Glatiramer acetate for treatment of MS: Regulatory B cells join the cast of players

Experimental Neurology

Volumn 227, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 19-23

  Van Kaer, Luc ^a  

^a VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Antigen presenting cells; Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; Glatiramer acetate copolymer 1 Copaxone ; Immunomodulation; Multiple sclerosis; Pathogenic T cells; Regulatory B cells; Regulatory T cells; Treatment

Indexed keywords

ALEMTUZUMAB; GLATIRAMER; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGEN CLASS 2; NATALIZUMAB; RITUXIMAB;

ALLERGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; AUTOIMMUNITY; B LYMPHOCYTE; DRUG APPROVAL; DRUG BINDING; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MECHANISM; HUMAN; IMMUNOREGULATION; IMMUNOTHERAPY; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; NEUROPROTECTION; NONHUMAN; NOTE; PATHOGENESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TH1 CELL; TH17 CELL; TH2 CELL; TH3 CELL;

ADJUVANTS, IMMUNOLOGIC; ANIMALS; B-LYMPHOCYTES; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS, AUTOIMMUNE, EXPERIMENTAL; HUMANS; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; PEPTIDES;

EID: 78650955431     PISSN: 00144886     EISSN: 10902430     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2010.10.009     Document Type: Note

References (52)

1. Aharoni R., Eilam R., Stock A., Vainshtein A., Shezen E., Gal H., et al. Glatiramer acetate reduces Th-17 inflammation and induces regulatory T-cells in the CNS of mice with relapsing-remitting or chronic EAE. J. Neuroimmunol. 2010, 225:100-111.
2. Aharoni R., Teitelbaum D., Arnon R., Sela M. Copolymer 1 acts against the immunodominant epitope 82-100 of myelin basic protein by T cell receptor antagonism in addition to major histocompatibility complex blocking. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 1999, 96:634-639.
3. Aharoni R., Teitelbaum D., Leitner O., Meshorer A., Sela M., Arnon R. Specific Th2 cells accumulate in the central nervous system of mice protected against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by copolymer 1. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 2000, 97:11472-11477.
4. Arnon R. The development of Cop 1 (Copaxone), an innovative drug for the treatment of multiple sclerosis: personal reflections. Immunol. Lett. 1996, 50:1-15.
5. Arnon R., Aharoni R. Mechanism of action of glatiramer acetate in multiple sclerosis and its potential for the development of new applications. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 2004, 101(SUPPL. 2):14593-14598.
6. Arnon R., Aharoni R. Neuroprotection and neurogeneration in MS and its animal model EAE effected by glatiramer acetate. J. Neural Transm. 2009, 116:1443-1449.
7. Basile E., Gibbs E., Aziz T., Oger J. During 3years treatment of primary progressive multiple sclerosis with glatiramer acetate, specific antibodies switch from IgG1 to IgG4. J. Neuroimmunol. 2006, 177:161-166.
8. Begum-Haque S., Sharma A., Christy M., Lentini T., Ochoa-Reparaz J., Fayed I.F., et al. Increased expression of B cell-associated regulatory cytokines by glatiramer acetate in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J. Neuroimmunol. 2010, 219:47-53.
9. Bhat R., Steinman L. Innate and adaptive autoimmunity directed to the central nervous system. Neuron 2009, 64:123-132.
10. Bielekova B., Becker B.L. Monoclonal antibodies in MS: mechanisms of action. Neurology 2010, 74(SUPPL. 1):S31-S40.
11. Blanchette F., Neuhaus O. Glatiramer acetate: evidence for a dual mechanism of action. J. Neurol. 2008, 255(SUPPL. 1):26-36.
12. Bornstein M.B., Miller A., Slagle S., Weitzman M., Crystal H., Drexler E., et al. A pilot trial of Cop 1 in exacerbating-remitting multiple sclerosis. N Engl J. Med. 1987, 317:408-414.
