메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 11, Issue 8, 2005, Pages 881-890

Diarrhea in liver transplant recipients: Etiology and management

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALPHA INTERFERON; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; ANTIPARASITIC AGENT; ANTIVIRUS AGENT; AZATHIOPRINE; CORTICOSTEROID; CYCLOSPORIN A; GANCICLOVIR; IMMUNOMODULATING AGENT; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT; METRONIDAZOLE; MYCOPHENOLIC ACID 2 MORPHOLINOETHYL ESTER; RAPAMYCIN; TACROLIMUS;

EID: 23744452277     PISSN: 15276465     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/lt.20500     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (110)

References (93)
  • 1
    • 0028032889 scopus 로고
    • Etiology and outcome of diarrhea after marrow transplantation: A prospective study
    • Cox GJ, Matsui SM, Lo RS, Hinds M, Bowden RA, Hackman RC, et al. Etiology and outcome of diarrhea after marrow transplantation: a prospective study. Gastroenterology 1994;107: 1398-1407.
    • (1994) Gastroenterology , vol.107 , pp. 1398-1407
    • Cox, G.J.1    Matsui, S.M.2    Lo, R.S.3    Hinds, M.4    Bowden, R.A.5    Hackman, R.C.6
  • 4
    • 0036201326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colorectal disease in liver allograft recipients - A clinicopathological study with follow-up
    • Wong NA, Bathgate AJ, Bellamy CO. Colorectal disease in liver allograft recipients - a clinicopathological study with follow-up. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002;14:231-236.
    • (2002) Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. , vol.14 , pp. 231-236
    • Wong, N.A.1    Bathgate, A.J.2    Bellamy, C.O.3
  • 5
    • 0034986095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunosuppressive therapy and post-transplantation diarrhea
    • Pescovitz MD, Navarro MT. Immunosuppressive therapy and post-transplantation diarrhea. Clin Transplant 2001;15(Suppl 4):23-28.
    • (2001) Clin. Transplant. , vol.15 , Issue.SUPPL. 4 , pp. 23-28
    • Pescovitz, M.D.1    Navarro, M.T.2
  • 8
    • 0037018951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The commonality of risk factors for nosocomial colonization and infection with antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus, gram-negative bacilli, Clostridium difficile, and Candida
    • Safdar N, Maki DG. The commonality of risk factors for nosocomial colonization and infection with antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus, gram-negative bacilli, Clostridium difficile, and Candida. Ann Intern Med 2002; 136:834-844.
    • (2002) Ann. Intern. Med. , vol.136 , pp. 834-844
    • Safdar, N.1    Maki, D.G.2
  • 9
    • 17344365787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diarrhea and Clostridium difficile infection in Latin American patients with AIDS
    • Working Group on AIDS in Peru
    • Willingham FF, Ticona CE, Taylor DN, Bowen AB, Crane AR, Gottlieb AL, et al. Diarrhea and Clostridium difficile infection in Latin American patients with AIDS. Working Group on AIDS in Peru. Clin Infect Dis 1998;27:487-493.
    • (1998) Clin. Infect. Dis. , vol.27 , pp. 487-493
    • Willingham, F.F.1    Ticona, C.E.2    Taylor, D.N.3    Bowen, A.B.4    Crane, A.R.5    Gottlieb, A.L.6
  • 10
    • 0036192008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fulminant Clostridium difficile: An underappreciated and increasing cause of death and complications
    • Dallal RM, Harbrecht BG, Boujoukas AJ, Sirio CA, Farkas LM, Lee KK, et al. Fulminant Clostridium difficile: an underappreciated and increasing cause of death and complications. Ann Surg 2002;235:363-372.
    • (2002) Ann. Surg. , vol.235 , pp. 363-372
    • Dallal, R.M.1    Harbrecht, B.G.2    Boujoukas, A.J.3    Sirio, C.A.4    Farkas, L.M.5    Lee, K.K.6
  • 11
    • 3242700440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clostridium difficile colitis in patients after kidney and pancreas-kidney transplantation
    • Keven K, Basu A, Re L, Tan H, Marcos A, Fung JJ, et al. Clostridium difficile colitis in patients after kidney and pancreas-kidney transplantation. Transpl Infect Dis 2004;6:10-14.
    • (2004) Transpl. Infect. Dis. , vol.6 , pp. 10-14
    • Keven, K.1    Basu, A.2    Re, L.3    Tan, H.4    Marcos, A.5    Fung, J.J.6
  • 13
    • 0033754142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clostridium difficile infection in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients is associated with severe graft-versus-host disease and non-relapse mortality
    • Chakrabarti S, Lees A, Jones SG, Milligan DW. Clostridium difficile infection in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients is associated with severe graft-versus-host disease and non-relapse mortality. Bone Marrow Transplant 2000;26:871-876.
    • (2000) Bone Marrow Transplant. , vol.26 , pp. 871-876
    • Chakrabarti, S.1    Lees, A.2    Jones, S.G.3    Milligan, D.W.4
  • 14
    • 0038075105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surveillance of nosocomial infections in adult recipients of allogeneic and autologous bone marrow and peripheral blood stem-cell transplantation
    • Dettenkofer M, Ebner W, Bertz H, Babikir R, Finke J, Frank U, et al. Surveillance of nosocomial infections in adult recipients of allogeneic and autologous bone marrow and peripheral blood stem-cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2003;31: 795-801.
