메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 58, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 1-30

A review of Bovine anaplasmosis

Author keywords

Anaplasma marginale; Anaplasmosis; Bovine

Indexed keywords

BACTERIAL PROTEIN;

EID: 78651082000     PISSN: 18651674     EISSN: 18651682     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2010.01173.x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (332)

References (236)
  • 1
    • 78651104186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, A guide for the control of flies in Alberta confined feeding operations. Available at, accessed June 28, 2010).
    • Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development 2008: A guide for the control of flies in Alberta confined feeding operations. Available at (accessed June 28, 2010).
    • (2008)
  • 2
    • 0039269140 scopus 로고
    • Economic and epidemiological implications of anaplasmosis in Texas cattle herds
    • Alderink, F. J., and R. A. Dietrich, 1982: Economic and epidemiological implications of anaplasmosis in Texas cattle herds. Proc. Annu. Meet. U S Anim. Health Assoc. 86, 66-75.
    • (1982) Proc. Annu. Meet. U S Anim. Health Assoc. , vol.86 , pp. 66-75
    • Alderink, F.J.1    Dietrich, R.A.2
  • 3
    • 0002238094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parasitic Diseases of Wild Mammals
    • Samuel, W. M., M. J. Pybus and, A. A. Kocan (eds), 2nd edn - Manson Publishing Ltd, London, UK.
    • Allan, S. A., 2001: Ticks (Class Ararchnida: Order Acarina). In: Samuel, W. M., M. J. Pybus and A. A. Kocan (eds), Parasitic Diseases of Wild Mammals, 2nd edn, pp. 72-106. Manson Publishing Ltd, London, UK.
    • (2001) Ticks (Class Ararchnida: Order Acarina) , pp. 72-106
    • Allan, S.A.1
  • 5
    • 0025255264 scopus 로고
    • Molecular basis for surface antigen size polymorphisms and conservation of a neutralization-sensitive epitope in Anaplasma marginale
    • Allred, D. R., T. C. McGuire, G. H. Palmer, S. R. Lieb, T. M. Harkins, T. F. McElwain, and A. F. Berbet, 1990: Molecular basis for surface antigen size polymorphisms and conservation of a neutralization-sensitive epitope in Anaplasma marginale. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 3220-3224.
    • (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.87 , pp. 3220-3224
    • Allred, D.R.1    McGuire, T.C.2    Palmer, G.H.3    Lieb, S.R.4    Harkins, T.M.5    McElwain, T.F.6    Berbet, A.F.7
  • 6
    • 0013871698 scopus 로고
    • The experimental transmission of bovine anaplasmosis by 3 species of North American ticks
    • Anthony, D. W., and T. O. Roby, 1966: The experimental transmission of bovine anaplasmosis by 3 species of North American ticks. Am. J. Vet. Res. 27, 191-198.
    • (1966) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.27 , pp. 191-198
    • Anthony, D.W.1    Roby, T.O.2
  • 8
    • 0032968048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biased immunoglobulin G1 isotype responses induced in cattle with DNA expressing msp1a of Anaplasma marginale
    • Arulkanthan, A., W. C. Brown, T. C. McGuire, and D. P. Knowles, 1999: Biased immunoglobulin G1 isotype responses induced in cattle with DNA expressing msp1a of Anaplasma marginale. Infect. Immun. 67, 3481-3487.
    • (1999) Infect. Immun. , vol.67 , pp. 3481-3487
    • Arulkanthan, A.1    Brown, W.C.2    McGuire, T.C.3    Knowles, D.P.4
  • 9
    • 0031861480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rickettsial pathogens and their arthropod vectors
    • Azad, A. F., and C. B. Beard, 1998: Rickettsial pathogens and their arthropod vectors. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 4, 179-186.
    • (1998) Emerg. Infect. Dis. , vol.4 , pp. 179-186
    • Azad, A.F.1    Beard, C.B.2
  • 10
    • 36049048283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survey of selected pathogens and blood parameters of northern yellowstone elk: wolf sanitation effect implications
    • Barber-Meyer, S. M., P. J. White, and L. D. Mech, 2007: Survey of selected pathogens and blood parameters of northern yellowstone elk: wolf sanitation effect implications. Am. Midl. Nat. 158, 369-381.
    • (2007) Am. Midl. Nat. , vol.158 , pp. 369-381
    • Barber-Meyer, S.M.1    White, P.J.2    Mech, L.D.3
  • 11
    • 0023220438 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of an immunoprotective protein complex of Anaplasma marginale by cloning and expression of the gene coding for polypeptide Am105L
    • Barbet, A. F., G. H. Palmer, P. J. Myler, and T. C. McGuire, 1987: Characterization of an immunoprotective protein complex of Anaplasma marginale by cloning and expression of the gene coding for polypeptide Am105L. Infect. Immun. 55, 2428-2435.
    • (1987) Infect. Immun. , vol.55 , pp. 2428-2435
    • Barbet, A.F.1    Palmer, G.H.2    Myler, P.J.3    McGuire, T.C.4
  • 12
    • 0032943176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of surface proteins of Anaplasma marginale grown in tick cell culture, tick salivary glands, and cattle
    • Barbet, A. F., R. Blentlinger, J. Yi, A. M. Lundgren, E. F. Blouin, and K. M. Kocan, 1999: Comparison of surface proteins of Anaplasma marginale grown in tick cell culture, tick salivary glands, and cattle. Infect. Immun. 67, 102-107.
    • (1999) Infect. Immun. , vol.67 , pp. 102-107
    • Barbet, A.F.1    Blentlinger, R.2    Yi, J.3    Lundgren, A.M.4    Blouin, E.F.5    Kocan, K.M.6
  • 13
    • 0026234809 scopus 로고
    • Mass screening of cattle sera against 14 infectious disease agents, using an ELISA system for monitoring health in livestock
    • Behymer, D. E., H. P. Reimann, W. Utterback, C. D. Elmi, and C. E. Franti, 1991: Mass screening of cattle sera against 14 infectious disease agents, using an ELISA system for monitoring health in livestock. Am. J. Vet. Res. 52, 1699-1705.
    • (1991) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.52 , pp. 1699-1705
    • Behymer, D.E.1    Reimann, H.P.2    Utterback, W.3    Elmi, C.D.4    Franti, C.E.5
  • 15
    • 0032159089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphology and development of Anaplasma marginale (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) in cultured Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) cells
    • Blouin, E. F., and K. M. Kocan, 1998: Morphology and development of Anaplasma marginale (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) in cultured Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) cells. J. Med. Entomol. 35, 788-797.
    • (1998) J. Med. Entomol. , vol.35 , pp. 788-797
    • Blouin, E.F.1    Kocan, K.M.2
  • 16
    • 0033992212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Establishment and characterization of an Oklahoma isolate of Anaplasma marginale in cultured Ixodes scapularis cells
    • Blouin, E. F., A. F. Barbet, J. Yi, K. M. Kocan, and J. T. Saliki, 2000: Establishment and characterization of an Oklahoma isolate of Anaplasma marginale in cultured Ixodes scapularis cells. Vet. Parasitol. 87, 301-313.
    • (2000) Vet. Parasitol. , vol.87 , pp. 301-313
    • Blouin, E.F.1    Barbet, A.F.2    Yi, J.3    Kocan, K.M.4    Saliki, J.T.5
  • 17
    • 0037045415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conservation of major surface protein 1 genes of Anaplasma marginale during cyclic transmission between ticks and cattle
    • Bowie, M. V., J. l. Fuente, K. M. Kocan, E. F. Blouin, and A. F. Barbet, 2002: Conservation of major surface protein 1 genes of Anaplasma marginale during cyclic transmission between ticks and cattle. Gene 282, 95-102.
    • (2002) Gene , vol.282 , pp. 95-102
    • Bowie, M.V.1    Fuente, J.L.2    Kocan, K.M.3    Blouin, E.F.4    Barbet, A.F.5
  • 18
    • 0035229437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity and specificity of the complement fixation test for detection of cattle persistently infected with Anaplasma marginale
    • Bradway, D. S., E. S. Torioni de, D. P. Knowles, S. G. Hennager, and T. F. McElwain, 2001: Sensitivity and specificity of the complement fixation test for detection of cattle persistently infected with Anaplasma marginale. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 13, 79-81.
    • (2001) J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. , vol.13 , pp. 79-81
    • Bradway, D.S.1    Torioni de, E.S.2    Knowles, D.P.3    Hennager, S.G.4    McElwain, T.F.5
  • 19
    • 0242349607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous variation of the immunodominant outer membrane proteins, MSP2 and MSP3, during Anaplasma marginale persistence in vivo
    • Brayton, K. A., P. F. Meeus, A. F. Barbet, and G. H. Palmer, 2003: Simultaneous variation of the immunodominant outer membrane proteins, MSP2 and MSP3, during Anaplasma marginale persistence in vivo. Infect. Immun. 71, 6627-6632.
    • (2003) Infect. Immun. , vol.71 , pp. 6627-6632
    • Brayton, K.A.1    Meeus, P.F.2    Barbet, A.F.3    Palmer, G.H.4
  • 21
    • 33646471882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genomic and proteomic approaches to vaccine candidate identification for Anaplasma marginale
    • Brayton, K. A., G. H. Palmer, and W. C. Brown, 2006: Genomic and proteomic approaches to vaccine candidate identification for Anaplasma marginale. Expert Rev. Vaccines 5, 95-101.
    • (2006) Expert Rev. Vaccines , vol.5 , pp. 95-101
    • Brayton, K.A.1    Palmer, G.H.2    Brown, W.C.3
  • 22
    • 0032584042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The safety and efficacy of Australian tick-borne disease vaccine strains in cattle in Paraguay
    • Brizuela, C. M., C. A. Ortellado, E. Sanabria, O. Torres, and D. Ortigosa, 1998: The safety and efficacy of Australian tick-borne disease vaccine strains in cattle in Paraguay. Vet. Parasitol. 76, 27-41.
    • (1998) Vet. Parasitol. , vol.76 , pp. 27-41
    • Brizuela, C.M.1    Ortellado, C.A.2    Sanabria, E.3    Torres, O.4    Ortigosa, D.5
  • 23
    • 23244446414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular detection of Anaplasma platys in lice collected from dogs in Australia
    • Brown, G. K., A. R. Martin, T. K. Roberts, and R. H. Dunstan, 2005: Molecular detection of Anaplasma platys in lice collected from dogs in Australia. Aust. Vet. J. 83, 101-102.
    • (2005) Aust. Vet. J. , vol.83 , pp. 101-102
    • Brown, G.K.1    Martin, A.R.2    Roberts, T.K.3    Dunstan, R.H.4
  • 24
    • 0022226045 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal dynamics and distribution of american dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say), larvae and nymphs at Birds Hill Park, Manitoba
    • Burachynsky, V. I., and T. D. Galloway, 1985: Seasonal dynamics and distribution of american dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say), larvae and nymphs at Birds Hill Park, Manitoba. Can. J. Zool. 63, 2748-2755.
    • (1985) Can. J. Zool. , vol.63 , pp. 2748-2755
    • Burachynsky, V.I.1    Galloway, T.D.2
  • 29
    • 78651084550 scopus 로고
    • Persistence of Anaplasma marginale infectivity and tick survival in intrastadially infected Dermacentor andersoni held in the field. Proceedings of the 8th National Veterinary Hemoparasite Disease Conference, St Louis, MO,
    • Coan, M. E., D. Stiller, G. B. Schoelar, 1989: Persistence of Anaplasma marginale infectivity and tick survival in intrastadially infected Dermacentor andersoni held in the field. Proceedings of the 8th National Veterinary Hemoparasite Disease Conference, St Louis, MO, 161-176.
    • (1989) , pp. 161-176
    • Coan, M.E.1    Stiller, D.2    Schoelar, G.B.3
  • 30
    • 78651081788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of persistent Anaplasma marginale infections with oral chlortetracycline. Proceedings of the North American Veterinary Conference 2007, Orlando, FL,
    • Coetzee, H., 2007: Treatment of persistent Anaplasma marginale infections with oral chlortetracycline. Proceedings of the North American Veterinary Conference 2007, Orlando, FL, 11-12.
    • (2007) , pp. 11-12
    • Coetzee, H.1
  • 31
    • 33845754544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of enrofloxacin against severe experimental Anaplasma marginale infections in splenectomized calves
    • Coetzee, J. F., and M. D. Apley, 2006: Efficacy of enrofloxacin against severe experimental Anaplasma marginale infections in splenectomized calves. Vet. Ther. 7, 319-328.
    • (2006) Vet. Ther. , vol.7 , pp. 319-328
    • Coetzee, J.F.1    Apley, M.D.2
  • 32
    • 11144351704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of three oxytetracycline regimens for the treatment of persistent Anaplasma marginale infections in beef cattle
    • Coetzee, J. F., M. D. Apley, K. M. Kocan, F. R. Rurangirwa, and J. Van Donkersgoed, 2005: Comparison of three oxytetracycline regimens for the treatment of persistent Anaplasma marginale infections in beef cattle. Vet. Parasitol. 127, 61-73.
