 , pp. 311-318
    • Keizer, K.1    Kuypers, H.G.2
  • 63
    • 0002463068 scopus 로고
    • The anatomical organization of the descending pathways and their contribution to motor control especially in primates
    • Karger
    • Kuypers H.G.J.M. The anatomical organization of the descending pathways and their contribution to motor control especially in primates. New developments in EMG and clinical neurophysiology 1973, vol. 3:38-68. Karger.
    • (1973) New developments in EMG and clinical neurophysiology , vol.3 , pp. 38-68
    • Kuypers, H.G.J.M.1
  • 65
    • 0017707974 scopus 로고
    • Premotor cortical ablations in monkeys: contralateral changes in visually guided reaching behavior
    • Moll L., Kuypers H.G. Premotor cortical ablations in monkeys: contralateral changes in visually guided reaching behavior. Science 1977, 198:317-319.
    • (1977) Science , vol.198 , pp. 317-319
    • Moll, L.1    Kuypers, H.G.2
  • 66
    • 0029952245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of the GABA antagonist bicuculline to the premotor cortex reduces the ability to withhold reaching movements by well-trained monkeys in visually guided reaching task
    • Sawaguchi T., Yamane I., Kubota K. Application of the GABA antagonist bicuculline to the premotor cortex reduces the ability to withhold reaching movements by well-trained monkeys in visually guided reaching task. J Neurophysiol 1996, 75:2150-2156.
    • (1996) J Neurophysiol , vol.75 , pp. 2150-2156
    • Sawaguchi, T.1    Yamane, I.2    Kubota, K.3
  • 67
    • 0020379249 scopus 로고
    • The premotor cortex of the monkey
    • Weinrich M., Wise S.P. The premotor cortex of the monkey. J Neurosci 1982, 2:1329-1345.
    • (1982) J Neurosci , vol.2 , pp. 1329-1345
    • Weinrich, M.1    Wise, S.P.2
  • 68
    • 65549159287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct and indirect connections with upper limb motoneurons from the primate reticulospinal tract
    • Riddle C.N., Edgley S.A., Baker S.N. Direct and indirect connections with upper limb motoneurons from the primate reticulospinal tract. J Neurosci 2009, 29:4993-4999.
    • (2009) J Neurosci , vol.29 , pp. 4993-4999
    • Riddle, C.N.1    Edgley, S.A.2    Baker, S.N.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.