    • (2003) Bone Marrow Transplant. , vol.31 , pp. 795-801
    • Dettenkofer, M.1    Ebner, W.2    Bertz, H.3    Babikir, R.4    Finke, J.5    Frank, U.6
  • 17
    • 0029782102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytomegalovirus infection following liver transplantation: Review of the literature
    • Kanj SS, Sharara AI, Clavien PA, Hamilton JD. Cytomegalovirus infection following liver transplantation: review of the literature. Clin Infect Dis 1996;22:537-549.
    • (1996) Clin. Infect. Dis. , vol.22 , pp. 537-549
    • Kanj, S.S.1    Sharara, A.I.2    Clavien, P.A.3    Hamilton, J.D.4
  • 18
    • 0036535058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preemptive use of oral ganciclovir to prevent cytomegalovirus infection in liver transplant patients: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial
    • Paya CV, Wilson JA, Espy MJ, Sia IG, DeBernardi MJ, Smith TF, et al. Preemptive use of oral ganciclovir to prevent cytomegalovirus infection in liver transplant patients: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Infect Dis 2002;185:854-860.
    • (2002) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.185 , pp. 854-860
    • Paya, C.V.1    Wilson, J.A.2    Espy, M.J.3    Sia, I.G.4    DeBernardi, M.J.5    Smith, T.F.6
  • 19
  • 20
    • 0035884713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective randomized trial to assess the value of preemptive oral therapy for CMV infection following liver transplantation
    • Rayes N, Seehofer D, Schmidt CA, Oettle H, Muller AR, Steinmuller T, et al. Prospective randomized trial to assess the value of preemptive oral therapy for CMV infection following liver transplantation. Transplantation 2001;72:881-885.
    • (2001) Transplantation , vol.72 , pp. 881-885
    • Rayes, N.1    Seehofer, D.2    Schmidt, C.A.3    Oettle, H.4    Muller, A.R.5    Steinmuller, T.6
  • 21
    • 1642484400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of evolving trends in recipient and donor characteristics on cytomegalovirus infection in liver transplant recipients
    • Singh N, Wannstedt C, Keyes L, Wagener MM, de Vera M, Cacciarelli TV, et al. Impact of evolving trends in recipient and donor characteristics on cytomegalovirus infection in liver transplant recipients. Transplantation 2004;77:106-110.
    • (2004) Transplantation , vol.77 , pp. 106-110
    • Singh, N.1    Wannstedt, C.2    Keyes, L.3    Wagener, M.M.4    de Vera, M.5    Cacciarelli, T.V.6
  • 22
    • 0036250743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of cytomegalovirus infection, year of transplantation, and donor age on outcomes after liver transplantation for hepatitis C
    • Burak KW, Kremers WK, Batts KP, Wiesner RH, Rosen CB, Razonable RR, et al. Impact of cytomegalovirus infection, year of transplantation, and donor age on outcomes after liver transplantation for hepatitis C. Liver Transpl 2002;8:362-369.
    • (2002) Liver Transpl. , vol.8 , pp. 362-369
    • Burak, K.W.1    Kremers, W.K.2    Batts, K.P.3    Wiesner, R.H.4    Rosen, C.B.5    Razonable, R.R.6
  • 25
    • 0344889012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytomegalovirus detected in the upper gastrointestinal tract parallel with CMV-antigenemia in liver transplant patients
    • Halme L, Hockerstedt K, Salmela K, Lautenschlager I. Cytomegalovirus detected in the upper gastrointestinal tract parallel with CMV-antigenemia in liver transplant patients. Transplant Proc 1999;31:487.
    • (1999) Transplant. Proc. , vol.31 , pp. 487
    • Halme, L.1    Hockerstedt, K.2    Salmela, K.3    Lautenschlager, I.4
  • 26
    • 0000929494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CMV infection detected in the upper gastrointestinal tract after liver transplantation
    • Halme L, Hockerstedt K, Salmela K, Lautenschlager I. CMV infection detected in the upper gastrointestinal tract after liver transplantation. Transpl Int 1998;11(Suppl 1):S242-S244.
    • (1998) Transpl. Int. , vol.11 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Halme, L.1    Hockerstedt, K.2    Salmela, K.3    Lautenschlager, I.4
  • 27
    • 0037708573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytomegalovirus infection and development of biliary complications after liver transplantation
    • Halme L, Hockerstedt K, Lautenschlager I. Cytomegalovirus infection and development of biliary complications after liver transplantation. Transplantation 2003;75:1853-1858.
    • (2003) Transplantation , vol.75 , pp. 1853-1858
    • Halme, L.1    Hockerstedt, K.2    Lautenschlager, I.3
  • 29
    • 0031581506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised trial of efficacy and safety of oral ganciclovir in the prevention of cytomegalovirus disease in liver-transplant recipients
    • The Oral Ganciclovir International Transplantation Study Group [Corrected]
    • Gane E, Saliba F, Valdecasas GJ, O'Grady J, Pescovitz MD, Lyman S, et al. Randomised trial of efficacy and safety of oral ganciclovir in the prevention of cytomegalovirus disease in liver-transplant recipients. The Oral Ganciclovir International Transplantation Study Group [Corrected]. Lancet 1997;350:1729-1733.
