메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 24, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 184-193

Systemic influence of immunosuppressive drugs on small and large bowel transport and barrier function

Author keywords

diarrhea; gastrointestinal disorders; immunosuppressive drugs; Ussing chamber

Indexed keywords

CHLORIDE; CYCLOSPORIN A; EVEROLIMUS; FINGOLIMOD; GLUCOSE; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT; LACTULOSE; MYCOPHENOLIC ACID; MYCOPHENOLIC ACID 2 MORPHOLINOETHYL ESTER; RAPAMYCIN; SODIUM; TACROLIMUS;

EID: 78651096596     PISSN: 09340874     EISSN: 14322277     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2010.01167.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (19)

References (57)
  • 1
    • 24644461627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunosuppressive agents in solid organ transplantation: Mechanisms of action and therapeutic efficacy
    • Taylor AL, Watson CJ, Bradley JA,. Immunosuppressive agents in solid organ transplantation: mechanisms of action and therapeutic efficacy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2005; 56: 23.
    • (2005) Crit Rev Oncol Hematol , vol.56 , pp. 23
    • Taylor, A.L.1    Watson, C.J.2    Bradley, J.A.3
  • 2
    • 39449090676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence and risk factors for diarrhea following kidney transplantation and association with graft loss and mortality
    • Bunnapradist S, Neri L, Wong W, et al. Incidence and risk factors for diarrhea following kidney transplantation and association with graft loss and mortality. Am J Kidney Dis 2008; 51: 478.
    • (2008) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.51 , pp. 478
    • Bunnapradist, S.1    Neri, L.2    Wong, W.3
  • 3
    • 0031735467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral administration of rapamycin and cyclosporine differentially alter intestinal function in rabbits
    • Dias VC, Madsen KL, Mulder KE, Keelan M, Yatscoff RW, Thomson AB,. Oral administration of rapamycin and cyclosporine differentially alter intestinal function in rabbits. Dig Dis Sci 1998; 43: 2227.
    • (1998) Dig Dis Sci , vol.43 , pp. 2227
    • Dias, V.C.1    Madsen, K.L.2    Mulder, K.E.3    Keelan, M.4    Yatscoff, R.W.5    Thomson, A.B.6
  • 4
    • 0043209120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intestinal sugar absorption is regulated by phosphorylation and turnover of protein kinase C betaII mediated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase- and mammalian target of rapamycin-dependent pathways
    • Helliwell PA, Rumsby MG, Kellett GL,. Intestinal sugar absorption is regulated by phosphorylation and turnover of protein kinase C betaII mediated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase- and mammalian target of rapamycin-dependent pathways. J Biol Chem 2003; 278: 28644.
    • (2003) J Biol Chem , vol.278 , pp. 28644
    • Helliwell, P.A.1    Rumsby, M.G.2    Kellett, G.L.3
  • 6
    • 0028577553 scopus 로고
    • Orally administered immunosuppressants modify intestinal uptake of nutrients in rabbits
    • Dias VC, Madsen KL, Yatscoff RW, Doring K, Thomson AB,. Orally administered immunosuppressants modify intestinal uptake of nutrients in rabbits. Transplantation 1994; 58: 1241.
    • (1994) Transplantation , vol.58 , pp. 1241
    • Dias, V.C.1    Madsen, K.L.2    Yatscoff, R.W.3    Doring, K.4    Thomson, A.B.5
  • 7
    • 67649791479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of commonly used immunosuppressive drugs on the small bowel functions - A comparative experimental study
    • Malinowski M, Martus P, Neuhaus P, Stockmann M,. The influence of commonly used immunosuppressive drugs on the small bowel functions-a comparative experimental study. Ann Transplant 2009; 14: 38.
    • (2009) Ann Transplant , vol.14 , pp. 38
    • Malinowski, M.1    Martus, P.2    Neuhaus, P.3    Stockmann, M.4
  • 8
    • 0037341439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kidney function and morphology after short-term combination therapy with cyclosporine A, tacrolimus and sirolimus in the rat
    • Nielsen FT, Ottosen P, Starklint H, Dieperink H,. Kidney function and morphology after short-term combination therapy with cyclosporine A, tacrolimus and sirolimus in the rat. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2003; 18: 491.