13. Bouaziz J.D., Yanaba K., Tedder T.F. Regulatory B cells as inhibitors of immune responses and inflammation. Immunol. Rev. 2008, 224:201-214.
14. Brenner T., Arnon R., Sela M., Abramsky O., Meiner Z., Riven-Kreitman R., et al. Humoral and cellular immune responses to Copolymer 1 in multiple sclerosis patients treated with Copaxone. J. Neuroimmunol. 2001, 115:152-160.
15. Chen M., Gran B., Costello K., Johnson K., Martin R., Dhib-Jalbut S. Glatiramer acetate induces a Th2-biased response and crossreactivity with myelin basic protein in patients with MS. Mult. Scler. 2001, 7:209-219.
16. Cvetanovich G.L., Hafler D.A. Human regulatory T cells in autoimmune diseases. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 2010, Epub ahead of print.
17. Duda P.W., Schmied M.C., Cook S.L., Krieger J.I., Hafler D.A. Glatiramer acetate (Copaxone) induces degenerate, Th2-polarized immune responses in patients with multiple sclerosis. J. Clin. Invest. 2000, 105:967-976.
18. Duddy M., Niino M., Adatia F., Hebert S., Freedman M., Atkins H., et al. Distinct effector cytokine profiles of memory and naive human B cell subsets and implication in multiple sclerosis. J. Immunol. 2007, 178:6092-6099.
19. El-behi M., Rostami A., Ciric B. Current views on the roles of Th1 and Th17 cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2010, 5:189-197.
20. Farina C., Then Bergh F., Albrecht H., Meinl E., Yassouridis A., Neuhaus O., et al. Treatment of multiple sclerosis with Copaxone (COP): Elispot assay detects COP-induced interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma response in blood cells. Brain 2001, 124:705-719.
21. Fillatreau S., Sweenie C.H., McGeachy M.J., Gray D., Anderton S.M. B cells regulate autoimmunity by provision of IL-10. Nat. Immunol. 2002, 3:944-950.
22. Franciotta D., Salvetti M., Lolli F., Serafini B., Aloisi F. B cells and multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol. 2008, 7:852-858.
23. Fridkis-Hareli M., Strominger J.L. Promiscuous binding of synthetic copolymer 1 to purified HLA-DR molecules. J. Immunol. 1998, 160:4386-4397.
24. Goverman J. Autoimmune T cell responses in the central nervous system. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2009, 9:393-407.
25. Gran B., Tranquill L.R., Chen M., Bielekova B., Zhou W., Dhib-Jalbut S., et al. Mechanisms of immunomodulation by glatiramer acetate. Neurology 2000, 55:1704-1714.
26. Gur C., Karussis D., Golden E., Doron S., Ilan Y., Safadi R. Amelioration of experimental colitis by Copaxone is associated with class-II-restricted CD4 immune blocking. Clin. Immunol. 2006, 118:307-316.
27. Hauser S.L., Waubant E., Arnold D.L., Vollmer T., Antel J., Fox R.J., et al. B-cell depletion with rituximab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. N Engl J. Med. 2008, 358:676-688.
28. + regulatory T cells by copolymer-I through activation of transcription factor Foxp3. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 2005, 102:6449-6454.
29. Hu C.Y., Rodriguez-Pinto D., Du W., Ahuja A., Henegariu O., Wong F.S., et al. Treatment with CD20-specific antibody prevents and reverses autoimmune diabetes in mice. J. Clin. Invest. 2007, 117:3857-3867.
30. Jee Y., Liu R., Bai X.F., Campagnolo D.I., Shi F.D., Vollmer T.L. Do Th2 cells mediate the effects of glatiramer acetate in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis?. Int Immunology 2006, 18:537-544.
31. + regulatory T cells contribute to the therapeutic effects of glatiramer acetate in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Clin. Immunol. 2007, 125:34-42.
