Monoclonal antibodies in MS: mechanisms of action

Neurology

Volumn 74, Issue 1 SUPPL., 2010, Pages

  Bielekova, Bibiana ^a   Becker, Brenda L ^b  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH   (United States)

^b Expert Medical Education   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALEMTUZUMAB; BETA INTERFERON; BETA1A INTERFERON; DACLIZUMAB; NATALIZUMAB; ORTHOCLONE OKT 3; RITUXIMAB; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ANTIGEN ANTIBODY REACTION; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM VASCULITIS; CLINICAL TRIAL; DRUG DOSE COMPARISON; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MECHANISM; GOODPASTURE SYNDROME; GRAVES DISEASE; HUMAN; IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA; IMMUNOCOMPETENT CELL; INFECTION; INFUSION REACTION; LYMPHADENOPATHY; MELANOMA; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY; RASH; REVIEW; SIDE EFFECT; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VASCULITIS;

EID: 74249097818     PISSN: 00283878     EISSN: 1526632X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181c97ed3     Document Type: Article

References (82)

1. Pavlou AK, Belsey MJ. The therapeutic antibodies market to 2008. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2005;59:389-396.
2. Presta LG. Engineering of therapeutic antibodies to minimize immunogenicity and optimize function. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2006;58:640-656.
3. 3. Agarwal A, Vieira CA, Book BK, Sidner RA, Fineberg NS, Pescovitz MD. Rituximab, anti-CD20, induces in vivo cytokine release but does not impair ex vivo T-cell responses. Am J Transplant 2004;4:1357-1360. (Pubitemid 39013585)
4. 4. Hederer RA, Guntermann C, Miller N, et al. The CD45 tyrosine phosphatase regulates Campath-1H (CD52)-induced TCR-dependent signal transduction in human T cells. Int Immunol 2000;12:505-516. (Pubitemid 30199356)
5. Walshe CA, Beers SA, French RR, et al. Induction of cytosolic calcium flux by CD20 is dependent upon B cell antigen receptor signaling. J Biol Chem 2008;283: 16971-16984.
6. Tao MH, Smith RI, Morrison SL. Structural features of human immunoglobulin G that determine isotype-specific differences in complement activation. J Exp Med 1993; 178:661-667.
7. Dijstelbloem HM, van de Winkel JG, Kallenberg CG. Inflammation in autoimmunity: receptors for IgG revisited. Trends Immunol 2001;22:510-516.
8. Cohen-Solal JF, Cassard L, Fridman WH, Sautès-Fridman C. Fc gamma receptors. Immunol Lett 2004;92:199-205.
9. Muraro PA, Bielekova B. Emerging therapies for multiple sclerosis. Neurotherapeutics 2007;4:676-692.
10. 10. Cross AH, Stark JL, Lauber J, Ramsbottom MJ, Lyons JA. Rituximab reduces B cells and T cells in cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients. J Neuroimmunol 2006; 180: 63-70. (Pubitemid 44767709)
11. Thurlings RM, Vos K, Wijbrandts CA, Zwinderman AH, Gerlag DM, Tak PP. Synovial tissue response to rituximab: mechanism of action and identification of biomarkers of response. Ann Rheum Dis 2008;67:917-925.
12. 12. Bloom DD, Chang Z, Fechner JH, et al. CD4+ CD25 + FOXP3+ regulatory T cells increase de novo in kidney transplant patients after immunodepletion with Campath1H. Am J Transplant 2008;8:793-802. (Pubitemid 351347746)
13. Sfikakis PP, Souliotis VL, Fragiadaki KG, Moutsopoulos HM, Boletis JN, Theofilopoulos AN. Increased expression of the FoxP3 functional marker of regulatory T cells following B cell depletion with rituximab in patients with lupus nephritis. Clin Immunol 2007;123:66-73.
14. Bielekova B, Catalfamo M, Reichert-Scrivner S, et al. Regulatory CD56(bright) natural killer cells mediate immunomodulatory effects of IL-2Ralpha-targeted. therapy (daclizumab) in multiple sclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006;103:5941-5946.