    • (2003) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.18 , pp. 491
    • Nielsen, F.T.1    Ottosen, P.2    Starklint, H.3    Dieperink, H.4
  • 9
    • 0030832514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SDZ RAD, a new rapamycin derivative: Pharmacological properties in vitro and in vivo
    • Schuler W, Sedrani R, Cottens S, et al. SDZ RAD, a new rapamycin derivative: pharmacological properties in vitro and in vivo. Transplantation 1997; 64: 36.
    • (1997) Transplantation , vol.64 , pp. 36
    • Schuler, W.1    Sedrani, R.2    Cottens, S.3
  • 10
    • 40849114655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of the antioxidant idebenone on adverse events under mycophenolate mofetil therapy in a rat model
    • Heller T, Geide A, Bonitz U, et al. Effect of the antioxidant idebenone on adverse events under mycophenolate mofetil therapy in a rat model. Transplantation 2008; 85: 739.
    • (2008) Transplantation , vol.85 , pp. 739
    • Heller, T.1    Geide, A.2    Bonitz, U.3
  • 11
    • 74049157103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of ONO-4057 and tacrolimus on ischemia-reperfusion injury of the liver
    • Takeichi T, Uemoto S, Minamiguchi S, et al. Effect of ONO-4057 and tacrolimus on ischemia-reperfusion injury of the liver. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15: 5712.
    • (2009) World J Gastroenterol , vol.15 , pp. 5712
    • Takeichi, T.1    Uemoto, S.2    Minamiguchi, S.3
  • 12
    • 77649163279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytoprotective actions of FTY720 modulate severe preservation reperfusion injury in rat renal transplants
    • Fuller TF, Hoff U, Kong L, et al. Cytoprotective actions of FTY720 modulate severe preservation reperfusion injury in rat renal transplants. Transplantation 2010; 89: 402.
    • (2010) Transplantation , vol.89 , pp. 402
    • Fuller, T.F.1    Hoff, U.2    Kong, L.3
  • 13
    • 0022885085 scopus 로고
    • Epithelial and subepithelial resistance of rat large intestine: Segmental differences, effect of stripping, time course, and action of aldosterone
    • Schulzke JD, Fromm M, Hegel U,. Epithelial and subepithelial resistance of rat large intestine: segmental differences, effect of stripping, time course, and action of aldosterone. Pflugers Arch 1986; 407: 632.
    • (1986) Pflugers Arch , vol.407 , pp. 632
    • Schulzke, J.D.1    Fromm, M.2    Hegel, U.3
  • 14
    • 0034519320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of epithelial barrier impairment in HIV infection
    • Stockmann M, Schmitz H, Fromm M, et al. Mechanisms of epithelial barrier impairment in HIV infection. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2000; 915: 293.
    • (2000) Ann N y Acad Sci , vol.915 , pp. 293
    • Stockmann, M.1    Schmitz, H.2    Fromm, M.3
  • 15
    • 0034519927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coupling between Na+, sugar, and water transport across the intestine
    • Wright EM, Loo DD,. Coupling between Na+, sugar, and water transport across the intestine. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2000; 915: 54.
    • (2000) Ann N y Acad Sci , vol.915 , pp. 54
    • Wright, E.M.1    Loo, D.D.2
  • 16
    • 0036106105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impairment of epithelial transport but not of barrier function in idiopathic pouchitis after ulcerative colitis
    • Kroesen AJ, Stockmann M, Ransco C, Schulzke JD, Fromm M, Buhr HJ,. Impairment of epithelial transport but not of barrier function in idiopathic pouchitis after ulcerative colitis. Gut 2002; 50: 821.