32. Johnson K.P., Brooks B.R., Cohen J.A., Ford C.C., Goldstein J., Lisak R.P., et al. Copolymer 1 reduces relapse rate and improves disability in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: results of a phase III multicenter, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. The Copolymer 1 Multiple Sclerosis Study Group. Neurology 1995, 45:1268-1276.
33. Kala M., Rhodes S.N., Piao W.H., Shi F.D., Campagnolo D.I., Vollmer T.L. B cells from glatiramer acetate-treated mice suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Exp. Neurol. 2010, 221:136-145.
34. + T cell responses in patients with multiple sclerosis. J. Clin. Invest. 2002, 109:641-649.
35. Kerschensteiner M., Gallmeier E., Behrens L., Leal V.V., Misgeld T., Klinkert W.E., et al. Activated human T cells, B cells, and monocytes produce brain-derived neurotrophic factor in vitro and in inflammatory brain lesions: a neuroprotective role of inflammation?. J. Exp. Med. 1999, 189:865-870.
36. Kurosaki T. Paradox of B cell-targeted therapies. J. Clin. Invest. 2008, 118:3260-3263.
37. Liblau R. Glatiramer acetate for the treatment of multiple sclerosis: evidence for a dual anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective role. J. Neurol. Sci. 2009, 287(SUPPL. 1):S17-23.
38. Linker R.A., Lee D.H., Demir S., Wiese S., Kruse N., Siglienti I., et al. Functional role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in neuroprotective autoimmunity: therapeutic implications in a model of multiple sclerosis. Brain 2010, 133:2248-2263.
39. + T cell immunity. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2010, 10:236-247.
40. + T regulatory cells and IL-10 via B7 is essential for recovery from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J. Immunol. 2007, 178:3447-3456.
41. Matsushita T., Yanaba K., Bouaziz J.D., Fujimoto M., Tedder T.F. Regulatory B cells inhibit EAE initiation in mice while other B cells promote disease progression. J. Clin. Invest. 2008, 118:3420-3430.
42. McFarland H.F., Martin R. Multiple sclerosis: a complicated picture of autoimmunity. Nat. Immunol. 2007, 8:913-919.
43. McLaughlin K.A., Wucherpfennig K.W. B cells and autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and related inflammatory demyelinating diseases. Adv. Immunol. 2008, 98:121-149.
44. Neuhaus O., Farina C., Yassouridis A., Wiendl H., Then Bergh F., Dose T., et al. Multiple sclerosis: comparison of copolymer-1- reactive T cell lines from treated and untreated subjects reveals cytokine shift from T helper 1 to T helper 2 cells. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 2000, 97:7452-7457.
45. high T regulatory cells and their IL-10 production in multiple sclerosis. J. Neuroimmunol. 2003, 144:125-131.
46. Schrempf W., Ziemssen T. Glatiramer acetate: mechanisms of action in multiple sclerosis. Autoimmun. Rev. 2007, 6:469-475.
47. Teitelbaum D., Meshorer A., Hirshfeld T., Arnon R., Sela M. Suppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by a synthetic polypeptide. Eur. J. Immunol. 1971, 1:242-248.
48. Vieira P.L., Heystek H.C., Wormmeester J., Wierenga E.A., Kapsenberg M.L. Glatiramer acetate (copolymer-1, copaxone) promotes Th2 cell development and increased IL-10 production through modulation of dendritic cells. J. Immunol. 2003, 170:4483-4488.
49. Weber M.S., Hohlfeld R., Zamvil S.S. Mechanism of action of glatiramer acetate in treatment of multiple sclerosis. Neurotherapeutics 2007, 4:647-653.
50. Weber M.S., Prod'homme T., Youssef S., Dunn S.E., Rundle C.D., Lee L., et al. Type II monocytes modulate T cell-mediated central nervous system autoimmune disease. Nat. Med. 2007, 13:935-943.
51. Wolf S.D., Dittel B.N., Hardardottir F., Janeway C.A. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induction in genetically B cell-deficient mice. J. Exp. Med. 1996, 184:2271-2278.
52. Zozulya A.L., Wiendl H. The role of regulatory T cells in multiple sclerosis. Nat. Clin. Pract. Neurol. 2008, 4:384-398.