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.350 , pp. 1729-1733
    • Gane, E.1    Saliba, F.2    Valdecasas, G.J.3    O'Grady, J.4    Pescovitz, M.D.5    Lyman, S.6
  • 30
    • 0034666047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytomegalovirus antigenemia directed pre-emptive prophylaxis with oral versus I.V. ganciclovir for the prevention of cytomegalovirus disease in liver transplant recipients: A randomized, controlled trial
    • Singh N, Paterson DL, Gayowski T, Wagener MM, Marino IR. Cytomegalovirus antigenemia directed pre-emptive prophylaxis with oral versus I.V. ganciclovir for the prevention of cytomegalovirus disease in liver transplant recipients: a randomized, controlled trial. Transplantation 2000;70:717-722.
    • (2000) Transplantation , vol.70 , pp. 717-722
    • Singh, N.1    Paterson, D.L.2    Gayowski, T.3    Wagener, M.M.4    Marino, I.R.5
  • 31
    • 2342533013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low incidence of cytomegalovirus disease in liver transplant recipients receiving sirolimus primary immunosuppression with 3-day corticosteroid taper
    • Trotter JF, Wallack A, Steinberg T. Low incidence of cytomegalovirus disease in liver transplant recipients receiving sirolimus primary immunosuppression with 3-day corticosteroid taper. Transpl Infect Dis 2003;5:174-180.
    • (2003) Transpl. Infect. Dis. , vol.5 , pp. 174-180
    • Trotter, J.F.1    Wallack, A.2    Steinberg, T.3
  • 32
    • 0031441891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term ganciclovir prophylaxis for successful prevention of primary cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in CMV-seronegative liver transplant recipients with CMV-seropositive donors
    • Seu P, Winston DJ, Holt CD, Kaldas F, Busuttil RW. Long-term ganciclovir prophylaxis for successful prevention of primary cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in CMV-seronegative liver transplant recipients with CMV-seropositive donors. Transplantation 1997;64:1614-1617.
    • (1997) Transplantation , vol.64 , pp. 1614-1617
    • Seu, P.1    Winston, D.J.2    Holt, C.D.3    Kaldas, F.4    Busuttil, R.W.5
  • 33
    • 0029065431 scopus 로고
    • Randomised comparison of ganciclovir and high-dose acyclovir for long-term cytomegalovirus prophylaxis in liver-transplant recipients
    • Winston DJ, Wirin D, Shaked A, Busuttil RW. Randomised comparison of ganciclovir and high-dose acyclovir for long-term cytomegalovirus prophylaxis in liver-transplant recipients. Lancet 1995;346:69-74.
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.346 , pp. 69-74
    • Winston, D.J.1    Wirin, D.2    Shaked, A.3    Busuttil, R.W.4
  • 34
    • 0037467792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized controlled trial of oral ganciclovir versus oral acyclovir after induction with intravenous ganciclovir for long-term prophylaxis of cytomegalovirus disease in cytomegalovirus-seropositive liver transplant recipients
    • Winston DJ, Busuttil RW. Randomized controlled trial of oral ganciclovir versus oral acyclovir after induction with intravenous ganciclovir for long-term prophylaxis of cytomegalovirus disease in cytomegalovirus-seropositive liver transplant recipients. Transplantation 2003;75:229-233.
    • (2003) Transplantation , vol.75 , pp. 229-233
    • Winston, D.J.1    Busuttil, R.W.2
  • 35
    • 0742304547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized controlled trial of sequential intravenous and oral ganciclovir versus prolonged intravenous ganciclovir for long-term prophylaxis of cytomegalovirus disease in high-risk cytomegalovirus-seronegative liver transplant recipients with cytomegalovirus-seropositive donors
    • Winston DJ, Busuttil RW. Randomized controlled trial of sequential intravenous and oral ganciclovir versus prolonged intravenous ganciclovir for long-term prophylaxis of cytomegalovirus disease in high-risk cytomegalovirus-seronegative liver transplant recipients with cytomegalovirus-seropositive donors. Transplantation 2004;77:305-308.
    • (2004) Transplantation , vol.77 , pp. 305-308
    • Winston, D.J.1    Busuttil, R.W.2
  • 36
    • 0033863399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infectious gastro-enteritis: An uncommon cause of diarrhoea in adult allogeneic and autologous stem cell transplant recipients
    • van Kraaij MG, Dekker AW, Verdonck LF, van Loon AM, Vinje J, Koopmans MP, et al. Infectious gastro-enteritis: an uncommon cause of diarrhoea in adult allogeneic and autologous stem cell transplant recipients. Bone Marrow Transplant 2000;26: 299-303.
    • (2000) Bone Marrow Transplant. , vol.26 , pp. 299-303
    • van Kraaij, M.G.1    Dekker, A.W.2    Verdonck, L.F.3    van Loon, A.M.4    Vinje, J.5    Koopmans, M.P.6
  • 37
    • 0035956723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic diarrhea as a result of intestinal microsposidiosis in a liver transplant recipient
    • Goetz M, Eichenlaub S, Pape GR, Hoffmann RM. Chronic diarrhea as a result of intestinal microsposidiosis in a liver transplant recipient. Transplantation 2001;71:334-337.
    • (2001) Transplantation , vol.71 , pp. 334-337
    • Goetz, M.1    Eichenlaub, S.2    Pape, G.R.3    Hoffmann, R.M.4
  • 39
    • 0030850960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First report of invasive amebiasis in an organ transplant recipient
    • Palau LA, Kemmerly SA. First report of invasive amebiasis in an organ transplant recipient. Transplantation 1997;64:936-937.
