Computers and psychosocial treatment for child anxiety: Recent advances and ongoing efforts

Depression and Anxiety

Volumn 28, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 58-66

  Kendall, Philip C ^a   Khanna, Muniya S ^b   Edson, Aubrey ^b   Cummings, Colleen ^a   Harris, M Sue ^c  

^a TEMPLE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

^c Workbook Publishing Inc   (United States)

Author keywords

anxiety; child and adolescent anxiety; cognitive behavioral therapy; computer assisted treatment

Indexed keywords

ANXIETY DISORDER; CAMP COPE A LOT; CHILD; COGNITIVE THERAPY; COMPUTER ASSISTED THERAPY; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; EVALUATION; HUMAN; JUVENILE; PATIENT SATISFACTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOSOCIAL CARE; REVIEW; THERAPY EFFECT; TRAINING;

ANXIETY DISORDERS; CHILD; COGNITIVE THERAPY; EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE; HUMANS; OUTCOME AND PROCESS ASSESSMENT (HEALTH CARE); PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PHOBIC DISORDERS; THERAPY, COMPUTER-ASSISTED;

EID: 78651401826     PISSN: 10914269     EISSN: 15206394     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/da.20757     Document Type: Review

References (91)

1. Kessler RC,. Anxiety as a Gateway Disorder. Baltimore, MD: Presentation at the annual meeting of the Anxiety Disorders Association of America; 2010.
2. Barrett P, Dadds M, Rapee R,. Family treatment of childhood anxiety: a controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol 1996; 64: 333-342.
3. Kendall P,. Treating anxiety disorders in youth: results of randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol 1994; 62: 100-110.
4. Kendall PC, Hudson J, Gosch E, et al. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety-disordered youth: a randomized clinical trial of child and family modalities. J Consult Clin Psychol 2008; 76: 282-297.
5. Silverman W, Pina A, Viswesvaran C,. Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for phobic and anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 2008; 37: 105-130.
6. Walkup JT, Albano AM, Piacentini J, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy, sertraline, or a combination in childhood anxiety. N Engl J Med 2008; 359: 1-14.
7. Hirshfeld-Becker DR, Maseck B, Henin A, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy for 4- to 7-year-old children with anxiety disorders: a randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol 2010; 78: 498-510.
8. Hudson JL, Rapee RM, Deveney C, et al. Cognitive-behavioral treatment versus an active control for children and adolescents with anxiety disorders: a randomized trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2009; 48: 533-544.
9. Shortt AL, Barrett PM, Fox TL,. Evaluating the FRIENDS program: a cognitive-behavioral group treatment for anxious children and their parents. J Clin Child Psychol 2001; 30: 525-535.
10. Weisz JR,. Agenda for child and adolescent psychotherapy research: on the need to put science into practice. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2000; 57: 837-838.
11. Goisman RM, Warshaw MG, Keller MB,. Psychosocial treatment prescriptions for generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and social phobia. Am J Psychiatry 1999; 156: 1819-1821.
12. New Freedom Commission on Mental Health. 2003. Achieving the promise: transforming mental health in America, final report [DHHS Publication SMA-03-3832]. Accessed on June 13, 2009.
13. Weersing VR, Weisz JR,. Community clinic treatment of depressed youth: benchmarking usual care against CBT clinical trials. J Consult Clin Psychol 2002; 70: 299-310.
14. Weisz JR, Southam-Gerow MA, Gordis EB, et al. Cognitive-behavioral therapy versus usual clinical care for youth depression: an initial test of transportability to community clinics and clinicians. J Consult Clin Psychol 2009; 77: 383-396.
15. Warren JS, Nelson PL, Mondragon SA, et al. Youth psychotherapy change trajectories and outcomes in usual care: community mental health versus managed care settings. J Consult Clin Psychol 2010; 78: 144-155.
16. Weisz JR, Hawley K, Jensen-Doss A,. Empirically tested psychotherapies for youth internalizing and externalizing problems and disorders. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Clin N Am 2004; 13: 729-815.
17. Southam-Gerow MA, Marder AM, Austin AA,. Transportability and dissemination of evidence-based manualized treatments for children and families in practice settings. In:, Steele RG, Elkin TD, Roberts MC, editors. Handbook of Evidence-Based Therapies for Children and Adolescents: Bridging Science and Practice. NY: Springer; 2008: 447-469.
