Lovastatin decreases the synthesis of inflammatory mediators in the hippocampus and blocks the hyperthermia of rats submitted to long-lasting status epilepticus

Epilepsy and Behavior

Volumn 20, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 1-5

  Gouveia, Telma Luciana Furtado ^a   Scorza, Fulvio Alexandre ^a   Silva, Michele Juliana Vieira ^a   Bandeira, Tatiane de Aquino ^a   Perosa, Sandra Regina ^a   Argañaraz, Gustavo Adolfo ^a,c   Silva, Marcelo de Paula ^a   Araujo, Thiago Rodrigues ^a   Frangiotti, Maria Isabel Berzaghi ^a   Amado, Débora ^a   Cavalheiro, Esper Abrão ^a   Silva, José Antonio ^b   Naffah Mazzacoratti, Maria da Graça ^a  

^a FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO   (Brazil)

^b UNIVERSIDADE NOVE DE JULHO   (Brazil)

^c FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF RIO GRANDE DO NORTE   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Hippocampus; Inflammatory mediators; Lovastatin; Neuroprotection; Temporal lobe epilepsy

Indexed keywords

BRADYKININ B1 RECEPTOR; BRADYKININ B2 RECEPTOR; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA; INTERLEUKIN 6; MESSENGER RNA; MEVINOLIN; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY; ARTICLE; BODY TEMPERATURE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG MECHANISM; EPILEPTIC STATE; HIPPOCAMPUS; HYPERTHERMIA; MALE; NEUROPROTECTION; NONHUMAN; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; RAT; REAL TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION;

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ANIMALS; BODY TEMPERATURE; CYTOKINES; FEVER; HIPPOCAMPUS; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS; INFLAMMATION MEDIATORS; LOVASTATIN; MALE; NEURONS; PILOCARPINE; RATS; RATS, WISTAR; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RNA, MESSENGER; STATUS EPILEPTICUS;