    • (2005) Vet. Parasitol. , vol.127 , pp. 61-73
    • Coetzee, J.F.1    Apley, M.D.2    Kocan, K.M.3    Rurangirwa, F.R.4    Van Donkersgoed, J.5
  • 33
    • 33947547068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the efficacy of enrofloxacin, imidocarb, and oxytetracycline for clearance of persistent Anaplasma marginale infections in cattle
    • Coetzee, J. F., M. D. Apley, and K. M. Kocan, 2006a: Comparison of the efficacy of enrofloxacin, imidocarb, and oxytetracycline for clearance of persistent Anaplasma marginale infections in cattle. Vet. Ther. 7, 347-360.
    • (2006) Vet. Ther. , vol.7 , pp. 347-360
    • Coetzee, J.F.1    Apley, M.D.2    Kocan, K.M.3
  • 34
    • 33646233793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flow cytometric evaluation of selected antimicrobial efficacy for clearance of Anaplasma marginale in short-term erythrocyte cultures
    • Coetzee, J. F., M. D. Apley, K. M. Kocan, and D. E. Jones, 2006b: Flow cytometric evaluation of selected antimicrobial efficacy for clearance of Anaplasma marginale in short-term erythrocyte cultures. J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther. 29, 173-183.
    • (2006) J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther. , vol.29 , pp. 173-183
    • Coetzee, J.F.1    Apley, M.D.2    Kocan, K.M.3    Jones, D.E.4
  • 35
    • 34548254925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the complement fixation test and competitive ELISA for serodiagnosis of Anaplasma marginale infection in experimentally infected steers
    • Coetzee, J. F., P. L. Schmidt, M. D. Apley, J. B. Reinbold, and K. M. Kocan, 2007: Comparison of the complement fixation test and competitive ELISA for serodiagnosis of Anaplasma marginale infection in experimentally infected steers. Am. J. Vet. Res. 68, 872-878.
    • (2007) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.68 , pp. 872-878
    • Coetzee, J.F.1    Schmidt, P.L.2    Apley, M.D.3    Reinbold, J.B.4    Kocan, K.M.5
  • 36
    • 77956583890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seroprevalence of Anaplasma marginale in 2 Iowa feedlots and its association with morbidity, mortality, production parameters, and carcass traits
    • Coetzee, J. F., Schmidt, P. L., A. M. O'Connor, and M. D. Apley, 2010: Seroprevalence of Anaplasma marginale in 2 Iowa feedlots and its association with morbidity, mortality, production parameters, and carcass traits. Can. Vet. J. 51, 862-868.
    • (2010) Can. Vet. J. , vol.51 , pp. 862-868
    • Coetzee, J.F.1    Schmidt, P.L.2    O'Connor, A.M.3    Apley, M.D.4
  • 37
    • 45449104085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infectious disease in cervids of North America: data, models, and management challenges
    • Conner, M. M., M. R. Ebinger, J. A. Blanchong, and P. C. Cross, 2008: Infectious disease in cervids of North America: data, models, and management challenges. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1134, 146-172.
    • (2008) Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. , vol.1134 , pp. 146-172
    • Conner, M.M.1    Ebinger, M.R.2    Blanchong, J.A.3    Cross, P.C.4
  • 38
    • 0035404583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health protocol for translocation of free-ranging elk
    • Corn, J. L., and V. F. Nettles, 2001: Health protocol for translocation of free-ranging elk. J. Wildl. Dis. 37, 413-426.
    • (2001) J. Wildl. Dis. , vol.37 , pp. 413-426
    • Corn, J.L.1    Nettles, V.F.2
  • 39
    • 3142658734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiplex real-time PCR for detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi
    • Courtney, J. W., L. M. Kostelnik, N. S. Zeidner, and R. F. Massung, 2004: Multiplex real-time PCR for detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42, 3164-3168.
    • (2004) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.42 , pp. 3164-3168
    • Courtney, J.W.1    Kostelnik, L.M.2    Zeidner, N.S.3    Massung, R.F.4
  • 40
    • 34447504162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infectious Diseases of Wild Mammals
    • Williams, E. S. and, I. K. Barker (eds), Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA, USA.
    • Davidson, W. R., and W. L. Goff, 2001: Anaplasmosis. In: Williams, E. S. and I. K. Barker (eds), Infectious Diseases of Wild Mammals, pp. 455-466. Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA, USA.
    • (2001) Anaplasmosis , pp. 455-466
    • Davidson, W.R.1    Goff, W.L.2
  • 44
    • 0035192367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reorganization of genera in the families Rickettsiaceae and Anaplasmataceae in the order Rickettsiales: unification of some species of Ehrlichia with Anaplasma, Cowdria with Ehrlichia and Ehrlichia with Neorickettsia, descriptions of six new species combinations and designation of Ehrlichia equi and 'HGE agent' as subjective synonyms of Ehrlichia phagocytophila
    • Dumler, J. S., A. F. Barbet, C. P.J. Bekker, G. A. Dasch, G. H. Palmer, S. C. Ray, Y. Rikihisa, and F. R. Rurangirwa, 2001: Reorganization of genera in the families Rickettsiaceae and Anaplasmataceae in the order Rickettsiales: unification of some species of Ehrlichia with Anaplasma, Cowdria with Ehrlichia and Ehrlichia with Neorickettsia, descriptions of six new species combinations and designation of Ehrlichia equi and 'HGE agent' as subjective synonyms of Ehrlichia phagocytophila. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 51, 2145-2165.
    • (2001) Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. , vol.51 , pp. 2145-2165
    • Dumler, J.S.1    Barbet, A.F.2    Bekker, C.P.3    Dasch, G.A.4    Palmer, G.H.5    Ray, S.C.6    Rikihisa, Y.7    Rurangirwa, F.R.8
  • 46
    • 0024494533 scopus 로고
    • Detection and quantitation of Anaplasma marginale in carrier cattle by using a nucleic acid probe
    • Eriks, I. S., G. H. Palmer, T. C. McGuire, D. R. Allred, and A. F. Barbet, 1989: Detection and quantitation of Anaplasma marginale in carrier cattle by using a nucleic acid probe. J. Clin. Microbiol. 27, 279-284.
    • (1989) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.27 , pp. 279-284
    • Eriks, I.S.1    Palmer, G.H.2    McGuire, T.C.3    Allred, D.R.4    Barbet, A.F.5
  • 47
    • 0027171012 scopus 로고
    • Impact of persistent Anaplasma marginale rickettsemia on tick infection and transmission
    • Eriks, I. S., D. Stiller, and G. H. Palmer, 1993: Impact of persistent Anaplasma marginale rickettsemia on tick infection and transmission. J. Clin. Microbiol. 31, 2091.
    • (1993) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.31 , pp. 2091
    • Eriks, I.S.1    Stiller, D.2    Palmer, G.H.3
  • 48
    • 0002040222 scopus 로고
    • Transmission of Anaplasma marginale by arthropods. Proceedings of the Seventh National Anaplasmosis Conference, Starkville, MS,
    • Ewing, S. A., 1981: Transmission of Anaplasma marginale by arthropods. Proceedings of the Seventh National Anaplasmosis Conference, Starkville, MS, 425-434.
    • (1981) , pp. 425-434
    • Ewing, S.A.1
  • 50
    • 78651089201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FDA - US Food and Drug Administration, Animal drugs @ FDA - FDA approved animal drug products. Available at, accessed November 18, 2009).
    • FDA - US Food and Drug Administration 2009: Animal drugs @ FDA - FDA approved animal drug products. Available at (accessed November 18, 2009).
    • (2009)
  • 51
    • 0027490471 scopus 로고
    • Multiplex polymerase chain reaction based assay for the detection of Babesia bigemina, Babesia bovis and Anaplasma marginale DNA in bovine blood
    • Figueroa, J. V., L. P. Chieves, G. S. Johnson, and G. M. Buening, 1993: Multiplex polymerase chain reaction based assay for the detection of Babesia bigemina, Babesia bovis and Anaplasma marginale DNA in bovine blood. Vet. Parasitol. 50, 69-81.
    • (1993) Vet. Parasitol. , vol.50 , pp. 69-81
    • Figueroa, J.V.1    Chieves, L.P.2    Johnson, G.S.3    Buening, G.M.4
  • 52
    • 0024602593 scopus 로고
    • Tabanids as vectors of disease agents
    • Foil, L. D., 1989: Tabanids as vectors of disease agents. Parasitol. Today 5, 88-96.
    • (1989) Parasitol. Today , vol.5 , pp. 88-96
    • Foil, L.D.1
  • 54
    • 74449092927 scopus 로고
    • Chlortetracycline for elimination of anaplasmosis in carrier cattle
    • Franklin, T. E., J. W. Huff, and L. C. Grumbles, 1965: Chlortetracycline for elimination of anaplasmosis in carrier cattle. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 147, 353-356.
    • (1965) J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. , vol.147 , pp. 353-356
    • Franklin, T.E.1    Huff, J.W.2    Grumbles, L.C.3
  • 55
    • 74449093941 scopus 로고
    • Medium and low level feeding of chlortetracycline with comparison to anaplasmosis CF and CA tests
    • Franklin, T. E., R. W. Cook, D. J. Anderson, and K. L. Kuttler, 1967: Medium and low level feeding of chlortetracycline with comparison to anaplasmosis CF and CA tests. Southwestern Vet. 20, 101-104.
    • (1967) Southwestern Vet. , vol.20 , pp. 101-104
    • Franklin, T.E.1    Cook, R.W.2    Anderson, D.J.3    Kuttler, K.L.4
  • 56
    • 0031911055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of Anaplasma marginale major surface protein 2 variants during persistent cyclic rickettsemia
    • French, D. M., T. F. McElwain, T. C. McGuire, and G. H. Palmer, 1998: Expression of Anaplasma marginale major surface protein 2 variants during persistent cyclic rickettsemia. Infect. Immun. 66, 1200-1207.
    • (1998) Infect. Immun. , vol.66 , pp. 1200-1207
    • French, D.M.1    McElwain, T.F.2    McGuire, T.C.3    Palmer, G.H.4
  • 57
    • 0032735460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergence of Anaplasma marginale antigenic variants during persistent rickettsemia
    • French, D. M., W. C. Brown, and G. H. Palmer, 1999: Emergence of Anaplasma marginale antigenic variants during persistent rickettsemia. Infect. Immun. 67, 5834-5840.
    • (1999) Infect. Immun. , vol.67 , pp. 5834-5840
    • French, D.M.1    Brown, W.C.2    Palmer, G.H.3
  • 58
    • 0035832378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of North American isolates of Anaplasma marginale (Rickettsiaceae: Ehrlichieae)
    • de la Fuente, J., R. d. Bussche, and K. M. Kocan, 2001a: Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of North American isolates of Anaplasma marginale (Rickettsiaceae: Ehrlichieae). Vet. Parasitol. 97, 65-76.
    • (2001) Vet. Parasitol. , vol.97 , pp. 65-76
    • de la Fuente, J.1    Bussche, R.D.2    Kocan, K.M.3
  • 59
    • 0035114134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential adhesion of major surface proteins 1a and 1b of the ehrlichial cattle pathogen Anaplasma marginale to bovine erythrocytes and tick cells
    • de la Fuente, J., J. C. Garcia-Garcia, E. F. Blouin, and K. M. Kocan, 2001b: Differential adhesion of major surface proteins 1a and 1b of the ehrlichial cattle pathogen Anaplasma marginale to bovine erythrocytes and tick cells. Int. J. Parasitol. 31, 145-153.
    • (2001) Int. J. Parasitol. , vol.31 , pp. 145-153
    • de la Fuente, J.1    Garcia-Garcia, J.C.2    Blouin, E.F.3    Kocan, K.M.4
  • 61
    • 0035753611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution and function of tandem repeats in the major surface protein 1a of the ehrlichial pathogen Anaplasma marginale
    • de la Fuente, J., J. C. Garcia-Garcia, E. F. Blouin, S. D. Rodriguez, M. A. Garcia, and K. M. Kocan, 2001d: Evolution and function of tandem repeats in the major surface protein 1a of the ehrlichial pathogen Anaplasma marginale. Anim. Health Res. Rev. 2, 163-173.
    • (2001) Anim. Health Res. Rev. , vol.2 , pp. 163-173
    • de la Fuente, J.1    Garcia-Garcia, J.C.2    Blouin, E.F.3    Rodriguez, S.D.4    Garcia, M.A.5    Kocan, K.M.6
  • 62
    • 0036112604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infection of tick cells and bovine erythrocytes with one genotype of the intracellular ehrlichia Anaplasma marginale excludes infection with other genotypes
    • de la Fuente, J., J. C. Garcia-Garcia, E. F. Blouin, J. T. Saliki, and K. M. Kocan, 2002a: Infection of tick cells and bovine erythrocytes with one genotype of the intracellular ehrlichia Anaplasma marginale excludes infection with other genotypes. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 9, 658-668.
    • (2002) Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. , vol.9 , pp. 658-668
    • de la Fuente, J.1    Garcia-Garcia, J.C.2    Blouin, E.F.3    Saliki, J.T.4    Kocan, K.M.5
  • 64
    • 0037159110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaccination of cattle with Anaplasma marginale derived from tick cell culture and bovine erythrocytes followed by challenge-exposure with infected ticks
    • de la Fuente, J., K. M. Kocan, J. C. Garcia-Garcia, E. F. Blouin, P. L. Claypool, and J. T. Saliki, 2002c: Vaccination of cattle with Anaplasma marginale derived from tick cell culture and bovine erythrocytes followed by challenge-exposure with infected ticks. Vet. Microbiol. 89, 239-251.