    • (2002) Gut , vol.50 , pp. 821
    • Kroesen, A.J.1    Stockmann, M.2    Ransco, C.3    Schulzke, J.D.4    Fromm, M.5    Buhr, H.J.6
  • 17
    • 0019403643 scopus 로고
    • The conventional short-circuiting technique under-short-circuits most epithelia
    • Tai YH, Tai CY,. The conventional short-circuiting technique under-short-circuits most epithelia. J Membr Biol 1981; 59: 173.
    • (1981) J Membr Biol , vol.59 , pp. 173
    • Tai, Y.H.1    Tai, C.Y.2
  • 18
    • 78651080418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular structure and regulation of tight junctions
    • New Haven: Academic Press.
    • Van Itallie CM, Anderson JM,. Molecular structure and regulation of tight junctions. Current Topics in Membranes. New Haven: Academic Press, 2001.
    • (2001) Current Topics in Membranes
    • Van Itallie, C.M.1    Anderson, J.M.2
  • 19
    • 78651163279 scopus 로고
    • Ion transport in isolated rabbit ileum I. Short-circuit current and Na fluxes
    • Schultz SG, Zalusky R,. Ion transport in isolated rabbit ileum I. Short-circuit current and Na fluxes. J Gen Physiol 1964; 47: 567.
    • (1964) J Gen Physiol , vol.47 , pp. 567
    • Schultz, S.G.1    Zalusky, R.2
  • 20
    • 0037107435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The active and passive components of glucose absorption in rat jejunum under low and high perfusion stress
    • Helliwell PA, Kellett GL,. The active and passive components of glucose absorption in rat jejunum under low and high perfusion stress. J Physiol 2002; 544: 579.
    • (2002) J Physiol , vol.544 , pp. 579
    • Helliwell, P.A.1    Kellett, G.L.2
  • 21
    • 0027398441 scopus 로고
    • Control of electrogenic Na+ absorption in rat late distal colon by nanomolar aldostreone added in vitro
    • Fromm M, Schulzke JD, Hegel U,. Control of electrogenic Na+ absorption in rat late distal colon by nanomolar aldostreone added in vitro. Am J Physiol 1993; 264: E68.
    • (1993) Am J Physiol , vol.264
    • Fromm, M.1    Schulzke, J.D.2    Hegel, U.3
  • 22
    • 2942536457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytokine-dependent transcriptional down-regulation of epithelial sodium channel in ulcerative colitis
    • Amasheh S, Barmeyer C, Koch CS, et al. Cytokine-dependent transcriptional down-regulation of epithelial sodium channel in ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 2004; 126: 1711.
    • (2004) Gastroenterology , vol.126 , pp. 1711
    • Amasheh, S.1    Barmeyer, C.2    Koch, C.S.3
  • 23
    • 53349115703 scopus 로고
    • Active transport of sodium as the source of electric current in the short-circuited isolated frog skin
    • Ussing HH, Zerahn K,. Active transport of sodium as the source of electric current in the short-circuited isolated frog skin. Acta Phys Scand 1951; 23: 110.
    • (1951) Acta Phys Scand , vol.23 , pp. 110
    • Ussing, H.H.1    Zerahn, K.2
  • 24
    • 0025955609 scopus 로고
    • Vibrio cholerae produces a second enterotoxin, which affects intestinal tight junctions
    • Fasano A, Baudry B, Pumplin DW,. Vibrio cholerae produces a second enterotoxin, which affects intestinal tight junctions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991; 88: 5242.
    • (1991) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.88 , pp. 5242
    • Fasano, A.1    Baudry, B.2    Pumplin, D.W.3
  • 25
    • 33746593241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ion and fluid transport properties of small airways in cystic fibrosis
    • Blouquit S, Regnier A, Dannhoffer L, et al. Ion and fluid transport properties of small airways in cystic fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 174: 299.
    • (2006) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.174 , pp. 299
    • Blouquit, S.1    Regnier, A.2    Dannhoffer, L.3
  • 27
    • 0031749892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of tacrolimus (FK506) on intestinal barrier function and cellular energy production in humans
    • Gabe SM, Bjarnason I, Tolou-Ghamari Z, et al. The effect of tacrolimus (FK506) on intestinal barrier function and cellular energy production in humans. Gastroenterology 1998; 115: 67.