EID: 78651250696     PISSN: 15255050     EISSN: 15255069     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2010.10.001     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Ginsberg H.N., Le N.A., Short M.P., Ramakrishnan R., Desnick R.J. Suppression of apolipoprotein B production during treatment of cholesteryl ester storage disease with lovastatin: implications for regulation of apolipoprotein B synthesis. J Clin Invest 1987, 80:1692-1697.
2. Griffin W.S. Inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. Am J Clin Nutr 2006, 83:470S-474S.
3. Allan S.M., Tyrrell P.J., Rothwell N.J. Interleukin-1 and neuronal injury. Nat Rev Immunol 2005, 5:629-640.
4. Ravizza T., Noé F., Zardoni D., Vaghi V., Sifringer M., Vezzani A. Interleukin converting enzyme inhibition impairs kindling epileptogenesis in rats by blocking astrocytic IL-1beta production. Neurobiol Dis 2008, 31:327-333.
5. Auvin S., Shin D., Mazarati A., Nakagawa J., Miyamoto J., Sankar R. Inflammation exacerbates seizure-induced injury in the immature brain. Epilepsia 2007, 48(Suppl. 5):27-34. Erratum in: Epilepsia 2007;48:2379.
6. Auvin S., Shin D., Mazarati A., Sankar R. Inflammation induced by LPS enhances epileptogenesis in immature rat and may be partially reversed by IL1RA. Epilepsia 2010, 51(Suppl. 3):34-38.
7. Vezzani A., Granata T. Brain inflammation in epilepsy: experimental and clinical evidence [review]. Epilepsia 2005, 46:1724-1743.
8. Li G., Larson E.B., Sonnen J.A., et al. Statin therapy is associated with reduced neuropathologic changes of Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2007, 69:878-885.
9. Cimino M., Gelosa P., Gianella A., Nobili E., Tremoli E., Sironi L. Statins: multiple mechanisms of action in the ischemic brain. Neuroscientist 2007, 13:208-213.
10. Neuhaus O., Stüve O., Zamvil S.S., Hartung H.P. Are statins a treatment option for multiple sclerosis [review]?. Lancet Neurol 2004, 3:369-371.
11. Rangel P., Cysneiros R.M., Arida R.M., et al. Lovastatin reduces neuronal cell death in hippocampal CA1 subfield after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2005, 63:972-976.
12. Lee J.K., Won J.S., Singh A.K., Singh I. Statin inhibits kainic acid-induced seizure and associated inflammation and hippocampal cell death. Neurosci Lett 2008, 440:260-264.
13. Lee S.H., Kim Y.H., Yoon B.W. Atorvastatin enhances hypothermia-induced neuroprotection after stroke. J Neurol Sci 2008, 275:64-68.
14. Pitkanen A., Sutula T.P. Is epilepsy a progressive disorder? Prospects for new therapeutic approaches in temporal-lobe epilepsy. Lancet Neurol 2002, 1:173-181.
15. Ravizza T., Vezzani A. Status epilepticus induces time-dependent neuronal and astrocytic expression of interleukin-1 receptor type I in the rat limbic system. Neuroscience 2006, 137:301-308.
16. De Simoni M.G., Perego C., Ravizza T., et al. Inflammatory cytokines and related genes are induced in the rat hippocampus by limbic status epilepticus. Eur J Neurosci 2000, 12:2623-2633.
17. Benveniste E.N. Cytokine actions in the central nervous system. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 1998, 9:259-275.
18. Naffah-Mazzacoratti M.G., Bellissimo M.I., Cavalheiro E.A. Profile of prostaglandin levels in the hippocampus in pilocarpine model of epilepsy. Neurochem Int 1995, 27:461-466.
19. Tütüncüoglü S., Kütükçüler N., Kepe L., Coker C., Berdeli A., Tekgul H. Proinflammatory cytokines, prostaglandins and zinc in febrile convulsions. Pediatr Int 2001, 43:235-239.
20. Meldrum B., Garthwaite J. Excitatory amino acid neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative diseases. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1990, 1:379-387.
21. Cavalheiro E.A., Fernandes M.J.S., Turski L., Naffah-Mazzacoratti M.G. Spontaneous recurrent seizures in rats: amino acids and monoamines determination in the hippocampus. Epilepsia 1994, 35:1-11.
22. Smolders I., Van Belle K., Ebinger G., Michotte Y. Hippocampal and cerebellar extracellular amino acids during pilocarpine-induced seizures in freely moving rats. Eur J Pharmacol 1997, 319:21-29.
23. Costa M.S., Rocha J.B.T., Perosa S.R., Cavalheiro E.A., Naffah-Mazzacoratti M.G. Pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus increases glutamate release in rat hippocampal synaptosomes. Neurosci Lett 2004, 356:41-44.