15. Reis EA, Athanazio DA, Lima I, et al. NK and NKT cell dynamics after rituximab therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2009;29:469-475.
16. 16. Rubenstein JL, Combs D, Rosenberg J, et al. Rituximab therapy for CNS lymphomas: targeting the leptomeningeal compartment. Blood 2003;101:466-468. (Pubitemid 36077565)
17. Petereit H, Rubbert-Roth A. Rituximab levels in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neurological autoimmune disorders. Mult Scler 2009;15:189-192.
18. 18. Rudick RA, Sandrock A. Natalizumab: alpha4-integrin antagonist selective adhesion molecule inhibitors for MS. Expert Rev Neurother 2004;4:571-580. (Pubitemid 38890585)
19. del Pilar Martin M, Cravens PD, Winger R, et al. Decrease in the numbers of dendritic cells and CD4 + T cells in cerebral perivascular spaces due to .natalizumab. Arch. Neurol 2008;65:1596-1603.
20. Polman CH, O'Connor PW, Havrdova E, et al; AFFIRM Investigators. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of natalizumab for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2006;354:899-910.
21. Rudick RA, Stuart WH, Calabresi PA, et al; SENTINEL Investigators. Natalizumab plus interferon beta-la for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2006;354:911-923.
22. 22. Niino M, Bodner C, Simard ML, et al. Natalizumab effects on immune cell responses in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2006;59:748-754. (Pubitemid 43673152)
23. Yao K, Gagnon S, Akhyani N, et al. Reactivation of human herpesvirus-6 in natalizumab treated multiple sclerosis patients. PLoS One 2008;3:e2028.
24. 24. Yousry TA, Major EO, Ryschkewitsch C, et al. Evaluation of patients treated with natalizumab for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. N Engl J Med 2006;354:924-933. (Pubitemid 43313659)
25. 25. Stilve O, Marra CM, Jerome KR, et al. Immune surveillance in multiple sclerosis patients treated with natalizumab. Ann Neurol 2006;59:743-747. (Pubitemid 43673151)
26. Ransohoff RM. "Thinking without thinking" about natalizumab and PML. J Neurol Sci 2007;259:50-52.
27. Khatri BO, Man S, Giovannoni G, et al. Effect of plasma, exchange in accelerating natalizumab clearance and restoring leukocyte function. Neurology 2009;72:402-409.
28. Hutchinson M, Kappos L, Calabresi PA, et al; AFFIRM and SENTINEL Investigators. The efficacy of natalizumab in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis: subgroup analyses of AFFIRM and SENTINEL. J Neurol 2009;256:405-415.
29. 29. Dhib-Jalbut S, Arnold DL, Cleveland DW, et al. Neurodegeneration and neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis and other neurodegenerative diseases. J Neuroimmunol 2006; 176:198-215. (Pubitemid 44080333)
30. 30. Cartron G, Dacheux L, Salles G, et al. Therapeutic activity of humanized anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody and polymorphism in IgG Fc receptor FcgammaRIIIa gene. Blood. 2002;99:754-758. (Pubitemid 34525533)
31. 31. Golay J, Zaffaroni L, Vaccari T, et al. Biologic response of B lymphoma cells to anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab in vitro: CD55 and CD59 regulate complementmediated cell lysis. Blood 2000;95:3900-3908. (Pubitemid 30412866)
32. Hauser SL, Waubant E, Arnold DL, et al.; HERMES Trial Group. B-cell depletion with rituximab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2008;358: 676-688.
33. 33. Monson NL, Cravens PD, Frohman EM, Hawker K, Racke MK. Effect of rituximab on the peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid B cells in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 2005;62:258-264. (Pubitemid 40204747)
34. Bar-Or A, Calabresi PA, Arnold D, et al. Rituximab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a 72-week, openlabel, phase I trial. Ann Neurol 2008;63:395-400.