    • (1997) Transplantation , vol.64 , pp. 936-937
    • Palau, L.A.1    Kemmerly, S.A.2
  • 40
    • 0031951341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small bowel bacterial overgrowth as a cause of chronic diarrhea after liver transplantation in children
    • Mack DR, Dhawan A, Kaufman SS, Langnas AN, Seemayer TA. Small bowel bacterial overgrowth as a cause of chronic diarrhea after liver transplantation in children. Liver Transpl Surg 1998; 4:166-169.
    • (1998) Liver Transpl. Surg. , vol.4 , pp. 166-169
    • Mack, D.R.1    Dhawan, A.2    Kaufman, S.S.3    Langnas, A.N.4    Seemayer, T.A.5
  • 41
    • 0037443995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Erosive enterocolitis in mycophenolate mofetil-treated renal-transplant recipients with persistent afebrile diarrhea
    • Maes BD, Dalle I, Geboes K, Oellerich M, Armstrong VW, Evenepoel P, et al. Erosive enterocolitis in mycophenolate mofetil-treated renal-transplant recipients with persistent afebrile diarrhea. Transplantation 2003;75:665-672.
    • (2003) Transplantation , vol.75 , pp. 665-672
    • Maes, B.D.1    Dalle, I.2    Geboes, K.3    Oellerich, M.4    Armstrong, V.W.5    Evenepoel, P.6
  • 42
    • 0035000726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized double-blind comparative study of mycophenolate mofetil and azathioprine in combination with cyclosporine and corticosteroids in primary liver transplant recipients
    • Wiesner R, Rabkin J, Klintmalm G, McDiarmid S, Langnas A, Punch J, et al. A randomized double-blind comparative study of mycophenolate mofetil and azathioprine in combination with cyclosporine and corticosteroids in primary liver transplant recipients. Liver Transpl 2001;7:442-450.
    • (2001) Liver Transpl. , vol.7 , pp. 442-450
    • Wiesner, R.1    Rabkin, J.2    Klintmalm, G.3    McDiarmid, S.4    Langnas, A.5    Punch, J.6
  • 43
    • 0037962306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil combined with very low-dose cyclosporine microemulsion in long-term liver-transplant patients with renal dysfunction
    • Cantarovich M, Tzimas GN, Barkun J, Deschenes M, Alpert E, Tchervenkov J. Efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil combined with very low-dose cyclosporine microemulsion in long-term liver-transplant patients with renal dysfunction. Transplantation 2003;76:98-102.
    • (2003) Transplantation , vol.76 , pp. 98-102
    • Cantarovich, M.1    Tzimas, G.N.2    Barkun, J.3    Deschenes, M.4    Alpert, E.5    Tchervenkov, J.6
  • 44
    • 9944252971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil in liver transplant recipients with calcineurin inhibitor-induced renal dysfunction
    • Koch RO, Graziadei IW, Schutz F, Nachbaur K, Konigsrainer A, Margreiter R, et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil in liver transplant recipients with calcineurin inhibitor-induced renal dysfunction. Transpl Int 2004.
    • (2004) Transpl. Int.
    • Koch, R.O.1    Graziadei, I.W.2    Schutz, F.3    Nachbaur, K.4    Konigsrainer, A.5    Margreiter, R.6
  • 45
    • 0038638388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mycophenolatemofetil for immunosuppression after liver transplantation: A follow-up study of 191 patients
    • Pfitzmann R, Klupp J, Langrehr JM, Uhl M, Neuhaus R, Settmacher U, et al. Mycophenolatemofetil for immunosuppression after liver transplantation: a follow-up study of 191 patients. Transplantation 2003;76:130-136.
    • (2003) Transplantation , vol.76 , pp. 130-136
    • Pfitzmann, R.1    Klupp, J.2    Langrehr, J.M.3    Uhl, M.4    Neuhaus, R.5    Settmacher, U.6
  • 46
    • 4544361829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mycophenolate mofetil monotherapy in liver transplant recipients: A single center experience
    • Fairbanks KD, Thuluvath PJ. Mycophenolate mofetil monotherapy in liver transplant recipients: a single center experience. Liver Transpl 2004;10:1189-1194.
    • (2004) Liver Transpl. , vol.10 , pp. 1189-1194
    • Fairbanks, K.D.1    Thuluvath, P.J.2
  • 49
    • 0029006409 scopus 로고
    • Placebo-controlled study of mycophenolate mofetil combined with cyclosporin and corticosteroids for prevention of acute rejection
    • European Mycophenolate Mofetil Cooperative Study Group. European Mycophenolate Mofetil Cooperative Study Group
    • European Mycophenolate Mofetil Cooperative Study Group. Placebo-controlled study of mycophenolate mofetil combined with cyclosporin and corticosteroids for prevention of acute rejection. European Mycophenolate Mofetil Cooperative Study Group. Lancet 1995;345:1321-1325.