    • (1998) Gastroenterology , vol.115 , pp. 67
    • Gabe, S.M.1    Bjarnason, I.2    Tolou-Ghamari, Z.3
  • 30
    • 23744452277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diarrhea in liver transplant recipients: Etiology and management
    • Ginsburg PM, Thuluvath PJ,. Diarrhea in liver transplant recipients: etiology and management. Liver Transpl 2005; 11: 881.
    • (2005) Liver Transpl , vol.11 , pp. 881
    • Ginsburg, P.M.1    Thuluvath, P.J.2
  • 31
    • 54049130846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of ENaC regulation and clinical implications
    • Bhalla V, Hallows KR,. Mechanisms of ENaC regulation and clinical implications. J Am Soc Nephrol 2008; 19: 1845.
    • (2008) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.19 , pp. 1845
    • Bhalla, V.1    Hallows, K.R.2
  • 32
    • 27144546807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Questionnaire-based evaluation of gastrointestinal disorders in de novo renal-transplant patients receiving either mycophenolate mofetil or enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium
    • Kamar N, Oufroukhi L, Faure P, et al. Questionnaire-based evaluation of gastrointestinal disorders in de novo renal-transplant patients receiving either mycophenolate mofetil or enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2005; 20: 2231.
    • (2005) Nephrol Dial Transplant , vol.20 , pp. 2231
    • Kamar, N.1    Oufroukhi, L.2    Faure, P.3
  • 33
    • 0036901732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative gastrointestinal effects of mycophenolate mofetil capsules and enteric-coated tablets of sodium-mycophenolic acid in beagle dogs
    • Chanda SM, Sellin JH, Torres CM, Yee JP,. Comparative gastrointestinal effects of mycophenolate mofetil capsules and enteric-coated tablets of sodium-mycophenolic acid in beagle dogs. Transplant Proc 2002; 34: 3387.
    • (2002) Transplant Proc , vol.34 , pp. 3387
    • Chanda, S.M.1    Sellin, J.H.2    Torres, C.M.3    Yee, J.P.4
  • 34
    • 51249096080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conversion from mycophenolate mofetil to enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium in renal transplant recipients with gastrointestinal tract disorders
    • Darji P, Vijayaraghavan R, Thiagarajan CM, et al. Conversion from mycophenolate mofetil to enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium in renal transplant recipients with gastrointestinal tract disorders. Transplant Proc 2008; 40: 2262.
    • (2008) Transplant Proc , vol.40 , pp. 2262
    • Darji, P.1    Vijayaraghavan, R.2    Thiagarajan, C.M.3
  • 35
    • 4444369519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of protein targets for mycophenolic acid acyl glucuronide in rat liver and colon tissue
    • Shipkova M, Beck H, Voland A, et al. Identification of protein targets for mycophenolic acid acyl glucuronide in rat liver and colon tissue. Proteomics 2004; 4: 2728.
    • (2004) Proteomics , vol.4 , pp. 2728
    • Shipkova, M.1    Beck, H.2    Voland, A.3
  • 36
    • 5444249625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Villous atrophy induced by mycophenolate mofetil in renal-transplant patients
    • Kamar N, Faure P, Dupuis E, et al. Villous atrophy induced by mycophenolate mofetil in renal-transplant patients. Transpl Int 2004; 17: 463.
    • (2004) Transpl Int , vol.17 , pp. 463
    • Kamar, N.1    Faure, P.2    Dupuis, E.3
  • 38
    • 33947278231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New immunosuppressive drugs for prevention and treatment of rejection in renal transplant
    • Segoloni GP, Quaglia M,. New immunosuppressive drugs for prevention and treatment of rejection in renal transplant. J Nephrol 2006; 19: 578.