35. Stuve O, Cepok S, Elias B, et al. Clinical stabilization and effective B-lymphocyte depletion in the cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood of a patient with fulminant relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 2005 ;62:1620-1623.
36. 36. Roll P, Palanichamy A, Kneitz C, Domer T, Tony HP. Regeneration of B cell subsets after transient B cell depletion using anti-CD20 antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2006;54:2377-2386. (Pubitemid 44204997)
37. Edwards JC, Cambridge G. B-cell targeting in rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases. Nat Rev Immunol 2006;6:394-403.
38. Kessel A, Rosner I, Toubi E. Rituximab: beyond simple B cell depletion. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2008;34:74-79.
39. Gurcan HM, Keskin DB, Stern JN, Nitzberg MA, Shekhani H, Ahmed AR. A review of the current use of rituximab in autoimmune diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2009;9:10-25.
40. Zambruno G, Borradori L. Rituximab immunotherapy in pemphigus: therapeutic effects beyond B-cell depletion. J Invest Dermatol 2008;128:2745-2747.
41. Taylor RP, Lindorfer MA. Drug insight: the mechanism of action of rituximab in autoimmune disease - the immune complex decoy hypothesis. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol 2007;3:86-95.
42. Kavanaugh A, Rosengren S, Lee SJ, et al. Assessment of rituximab's immunomodulatory synovial effects (ARISE trial). 1: clinical and synovial biomarker results. Ann Rheum Dis 2008;67:402-408.
43. 43. Lanzavecchia A, Bernasconi N, Traggiai E, Ruprecht CR, Corti D, Sailusto F. Understanding and making use of human memory B cells. Immunol Rev 2006;211:303-309. (Pubitemid 43882981)
44. Sanz I, Anolik JH, Looney RJ. B cell depletion therapy in autoimmune diseases. Front Biosci 2007;12:2546-2567.
45. Hawker K. B-cell-targeted treatment for multiple sclerosis: mechanism of action and clinical data. Curr Opin Neurol 2008;21(suppl 1):S19-S25.
46. Genentech and Biogen Idec. Genentech and Biogen Idec Announce Top-Line Results from a Phase II/III Clinical Trial of Rituxan in Primary-Progressive Multiple Sclerosis [Press Release]. South San Francisco and Cambridge, MA: Genentech and Biogen Idec; 2008.
47. Carson KR, Evens AM, Richey EA, et al. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy following rituximab therapy in HIV negative patients: a report of 57 cases from the Research on Adverse Drug Event and Reports (RADAR) project. Blood 2009;113:4834-4840.
48. 48. Ratzinger G, Reagan JL, Heller G, Busam KJ, Young JW. Differential CD52 expression, by distinct myeloid dendritic cell subsets: implications for alemtuzumab activity at the level of antigen presentation in allogeneic graft-host interactions in transplantation. Blood 2003;101:1422-1429. (Pubitemid 36182516)
49. 49. Stanglmaier M, Reis S, Hallek M. Rituximab and alemtuzumab induce a nonclassic, caspase-independent apoptotic pathway in B-lymphoid cell lines and in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Ann Hematol 2004;83:634-645. (Pubitemid 39317488)
50. Zent CS, Chen JB, Kurten RC, Kaushal GP, Lacy HM, Schichman SA. Alemtuzumab (CAMPATH 1H) does not kill chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells in serum free medium. Leuk Res 2004;28:495-507.
51. Stauch D, Dernier A, Sarmiento Marchese E, et al. Targeting of natural killer cells by rabbit antithymocyte globulin and campadi-1H: similar effects independent of specificity. PLoS ONE 2009;4:e4709.
52. Zent CS, Secreto CR, LaPlant BR, et al. Direct and complement dependent cytotoxicity in CLL cells from patients with high-risk early-intermediate stage chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) treated with alemtuzumab and rituximab. Leuk Res 2008;32:1849-1856.