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.345 , pp. 1321-1325
  • 50
    • 0006986048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A blinded, randomized clinical trial of mycophenolate mofetil for the prevention of acute rejection in cadaveric renal transplantation
    • Tricontinental Mycophenolate Mofetil Renal Transplantation Study Group. Tricontinental Mycophenolate Mofetil Renal Transplantation Study Group
    • Tricontinental Mycophenolate Mofetil Renal Transplantation Study Group.A blinded, randomized clinical trial of mycophenolate mofetil for the prevention of acute rejection in cadaveric renal transplantation. Tricontinental Mycophenolate Mofetil Renal Transplantation Study Group. Transplantation 1996;61: 1029-1037.
    • (1996) Transplantation , vol.61 , pp. 1029-1037
  • 51
    • 0029115531 scopus 로고
    • Mycophenolate mofetil for the prevention of acute rejection in primary cadaveric renal allograft recipients
    • U.S. Renal Transplant Mycophenolate Mofetil Study Group
    • Sollinger HW. Mycophenolate mofetil for the prevention of acute rejection in primary cadaveric renal allograft recipients. U.S. Renal Transplant Mycophenolate Mofetil Study Group. Transplantation 1995;60:225-232.
    • (1995) Transplantation , vol.60 , pp. 225-232
    • Sollinger, H.W.1
  • 52
    • 0028124324 scopus 로고
    • Randomised trial comparing tacrolimus (FK506) and cyclosporin in prevention of liver allograft rejection
    • European FK506 Multicentre Liver Study Group. European FK506 Multicentre Liver Study Group
    • European FK506 Multicentre Liver Study Group. Randomised trial comparing tacrolimus (FK506) and cyclosporin in prevention of liver allograft rejection. European FK506 Multicentre Liver Study Group. Lancet 1994;344:423-428.
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.344 , pp. 423-428
  • 53
    • 0027994850 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of tacrolimus (FK 506) and cyclosporine for immunosuppression in liver transplantation
    • U.S. Multicenter FK506 Liver Study Group. The U.S. Multicenter FK506 Liver Study Group
    • U.S. Multicenter FK506 Liver Study Group. A comparison of tacrolimus (FK 506) and cyclosporine for immunosuppression in liver transplantation. The U.S. Multicenter FK506 Liver Study Group. N Engl J Med 1994;331:1110-1115.
    • (1994) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.331 , pp. 1110-1115
  • 54
    • 0031001622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of tacrolimus (FK506) and cyclosporine for immunosuppression after cadaveric renal transplantation
    • FK506 Kidney Transplant Study Group
    • Pirsch JD, Miller J, Deierhoi MH, Vincenti F, Filo RS. A comparison of tacrolimus (FK506) and cyclosporine for immunosuppression after cadaveric renal transplantation. FK506 Kidney Transplant Study Group. Transplantation 1997;63:977-983.
    • (1997) Transplantation , vol.63 , pp. 977-983
    • Pirsch, J.D.1    Miller, J.2    Deierhoi, M.H.3    Vincenti, F.4    Filo, R.S.5
  • 55
    • 0030836803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multicenter randomized trial comparing tacrolimus (FK506) and cyclosporine in the prevention of renal allograft rejection: A report of the European Tacrolimus Multicenter Renal Study Group
    • Mayer AD, Dmitrewski J, Squifflet JP, Besse T, Grabensee B, Klein B, et al. Multicenter randomized trial comparing tacrolimus (FK506) and cyclosporine in the prevention of renal allograft rejection: a report of the European Tacrolimus Multicenter Renal Study Group. Transplantation 1997;64:436-443.
    • (1997) Transplantation , vol.64 , pp. 436-443
    • Mayer, A.D.1    Dmitrewski, J.2    Squifflet, J.P.3    Besse, T.4    Grabensee, B.5    Klein, B.6
  • 56
    • 10744219905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early steroid withdrawal after liver transplantation: The Canadian tacrolimus versus microemulsion cyclosporin A trial: 1-year follow-up
    • Greig P, Lilly L, Scudamore C, Erb S, Yoshida E, Kneteman N, et al. Early steroid withdrawal after liver transplantation: the Canadian tacrolimus versus microemulsion cyclosporin A trial: 1-year follow-up. Liver Transpl 2003;9:587-595.
    • (2003) Liver Transpl. , vol.9 , pp. 587-595
    • Greig, P.1    Lilly, L.2    Scudamore, C.3    Erb, S.4    Yoshida, E.5    Kneteman, N.6
  • 57
    • 0037068958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tacrolimus versus microemulsified ciclosporin in liver transplantation: The TMC randomised controlled trial
    • O'Grady JG, Burroughs A, Hardy P, Elbourne D, Truesdale A. Tacrolimus versus microemulsified ciclosporin in liver transplantation: the TMC randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2002;360: 1119-1125.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.360 , pp. 1119-1125
    • O'Grady, J.G.1    Burroughs, A.2    Hardy, P.3    Elbourne, D.4    Truesdale, A.5
  • 58
    • 0032573710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized trial of cyclosporine microemulsion (neoral) versus conventional cyclosporine in liver transplantation: MILTON study
    • Multicentre International Study in Liver Transplantation of Neoral
    • Otto MG, Mayer AD, Clavien PA, Cavallari A, Gunawardena KA, Mueller EA. Randomized trial of cyclosporine microemulsion (neoral) versus conventional cyclosporine in liver transplantation: MILTON study. Multicentre International Study in Liver Transplantation of Neoral. Transplantation 1998;66: 1632-1640.