    • (2006) J Nephrol , vol.19 , pp. 578
    • Segoloni, G.P.1    Quaglia, M.2
  • 39
    • 20544456156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FTY720, a novel immunomodulator: Efficacy and safety results from the first phase 2A study in de novo renal transplantation
    • Tedesco-Silva H, Mourad G, Kahan BD, et al. FTY720, a novel immunomodulator: efficacy and safety results from the first phase 2A study in de novo renal transplantation. Transplantation 2004; 77: 1826.
    • (2004) Transplantation , vol.77 , pp. 1826
    • Tedesco-Silva, H.1    Mourad, G.2    Kahan, B.D.3
  • 40
    • 0027994850 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of tacrolimus (FK 506) and cyclosporine for immunosuppression in liver transplantation. the U.S. Multicenter FK506 Liver Study Group
    • The U.S. Multicenter FK506 Liver Study Group.
    • The U.S. Multicenter FK506 Liver Study Group. A comparison of tacrolimus (FK 506) and cyclosporine for immunosuppression in liver transplantation. The U.S. Multicenter FK506 Liver Study Group. N Engl J Med 1994; 331: 1110.
    • (1994) N Engl J Med , vol.331 , pp. 1110
  • 41
    • 0031001622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of tacrolimus (FK506) and cyclosporine for immunosuppression after cadaveric renal transplantation. FK506 Kidney Transplant Study Group
    • Pirsch JD, Miller J, Deierhoi MH, Vincenti F, Filo RS,. A comparison of tacrolimus (FK506) and cyclosporine for immunosuppression after cadaveric renal transplantation. FK506 Kidney Transplant Study Group. Transplantation 1997; 63: 977.
    • (1997) Transplantation , vol.63 , pp. 977
    • Pirsch, J.D.1    Miller, J.2    Deierhoi, M.H.3    Vincenti, F.4    Filo, R.S.5
  • 42
    • 2942696213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Results of lis2t, a multicenter, randomized study comparing cyclosporine microemulsion with C2 monitoring and tacrolimus with C0 monitoring in de novo liver transplantation
    • Levy G, Villamil F, Samuel D, et al. Results of lis2t, a multicenter, randomized study comparing cyclosporine microemulsion with C2 monitoring and tacrolimus with C0 monitoring in de novo liver transplantation. Transplantation 2004; 77: 1632.
    • (2004) Transplantation , vol.77 , pp. 1632
    • Levy, G.1    Villamil, F.2    Samuel, D.3
  • 43
    • 0037962306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil combined with very low-dose cyclosporine microemulsion in long-term liver-transplant patients with renal dysfunction
    • Cantarovich M, Tzimas GN, Barkun J, Deschenes M, Alpert E, Tchervenkov J,. Efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil combined with very low-dose cyclosporine microemulsion in long-term liver-transplant patients with renal dysfunction. Transplantation 2003; 76: 98.
    • (2003) Transplantation , vol.76 , pp. 98
    • Cantarovich, M.1    Tzimas, G.N.2    Barkun, J.3    Deschenes, M.4    Alpert, E.5    Tchervenkov, J.6
  • 44
    • 0038638388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mycophenolatemofetil for immunosuppression after liver transplantation: A follow-up study of 191 patients
    • Pfitzmann R, Klupp J, Langrehr JM, et al. Mycophenolatemofetil for immunosuppression after liver transplantation: a follow-up study of 191 patients. Transplantation 2003; 76: 130.
    • (2003) Transplantation , vol.76 , pp. 130
    • Pfitzmann, R.1    Klupp, J.2    Langrehr, J.M.3
  • 45
    • 71249089249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mycophenolate mofetil versus enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium after simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation
    • EB R, CS M, JR S, et al. Mycophenolate mofetil versus enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium after simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation. Transplant Proc 2009; 41: 4265.
    • (2009) Transplant Proc , vol.41 , pp. 4265
    • Eb, R.1    Cs, M.2
  • 46
    • 17844410117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standard dose enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (myfortic) delivers rapid therapeutic mycophenolic acid exposure in kidney transplant recipients
    • Sumethkul V, Na-Bangchang K, Kantachuvesiri S, Jirasiritham S,. Standard dose enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (myfortic) delivers rapid therapeutic mycophenolic acid exposure in kidney transplant recipients. Transplant Proc 2005; 37: 861.