    • (2002) Vet. Microbiol. , vol.89 , pp. 239-251
    • de la Fuente, J.1    Kocan, K.M.2    Garcia-Garcia, J.C.3    Blouin, E.F.4    Claypool, P.L.5    Saliki, J.T.6
  • 65
    • 0037249618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infection exclusion of the rickettsial pathogen Anaplasma marginale in the tick vector Dermacentor variabilis
    • de la Fuente, J., E. F. Blouin, and K. M. Kocan, 2003a: Infection exclusion of the rickettsial pathogen Anaplasma marginale in the tick vector Dermacentor variabilis. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 10, 182-184.
    • (2003) Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. , vol.10 , pp. 182-184
    • de la Fuente, J.1    Blouin, E.F.2    Kocan, K.M.3
  • 66
    • 0037383935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anaplasma marginale msp1alpha genotypes evolved under positive selection pressure but are not markers for geographic isolates
    • de la Fuente, J., R. A. van den Bussche, K. M. Kocan, and T. M. Prado, 2003b: Anaplasma marginale msp1alpha genotypes evolved under positive selection pressure but are not markers for geographic isolates. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41, 1609-1616.
    • (2003) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.41 , pp. 1609-1616
    • de la Fuente, J.1    van den Bussche, R.A.2    Kocan, K.M.3    Prado, T.M.4
  • 67
    • 0037413897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the functional domain of major surface protein 1a involved in adhesion of the rickettsia Anaplasma marginale to host cells
    • de la Fuente, J., J. C. Garcia-Garcia, E. F. Blouin, and K. M. Kocan, 2003c: Characterization of the functional domain of major surface protein 1a involved in adhesion of the rickettsia Anaplasma marginale to host cells. Vet. Microbiol. 91, 265-283.
    • (2003) Vet. Microbiol. , vol.91 , pp. 265-283
    • de la Fuente, J.1    Garcia-Garcia, J.C.2    Blouin, E.F.3    Kocan, K.M.4
  • 69
    • 11444256480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of genetic diversity in Dermacentor andersoni (Acari: Ixodidae) with body size and weight polymorphism
    • de la Fuente, J., C. Alamazán, R. A. van den Bussche, J. Bowman, J. H. Yoshioka, and K. M. Kocan, 2005a: Characterization of genetic diversity in Dermacentor andersoni (Acari: Ixodidae) with body size and weight polymorphism. Exp. Parasitol. 109, 16-26.
    • (2005) Exp. Parasitol. , vol.109 , pp. 16-26
    • de la Fuente, J.1    Alamazán, C.2    van den Bussche, R.A.3    Bowman, J.4    Yoshioka, J.H.5    Kocan, K.M.6
  • 73
    • 0008723241 scopus 로고
    • The Ticks of California (Acari: Ixodida)
    • University of California Press, Berkeley, CA, USA.
    • Furman, D. P., E. C. Loomis, 1984: The Ticks of California (Acari: Ixodida). University of California Press, Berkeley, CA, USA.
    • (1984)
    • Furman, D.P.1    Loomis, E.C.2
  • 74
    • 41149171187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Superinfection as a driver of genomic diversification in antigenically variant pathogens
    • Futse, J. E., K. A. Brayton, M. J. Dark, D. P. Knowles, and G. H. Palmer, 2008: Superinfection as a driver of genomic diversification in antigenically variant pathogens. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 105, 2123-2127.
    • (2008) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.105 , pp. 2123-2127
    • Futse, J.E.1    Brayton, K.A.2    Dark, M.J.3    Knowles, D.P.4    Palmer, G.H.5
  • 75
    • 67651202562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generation of antigenic variants via gene conversion: evidence for recombination fitness selection at the locus level in Anaplasma marginale
    • Futse, J. E., K. A. Brayton, S. D. Nydam, and G. H. Palmer, 2009: Generation of antigenic variants via gene conversion: evidence for recombination fitness selection at the locus level in Anaplasma marginale. Infect. Immun. 77, 3181-3187.
    • (2009) Infect. Immun. , vol.77 , pp. 3181-3187
    • Futse, J.E.1    Brayton, K.A.2    Nydam, S.D.3    Palmer, G.H.4
  • 76
    • 0030273783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anaplasma marginale: detection of carrier cattle by PCR-ELISA
    • Gale, K. R., C. M. Dimmock, M. Gartside, and G. Leatch, 1996: Anaplasma marginale: detection of carrier cattle by PCR-ELISA. Int. J. Parasitol. 26, 1103-1109.
    • (1996) Int. J. Parasitol. , vol.26 , pp. 1103-1109
    • Gale, K.R.1    Dimmock, C.M.2    Gartside, M.3    Leatch, G.4
  • 77
    • 0017913041 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal dynamics of American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say), populations in southwestern Nova Scotia
    • Garvie, M. B., J. A. McKiel, D. E. Sonenshine, and A. Campbell, 1978: Seasonal dynamics of American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say), populations in southwestern Nova Scotia. Can. J. Zool. 56, 28-39.
    • (1978) Can. J. Zool. , vol.56 , pp. 28-39
    • Garvie, M.B.1    McKiel, J.A.2    Sonenshine, D.E.3    Campbell, A.4
  • 78
    • 0030281229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental studies of Anaplasma marginale (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) in male Dermacentor andersoni (Acari: Ixodidae) infected as adults by using nonradioactive in situ hybridization and microscopy
    • Ge, N., K. M. Kocan, E. F. Blouin, and G. L. Murphy, 1996: Developmental studies of Anaplasma marginale (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) in male Dermacentor andersoni (Acari: Ixodidae) infected as adults by using nonradioactive in situ hybridization and microscopy. J. Med. Entomol. 33, 911-920.
    • (1996) J. Med. Entomol. , vol.33 , pp. 911-920
    • Ge, N.1    Kocan, K.M.2    Blouin, E.F.3    Murphy, G.L.4
  • 79
    • 78651067430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anaplasmosis in beef cattle. Available at, accessed November 18, 2009).
    • Gill, R. G., 2008: Anaplasmosis in beef cattle. Available at (accessed November 18, 2009).
    • (2008)
    • Gill, R.G.1
  • 80
    • 0025066236 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of a DNA probe, complement-fixation and indirect immunofluorescence tests for diagnosing Anaplasma marginale in suspected carrier cattle
    • Goff, W. L., D. Stiller, R. A. Roeder, L. W. Johnson, D. Falk, J. R. Gorham, and T. C. McGuire, 1990: Comparison of a DNA probe, complement-fixation and indirect immunofluorescence tests for diagnosing Anaplasma marginale in suspected carrier cattle. Vet. Microbiol. 24, 381-390.
    • (1990) Vet. Microbiol. , vol.24 , pp. 381-390
    • Goff, W.L.1    Stiller, D.2    Roeder, R.A.3    Johnson, L.W.4    Falk, D.5    Gorham, J.R.6    McGuire, T.C.7
  • 81
    • 0004267452 scopus 로고
    • The Ixodoidea of Canada (Publication 930)
    • Canada Department of Agriculture, Ottawa.
    • Gregson, J. D., 1956: The Ixodoidea of Canada (Publication 930). Canada Department of Agriculture, Ottawa.
    • (1956)
    • Gregson, J.D.1
  • 82
    • 0020122655 scopus 로고
    • Mechanical transmission of anaplasmosis by tabanids (Diptera: Tabanidae)
    • Hawkins, J. A., J. N. Love, and R. J. Hidalgo, 1982: Mechanical transmission of anaplasmosis by tabanids (Diptera: Tabanidae). Am. J. Vet. Res. 43, 732-734.
    • (1982) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.43 , pp. 732-734
    • Hawkins, J.A.1    Love, J.N.2    Hidalgo, R.J.3
  • 83
    • 0036913465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifying reservoirs of infection: a conceptual and practical challenge
    • Haydon, D. T., S. Cleaveland, L. H. Taylor, and M. K. Laurenson, 2002: Identifying reservoirs of infection: a conceptual and practical challenge. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 8, 1468-1473.
    • (2002) Emerg. Infect. Dis. , vol.8 , pp. 1468-1473
    • Haydon, D.T.1    Cleaveland, S.2    Taylor, L.H.3    Laurenson, M.K.4
  • 84
    • 78651062916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health Canada, Policy on Extra-Label Drug Use (ELDU) in food producing animals. Available at, accessed November 16, 2009).
    • Health Canada 2008: Policy on Extra-Label Drug Use (ELDU) in food producing animals. Available at (accessed November 16, 2009).
    • (2008)
  • 85
    • 78651096650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health Canada, Drug Product Database. Available at, accessed November 30, 2009).
    • Health Canada 2009: Drug Product Database. Available at (accessed November 30, 2009).
    • (2009)
  • 86
    • 52649120863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of sequential coinfection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Anaplasma marginale in cattle
    • Hoar, B. R., N. C. Nieto, D. M. Rhodes, and J. E. Foley, 2008: Evaluation of sequential coinfection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Anaplasma marginale in cattle. Am. J. Vet. Res. 69, 1171-1178.
    • (2008) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.69 , pp. 1171-1178
    • Hoar, B.R.1    Nieto, N.C.2    Rhodes, D.M.3    Foley, J.E.4
  • 89
    • 0344937530 scopus 로고
    • Feeding sites of some Louisiana Tabanidae (Diptera) on fenvalerate-treated and control cattle
    • Hribar, L. J., D. J. Leprince, and L. D. Foil, 1992: Feeding sites of some Louisiana Tabanidae (Diptera) on fenvalerate-treated and control cattle. Vet. Entomol. 85, 2279-2285.
    • (1992) Vet. Entomol. , vol.85 , pp. 2279-2285
    • Hribar, L.J.1    Leprince, D.J.2    Foil, L.D.3
  • 90
    • 38249027774 scopus 로고
    • Seroprevalence survey for Anaplasma card-test reactors in Louisiana, USA, cattle
    • Hugh-Jones, M. E., D. Busch, C. Raby, and F. Jones, 1988: Seroprevalence survey for Anaplasma card-test reactors in Louisiana, USA, cattle. Prev. Vet. Med. 6, 143-153.
    • (1988) Prev. Vet. Med. , vol.6 , pp. 143-153
    • Hugh-Jones, M.E.1    Busch, D.2    Raby, C.3    Jones, F.4
  • 91
    • 0030640088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variations in seroprevalence and host factors for bovine anaplasmosis in Illinois
    • Hungerford, L. L., and R. D. Smith, 1997: Variations in seroprevalence and host factors for bovine anaplasmosis in Illinois. Vet. Res. Commun. 21, 9-18.
    • (1997) Vet. Res. Commun. , vol.21 , pp. 9-18
    • Hungerford, L.L.1    Smith, R.D.2
  • 93
    • 63149126913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular survey for Anaplasma bovis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in cattle in a pastureland where sika deer appear in Hokkaido, Japan
    • Jilintai, N. Seino, D. Hayakawa, M. Suzuki, H. Hata, S. Kondo, K. Matsumoto, N. Yokoyama, and H. Inokuma, 2009: Molecular survey for Anaplasma bovis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in cattle in a pastureland where sika deer appear in Hokkaido, Japan. Jpn. J. Infect. Dis. 62, 73-75.
    • (2009) Jpn. J. Infect. Dis. , vol.62 , pp. 73-75
    • Jilintai1    Seino, N.2    Hayakawa, D.3    Suzuki, M.4    Hata, H.5    Kondo, S.6    Matsumoto, K.7    Yokoyama, N.8    Inokuma, H.9
  • 94
    • 0034268397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global climate change and vector borne diseases
    • Jonsson, N. N., and S. W. J. Reid, 2000: Global climate change and vector borne diseases. Vet. J. 160, 87-89.
    • (2000) Vet. J. , vol.160 , pp. 87-89
    • Jonsson, N.N.1    Reid, S.W.J.2
  • 95
    • 0032540980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Production effects of cattle tick (Boophilus microplus) infestation of high yielding dairy cows
    • Jonsson, N. N., D. G. Mayer, A. L. Matschoss, P. E. Green, and J. Ansell, 1998: Production effects of cattle tick (Boophilus microplus) infestation of high yielding dairy cows. Vet. Parasitol. 78, 65-77.
    • (1998) Vet. Parasitol. , vol.78 , pp. 65-77
    • Jonsson, N.N.1    Mayer, D.G.2    Matschoss, A.L.3    Green, P.E.4    Ansell, J.5
  • 96
    • 33244494223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel genetic variants of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Anaplasma bovis, Anaplasma centrale, and a novel Ehrlichia sp. in wild deer and ticks on two major islands in Japan
    • Kawahara, M., Y. Rikihisa, Q. Lin, E. Isogai, K. Tahara, A. Itagaki, Y. Hiramitsu, and T. Tajima, 2006: Novel genetic variants of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Anaplasma bovis, Anaplasma centrale, and a novel Ehrlichia sp. in wild deer and ticks on two major islands in Japan. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72, 1102-1109.