18. Weissman MM, Verdeli H, Gameroff MJ, et al. National survey of psychotherapy training in psychiatry, psychology, and social work. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2006; 63: 925-934
19. Haaga DAF,. Introduction to the special section on stepped care models in psychotherapy. J Consult Clin Psychol 2000; 68: 547-548.
20. Greist JH,. A promising debut for computerized therapies [editorial]. Am J Psychiatry 2008; 165: 793-795.
21. Costello EJ, Egger HL, Angold A., Developmental epidemiology of anxiety disorders. In:, Ollendick TH, March JS, editors. Phobic and Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents. New York: Oxford University Press; 2004: 61-91.
22. Emslie GJ,. Pediatric anxiety-underrecognized and undertreated. N Engl J Med 2008; 359: 26.
23. Southam-Gerow MA, Weisz JR, Kendall PC,. Youth with anxiety disorders in research and service clinics: examining client differences and similarities. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 2003; 32: 375-385.
24. Weisz JR, Jensen AL,. Child and adolescent psychotherapy in research and practice contexts: review of the evidence and suggestions for improving the field. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2001; 10: 12-18.
25. Salloum A, Sulkowski ML, Sirrine E, Storch EA,. Overcoming barriers to using empirically supported therapies to treat childhood anxiety disorders in social work practice. Child Adolesc Soc Work J 2009; 26: 259-273.
26. Greist JH,. Treatment for all: the computer as a patient assistant. Psychiatr Serv 1998; 49: 887-889.
27. Marks IM, Cavanagh K, Gega L., Hands On Help: Computer-Aided Psychotherapy. London: Psychology Press; 2007.
28. McCrone P, Knapp M, Proudfoot J, et al. Cost-effectiveness of computerized cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomized controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry 2004; 185: 55-62. (Pubitemid 38951630)
29. Newman MG,. Recommendations for a cost-offset model of psychotherapy allocation using generalized anxiety disorder as an example. J Consult Clin Psychol 2000; 68: 549-555.
30. Wright JH, Wright AS, Albano AM, et al. Computer-assisted cognitive therapy for depression: maintaining efficacy while reducing therapist time. Am J Psychiatry 2005; 162: 1158-1164.
31. Cefai J, Smith D, Pushak RE,. Parenting wisely: parent training via CD-ROM with an Australian sample. Child Fam Behav Ther 2010; 32: 17-33.
32. Anderson P, Jacobs C, Rothbaum BO,. Computer-supported cognitive behavioral treatment of anxiety disorders. J Clin Psychol 2004; 60: 253-267.
33. Selmi PM, Klein MH, Greist JH, et al. Computer-administered cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. Am J Psychiatry 1990; 147: 51-56.
34. Khanna MS, Aschenbrand SG, Kendall PC,. New frontiers: computer technology in the assessment and treatment of anxious youth. Behav Therapist 2007; 30: 22-25.
35. Barlow DH,. Introduction. In:, Piacentini JC, Langley A, Roblek T, editors. Cognitive Behavioral Treatment of Childhood OCD: It's Only a False Alarm Therapist Guide. NY: Oxford University Press; 2007: 1-12.
36. Schoenwald SK, Kelleher K, Weisz JR, et al. Building bridges to evidence-based practice: The MacArthur foundation child system and treatment enhancement projects (Child STEPs): Introduction. Adm Policy Ment Health 2008; 35: 66-72
37. Beidas R, Kendall PC,. Training therapists in evidence-based practice: a critical review of studies from a systems-contextual perspective. Clin Psychol Sci Pract 2010; 17: 1-30.
38. Joyce B, Showers B,. Meta-Analysis on the Effects of Training and Coaching. University of South Florida: National Implementation Research Network (Publication #231); 2002.
39. Arndorfer RE, Allen KD, Aljazireh L,. Behavioral health needs in pediatric medicine and the acceptability of behavioral solutions: Implications for behavioral psychologists. Behav Ther 1999; 30: 137-148.
40. March JS,. The future of psychotherapy for mentally ill children and adolescents. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2009; 50: 170-179.
41. Colby KM, Gould RL, Aronson G,. Some pros and cons of computer-assisted psychotherapy. J Nerv Ment Dis 1989; 177: 105
42. Griffiths KM, Christensen H,. Review of randomized controlled trials of internet interventions for mental health disorders and related conditions. Clin Psychol 2006; 10: 16-29.