    • (2005) Transplant Proc , vol.37 , pp. 861
    • Sumethkul, V.1    Na-Bangchang, K.2    Kantachuvesiri, S.3    Jirasiritham, S.4
  • 47
    • 0142155129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal function improves in liver transplant recipients when switched from a calcineurin inhibitor to sirolimus
    • Fairbanks KD, Eustace JA, Fine D, Thuluvath PJ,. Renal function improves in liver transplant recipients when switched from a calcineurin inhibitor to sirolimus. Liver Transpl 2003; 9: 1079.
    • (2003) Liver Transpl , vol.9 , pp. 1079
    • Fairbanks, K.D.1    Eustace, J.A.2    Fine, D.3    Thuluvath, P.J.4
  • 48
    • 38049169559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sirolimus for angiomyolipoma in tuberous sclerosis complex or lymphangioleiomyomatosis
    • Bissler JJ, McCormack FX, Young LR, et al. Sirolimus for angiomyolipoma in tuberous sclerosis complex or lymphangioleiomyomatosis. N Engl J Med 2008; 358: 140.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.358 , pp. 140
    • Bissler, J.J.1    McCormack, F.X.2    Young, L.R.3
  • 49
  • 50
    • 52049125970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of RAD001 (everolimus) and octreotide LAR in advanced low- to intermediate-grade neuroendocrine tumors: Results of a phase II study
    • Yao JC, Phan AT, Chang DZ, et al. Efficacy of RAD001 (everolimus) and octreotide LAR in advanced low- to intermediate-grade neuroendocrine tumors: results of a phase II study. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26: 4311.
    • (2008) J Clin Oncol , vol.26 , pp. 4311
    • Yao, J.C.1    Phan, A.T.2    Chang, D.Z.3
  • 51
    • 33749002279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase I/II study of the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor everolimus (RAD001) in patients with relapsed or refractory hematologic malignancies
    • Yee KW, Zeng Z, Konopleva M, et al. Phase I/II study of the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor everolimus (RAD001) in patients with relapsed or refractory hematologic malignancies. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12: 5165.
    • (2006) Clin Cancer Res , vol.12 , pp. 5165
    • Yee, K.W.1    Zeng, Z.2    Konopleva, M.3
  • 52
    • 77955799815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral fingolimod (FTY720) for relapsing multiple sclerosis
    • Kappos L, Antel J, Comi G, et al. Oral fingolimod (FTY720) for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2006; 355: 1124.
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.355 , pp. 1124
    • Kappos, L.1    Antel, J.2    Comi, G.3
  • 53
    • 0037443995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Erosive enterocolitis in mycophenolate mofetil-treated renal-transplant recipients with persistent afebrile diarrhea
    • Maes BD, Dalle I, Geboes K, et al. Erosive enterocolitis in mycophenolate mofetil-treated renal-transplant recipients with persistent afebrile diarrhea. Transplantation 2003; 75: 665.
    • (2003) Transplantation , vol.75 , pp. 665
    • Maes, B.D.1    Dalle, I.2    Geboes, K.3
  • 54
    • 0242552696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Histologic features of mycophenolate mofetil-related colitis: A graft-versus-host disease-like pattern
    • Papadimitriou JC, Cangro CB, Lustberg A, et al. Histologic features of mycophenolate mofetil-related colitis: a graft-versus-host disease-like pattern. Int J Surg Pathol 2003; 11: 295.
    • (2003) Int J Surg Pathol , vol.11 , pp. 295
    • Papadimitriou, J.C.1    Cangro, C.B.2    Lustberg, A.3
  • 57
    • 54849422372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subcellular alterations that lead to diarrhea during bacterial pathogenesis
    • Guttman JA, Finlay BB,. Subcellular alterations that lead to diarrhea during bacterial pathogenesis. Trends Microbiol 2008; 16: 535.
    • (2008) Trends Microbiol , vol.16 , pp. 535
    • Guttman, J.A.1    Finlay, B.B.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.