    • (2006) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.72 , pp. 1102-1109
    • Kawahara, M.1    Rikihisa, Y.2    Lin, Q.3    Isogai, E.4    Tahara, K.5    Itagaki, A.6    Hiramitsu, Y.7    Tajima, T.8
  • 97
    • 0029330310 scopus 로고
    • An assessment of the role of white-tailed deer in the epizootiology of anaplasmosis in the southeastern United States
    • Keel, M. K., W. L. Goff, and W. R. Davidson, 1995: An assessment of the role of white-tailed deer in the epizootiology of anaplasmosis in the southeastern United States. J. Wildl. Dis. 31, 378-385.
    • (1995) J. Wildl. Dis. , vol.31 , pp. 378-385
    • Keel, M.K.1    Goff, W.L.2    Davidson, W.R.3
  • 98
    • 0025253444 scopus 로고
    • Cyclic rickettsemia during persistent Anaplasma marginale infection of cattle
    • Kieser, S. T., I. S. Eriks, and G. H. Palmer, 1990: Cyclic rickettsemia during persistent Anaplasma marginale infection of cattle. Infect. Immun. 58, 1117-1119.
    • (1990) Infect. Immun. , vol.58 , pp. 1117-1119
    • Kieser, S.T.1    Eriks, I.S.2    Palmer, G.H.3
  • 99
    • 0029762622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibody against an Anaplasma marginale MSP5 epitope common to tick and erythrocyte stages identifies persistently infected cattle
    • Knowles, D., S. T. Echaide, G. Palmer, T. McGuire, D. Stiller, and T. McElwain, 1996: Antibody against an Anaplasma marginale MSP5 epitope common to tick and erythrocyte stages identifies persistently infected cattle. J. Clin. Microbiol. 34, 2225-2230.
    • (1996) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.34 , pp. 2225-2230
    • Knowles, D.1    Echaide, S.T.2    Palmer, G.3    McGuire, T.4    Stiller, D.5    McElwain, T.6
  • 101
    • 78651079037 scopus 로고
    • Anaplasmosis in Oklahoma and the South Central United States. Proceedings of the 98th Annual Meeting of the United States Animal Health Association (USAHA), Grand Rapids, MI,
    • Kocan, K. M., 1994: Anaplasmosis in Oklahoma and the South Central United States. Proceedings of the 98th Annual Meeting of the United States Animal Health Association (USAHA), Grand Rapids, MI, 216-222.
    • (1994) , pp. 216-222
    • Kocan, K.M.1
  • 102
    • 0028930986 scopus 로고
    • Targeting ticks for control of selected hemoparasitic diseases of cattle
    • Kocan, K. M., 1995: Targeting ticks for control of selected hemoparasitic diseases of cattle. Vet. Parasitol. 57, 121-151.
    • (1995) Vet. Parasitol. , vol.57 , pp. 121-151
    • Kocan, K.M.1
  • 103
    • 0037465650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Co-feeding studies of ticks infected with Anaplasma marginale
    • Kocan, K. M., and J. de la Fuente, 2003: Co-feeding studies of ticks infected with Anaplasma marginale. Vet. Parasitol. 112, 295-305.
    • (2003) Vet. Parasitol. , vol.112 , pp. 295-305
    • Kocan, K.M.1    de la Fuente, J.2
  • 104
    • 0019485711 scopus 로고
    • Transmission of Anaplasma marginale Theiler by Dermacentor andersoni Stiles and Dermacentor variabilis (Say)
    • Kocan, K. M., J. A. Hair, S. A. Ewing, and L. G. Stratton, 1981: Transmission of Anaplasma marginale Theiler by Dermacentor andersoni Stiles and Dermacentor variabilis (Say). Am. J. Vet. Res. 42, 15-18.
    • (1981) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.42 , pp. 15-18
    • Kocan, K.M.1    Hair, J.A.2    Ewing, S.A.3    Stratton, L.G.4
  • 105
    • 0026886435 scopus 로고
    • Persistence of Anaplasma marginale (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) in male Dermacentor andersoni (Acari: Ixodidae) transferred successively from infected to susceptible calves
    • Kocan, K. M., W. L. Goff, D. Stiller, P. L. Claypool, W. Edwards, S. A. Ewing, J. A. Hair, and S. J. Barron, 1992a: Persistence of Anaplasma marginale (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) in male Dermacentor andersoni (Acari: Ixodidae) transferred successively from infected to susceptible calves. J. Med. Entomol. 29, 657-668.
    • (1992) J. Med. Entomol. , vol.29 , pp. 657-668
    • Kocan, K.M.1    Goff, W.L.2    Stiller, D.3    Claypool, P.L.4    Edwards, W.5    Ewing, S.A.6    Hair, J.A.7    Barron, S.J.8
  • 107
    • 0034534445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anaplasmosis control. Past, present, and future
    • Kocan, K. M., E. F. Blouin, and A. F. Barbet, 2000: Anaplasmosis control. Past, present, and future. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 916, 501-509.
    • (2000) Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. , vol.916 , pp. 501-509
    • Kocan, K.M.1    Blouin, E.F.2    Barbet, A.F.3
  • 109
    • 0141572534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptations of the tick-borne pathogen, Anaplasma marginale, for survival in cattle and ticks
    • Kocan, K. M., J. de la Fuente, E. F. Blouin, and J. C. Garcia-Garcia, 2002: Adaptations of the tick-borne pathogen, Anaplasma marginale, for survival in cattle and ticks. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 28, 9-25.
    • (2002) Exp. Appl. Acarol. , vol.28 , pp. 9-25
    • Kocan, K.M.1    de la Fuente, J.2    Blouin, E.F.3    Garcia-Garcia, J.C.4
  • 110
    • 0142156033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antigens and alternatives for control of Anaplasma marginale infection in cattle
    • Kocan, K. M., J. de la Fuente, A. A. Guglielmone, and R. D. Melendez, 2003: Antigens and alternatives for control of Anaplasma marginale infection in cattle. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 16, 698-712.
    • (2003) Clin. Microbiol. Rev. , vol.16 , pp. 698-712
    • Kocan, K.M.1    de la Fuente, J.2    Guglielmone, A.A.3    Melendez, R.D.4
  • 111
    • 11844278832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anaplasma marginale (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae): recent advances in defining host-pathogen adaptations of a tick-borne rickettsia
    • Kocan, K. M., J. de la Fuente, E. F. Blouin, and J. C. Garcia-Garcia, 2004a: Anaplasma marginale (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae): recent advances in defining host-pathogen adaptations of a tick-borne rickettsia. Parasitology 129, S285-S300.
    • (2004) Parasitology , vol.129
    • Kocan, K.M.1    de la Fuente, J.2    Blouin, E.F.3    Garcia-Garcia, J.C.4
  • 114
    • 33745652661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental transmission of Bovine leukemia virus in cattle via rectal palpation
    • Kohara, J., S. Konnai, and M. Onuma, 2006: Experimental transmission of Bovine leukemia virus in cattle via rectal palpation. Jpn. J. Vet. Res. 54, 25-30.
    • (2006) Jpn. J. Vet. Res. , vol.54 , pp. 25-30
    • Kohara, J.1    Konnai, S.2    Onuma, M.3
  • 115
    • 0019741392 scopus 로고
    • Infection of splenectomized calves with Anaplasma ovis
    • Kuttler, K. L., 1981: Infection of splenectomized calves with Anaplasma ovis. Am. J. Vet. Res. 42, 2094-2096.
    • (1981) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.42 , pp. 2094-2096
    • Kuttler, K.L.1
  • 116
    • 0020755731 scopus 로고
    • Influence of a second Anaplasma exposure on the success of treatment to eliminate Anaplasma carrier infections in cattle
    • Kuttler, K. L., 1983: Influence of a second Anaplasma exposure on the success of treatment to eliminate Anaplasma carrier infections in cattle. Am. J. Vet. Res. 44, 882-883.
    • (1983) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.44 , pp. 882-883
    • Kuttler, K.L.1
  • 117
    • 0021300877 scopus 로고
    • Anaplasma infections in wild and domestic ruminants: a review
    • Kuttler, K. L., 1984: Anaplasma infections in wild and domestic ruminants: a review. J. Wildl. Dis. 20, 12-20.
    • (1984) J. Wildl. Dis. , vol.20 , pp. 12-20
    • Kuttler, K.L.1
  • 118
    • 0019236367 scopus 로고
    • Chemotherapy to eliminate Anaplasma marginale under field and laboratory conditions
    • Kuttler, K. L., L. W. Johnson, and J. E. Simpson, 1980: Chemotherapy to eliminate Anaplasma marginale under field and laboratory conditions. Proc. Ann. Meet. USAHA, 84, 73-82.
    • (1980) Proc. Ann. Meet. USAHA , vol.84 , pp. 73-82
    • Kuttler, K.L.1    Johnson, L.W.2    Simpson, J.E.3
  • 119
    • 35248835499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental transmission of bovine anaplasmosis (caused by Anaplasma marginale) by means of Dermacentor variabilis and D. andersoni (Ixodidae) collected in western Canada
    • Lankester, M. W., W. B. Scandrett, E. J. Golsteyn-Thomas, N. C. Chilton, and A. A. Gajadhar, 2007: Experimental transmission of bovine anaplasmosis (caused by Anaplasma marginale) by means of Dermacentor variabilis and D. andersoni (Ixodidae) collected in western Canada. Can. J. Vet. Res. 71, 271-277.
    • (2007) Can. J. Vet. Res. , vol.71 , pp. 271-277
    • Lankester, M.W.1    Scandrett, W.B.2    Golsteyn-Thomas, E.J.3    Chilton, N.C.4    Gajadhar, A.A.5
  • 120
    • 0037156218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvement of serological discrimination between herpesvirus-infected animals and animals vaccinated with marker vaccines
    • Lehmann, D., R. Sodoyer, S. Leterme, and D. Crevat, 2002: Improvement of serological discrimination between herpesvirus-infected animals and animals vaccinated with marker vaccines. Vet. Microbiol. 86, 59-68.
    • (2002) Vet. Microbiol. , vol.86 , pp. 59-68
    • Lehmann, D.1    Sodoyer, R.2    Leterme, S.3    Crevat, D.4
  • 121
    • 51949108864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tick-borne transmission of two genetically distinct Anaplasma marginale strains following superinfection of the mammalian reservoir host
    • Leverich, C. K., G. H. Palmer, D. P. Knowles Jr, and K. A. Brayton, 2008: Tick-borne transmission of two genetically distinct Anaplasma marginale strains following superinfection of the mammalian reservoir host. Infect. Immun. 76, 4066-4070.
    • (2008) Infect. Immun. , vol.76 , pp. 4066-4070
    • Leverich, C.K.1    Palmer, G.H.2    Knowles Jr, D.P.3    Brayton, K.A.4
  • 122
    • 0037165833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A msp1alpha polymerase chain reaction assay for specific detection and differentiation of Anaplasma marginale isolates
    • Lew, A. E., R. E. Bock, C. M. Minchin, and S. Masaka, 2002: A msp1alpha polymerase chain reaction assay for specific detection and differentiation of Anaplasma marginale isolates. Vet. Microbiol. 86, 325-335.
    • (2002) Vet. Microbiol. , vol.86 , pp. 325-335
    • Lew, A.E.1    Bock, R.E.2    Minchin, C.M.3    Masaka, S.4
  • 123
    • 0023321308 scopus 로고
    • Persistence of colonies of Anaplasma marginale in overwintering Dermacentor variabilis
    • Logan, T. M., K. M. Kocan, W. Edwards, J. A. Hair, P. Claypool, and S. A. Ewing, 1987: Persistence of colonies of Anaplasma marginale in overwintering Dermacentor variabilis. Am. J. Vet. Res. 48, 661-663.
    • (1987) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.48 , pp. 661-663
    • Logan, T.M.1    Kocan, K.M.2    Edwards, W.3    Hair, J.A.4    Claypool, P.5    Ewing, S.A.6
  • 124
    • 0036139217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specific expression of Anaplasma marginale major surface protein 2 salivary gland variants occurs in the midgut and is an early event during tick transmission
    • Lohr, C. V., F. R. Rurangirwa, T. F. McElwain, D. Stiller, and G. H. Palmer, 2002: Specific expression of Anaplasma marginale major surface protein 2 salivary gland variants occurs in the midgut and is an early event during tick transmission. Infect. Immun. 70, 114-120.
    • (2002) Infect. Immun. , vol.70 , pp. 114-120
    • Lohr, C.V.1    Rurangirwa, F.R.2    McElwain, T.F.3    Stiller, D.4    Palmer, G.H.5
  • 125
    • 28444444136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of novel antigenic proteins in a complex Anaplasma marginale outer membrane immunogen by mass spectrometry and genomic mapping
    • Lopez, J. E., W. F. Siems, G. H. Palmer, K. A. Brayton, T. C. McGuire, J. Norimine, and W. C. Brown, 2005: Identification of novel antigenic proteins in a complex Anaplasma marginale outer membrane immunogen by mass spectrometry and genomic mapping. Infect. Immun. 73, 8109-8118.