24. Klan G.M., Smolders I., Lindekens H., Manil J., Ebinger G., Michotte Y. Effects of diazepam on extracellular brain neurotransmitter in pilocarpine-induced seizures in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 1999, 373:153-161.
25. Burch R.M., Axelrod J. Dissociation of bradykinin-induced prostaglandin formation from phosphatidylinositol turnover in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts: evidence for G protein regulation of phospholipase A2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1987, 84:6374-6378.
26. Stover J.F., Dohse N.K., Andreas W., Unterberg W. Significant reduction in brain swelling by administration of nonpeptide kinin B2 receptor antagonist LF 16-0687Ms after controlled cortical impact injury in rats. J Neurosurg 2000, 92:853-859.
27. 2 and collagenase release from human corneal epithelial cells. Br J Pharmacol 1998, 123:1127-1137.
28. Souza D.G., Pinho V., Pesquero J.B., et al. Role of the bradykinin B2 receptor for the local and systemic inflammatory response that follows severe reperfusion injury. Br J Pharmacol 2003, 139:129-139.
29. Regoli D.M., Barabé J. Pharmacology of bradykinin and related kinin. Pharmacol Rev 1980, 32:1-46.
30. Marceau F. Kinin B1 receptor: a review. Immunopharmacology 1995, 30:1-26.
31. Calixto J.B., Cabrini D.A., Ferreira J., Campos M.M. Kinins in pain and inflammation. Pain 2000, 87:1-5.
32. Argañaraz G.A., Silva J.A., Perosa S.R., et al. The synthesis and distribution of the kinin B1 and B2 receptors are modified in the hippocampus of rats submitted to pilocarpine model of epilepsy. Brain Res 2004, 1006:114-125.
33. Argañaraz G.A., Perosa S.R., Lencioni E.C., et al. Role of kinin B1 and B2 receptors in the development of pilocarpine model of epilepsy. Brain Res 2004, 1013:30-39.
34. Zacco A., Togo J., Spence K., et al. 3-Hydroxy- 3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors protect cortical neurons from excitotoxicity. J Neurosci 2003, 23:11104-11111.
35. McTaggart F., Buckett L., Davidson R., et al. Preclinical and clinical pharmacology of rosuvastatin, a new 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor. Am J Cardiol 2000, 87:28B-32B.
36. Chen J., Zhang Z.G., Li Y., et al. Statins induce angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and synaptogenesis after stroke. Ann Neurol 2003, 53:743-751.
37. Chen J., Zhang C., Jiang H., et al. Atorvastatin induction of VEGF and BDNF promotes brain plasticity after stroke in mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2005, 25:281-290.
38. Lu D., Goussev A., Chen J., et al. Atorvastatin reduces neurological deficit and increases synaptogenesis, angiogenesis, and neuronal survival in rats subjected to traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 2004, 21:21-32.
39. Lu D., Qu C., Goussev A., et al. Statins increase neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, reduce delayed neuronal death in the hippocampal CA3 region, and improve spatial learning in rat after traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 2007, 24:1132-1146.
40. Shorvon S. Tonic clonic status epilepticus. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1993, 56:125-134.
41. Knake S., Hamer H.M., Rosenow F. Status epilepticus: a critical review. Epilepsy Behav 2009, 15:10-14.
42. Coeytaux A., Jallon P., Galobardes B., et al. Incidence of status epilepticus in French-speaking Switzerland (EPISTAR). Neurology 2000, 55:693-697.
43. Hesdorffer D.C., Logroscino G., Cascino G., et al. Incidence of status epilepticus in Rochester, Minnesota, 1965-1984. Neurology 1998, 50:735-741.
44. Logroscino G., Hesdorffer D.C., Cascino G., et al. Short-term mortality after a first episode of status epilepticus. Epilepsia 1997, 38:1344-1349.
45. Cascino G.D., Hesdorffer D., Logroscino G., et al. Morbidity of nonfebrile status epilepticus in Rochester, Minnesota, 1965-1984. Epilepsia 1998, 39:829-832.
46. Wasterlain C.G., Fujikawa D.G., Penix L., et al. Pathophysiological mechanisms of brain damage from status epilepticus. Epilepsia 1993, 34(Suppl. 1):S37-S53.
47. Walton N.Y. Systemic effects of generalized convulsive status epilepticus. Epilepsia 1993, 34(Suppl. 1):S54-S58.
48. Shorvon S. Status epilepticus: its clinical features and treatment in children and adults 1994, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.
49. Aminoff M.J., Simon R.P. Status epilepticus: causes, clinical features and consequences in 98 patients. Am J Med 1980, 69:657-666.