    • (1998) Transplantation , vol.66 , pp. 1632-1640
    • Otto, M.G.1    Mayer, A.D.2    Clavien, P.A.3    Cavallari, A.4    Gunawardena, K.A.5    Mueller, E.A.6
  • 59
    • 2942696213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Results of lis2t, a multicenter, randomized study comparing cyclosporine microemulsion with C2 monitoring and tacrolimus with C0 monitoring in de novo liver transplantation
    • Levy G, Villamil F, Samuel D, Sanjuan F, Grazi GL, Wu Y, et al. Results of lis2t, a multicenter, randomized study comparing cyclosporine microemulsion with C2 monitoring and tacrolimus with C0 monitoring in de novo liver transplantation. Transplantation 2004;77:1632-1638.
    • (2004) Transplantation , vol.77 , pp. 1632-1638
    • Levy, G.1    Villamil, F.2    Samuel, D.3    Sanjuan, F.4    Grazi, G.L.5    Wu, Y.6
  • 60
    • 0036870921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential effect of diarrhea on FK506 versus cyclosporine A trough levels and resultant prevention of allograft rejection in renal transplant recipients
    • Maes BD, Lemahieu W, Kuypers D, Evenepoel P, Coosemans W, Pirenne J, et al. Differential effect of diarrhea on FK506 versus cyclosporine A trough levels and resultant prevention of allograft rejection in renal transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2002;2:989-992.
    • (2002) Am. J. Transplant. , vol.2 , pp. 989-992
    • Maes, B.D.1    Lemahieu, W.2    Kuypers, D.3    Evenepoel, P.4    Coosemans, W.5    Pirenne, J.6
  • 62
    • 0038299000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sirolimus: Its discovery, biological properties, and mechanism of action
    • Sehgal SN. Sirolimus: its discovery, biological properties, and mechanism of action. Transplant Proc 2003;35(Suppl 3):7S-14S.
    • (2003) Transplant. Proc. , vol.35 , Issue.SUPPL. 3
    • Sehgal, S.N.1
  • 63
    • 0037623421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ten years of sirolimus therapy in orthotopic liver transplant recipients
    • Neff GW, Montalbano M, Tzakis AG. Ten years of sirolimus therapy in orthotopic liver transplant recipients. Transplant Proc 2003;35(Suppl 3):209S-216S.
    • (2003) Transplant. Proc. , vol.35 , Issue.SUPPL. 3
    • Neff, G.W.1    Montalbano, M.2    Tzakis, A.G.3
  • 64
    • 0142155129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal function improves in liver transplant recipients when switched from a calcineurin inhibitor to sirolimus
    • Fairbanks KD, Eustace JA, Fine D, Thuluvath PJ. Renal function improves in liver transplant recipients when switched from a calcineurin inhibitor to sirolimus. Liver Transpl 2003;9:1079-1085.
    • (2003) Liver Transpl. , vol.9 , pp. 1079-1085
    • Fairbanks, K.D.1    Eustace, J.A.2    Fine, D.3    Thuluvath, P.J.4
  • 65
    • 33644565472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative analysis of sirolimus in monotherapy versus sirolimus + prednisone in liver transplant recipients
    • Maheshwari A, Thuluvath PJ. Comparative analysis of sirolimus in monotherapy versus sirolimus + prednisone in liver transplant recipients. Hepatology 2004;40:A558.
    • (2004) Hepatology , vol.40
    • Maheshwari, A.1    Thuluvath, P.J.2
  • 66
    • 0038782019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A retrospective review of sirolimus (Rapamune) therapy in orthotopic liver transplant recipients diagnosed with chronic rejection
    • Neff GW, Montalbano M, Slapak-Green G, Berney T, Bejarano PA, Joshi A, et al. A retrospective review of sirolimus (Rapamune) therapy in orthotopic liver transplant recipients diagnosed with chronic rejection. Liver Transpl 2003;9:477-483.
    • (2003) Liver Transpl. , vol.9 , pp. 477-483
    • Neff, G.W.1    Montalbano, M.2    Slapak-Green, G.3    Berney, T.4    Bejarano, P.A.5    Joshi, A.6
  • 67
    • 0035956745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A worldwide, phase III, randomized, controlled, safety and efficacy study of a sirolimus/cyclosporine regimen for prevention of acute rejection in recipients of primary mismatched renal allografts
    • MacDonald AS. A worldwide, phase III, randomized, controlled, safety and efficacy study of a sirolimus/cyclosporine regimen for prevention of acute rejection in recipients of primary mismatched renal allografts. Transplantation 2001;71:271-280.
    • (2001) Transplantation , vol.71 , pp. 271-280
    • MacDonald, A.S.1
  • 68
    • 33746530366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of sirolimus compared with azathioprine for reduction of acute renal allograft rejection: A randomised multicentre study
    • The Rapamune US Study Group
    • Kahan BD. Efficacy of sirolimus compared with azathioprine for reduction of acute renal allograft rejection: a randomised multicentre study. The Rapamune US Study Group. Lancet 2000; 356:194-202.
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.356 , pp. 194-202
    • Kahan, B.D.1
  • 70
    • 0036786654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders in liver transplantation: A 20-year experience
    • Jain A, Nalesnik M, Reyes J, Pokharna R, Mazariegos G, Green M, et al. Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders in liver transplantation: a 20-year experience. Ann Surg 2002;236:429-436.