    • (2005) Infect. Immun. , vol.73 , pp. 8109-8118
    • Lopez, J.E.1    Siems, W.F.2    Palmer, G.H.3    Brayton, K.A.4    McGuire, T.C.5    Norimine, J.6    Brown, W.C.7
  • 126
    • 34248341795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunogenicity of Anaplasma marginale type IV secretion system proteins in a protective outer membrane vaccine
    • Lopez, J. E., G. H. Palmer, K. A. Brayton, M. J. Dark, S. E. Leach, and W. C. Brown, 2007: Immunogenicity of Anaplasma marginale type IV secretion system proteins in a protective outer membrane vaccine. Infect. Immun. 75, 2333-2342.
    • (2007) Infect. Immun. , vol.75 , pp. 2333-2342
    • Lopez, J.E.1    Palmer, G.H.2    Brayton, K.A.3    Dark, M.J.4    Leach, S.E.5    Brown, W.C.6
  • 127
    • 78651079857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • History of our anaplasmosis vaccine. Available at, accessed April 14, 2010).
    • Luther, G. D., 2007: History of our anaplasmosis vaccine. Available at (accessed April 14, 2010).
    • (2007)
    • Luther, G.D.1
  • 128
    • 0142205040 scopus 로고
    • Feeding behaviour of Tabanidae (Diptera) on cattle and serologic analyses of partial blood meals
    • Magnarelli, L. A., and J. F. Anderson, 1980: Feeding behaviour of Tabanidae (Diptera) on cattle and serologic analyses of partial blood meals. Environ. Entomol. 9, 664-667.
    • (1980) Environ. Entomol. , vol.9 , pp. 664-667
    • Magnarelli, L.A.1    Anderson, J.F.2
  • 129
    • 0033110772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infections of granulocytic ehrlichiae and Borrelia burgdorferi in white-tailed deer in Connecticut
    • Magnarelli, L. A., J. W. Ijdo, K. C. I. I. Stafford, and E. Fikrig, 1999: Infections of granulocytic ehrlichiae and Borrelia burgdorferi in white-tailed deer in Connecticut. J. Wildl. Dis. 35, 266-274.
    • (1999) J. Wildl. Dis. , vol.35 , pp. 266-274
    • Magnarelli, L.A.1    Ijdo, J.W.2    Stafford, K.C.I.I.3    Fikrig, E.4
  • 130
    • 0020420458 scopus 로고
    • Elimination of naturally acquired chronic Anaplasma marginale infections with a long-acting oxytetracycline injectable
    • Magonigle, R. A., and T. J. Newby, 1982: Elimination of naturally acquired chronic Anaplasma marginale infections with a long-acting oxytetracycline injectable. Am. J. Vet. Res. 43, 2170-2172.
    • (1982) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.43 , pp. 2170-2172
    • Magonigle, R.A.1    Newby, T.J.2
  • 131
    • 0016753676 scopus 로고
    • Effect of five daily intravenous treatments with oxytetracycline hydrochloride on the carrier status of bovine anaplasmosis
    • Magonigle, R. A., H. W. Renshaw, H. W. Vaughn, E. H. Stauber, and F. W. Frank, 1975: Effect of five daily intravenous treatments with oxytetracycline hydrochloride on the carrier status of bovine anaplasmosis. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 167, 1080-1083.
    • (1975) J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. , vol.167 , pp. 1080-1083
    • Magonigle, R.A.1    Renshaw, H.W.2    Vaughn, H.W.3    Stauber, E.H.4    Frank, F.W.5
  • 133
    • 78651063212 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and economic aspects of anaplasmosis. Proceedings of the 6th National Anaplasmosis Conference, Las Vegas, NV,
    • McCallon, B. R., 1973: Prevalence and economic aspects of anaplasmosis. Proceedings of the 6th National Anaplasmosis Conference, Las Vegas, NV, 1-3.
    • (1973) , pp. 1-3
    • McCallon, B.R.1
  • 134
    • 0028100396 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of hemagglutinating components on the Anaplasma marginale initial body surface and identification of possible adhesins
    • McGarey, D. J., and D. R. Allred, 1994: Characterization of hemagglutinating components on the Anaplasma marginale initial body surface and identification of possible adhesins. Infect. Immun. 62, 4587-4593.
    • (1994) Infect. Immun. , vol.62 , pp. 4587-4593
    • McGarey, D.J.1    Allred, D.R.2
  • 135
    • 0027991698 scopus 로고
    • Putative adhesins of Anaplasma marginale: major surface polypeptides 1a and 1b
    • McGarey, D. J., A. F. Barbet, G. H. Palmer, T. C. McGuire, and D. R. Allred, 1994: Putative adhesins of Anaplasma marginale: major surface polypeptides 1a and 1b. Infect. Immun. 62, 4594-4601.
    • (1994) Infect. Immun. , vol.62 , pp. 4594-4601
    • McGarey, D.J.1    Barbet, A.F.2    Palmer, G.H.3    McGuire, T.C.4    Allred, D.R.5
  • 136
    • 0028220586 scopus 로고
    • Recombinant vaccinia virus expression of Anaplasma marginale surface protein MSP-1a: effect of promoters, leader sequences and GPI anchor sequence on antibody response
    • McGuire, T. C., E. B. Stephens, G. H. Palmer, T. F. McElwain, C. A. Lichtensteiger, S. R. Leib, and A. F. Barbet, 1994: Recombinant vaccinia virus expression of Anaplasma marginale surface protein MSP-1a: effect of promoters, leader sequences and GPI anchor sequence on antibody response. Vaccine 12, 465-471.
    • (1994) Vaccine , vol.12 , pp. 465-471
    • McGuire, T.C.1    Stephens, E.B.2    Palmer, G.H.3    McElwain, T.F.4    Lichtensteiger, C.A.5    Leib, S.R.6    Barbet, A.F.7
  • 138
    • 0033110970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of a competitive inhibition ELISA and the card agglutination test for detection of antibodies to Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma centrale in cattle
    • Molloy, J. B., P. M. Bowles, D. P. Knowles, T. F. McElwain, R. E. Bock, T. G. Kingston, G. W. Blight, and R. J. Dalgliesh, 1999: Comparison of a competitive inhibition ELISA and the card agglutination test for detection of antibodies to Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma centrale in cattle. Aust. Vet. J. 77, 245-249.
    • (1999) Aust. Vet. J. , vol.77 , pp. 245-249
    • Molloy, J.B.1    Bowles, P.M.2    Knowles, D.P.3    McElwain, T.F.4    Bock, R.E.5    Kingston, T.G.6    Blight, G.W.7    Dalgliesh, R.J.8
  • 139
    • 0031834384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular epidemiology: assumptions and limitations of commonly applied methods
    • Monis, P. T., and R. H. Andrews, 1998: Molecular epidemiology: assumptions and limitations of commonly applied methods. Int. J. Parasitol. 28, 981-987.
    • (1998) Int. J. Parasitol. , vol.28 , pp. 981-987
    • Monis, P.T.1    Andrews, R.H.2
  • 140
    • 0025499528 scopus 로고
    • Use of the dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with isolated Anaplasma marginale initial bodies for serodiagnosis of anaplasmosis in cattle
    • Montenegro-James, S., A. T. Guillen, P. Tapang, A. bdel-Gawad, M. Toro, and M. Ristic, 1990: Use of the dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with isolated Anaplasma marginale initial bodies for serodiagnosis of anaplasmosis in cattle. Am. J. Vet. Res. 51, 1518-1521.
    • (1990) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.51 , pp. 1518-1521
    • Montenegro-James, S.1    Guillen, A.T.2    Tapang, P.3    bdel-Gawad, A.4    Toro, M.5    Ristic, M.6
  • 141
    • 0024350321 scopus 로고
    • Seroprevalence of anaplasmosis in the Red River Plains and South-east areas of Louisiana
    • Morley, R. S., and M. E. Hugh-Jones, 1989a: Seroprevalence of anaplasmosis in the Red River Plains and South-east areas of Louisiana. Vet. Res. Commun. 13, 287-296.
    • (1989) Vet. Res. Commun. , vol.13 , pp. 287-296
    • Morley, R.S.1    Hugh-Jones, M.E.2
  • 142
    • 0024313873 scopus 로고
    • The effect of management and ecological factors on the epidemiology of anaplasmosis in the Red River plains and south-east areas of Louisiana
    • Morley, R. S., and M. E. Hugh-Jones, 1989b: The effect of management and ecological factors on the epidemiology of anaplasmosis in the Red River plains and south-east areas of Louisiana. Vet. Res. Commun. 13, 359-369.
    • (1989) Vet. Res. Commun. , vol.13 , pp. 359-369
    • Morley, R.S.1    Hugh-Jones, M.E.2
  • 143
    • 0030186685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Establishment of the tick (Acari: Ixodidae)-borne cattle pathogen Anaplasma marginale (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) in tick cell culture
    • Munderloh, U. G., E. F. Blouin, K. M. Kocan, L. G. Ne, W. L. Edwards, and T. J. Kurtti, 1996: Establishment of the tick (Acari: Ixodidae)-borne cattle pathogen Anaplasma marginale (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) in tick cell culture. J. Med. Entomol. 33, 656-664.
    • (1996) J. Med. Entomol. , vol.33 , pp. 656-664
    • Munderloh, U.G.1    Blouin, E.F.2    Kocan, K.M.3    Ne, L.G.4    Edwards, W.L.5    Kurtti, T.J.6
  • 145
    • 20444500465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical and Veterinary Entomology
    • Mullen, G. R. and, L. A. Durden (eds), 2nd edn - Elsevier, Burlington, MA.
    • Nicholson, W. L., D. E. Sonenshine, R. S. Lane, and G. Uilenberg, 2009: Ticks (Ixodida). In: Mullen, G. R. and L. A. Durden (eds), Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2nd edn, pp. 493-542. Elsevier, Burlington, MA.
    • (2009) Ticks (Ixodida) , pp. 493-542
    • Nicholson, W.L.1    Sonenshine, D.E.2    Lane, R.S.3    Uilenberg, G.4
  • 146
    • 0030608487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and validation of an indirect enzyme immunoassay for detection of antibody to Anaplasma marginale in bovine sera
    • Nielsen, K., P. Smith, D. Gall, S. d. Eshaide, G. Wagner, and A. Dajer, 1996: Development and validation of an indirect enzyme immunoassay for detection of antibody to Anaplasma marginale in bovine sera. Vet. Parasitol. 67, 133-142.
    • (1996) Vet. Parasitol. , vol.67 , pp. 133-142
    • Nielsen, K.1    Smith, P.2    Gall, D.3    Eshaide, S.D.4    Wagner, G.5    Dajer, A.6
  • 149
    • 78651064032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals 2008
    • OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health), In, 6th edn - World Organisation for Animal Health, Paris.
    • OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health) 2008a: Chapter 2.4.1 Bovine Anaplasmosis. In: Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals 2008, 6th edn, pp. 599-610. World Organisation for Animal Health, Paris.
    • (2008) Chapter 2.4.1 Bovine Anaplasmosis , pp. 599-610
  • 150
    • 67749108398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals
    • OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health) (ed.) In, 6th edn. - World Organisation for Animal Health, Paris.
    • OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health) (ed.) 2008b: Principles of validation of diagnostic assays for infectious diseases. In: Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals, 6th edn. pp. 34-45. World Organisation for Animal Health, Paris.
    • (2008) Principles of validation of diagnostic assays for infectious diseases , pp. 34-45
  • 151
    • 78651076473 scopus 로고
    • Transmission of Anaplasmosis to cattle by ticks obtained from deer
    • Osebold, J. W., J. R. Douglas, and J. F. Christensen, 1962: Transmission of Anaplasmosis to cattle by ticks obtained from deer. Am. J. Vet. Res. 23, 21-23.
    • (1962) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.23 , pp. 21-23
    • Osebold, J.W.1    Douglas, J.R.2    Christensen, J.F.3
  • 152
    • 0003079721 scopus 로고
    • Veterinary Protozoan and Hemoparasite Vaccines
    • Wright, I. G. (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
    • Palmer, G. H., 1989: Anaplasma vaccines. In: Wright, I. G. (ed.), Veterinary Protozoan and Hemoparasite Vaccines, pp. 1-29. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
    • (1989) Anaplasma vaccines , pp. 1-29
    • Palmer, G.H.1
  • 153
    • 0028918513 scopus 로고
    • Molecular basis for vaccine development against anaplasmosis and babesiosis
    • Palmer, G. H., and T. F. McElwain, 1995: Molecular basis for vaccine development against anaplasmosis and babesiosis. Vet. Parasitol. 57, 233-253.
    • (1995) Vet. Parasitol. , vol.57 , pp. 233-253
    • Palmer, G.H.1    McElwain, T.F.2
  • 154
    • 0024450997 scopus 로고
    • Immunization of cattle with the MSP-1 surface protein complex induces protection against a structurally variant Anaplasma marginale isolate
    • Palmer, G. H., A. F. Barbet, G. H. Cantor, and T. C. McGuire, 1989: Immunization of cattle with the MSP-1 surface protein complex induces protection against a structurally variant Anaplasma marginale isolate. Infect. Immun. 57, 3666-3669.