50. Meldrum B.S., Brierley J.B. Prolonged epileptic seizures in primates: ischemic cell change and its relation to ictal physiological events. Arch Neurol 1973, 28:10-17.
51. Boulant J.A., Gonzalez R.R. The effect of skin temperature on the hypothalamic control of heat loss and heat production. Brain Res 1977, 120:367-372.
52. Egan G.F., Johnson J., Farrell M., et al. Cortical, thalamic, and hypothalamic responses to cooling and warming the skin in awake humans: a positron-emission tomography study. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005, 102:5262-5267.
53. Boulant J.A., Hardy J.D. The effect of spinal and skin temperatures on the firing rate and thermosensitivity of preoptic neurones. J Physiol 1974, 240:639-660.
54. Hori T., Kiyohara T., Shibata M., et al. Responsiveness of monkey preoptic thermosensitive neurons to non-thermal emotional stimuli. Brain Res Bull 1986, 17:75-82.
55. Blatteis C.M. The onset of fever: new insights into its mechanism [review]. Prog Brain Res 2007, 162:3-14.
56. Vezzani A., Balosso S., Ravizza T. The role of cytokines in the pathophysioloy of epilepsy. Brain Behav Immun 2008, 22:797-803.
57. Plata-Salamán C.R., Ilyin S.E., Turrin N.P., et al. Kindling modulates the IL-1beta system, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta1, and neuropeptide mRNAs in specific brain regions. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 2000, 75:248-258.
58. Zimmer L.A., Ennis M., Shipley M.T. Soman-induced seizures rapidly activate astrocytes and microglia in discrete brain regions. J Comp Neurol 1997, 378:482-492.
59. Turrin N.P., Rivest S. Innate immune reaction in response to seizures: implications for the neuropathology associated with epilepsy. Neurobiol Dis 2004, 16:321-334.
60. Jankowsky J.L., Patterson P.H. The role of cytokines and growth factors in seizures and their sequelae. Prog Neurobiol 2001, 63:125-149.
61. McNamara J.O. Cellular and molecular basis of epilepsy. J Neurosci 1994, 14:3413-3425.
62. Parent J.M., Yu T.W., Leibowitz R.T., Geschwind D.H., Sloviter R.S., Lowestein D.H. Dentate granule cell neurogenesis is increased by seizures and contributes to aberrant network reorganization in the adult rat hippocampus. J Neurosci 1997, 17:3727-3738.
63. Koh S., Storey T.W., Santos T.C., Mian A.Y., Cole A.J. Early-life seizures in rats increase susceptibility to seizure-induced brain injury in adulthood. Neurology 1999, 53:915-921.
64. Vezzani A., Conti M., De Luigi A., et al. Interleukin-1 beta immunoreactivity and microglia are enhanced in the rat hippocampus by focal kainate application: functional evidence for enhancement of electrographic seizures. J Neurosci 1999, 19:5054-5065.
65. Bernardino L., Xapelli S., Silva A.P., et al. Modulator effects of interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha on AMPA-induced excitotoxicity in mouse organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. J Neurosci 2005, 25:6734-6744.
66. Ravizza T., Gagliardi B., Noé F., Boer K., Aronica E., Vezzani A. Innate and adaptative immunity during epileptogenesis and spontaneous seizures: evidence from experimental models and human temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurobiol Dis 2008, 29:142-160.
67. Beattie E.C., Stellwagen D., Morishita W., et al. Control of synaptic strength by glial TNFalpha. Science 2002, 295:2282-2285.
68. Viviani B., Bartesaghi S., Gardoni F., et al. Interleukin-1beta enhances NMDA receptor-mediated intracellular calcium increase through activation of the Src family of kinases. J Neurosci 2003, 23:8692-8700.
69. Ye Z.C., Sontheimer H. Cytokine modulation of glial glutamate uptake: a possible involvement of nitric oxide. NeuroReport 1996, 7:2181-2185.
70. Bezzi P., Volterra A. A neuron-glia signaling network in the active brain. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2001, 11:387-394.
71. Aronica E., Gorter J.A., Rozemuller A.J., Yankaya B., Troost D. Interleukin-1 beta down-regulates the expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 in cultured human astrocytes. J Neuroimmunol 2005, 160:188-194.
72. Samland H., Huitron-Resendiz S., Masliah E., Criado J., Henriksen S.J., Campbell I.L. Profound increase in sensitivity of glutamatergic but not cholinergic agonist induced seizures in transgenic mice with astrocyte production of IL-6. J Neurosci Res 2003, 73:176-187.