    • (2002) Ann. Surg. , vol.236 , pp. 429-436
    • Jain, A.1    Nalesnik, M.2    Reyes, J.3    Pokharna, R.4    Mazariegos, G.5    Green, M.6
  • 71
    • 0033512211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The involvement of the gastrointestinal tract in posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease in pediatric liver transplantation
    • Younes BS, Ament ME, McDiarmid SV, Martin MG, Vargas JH. The involvement of the gastrointestinal tract in posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease in pediatric liver transplantation. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1999;28:380-385.
    • (1999) J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. , vol.28 , pp. 380-385
    • Younes, B.S.1    Ament, M.E.2    McDiarmid, S.V.3    Martin, M.G.4    Vargas, J.H.5
  • 72
    • 0033499109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endoscopic diagnosis of lymphoproliferative disease after solid organ transplantation
    • Kocoshis SA. Endoscopic diagnosis of lymphoproliferative disease after solid organ transplantation. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1999;28:375-376.
    • (1999) J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. , vol.28 , pp. 375-376
    • Kocoshis, S.A.1
  • 73
    • 0032532768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders and gastrointestinal manifestations of Epstein-Barr virus infection in children following liver transplantation
    • Cao S, Cox K, Esquivel CO, Berquist W, Concepcion W, Ojogho O, et al. Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders and gastrointestinal manifestations of Epstein-Barr virus infection in children following liver transplantation. Transplantation 1998;66:851-856.
    • (1998) Transplantation , vol.66 , pp. 851-856
    • Cao, S.1    Cox, K.2    Esquivel, C.O.3    Berquist, W.4    Concepcion, W.5    Ojogho, O.6
  • 74
    • 0141886902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Humanized anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (Rituximab) treatment for post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder
    • Ganne V, Siddiqi N, Kamaplath B, Chang CC, Cohen EP, Bresnahan BA, et al. Humanized anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (Rituximab) treatment for post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder. Clin Transplant 2003;17:417-422.
    • (2003) Clin. Transplant. , vol.17 , pp. 417-422
    • Ganne, V.1    Siddiqi, N.2    Kamaplath, B.3    Chang, C.C.4    Cohen, E.P.5    Bresnahan, B.A.6
  • 75
    • 0033997255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Humanized anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (Rituximab) in post transplant B-lymphoproliferative disorder: A retrospective analysis on 32 patients
    • Milpied N, Vasseur B, Parquet N, Garnier JL, Antoine C, Quartier P, et al. Humanized anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (Rituximab) in post transplant B-lymphoproliferative disorder: a retrospective analysis on 32 patients. Ann Oncol 2000;11 Suppl 1:113-116.
    • (2000) Ann. Oncol. , vol.11 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 113-116
    • Milpied, N.1    Vasseur, B.2    Parquet, N.3    Garnier, J.L.4    Antoine, C.5    Quartier, P.6
  • 76
    • 0036260310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (Rituximab) treatment for Epstein-Barr virus-associated, B-cell lymphoproliferative disease in pediatric liver transplant recipients
    • Serinet MO, Jacquemin E, Habes D, Debray D, Fabre M, Bernard O. Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (Rituximab) treatment for Epstein-Barr virus-associated, B-cell lymphoproliferative disease in pediatric liver transplant recipients. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2002;34:389-393.
    • (2002) J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. , vol.34 , pp. 389-393
    • Serinet, M.O.1    Jacquemin, E.2    Habes, D.3    Debray, D.4    Fabre, M.5    Bernard, O.6
  • 77
    • 0036154375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of liver transplantation on inflammatory bowel disease in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis
    • Dvorchik I, Subotin M, Demetris AJ, Fung JJ, Starzl TE, Wieand S, et al. Effect of liver transplantation on inflammatory bowel disease in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Hepatology 2002;35:380-384.
    • (2002) Hepatology , vol.35 , pp. 380-384
    • Dvorchik, I.1    Subotin, M.2    Demetris, A.J.3    Fung, J.J.4    Starzl, T.E.5    Wieand, S.6
  • 78
    • 0029166637 scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory bowel disease in primary sclerosing cholangitis: An analysis of patients undergoing liver transplantation
    • Miki C, Harrison JD, Gunson BK, Buckels JA, McMaster P, Mayer AD. Inflammatory bowel disease in primary sclerosing cholangitis: an analysis of patients undergoing liver transplantation. Br J Surg 1995;82:1114-1117.
    • (1995) Br. J. Surg. , vol.82 , pp. 1114-1117
    • Miki, C.1    Harrison, J.D.2    Gunson, B.K.3    Buckels, J.A.4    McMaster, P.5    Mayer, A.D.6
  • 79
    • 0031774971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ulcerative colitis has an aggressive course after orthotopic liver transplantation for primary sclerosing cholangitis
    • Papatheodoridis GV, Hamilton M, Mistry PK, Davidson B, Rolles K, Burroughs AK. Ulcerative colitis has an aggressive course after orthotopic liver transplantation for primary sclerosing cholangitis. Gut 1998;43:639-644.
    • (1998) Gut , vol.43 , pp. 639-644
    • Papatheodoridis, G.V.1    Hamilton, M.2    Mistry, P.K.3    Davidson, B.4    Rolles, K.5    Burroughs, A.K.6
  • 80
    • 0026694621 scopus 로고
    • The interrelation between sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis in patients undergoing liver transplantation
    • Shaked A, Colonna JO, Goldstein L, Busuttil RW. The interrelation between sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis in patients undergoing liver transplantation. Ann Surg 1992;215: 598-603.