43. National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE; 2006). Computerized cognitive behavior therapy for depression and anxiety. Technology appraisal 97. NICE. Retrieved March 10, 2009, from
44. Clark A, Kirkby KC, Daniels BA, et al. A pilot study of computer-aided vicarious exposure for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 1998; 32: 268-275.
45. Christensen H, Griffiths KM, Jorm AF,. Delivering interventions for depression by using the internet: Randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2004; 31: 265.
46. Bowers W, Stuart S, MacFarlane R,. Use of computer-administered cognitive-behavior therapy with depressed patients. Depress Anxiety 1993; 1: 294-299.
47. Andersson G, Cuijpers P,. Internet-based and other computerized psychological treatments for adult depression: a meta-analysis. Cogn Behav Ther 2009; 38: 196-205.
48. Bachofen M, Nakagawa A, Marks IM, et al. Home self-assessment and self-treatment on obsessive-compulsive disorder using a manual and a computer-conducted telephone interview: Replication of a U.K.-U.S. study. J Clin Psychiatry 1999: 60: 545-549.
49. Baer L, Greist JH,. An interactive computer-administered self-assessment and self-help program for behavior therapy. J Clin Psychiatry 1997; 58: 23-27.
50. Carlbring P, Nilsson-Ihrfelt E, Waara J, et al. Treatment of panic disorder: Live therapy vs. self-help via the Internet. Behav Res Ther 2005; 43: 1321-1333.
51. Craske MG, Rose RD, Lang A, et al. Computer-assisted delivery of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders in primary-care settings. Depress Anxiety 2009; 26: 235-242.
52. Klein B, Richards JC, Austin DW,. Efficacy of internet therapy for panic disorder. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2006; 37: 213-238.
53. Lange A, Rietdijk D, Hudcovicova M, et al. Interapy: a controlled randomized trial of the standardized treatment of posttraumatic stress through the internet. J Consult Clin Psychol 2003; 71: 901-909.
54. Kenardy J, McCafferty K, Rosa V,. Internet-delivered indicated prevention for anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial. Behav Cogn Psychother 2003; 31: 279-289.
55. Marks IM, Kenwright M, McDonough M, et al. Saving clinicians' time by delegating routine aspects of therapy to a computer: a randomized controlled trial in phobia/panic disorder. Psychol Med 2004; 34: 9-17.
56. Newman MG, Consoli A, Taylor CB,. Computers in assessment and cognitive behavioral treatment of clinical disorders: anxiety as a case in point. Behav Ther 1997; 28: 211-235.
57. Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerized cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry 2004; 185: 46-54. (Pubitemid 38951629)
58. Marks IM, O'Dwyer AM, Meehan O, et al. Subjective imagery in obsessive-compulsive disorder before and after exposure therapy: pilot randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry 2000: 176: 387-391.
59. White J, Jones R, McGarry E,. Cognitive behavioural computer therapy for the anxiety disorders: a pilot study. J Ment Health 2000; 9: 505-516.
60. Lack CW, Storch EA,. The use of computers in the assessment and treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Comput Hum Behav 2008; 24: 917-929.
61. Ruwaard J, Broeksteeg J, Schrieken B, et al. Web-based therapist-assisted cognitive behavioral treatment of panic symptoms: a randomized controlled trial with a three-year follow-up. J Anxiety Disord 2010; 24: 387-396
62. Tate DF, Jackvony EH, Wing RR,. Effects of internet behavioral counseling on weight loss in adults at risk for type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial. JAMA 2003; 289: 1833-1836.
63. Winzelberg AJ, Eppstein D, Eldredge KL, et al. Effectiveness of an Internet-based program for reducing risk factors for eating disorders. J Consult Clin Psychol 2000; 68: 346-350.
64. Reger MA, Gahm GA,. A meta-analysis of the effects of internet- and computer-based cognitive-behavioral treatments for anxiety. J Clin Psychol 2009; 65: 53-75.
65. Calear AL, Christensen H, Mackinnon A, et al. The youthmood project: a cluster randomized controlled trial of an online cognitive behavioral program with adolescents. J Consult Clin Psychol 2009; 77: 1021-1032.
66. Cunningham M, Wuthrich V, Rapee R, et al. The cool teens CD-ROM for anxiety disorders in adolescents [10.1007/s00787-008-0703-y]. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2009; 18: 125-129.