    • (1989) Infect. Immun. , vol.57 , pp. 3666-3669
    • Palmer, G.H.1    Barbet, A.F.2    Cantor, G.H.3    McGuire, T.C.4
  • 155
    • 0033168918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular basis for vaccine development against the ehrlichial pathogen Anaplasma marginale
    • Palmer, G. H., F. R. Rurangirwa, K. M. Kocan, and W. C. Brown, 1999: Molecular basis for vaccine development against the ehrlichial pathogen Anaplasma marginale. Parasitol. Today 15, 281-286.
    • (1999) Parasitol. Today , vol.15 , pp. 281-286
    • Palmer, G.H.1    Rurangirwa, F.R.2    Kocan, K.M.3    Brown, W.C.4
  • 156
    • 0034093410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antigenic variation in the persistence and transmission of the ehrlichia Anaplasma marginale
    • Palmer, G. H., W. C. Brown, and F. R. Rurangirwa, 2000: Antigenic variation in the persistence and transmission of the ehrlichia Anaplasma marginale. Microbes Infect. 2, 167-176.
    • (2000) Microbes Infect. , vol.2 , pp. 167-176
    • Palmer, G.H.1    Brown, W.C.2    Rurangirwa, F.R.3
  • 157
    • 0035122645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strain composition of the ehrlichia Anaplasma marginale within persistently infected cattle, a mammalian reservoir for tick transmission
    • Palmer, G. H., F. R. Rurangirwa, and T. F. McElwain, 2001: Strain composition of the ehrlichia Anaplasma marginale within persistently infected cattle, a mammalian reservoir for tick transmission. J. Clin. Microbiol. 39, 631-635.
    • (2001) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.39 , pp. 631-635
    • Palmer, G.H.1    Rurangirwa, F.R.2    McElwain, T.F.3
  • 158
    • 8644269580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stochastic transmission of multiple genotypically distinct Anaplasma marginale strains in a herd with high prevalence of Anaplasma infection
    • Palmer, G. H., D. P. Knowles Jr, J. L. Rodriguez, D. P. Gnad, L. C. Hollis, T. Marston, and K. A. Brayton, 2004: Stochastic transmission of multiple genotypically distinct Anaplasma marginale strains in a herd with high prevalence of Anaplasma infection. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42, 5381-5384.
    • (2004) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.42 , pp. 5381-5384
    • Palmer, G.H.1    Knowles Jr, D.P.2    Rodriguez, J.L.3    Gnad, D.P.4    Hollis, L.C.5    Marston, T.6    Brayton, K.A.7
  • 159
    • 33845804685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insights into mechanisms of bacterial antigenic variation derived from the complete genome sequence of Anaplasma marginale
    • Palmer, G. H., J. E. Futse, D. P. Knowles Jr, and K. A. Brayton, 2006: Insights into mechanisms of bacterial antigenic variation derived from the complete genome sequence of Anaplasma marginale. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1078, 15-25.
    • (2006) Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. , vol.1078 , pp. 15-25
    • Palmer, G.H.1    Futse, J.E.2    Knowles Jr, D.P.3    Brayton, K.A.4
  • 160
    • 67650165348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic variation in the 16S mitochondrial DNA gene of two Canadian populations of Dermacentor andersoni (Acari: Ixodidae)
    • Patterson, E. I., S. J. Dergousoff, and N. B. Chilton, 2009: Genetic variation in the 16S mitochondrial DNA gene of two Canadian populations of Dermacentor andersoni (Acari: Ixodidae). J. Med. Entomol. 46, 475-481.
    • (2009) J. Med. Entomol. , vol.46 , pp. 475-481
    • Patterson, E.I.1    Dergousoff, S.J.2    Chilton, N.B.3
  • 161
    • 0022666154 scopus 로고
    • Impact of horse flies (diptera: Tabanidae) on beef cattle
    • Perich, M. J., R. E. Wright, and K. S. Lusby, 1986a: Impact of horse flies (diptera: Tabanidae) on beef cattle. J. Econ. Entomol. 79, 128-131.
    • (1986) J. Econ. Entomol. , vol.79 , pp. 128-131
    • Perich, M.J.1    Wright, R.E.2    Lusby, K.S.3
  • 162
    • 10644230032 scopus 로고
    • Estimating the number of tabanidae feeding on cattle
    • Perich, M. J., R. E. Wright, and R. W. McNew, 1986b: Estimating the number of tabanidae feeding on cattle. J. Agric. Urban Entomol. 3, 335-341.
    • (1986) J. Agric. Urban Entomol. , vol.3 , pp. 335-341
    • Perich, M.J.1    Wright, R.E.2    McNew, R.W.3
  • 163
    • 0017203411 scopus 로고
    • Failure of Anaplasma marginale Theiler to survive natural winter conditions on a Dermacentor andersoni (venustus) infested range. Proceedings of the 80th Annual Meeting of the United States Animal Health Association (USAHA), Miami Beach, FL, USA,
    • Peterson, K. J., R. L. Goulding, and H. T. Turner, 1976: Failure of Anaplasma marginale Theiler to survive natural winter conditions on a Dermacentor andersoni (venustus) infested range. Proceedings of the 80th Annual Meeting of the United States Animal Health Association (USAHA), Miami Beach, FL, USA, 66-77.
    • (1976) , pp. 66-77
    • Peterson, K.J.1    Goulding, R.L.2    Turner, H.T.3
  • 164
    • 0017470146 scopus 로고
    • Bovine anaplasmosis transmission studies conducted under controlled natural exposure in a Dermacentor andersoni (venustus) indigenous area of eastern Oregon
    • Peterson, K. J., R. J. Raleigh, R. K. Stroud, and R. L. Goulding, 1977: Bovine anaplasmosis transmission studies conducted under controlled natural exposure in a Dermacentor andersoni (venustus) indigenous area of eastern Oregon. Am. J. Vet. Res. 38, 351-354.
    • (1977) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.38 , pp. 351-354
    • Peterson, K.J.1    Raleigh, R.J.2    Stroud, R.K.3    Goulding, R.L.4
  • 165
    • 2542524534 scopus 로고
    • Transmission of anaplasmosis
    • Piercy, P. L., 1956: Transmission of anaplasmosis. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 64, 40-48.
    • (1956) Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. , vol.64 , pp. 40-48
    • Piercy, P.L.1
  • 166
    • 56649097414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infectious Diseases of Livestock
    • Coetzer, J. A. W. and, R. C. Tustin (eds), 2nd edn - Oxford University Press, Southern Africa, Cape Town.
    • Potgieter, F. T., and W. H. Stoltsz, 2004: Bovine anaplasmosis. In: Coetzer, J. A. W. and R. C. Tustin (eds), Infectious Diseases of Livestock, 3, 2nd edn, pp. 594-616. Oxford University Press, Southern Africa, Cape Town.
    • (2004) Bovine anaplasmosis , vol.3 , pp. 594-616
    • Potgieter, F.T.1    Stoltsz, W.H.2
  • 167
    • 0023516056 scopus 로고
    • The persistence of colostral Anaplasma antibodies in incidence of in utero transmission of Anaplasma infections in calves under laboratory conditions
    • Potgieter, F. T., and L. Van Rensburg, 1987: The persistence of colostral Anaplasma antibodies in incidence of in utero transmission of Anaplasma infections in calves under laboratory conditions. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. 54, 557-560.
    • (1987) Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. , vol.54 , pp. 557-560
    • Potgieter, F.T.1    Van Rensburg, L.2
  • 168
    • 0019579976 scopus 로고
    • Attempts to transmit Anaplasma marginale with Hippobosca rufipes and Stomoxys calcitrans
    • Potgieter, F. T., B. Sutherland, and H. C. Biggs, 1981: Attempts to transmit Anaplasma marginale with Hippobosca rufipes and Stomoxys calcitrans. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. 48, 119-122.
    • (1981) Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. , vol.48 , pp. 119-122
    • Potgieter, F.T.1    Sutherland, B.2    Biggs, H.C.3
  • 169
    • 8744226993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogen spillover in disease epidemics
    • Power, A. G., and C. E. Mitchell, 2004: Pathogen spillover in disease epidemics. Am. Nat. 164, S79-S89.
    • (2004) Am. Nat. , vol.164
    • Power, A.G.1    Mitchell, C.E.2
  • 170
    • 78651093248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of a cELISA based on recombinant major surface protein 5 for the detection of Anaplasma marginale antibodies in bovine sera. Proceedings of the X International Symposium of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians and OIE Seminar on Biotechnology. Salsomaggiore - Parma, Italy, 4-7 July 2001,
    • Power, C. A., E. J. Golsteyn-Thomas, E. E. Tanaka, S. E. Druhan, T. McGuire, M. Kostovic, and S. Adams, 2001: Evaluation of a cELISA based on recombinant major surface protein 5 for the detection of Anaplasma marginale antibodies in bovine sera. Proceedings of the X International Symposium of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians and OIE Seminar on Biotechnology. Salsomaggiore - Parma, Italy, 4-7 July 2001, 71-72.
    • (2001) , pp. 71-72
    • Power, C.A.1    Golsteyn-Thomas, E.J.2    Tanaka, E.E.3    Druhan, S.E.4    McGuire, T.5    Kostovic, M.6    Adams, S.7
  • 171
    • 0003661659 scopus 로고
    • Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics in Africa - A Manual for Use in the Design and Appraisal of Livestock Health Policy
    • 2nd edn. Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics Research Unit, Dept. of Agriculture, University of Reading; International Livestock Centre for Africa, Reading, Berkshire, England; Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    • Putt, S. N. H., A. P. M. Shaw, A. J. Woods, L. Tyler, and A. D. James, 1988: Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics in Africa - A Manual for Use in the Design and Appraisal of Livestock Health Policy, 2nd edn. Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics Research Unit, Dept. of Agriculture, University of Reading; International Livestock Centre for Africa, Reading, Berkshire, England; Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
    • (1988)
    • Putt, S.N.H.1    Shaw, A.P.M.2    Woods, A.J.3    Tyler, L.4    James, A.D.5
  • 172
    • 77955708442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Veterinary Medicine. A Textbook of the Diseases of Cattle, Horses, Sheep, Pigs and Goats
    • 10th edn. Elsevier Saunders, New York.
    • Radostits, O. M., C. C. Gay, K. W. Hinchcliff, and P. D. Constable, 2007: Veterinary Medicine. A Textbook of the Diseases of Cattle, Horses, Sheep, Pigs and Goats, 10th edn. Elsevier Saunders, New York.
    • (2007)
    • Radostits, O.M.1    Gay, C.C.2    Hinchcliff, K.W.3    Constable, P.D.4
  • 173
    • 33751293172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serosurveillance for Anaplasma phagocytophilum antibodies in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Iowa, USA
    • Rainwater, K. K., J. Ijdo, A. Capuano, M. J. Gilchrist, and J. S. Gill, 2006: Serosurveillance for Anaplasma phagocytophilum antibodies in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Iowa, USA. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 6, 275-282.
    • (2006) Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. , vol.6 , pp. 275-282
    • Rainwater, K.K.1    Ijdo, J.2    Capuano, A.3    Gilchrist, M.J.4    Gill, J.S.5
  • 174
    • 0017493824 scopus 로고
    • Iatrogenic transmission of Anaplasma marginale in beef cattle
    • Reeves, J. D., and B. L. Swift, 1977: Iatrogenic transmission of Anaplasma marginale in beef cattle. Vet. Med. Small Anim. Clin. 72, 911-912.
    • (1977) Vet. Med. Small Anim. Clin. , vol.72 , pp. 911-912
    • Reeves, J.D.1    Swift, B.L.2
  • 176
    • 78651101750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of bovine anaplasmosis following iatrogenic infection. Proceedings of the 21st Meeting of the American Society for Rickettsiology (ASR), Colorado Springs, CO.
    • Reinbold, J. B., J. F. Coetzee, K. Sirigireddy, and R. Ganta, 2007: Diagnosis of bovine anaplasmosis following iatrogenic infection. Proceedings of the 21st Meeting of the American Society for Rickettsiology (ASR), Colorado Springs, CO.
    • (2007)
    • Reinbold, J.B.1    Coetzee, J.F.2    Sirigireddy, K.3    Ganta, R.4
  • 177
    • 78651112205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of three tetracycline antibiotic treatment regimens for carrier clearance of persistent Anaplasma marginale infection derived under field conditions. Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Conference of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners (AABP), Omaha, NE.
    • Reinbold, J. B., J. Coetzee, and R. Ganta, 2009a: Comparison of three tetracycline antibiotic treatment regimens for carrier clearance of persistent Anaplasma marginale infection derived under field conditions. Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Conference of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners (AABP), Omaha, NE.
    • (2009)
    • Reinbold, J.B.1    Coetzee, J.2    Ganta, R.3
  • 178
    • 77956229740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of iatrogenic Anaplasma marginale transmission by needle and needle-free injection techniques
    • Epub ahead of print] Provisional acceptance: AJVR-09-07-0279.
    • Reinbold, J. B., J. F. Coetzee, L. C. Hollis, J. S. Nickell, C. Riegel, J. Christopher Huff, and R. R. Ganta, 2009b: Comparison of iatrogenic Anaplasma marginale transmission by needle and needle-free injection techniques. Am. J. Vet. Res. [Epub ahead of print] Provisional acceptance: AJVR-09-07-0279.