    • (1992) Ann. Surg. , vol.215 , pp. 598-603
    • Shaked, A.1    Colonna, J.O.2    Goldstein, L.3    Busuttil, R.W.4
  • 82
    • 0025819506 scopus 로고
    • Ulcerative colitis disease activity as subjectively assessed by patient-completed questionnaires following orthotopic liver transplantation for sclerosing cholangitis
    • Gavaler JS, Delemos B, Belle SH, Heyl AE, Tarter RE, Starzl TE, et al. Ulcerative colitis disease activity as subjectively assessed by patient-completed questionnaires following orthotopic liver transplantation for sclerosing cholangitis. Dig Dis Sci 1991;36: 321-328.
    • (1991) Dig. Dis. Sci. , vol.36 , pp. 321-328
    • Gavaler, J.S.1    Delemos, B.2    Belle, S.H.3    Heyl, A.E.4    Tarter, R.E.5    Starzl, T.E.6
  • 85
    • 0037937355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of colorectal adenoma in liver transplant recipients compared to immunocompetent control population undergoing routine screening colonoscopy
    • Atassi T, Thuluvath PJ. Risk of colorectal adenoma in liver transplant recipients compared to immunocompetent control population undergoing routine screening colonoscopy. J Clin Gastroenterol 2003;37:72-73.
    • (2003) J. Clin. Gastroenterol. , vol.37 , pp. 72-73
    • Atassi, T.1    Thuluvath, P.J.2
  • 86
    • 0025092693 scopus 로고
    • Ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancer. A population-based study
    • Ekbom A, Helmick C, Zack M, Adami HO. Ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancer. A population-based study. N Engl J Med 1990;323:1228-1233.
    • (1990) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.323 , pp. 1228-1233
    • Ekbom, A.1    Helmick, C.2    Zack, M.3    Adami, H.O.4
  • 87
    • 0027376041 scopus 로고
    • Increased risk of early colorectal neoplasms after hepatic transplant in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
    • Bleday R, Lee E, Jessurun J, Heine J, Wong WD. Increased risk of early colorectal neoplasms after hepatic transplant in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Dis Colon Rectum 1993;36: 908-912.
    • (1993) Dis. Colon Rectum , vol.36 , pp. 908-912
    • Bleday, R.1    Lee, E.2    Jessurun, J.3    Heine, J.4    Wong, W.D.5
  • 88
    • 0030024918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk and natural history of colonic neoplasia in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis
    • Brentnall TA, Haggitt RC, Rabinovitch PS, Kimmey MB, Bronner MP, Levine DS, et al. Risk and natural history of colonic neoplasia in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 1996;110:331-338.
    • (1996) Gastroenterology , vol.110 , pp. 331-338
    • Brentnall, T.A.1    Haggitt, R.C.2    Rabinovitch, P.S.3    Kimmey, M.B.4    Bronner, M.P.5    Levine, D.S.6
  • 89
    • 0025307774 scopus 로고
    • Development of colon cancer after liver transplantation for primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with ulcerative colitis
    • Higashi H, Yanaga K, Marsh JW, Tzakis A, Kakizoe S, Starzl TE. Development of colon cancer after liver transplantation for primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with ulcerative colitis. Hepatology 1990;11:477-480.
    • (1990) Hepatology , vol.11 , pp. 477-480
    • Higashi, H.1    Yanaga, K.2    Marsh, J.W.3    Tzakis, A.4    Kakizoe, S.5    Starzl, T.E.6
  • 90
    • 0031939833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of colorectal neoplasia in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis aud ulcerative colitis following orthotopic liver transplantation
    • Loftus EV Jr, Aguilar HI, Sandborn WJ, Tremaine WJ, Krom RA, Zinsmeister AR, et al. Risk of colorectal neoplasia in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis aud ulcerative colitis following orthotopic liver transplantation. Hepatology 1998;27:685-690.
    • (1998) Hepatology , vol.27 , pp. 685-690
    • Loftus Jr., E.V.1    Aguilar, H.I.2    Sandborn, W.J.3    Tremaine, W.J.4    Krom, R.A.5    Zinsmeister, A.R.6
  • 92
    • 0038451597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colorectal cancer in patients With inflammatory bowel disease after liver transplantation for primary sclerosing cholangitis
    • Vera A, Gunson BK, Ussatoff V, Nightingale P, Candinas D, Radley S, et al. Colorectal cancer in patients With inflammatory bowel disease after liver transplantation for primary sclerosing cholangitis. Transplantation 2003;75:1983-1988.
    • (2003) Transplantation , vol.75 , pp. 1983-1988
    • Vera, A.1    Gunson, B.K.2    Ussatoff, V.3    Nightingale, P.4    Candinas, D.5    Radley, S.6
  • 93
    • 0037382288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ursodeoxycholic acid as a chemopreventive agent in patients with ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis
    • Pardi DS, Loftus EV Jr, Kremers WK, Keach J, Lindor KD. Ursodeoxycholic acid as a chemopreventive agent in patients with ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Gastroenterology 2003;124:889-893.
    • (2003) Gastroenterology , vol.124 , pp. 889-893
    • Pardi, D.S.1    Loftus Jr., E.V.2    Kremers, W.K.3    Keach, J.4    Lindor, K.D.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.