67. O'Kearny R, Kanwal Kang M, Christenson H, Griffiths K,. a controlled trial of a school-based internet program for reducing depressive symptoms in adolescent girls. Depress Anxiety 2009; 26: 65-72.
68. Fung DSS, Manassis K, Kenny A, Fiksenbaum L,. Web-based CBT for selective mutism. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2002; 41: 112-113.
69. Dewis LM, Kirkby KC, Martin F, et al. Computer-aided vicarious exposure versus live graded exposure for spider phobia in children. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2001; 32: 17-27.
70. Heinicke BE, Paxton SJ, McLean SNA, Wertheim EH,. Internet-delivered targeted group intervention for body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in adolescent girls: a randomized controlled trial. J Abnorm Child Psychol 2007; 35: 379-391.
71. Gerrits R, van der Zanden A, Visscher R, Conijn B,. Master your mood online: a preventive chat group intervention for adolescents. AeJAMH 2007; 6.
72. Van Voorhees BW, Ellis J, Stuart S, et al. Pilot study of a primary care internet-based depression prevention intervention for late adolescents. Can Child Adolesc Psychiatr Rev 2008; 14: 40-43.
73. O'Kearny R, Gibson M, Christenson H, Griffiths KM,. Effects of a cognitive-behavioural internet program on depression, vulnerability to depression and stigma in adolescent males: a school-based controlled trial. Cogn Behav Ther 2006; 35: 43-54.
74. Spence SH, Holmes J, March S, Lipp O,. The BRAVE internet program for children aged 7-12 years from The University of Queensland: the feasibility and outcome of clinic plus internet delivery of cognitive-behavioural therapy for childhood anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol 2006; 74: 614-621.
75. March S, Spence SH, Donovan CL,. The efficacy of an internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy intervention for child anxiety disorders. J Pediatr Psychol 2009; 34: 474-487.
76. Kendall PC, Khanna MS,. Camp Cope-A-Lot [DVD]. Ardmore, PA: Workbook Publishing.; 2008.
77. Khanna MS, Kendall PC,. Computer assisted CBT for child anxiety: development of the coping cat CD Rom. Cogn Behav Pract 2008; 15: 159-165.
78. Kendall PC, Hedtke K., Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Anxious Children: Therapist Manual. 3rd ed. Ardmore, PA: Workbook Publishing.; 2006.
79. Kendall PC, Hedtke K., Coping Cat Workbook. 2nd ed. Ardmore, PA: Workbook Publishing.; 2006.
80. Kendall PC, Flannery-Schroeder E, Panichelli-Mindel S, et al. Therapy for youths with anxiety disorders: a second randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol 1997; 65: 366-380.
81. Kendall PC, Gosch E, Furr J, Sood E,. Flexibility within fidelity. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2008; 47: 987-993.
82. Khanna MS, Kendall PC,. Computer-assisted cognitive-behavioral therapy for child anxiety: results of a randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol (in press).
83. Kendall PC, Beidas R,. Smoothing the trail for dissemination of evidence-based practices for youth: flexibility within fidelity. Prof Psychol 2007; 38: 13-20.
84. Spek V, Cuijpers P, NyklAicek I, et al. Internet-based cognitive-behaviour therapy for symptoms of depression and anxiety: a meta-analysis. Psychol Med 2007; 37: 319-328.
85. Berger T,. Computer-based technological applications in psychotherapy training. J Clin Psychol 2004; 60: 301-315.
86. Addis ME, Wade WA, Hatgis C,. Barriers to dissemination of evidence-based practices: addressing practitioners' concerns about manual-based psychotherapies. Clin Psychol Sci Pract 1999; 6: 430-441.
87. Cartreine JA, Ahern DK, Locke SE,. A roadmap to computer-based psychotherapy in the United States. Harv Rev Psychiatry 2010; 18: 80-95.
88. Kulik JA,. Meta-analytic studies of findings on computer-based instruction. In:, Baker EL, O'Neil HF, editors. Technology Assessment in Education and Training. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.; 1994: 9-33.
89. Williams CJ, Aubin S, Harkin PJR, Cottrell D,. A randomized, controlled, single-blind trial of teaching provided by a computer-based multimedia package versus lecture. Med Educ 2001; 35: 847-854.
90. Kendall PC, Khanna MS,. CBT4CBT: Computer-Based Training to Become a Cognitive-Behavioral Therapist [DVD]. Ardmore, PA: Workbook Publishing Inc.; 2008.
91. Khanna MS, Kendall PC,. Building an evidence base for clinician training and implementation procedures. Symposium presented at the 43rd Annual Conference of the Association of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies, New York; 2009.