    • (2009) Am. J. Vet. Res.
    • Reinbold, J.B.1    Coetzee, J.F.2    Hollis, L.C.3    Nickell, J.S.4    Riegel, C.5    Christopher Huff, J.6    Ganta, R.R.7
  • 179
    • 77954435521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in bovine peripheral blood samples by duplex real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay
    • Reinbold, J. B., J. F. Coetzee, K. R. Sirigireddy, and R. R. Ganta, 2010a: Detection of Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in bovine peripheral blood samples by duplex real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay. J. Clin. Microbiol. 48, 2424-2432.
    • (2010) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.48 , pp. 2424-2432
    • Reinbold, J.B.1    Coetzee, J.F.2    Sirigireddy, K.R.3    Ganta, R.R.4
  • 180
    • 77954445648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The efficacy of three chlortetracycline regimens in the treatment of persistent Anaplasma marginale infection
    • Reinbold, J. B., J. F. Coetzee, L. C. Hollis, J. S. Nickell, C. Riegel, K. C. Olson, and R. R. Ganta, 2010b: The efficacy of three chlortetracycline regimens in the treatment of persistent Anaplasma marginale infection. Vet. Microbiol. 145, 69-75.
    • (2010) Vet. Microbiol. , vol.145 , pp. 69-75
    • Reinbold, J.B.1    Coetzee, J.F.2    Hollis, L.C.3    Nickell, J.S.4    Riegel, C.5    Olson, K.C.6    Ganta, R.R.7
  • 181
    • 0017459261 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of free-roaming mule deer as carriers of anaplasmosis in an area of Idaho where bovine anaplasmosis is enzootic
    • Renshaw, H. W., H. W. Vaughn, R. A. Magonigle, W. C. Davis, E. H. Stauber, and F. W. Frank, 1977: Evaluation of free-roaming mule deer as carriers of anaplasmosis in an area of Idaho where bovine anaplasmosis is enzootic. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 170, 334-339.
    • (1977) J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. , vol.170 , pp. 334-339
    • Renshaw, H.W.1    Vaughn, H.W.2    Magonigle, R.A.3    Davis, W.C.4    Stauber, E.H.5    Frank, F.W.6
  • 182
    • 0003111355 scopus 로고
    • Current Veterinary Therapy Food Animal Practice
    • Howard, R. S. (ed.), W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia.
    • Richey, E. J., 1981: Bovine anaplasmosis. In: Howard, R. S. (ed.), Current Veterinary Therapy Food Animal Practice, pp. 767-772. W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia.
    • (1981) Bovine anaplasmosis , pp. 767-772
    • Richey, E.J.1
  • 183
    • 78651111424 scopus 로고
    • Bovine anaplasmosis. Proceedings of the 24th Annual Conference of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners, Orlando, FL,
    • Richey, E. J., 1991: Bovine anaplasmosis. Proceedings of the 24th Annual Conference of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners, Orlando, FL, 3-11.
    • (1991) , pp. 3-11
    • Richey, E.J.1
  • 184
    • 78651112464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control and treatment of Anaplasmosis in beef cattle. Available at, accessed November 18, 2009).
    • Richey, E. J., 2003: Control and treatment of Anaplasmosis in beef cattle. Available at (accessed November 18, 2009).
    • (2003)
    • Richey, E.J.1
  • 186
    • 78651060380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anaplasmosis in Beef Cattle. Available at, accessed November 18, 2009).
    • Richey, E. J., and G. Palmer, 2003: Anaplasmosis in Beef Cattle. Available at (accessed November 18, 2009).
    • (2003)
    • Richey, E.J.1    Palmer, G.2
  • 188
    • 0018048146 scopus 로고
    • Elimination of the carrier state of bovine anaplasmosis with a long- acting oxytetracycline
    • Roby, T. O., J. E. Simpson, and T. E. Amerault, 1978: Elimination of the carrier state of bovine anaplasmosis with a long- acting oxytetracycline. Am. J. Vet. Res. 39, 1115-1116.
    • (1978) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.39 , pp. 1115-1116
    • Roby, T.O.1    Simpson, J.E.2    Amerault, T.E.3
  • 189
    • 0028416134 scopus 로고
    • Seroprevalence of bovine anaplasmosis in Oklahoma from 1977 to 1991
    • Rodgers, S. J., R. D. Welsh, and M. E. Stebbins, 1994: Seroprevalence of bovine anaplasmosis in Oklahoma from 1977 to 1991. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 6, 200-206.
    • (1994) J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. , vol.6 , pp. 200-206
    • Rodgers, S.J.1    Welsh, R.D.2    Stebbins, M.E.3
  • 191
    • 0021498990 scopus 로고
    • The elimination of Anaplasma marginale from carrier cattle by treatment with long acting oxytetracycline
    • Rogers, R. J., and P. J. Dunster, 1984: The elimination of Anaplasma marginale from carrier cattle by treatment with long acting oxytetracycline. Aust. Vet. J. 61, 306.
    • (1984) Aust. Vet. J. , vol.61 , pp. 306
    • Rogers, R.J.1    Dunster, P.J.2
  • 192
    • 78651106539 scopus 로고
    • Vertical transmission of Anaplasma marginale in cows affected in late pregnancy
    • Salabarria, F. F., and R. Pino, 1988: Vertical transmission of Anaplasma marginale in cows affected in late pregnancy. Revista Cubana De Ciencias Veterinarias 19, 179-182.
    • (1988) Revista Cubana De Ciencias Veterinarias , vol.19 , pp. 179-182
    • Salabarria, F.F.1    Pino, R.2
  • 193
    • 0035012357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monoclonal antibody-based competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of morbillivirus antibody in marine mammal sera
    • Saliki, J. T., and T. W. Lehenbauer, 2001: Monoclonal antibody-based competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of morbillivirus antibody in marine mammal sera. J. Clin. Microbiol. 39, 1877-1881.
    • (2001) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.39 , pp. 1877-1881
    • Saliki, J.T.1    Lehenbauer, T.W.2
  • 194
    • 0024696250 scopus 로고
    • Locations of moose in northwestern canada with hair loss probably caused by the winter tick Dermacentor albipictus (Acari: Ixodidae)
    • Samuel, W. M., 1989: Locations of moose in northwestern canada with hair loss probably caused by the winter tick Dermacentor albipictus (Acari: Ixodidae). J. Wildl. Dis. 25, 436-439.
    • (1989) J. Wildl. Dis. , vol.25 , pp. 436-439
    • Samuel, W.M.1
  • 195
    • 54749130114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • White as a Ghost. Winter Ticks & Moose
    • Federation of Alberta Naturalists, Altona, MB.
    • Samuel, B., 2004: White as a Ghost. Winter Ticks & Moose. Federation of Alberta Naturalists, Altona, MB.
    • (2004)
    • Samuel, B.1
  • 196
    • 0023373343 scopus 로고
    • Attempted transmission to cattle of Anaplasma marginale from overwintered Dermacentor andersoni ticks
    • Schofield, L. N., and J. R. Saunders, 1987: Attempted transmission to cattle of Anaplasma marginale from overwintered Dermacentor andersoni ticks. Can. J. Vet. Res. 51, 379-382.
    • (1987) Can. J. Vet. Res. , vol.51 , pp. 379-382
    • Schofield, L.N.1    Saunders, J.R.2
  • 197
    • 22844437566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative efficiency of biological transmission of Anaplasma marginale (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) by Dermacentor andersoni (Acari: Ixodidae) compared with mechanical transmission by Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae)
    • Scoles, G. A., A. B. Broce, T. J. Lysyk, and G. H. Palmer, 2005a: Relative efficiency of biological transmission of Anaplasma marginale (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) by Dermacentor andersoni (Acari: Ixodidae) compared with mechanical transmission by Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae). J. Med. Entomol. 42, 668-675.
    • (2005) J. Med. Entomol. , vol.42 , pp. 668-675
    • Scoles, G.A.1    Broce, A.B.2    Lysyk, T.J.3    Palmer, G.H.4
  • 198
    • 16844380577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation among geographically separated populations of Dermacentor andersoni (Acari: Ixodidae) in midgut susceptibility to Anaplasma marginale (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae)
    • Scoles, G. A., M. W. Ueti, and G. H. Palmer, 2005b: Variation among geographically separated populations of Dermacentor andersoni (Acari: Ixodidae) in midgut susceptibility to Anaplasma marginale (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae). J. Med. Entomol. 42, 153-162.
    • (2005) J. Med. Entomol. , vol.42 , pp. 153-162
    • Scoles, G.A.1    Ueti, M.W.2    Palmer, G.H.3
  • 199
    • 33750940245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Canadian bison isolate of Anaplasma marginale (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) is not transmissible by Dermacentor andersoni (Acari: Ixodidae), whereas ticks from two Canadian D. andersoni populations are competent vectors of a US strain
    • Scoles, G. A., T. F. McElwain, F. R. Rurangirwa, D. P. Knowles, and T. J. Lysyk, 2006: A Canadian bison isolate of Anaplasma marginale (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) is not transmissible by Dermacentor andersoni (Acari: Ixodidae), whereas ticks from two Canadian D. andersoni populations are competent vectors of a US strain. J. Med. Entomol. 43, 971-975.
    • (2006) J. Med. Entomol. , vol.43 , pp. 971-975
    • Scoles, G.A.1    McElwain, T.F.2    Rurangirwa, F.R.3    Knowles, D.P.4    Lysyk, T.J.5
  • 200
    • 46549084595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of an Anaplasma marginale cELISA for use in the diagnosis of A. ovis infections in domestic sheep and Anaplasma spp. in wild ungulates
    • Scoles, G. A., W. L. Goff, T. J. Lysyk, G. S. Lewis, and D. P. Knowles, 2008a: Validation of an Anaplasma marginale cELISA for use in the diagnosis of A. ovis infections in domestic sheep and Anaplasma spp. in wild ungulates. Vet. Microbiol. 130, 184-190.
    • (2008) Vet. Microbiol. , vol.130 , pp. 184-190
    • Scoles, G.A.1    Goff, W.L.2    Lysyk, T.J.3    Lewis, G.S.4    Knowles, D.P.5
  • 201
    • 38949100053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the efficiency of biological transmission of Anaplasma marginale (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) by Dermacentor andersoni Stiles (Acari: Ixodidae) with mechanical transmission by the horse fly, Tabanus fuscicostatus Hine (Diptera: Muscidae)
    • Scoles, G. A., J. A. Miller, and L. D. Foil, 2008b: Comparison of the efficiency of biological transmission of Anaplasma marginale (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) by Dermacentor andersoni Stiles (Acari: Ixodidae) with mechanical transmission by the horse fly, Tabanus fuscicostatus Hine (Diptera: Muscidae). J. Med. Entomol. 45, 109-114.
    • (2008) J. Med. Entomol. , vol.45 , pp. 109-114
    • Scoles, G.A.1    Miller, J.A.2    Foil, L.D.3
  • 202
    • 0042265370 scopus 로고
    • Flight range of tabanidae in a Louisiana bottomland hardwood forest
    • Sheppard, C., and B. H. Wilson, 1976: Flight range of tabanidae in a Louisiana bottomland hardwood forest. Environ. Entomol. 5, 752-754.
    • (1976) Environ. Entomol. , vol.5 , pp. 752-754
    • Sheppard, C.1    Wilson, B.H.2
  • 203
    • 0003816446 scopus 로고
    • Veterinary Clinical Epidemiology
    • 2nd edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
    • Smith, R. D., 1995: Veterinary Clinical Epidemiology, 2nd edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
    • (1995)
    • Smith, R.D.1
  • 205
    • 0024711918 scopus 로고
    • Transstadial and attempted transovarial transmission of Anaplasma marginale by Dermacentor variabilis
    • Stich, R. W., K. M. Kocan, G. H. Palmer, S. A. Ewing, J. A. Hair, and S. J. Barron, 1989: Transstadial and attempted transovarial transmission of Anaplasma marginale by Dermacentor variabilis. Am. J. Vet. Res. 50, 1377-1380.
    • (1989) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.50 , pp. 1377-1380
    • Stich, R.W.1    Kocan, K.M.2    Palmer, G.H.3    Ewing, S.A.4    Hair, J.A.5    Barron, S.J.6
  • 206
    • 78651113011 scopus 로고
    • Dermacentor albipictus (Packard): an experimental vector of bovine anaplasmosis. Proceedings of the 85th Annual Meeting of the United States Animal Health Association (USAHA), St Louis, MO,
    • Stiller, D., G. Leatch, and K. L. Kuttler, 1981: Dermacentor albipictus (Packard): an experimental vector of bovine anaplasmosis. Proceedings of the 85th Annual Meeting of the United States Animal Health Association (USAHA), St Louis, MO, 65-73.
    • (1981) , pp. 65-73
    • Stiller, D.1    Leatch, G.2    Kuttler, K.L.3
  • 207
    • 78651098717 scopus 로고
    • Experimental transmission of Anaplasma marginale Theiler by males of Dermacentor albipictus (Packard) and Dermacentor occidentalis Marx (Acari: Ixodidae). Proceedings of the 87th Annual meeting of the United States Animal Health Association (USAHA), Roanoke, VA,
    • Stiller, D., L. W. Johnson, and K. L. Kuttler, 1983: Experimental transmission of Anaplasma marginale Theiler by males of Dermacentor albipictus (Packard) and Dermacentor occidentalis Marx (Acari: Ixodidae). Proceedings of the 87th Annual meeting of the United States Animal Health Association (USAHA), Roanoke, VA, 59-65.
    • (1983) , pp. 59-65
    • Stiller, D.1    Johnson, L.W.2    Kuttler, K.L.3
  • 208
    • 78651095546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anaplasmosis. Available at, accessed November 18, 2009).
    • Stokka, G. L., R. Falkner, and J. Van Boening, 2000: Anaplasmosis. Available at (accessed November 18, 2009).
    • (2000)
    • Stokka, G.L.1    Falkner, R.2    Van Boening, J.3
  • 210
    • 0017857868 scopus 로고
    • Anaplasmosis: a regional serologic survey and oral antibiotic therapy in infected herds
    • Sweet, V. H., and E. H. Stauber, 1978: Anaplasmosis: a regional serologic survey and oral antibiotic therapy in infected herds. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 172, 1310-1312.
    • (1978) J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. , vol.172 , pp. 1310-1312
    • Sweet, V.H.1    Stauber, E.H.2
  • 211
    • 0020550511 scopus 로고
    • Bovine anaplasmosis: elimination of the carrier state with injectable long-acting oxytetracycline
    • Swift, B. L., and G. M. Thomas, 1983: Bovine anaplasmosis: elimination of the carrier state with injectable long-acting oxytetracycline. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 183, 63-65.
    • (1983) J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. , vol.183 , pp. 63-65
    • Swift, B.L.1    Thomas, G.M.2
  • 212
    • 77649207532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Challenges in predicting climate and environmental effects on vector-borne disease episystems in a changing world
    • Tabachnick, W. J., 2010: Challenges in predicting climate and environmental effects on vector-borne disease episystems in a changing world. J. Exp. Biol. 213, 946-954.
    • (2010) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.213 , pp. 946-954
    • Tabachnick, W.J.1
  • 214
    • 0005888207 scopus 로고
    • Insects and Arachnids of Canada Part 16: The Horse Flies and Deer Flies of Canada and Alaska: Diptera: Tabanidae
    • Agriculture Canada Publication 1838, Ottawa.
    • Teskey, H. J., 1990: Insects and Arachnids of Canada Part 16: The Horse Flies and Deer Flies of Canada and Alaska: Diptera: Tabanidae. Agriculture Canada Publication 1838, Ottawa.
    • (1990)
    • Teskey, H.J.1
  • 215
    • 78651090303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Texas AgriLife Extension Service, Integrated pest management of flies in Texas dairies. Available at, accessed June 28, 2010).
    • Texas AgriLife Extension Service 1997: Integrated pest management of flies in Texas dairies. Available at (accessed June 28, 2010).
    • (1997)
  • 216
    • 0030114751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scheduled sanitation to reduce stable fly (Diptera: Muscidae) populations in beef cattle feedlots
    • Thomas, G. D., S. R. Skoda, D. R. Berkebile, and J. B. Campbell, 1996: Scheduled sanitation to reduce stable fly (Diptera: Muscidae) populations in beef cattle feedlots. J. Econ. Entomol. 89, 411-414.
    • (1996) J. Econ. Entomol. , vol.89 , pp. 411-414
    • Thomas, G.D.1    Skoda, S.R.2    Berkebile, D.R.3    Campbell, J.B.4
  • 217
    • 2642698857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of cattle naturally infected with Anaplasma marginale in a region of endemicity by nested PCR and a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant major surface protein 5
    • Torioni de Echaide, S., D. P. Knowles, T. C. McGuire, G. H. Palmer, C. E. Suarez, and T. F. McElwain, 1998: Detection of cattle naturally infected with Anaplasma marginale in a region of endemicity by nested PCR and a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant major surface protein 5. J. Clin. Microbiol. 36, 777-782.
    • (1998) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.36 , pp. 777-782
    • Torioni de Echaide, S.1    Knowles, D.P.2    McGuire, T.C.3    Palmer, G.H.4    Suarez, C.E.5    McElwain, T.F.6
  • 218
    • 3242807445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of antibodies to bluetongue virus and Anaplasma marginale in Montana yearling cattle entering Alberta feedlots: Fall 2001
    • Van Donkersgoed, J., A. Gertonson, M. Bridges, D. Raths, D. Dargatz, B. Wagner, A. Boughton, D. Knoop, and T. E. Walton, 2004: Prevalence of antibodies to bluetongue virus and Anaplasma marginale in Montana yearling cattle entering Alberta feedlots: Fall 2001. Can. Vet. J. 45, 486-492.
    • (2004) Can. Vet. J. , vol.45 , pp. 486-492
    • Van Donkersgoed, J.1    Gertonson, A.2    Bridges, M.3    Raths, D.4    Dargatz, D.5    Wagner, B.6    Boughton, A.7    Knoop, D.8    Walton, T.E.9
  • 219
    • 0034713808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequence and expression analysis of a surface antigen gene family of the rickettsia Anaplasma marginale
    • Viseshakul, N., S. Kamper, M. V. Bowie, and A. F. Barbet, 2000: Sequence and expression analysis of a surface antigen gene family of the rickettsia Anaplasma marginale. Gene 253, 45-53.
    • (2000) Gene , vol.253 , pp. 45-53
    • Viseshakul, N.1    Kamper, S.2    Bowie, M.V.3    Barbet, A.F.4
  • 220
    • 0026443048 scopus 로고
    • The Anaplasma marginale msp5 gene encodes a 19-kilodalton protein conserved in all recognized Anaplasma species
    • Visser, E. S., T. C. McGuire, G. H. Palmer, W. C. Davis, V. Shkap, E. Pipano, and D. P.J. Knowles, 1992: The Anaplasma marginale msp5 gene encodes a 19-kilodalton protein conserved in all recognized Anaplasma species. Infect. Immun. 60, 5139-5144.
    • (1992) Infect. Immun. , vol.60 , pp. 5139-5144
    • Visser, E.S.1    McGuire, T.C.2    Palmer, G.H.3    Davis, W.C.4    Shkap, V.5    Pipano, E.6    Knowles, D.P.7
  • 221
    • 78651092138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • VMRD Inc., Anaplasma Antibody Test Kit, cELISA. Available at, accessed November 3, 2009).
    • VMRD Inc. 1998: Anaplasma Antibody Test Kit, cELISA. Available at (accessed November 3, 2009).
    • (1998)
  • 222
    • 0042550012 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of erythrocytic protozoa and serologic reactivity to selected pathogens in deer in Texas
    • Waldrup, K. A., E. Collisson, S. E. Bentsen, C. K. Winkler, and G. G. Wagner, 1989: Prevalence of erythrocytic protozoa and serologic reactivity to selected pathogens in deer in Texas. Prev. Vet. Med. 7, 49-58.
    • (1989) Prev. Vet. Med. , vol.7 , pp. 49-58
    • Waldrup, K.A.1    Collisson, E.2    Bentsen, S.E.3    Winkler, C.K.4    Wagner, G.G.5
  • 223
    • 78651094733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Failure to eliminate the Anaplasma marginale carrier state in beef cows following multiple treatments with long-acting injectable oxytetracycline
    • Wallace, J. O., L. C. Hollis, C. D. Reinhardt, J. F. Coetzee, D. G. Renter, D. Llewellyn, and T. T. Marston, 2007: Failure to eliminate the Anaplasma marginale carrier state in beef cows following multiple treatments with long-acting injectable oxytetracycline. Bovine Pract. 41, 84-87.
    • (2007) Bovine Pract. , vol.41 , pp. 84-87
    • Wallace, J.O.1    Hollis, L.C.2    Reinhardt, C.D.3    Coetzee, J.F.4    Renter, D.G.5    Llewellyn, D.6    Marston, T.T.7
  • 224
    • 0031741973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serologic evidence of a natural infection of white-tailed deer with the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in Wisconsin and Maryland
    • Walls, J. J., K. M. Asanovich, J. S. Bakken, and J. S. Dumler, 1998: Serologic evidence of a natural infection of white-tailed deer with the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in Wisconsin and Maryland. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 5, 762-765.
    • (1998) Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. , vol.5 , pp. 762-765
    • Walls, J.J.1    Asanovich, K.M.2    Bakken, J.S.3    Dumler, J.S.4
  • 225
    • 78651107943 scopus 로고
    • Integrated management of flies in and around dairy and livestock barns. Available at, accessed June 28, 2010).
    • Watson, D. W., Waldron J. K., and D. A. Rutz, 1994: Integrated management of flies in and around dairy and livestock barns. Available at (accessed June 28, 2010).
    • (1994)
    • Watson, D.W.1    Waldron, J.K.2    Rutz, D.A.3
  • 226
    • 0036708320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous detection of Anaplasma marginale and a new Ehrlichia species closely related to Ehrlichia chaffeensis by sequence analyses of 16S ribosomal DNA in Boophilus microplus ticks from Tibet
    • Wen, B., R. Jian, Y. Zhang, and R. Chen, 2002: Simultaneous detection of Anaplasma marginale and a new Ehrlichia species closely related to Ehrlichia chaffeensis by sequence analyses of 16S ribosomal DNA in Boophilus microplus ticks from Tibet. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40, 3286-3290.
    • (2002) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.40 , pp. 3286-3290
    • Wen, B.1    Jian, R.2    Zhang, Y.3    Chen, R.4
  • 228
    • 0016658502 scopus 로고
    • Research into the relative importance of Tabanidae (Diptera) in mechanical disease transmission. III. The epidemiology of anaplasmosis in a Dar-es-Salaam dairy farm
    • Wiesenhutter, E., 1975: Research into the relative importance of Tabanidae (Diptera) in mechanical disease transmission. III. The epidemiology of anaplasmosis in a Dar-es-Salaam dairy farm. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 7, 15-22.
    • (1975) Trop. Anim. Health Prod. , vol.7 , pp. 15-22
    • Wiesenhutter, E.1
  • 229
    • 0014113419 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of Dermacentor ticks in Canada in relation to bioclimatic zones
    • Wilkinson, P. R., 1967: The distribution of Dermacentor ticks in Canada in relation to bioclimatic zones. Can. J. Zool. 45, 517-537.
    • (1967) Can. J. Zool. , vol.45 , pp. 517-537
    • Wilkinson, P.R.1
  • 230
    • 0015526997 scopus 로고
    • Sites of attachment of 'prairie' and 'montane'Dermacentor andersoni (Acarina: Ixodidae) on cattle
    • Wilkinson, P. R., 1972: Sites of attachment of 'prairie' and 'montane'Dermacentor andersoni (Acarina: Ixodidae) on cattle. J. Med. Entomol. 9, 133-137.
    • (1972) J. Med. Entomol. , vol.9 , pp. 133-137
    • Wilkinson, P.R.1
  • 231
    • 78651071934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Merck Veterinary Manual, 9th edn. Available at, accessed October 30, 2009).
    • The Merck Veterinary Manual, 9th edn. 2008: Available at (accessed October 30, 2009).
    • (2008)
  • 233
    • 0022038180 scopus 로고
    • Bovine anaplasmosis: transplacental transmission as it relates to stage of gestation
    • Zaugg, J. L., 1985: Bovine anaplasmosis: transplacental transmission as it relates to stage of gestation. Am. J. Vet. Res. 46, 570-572.
    • (1985) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.46 , pp. 570-572
    • Zaugg, J.L.1
  • 234
    • 0022020618 scopus 로고
    • Anaplasma marginale infections in American bison: experimental infection and serologic study
    • Zaugg, J. L., and K. L. Hutler, 1985: Anaplasma marginale infections in American bison: experimental infection and serologic study. Am. J. Vet. Res. 46, 438-441.
    • (1985) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.46 , pp. 438-441
    • Zaugg, J.L.1    Hutler, K.L.2
  • 235
    • 0022794971 scopus 로고
    • Transmission of Anaplasma marginale Theiler by males of Dermacentor andersoni Stiles fed on an Idaho field-infected, chronic carrier cow
    • Zaugg, J. L., D. Stiller, M. E. Coan, and S. D. Lincoln, 1986: Transmission of Anaplasma marginale Theiler by males of Dermacentor andersoni Stiles fed on an Idaho field-infected, chronic carrier cow. Am. J. Vet. Res. 47, 2269-2271.
    • (1986) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.47 , pp. 2269-2271
    • Zaugg, J.L.1    Stiller, D.2    Coan, M.E.3    Lincoln, S.D.4
  • 236
    • 0029691285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Susceptibility of elk (Cervus elaphus) to experimental infection with Anaplasma marginale and A. ovis
    • Zaugg, J. L., W. L. Goff, W. Foreyt, and D. L. Hunter, 1996: Susceptibility of elk (Cervus elaphus) to experimental infection with Anaplasma marginale and A. ovis. J. Wildl. Dis. 32, 62-66.
    • (1996) J. Wildl. Dis. , vol.32 , pp. 62-66
    • Zaugg, J.L.1    Goff, W.L.2    Foreyt, W.3    Hunter, D.L.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.