53. 53. Coles AJ, Cox A, Le Page E, et al. The window of therapeutic opportunity in multiple sclerosis: evidence from monoclonal antibody therapy. J Neurol. 2006;253:98-108. (Pubitemid 43157395)
54. CAMMS223 Trial Investigators; Coles AJ, Compston DA, et al. Alemtuzumab vs. interferon beta-la in early multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2008;359:1786-1801.
55. 55. Coles AJ, Wing MG, Molyneux P, et al. Monoclonal antibody treatment exposes three mechanisms underlying the clinical course of multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 1999;46: 296-304. (Pubitemid 29416266)
56. Clatworthy MR, Wallin EF, Jayne DR. Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease after alemtuzumab. N Engl J Med 2008;359:768-769.
57. Jones JL, Phuah CL, Cox AL, et al. IL-21 drives secondary autoimmunity in patients with multiple sclerosis, following therapeutic lymphocyte depletion with alemtuzumab (Campath-1H). J Clin Invest 2009;119:2052-2061.
58. 58. Coles AJ, Wing M, Smith S, et al. Pulsed monoclonal antibody treatment and autoimmune thyroid disease in multiple sclerosis. Lancet 1999;354:1691-1695. (Pubitemid 29533060)
59. Pace AA, Zajicek JP. Melanoma following treatment with alemtuzumab for multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol 2009; 16: e70-e71.
60. Waldmann T. The contrasting roles of IL-2 and IL-15 in the life and death, of lymphocytes: implications for the immunotherapy of rheumatological diseases. Arthritis Res 2002;4(suppl3):S161-S167.
61. Vlad G, Ho EK, Vasilescu ER, et al. Anti-CD25 treatment and. FOXP3-positive regulatory T cells in heart transplantation. Transpl Immunol 2007;18:13-21.
62. Granucci F, Feau S, Angeli V, Trottein F, RicciardiCastagnoli P. Early IL-2 production by mouse dendritic cells is the result of microbial-induced priming. J Immunol 2003;170:5075-5081.
63. Waldmann TA. The IL-2/IL-15 receptor systems: targets for immunotherapy. J Clin Immunol 2002;22:51-56.
64. Lenardo MJ. Interleukin-2 programs mouse T lymphocytes for apoptosis. Nature 1991;353:858-861.
65. Goebel J, Stevens E, Forrest K, Roszman TL. Daclizumab (Zenapax) inhibits early interleukin-2 receptor signal transduction events. Transpl Immunol 2000;8:133-159.
66. Bielekova B, Howard. T, Packer AN, et al. Effect of antiCD25 antibody daclizumab in the inhibition of inflammation and stabilization of disease progression in multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 2009;66:483-489.
67. Fehniger TA, Cooper MA, Nuovo GJ, et al. CD56bright natural killer cells are present in human lymph nodes and are activated by T cell-derived IL-2: a potential new link between adaptive and innate immunity. Blood 2003;101: 3052-3057.
68. Della Chiesa M, Vitale M, Carlomagno S, Ferlazzo G, Moretta L, Moretta A. The natural killer cell-mediated killing of autologous dendritic cells is confined to a cell subset expressing CD94/NKG2A, but lacking inhibitory killer Ig-like receptors. Eur J Immunol 2003;33:1657-1666.
69. Binder M, Vögtle F-N, Michelfelder S, et al. Identification of their epitope reveals the structural basis for the mechanism of action of the immunosuppressive antibodies basiliximab and daclizumab. Cancer Res 2007;67:3518-3523.
70. Wang Z, Xiao L, Shi B-Y, et al. Short-term anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody treatment and neogenetic CD4(+)CD25(high) regulatory T cells in kidney transplantation. Transpl Immunol 2008;19:69-73.
71. Oh U, Blevins G, Griffith C, et al. Regulatory T cells are reduced during anti-CD25 antibody treatment of multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 2009;66:471-479.
72. Bielekova B, Richert N, Howard T, et al. Humanized antiCD25 (daclizumab) inhibits disease activity in multiple sclerosis patients failing to respond to interferon beta. Proc Natl Acad. Sci USA 2004;101:8705-8708.
73. Rose JW, Watt HE, White AT, Carlson NG. Treatment of multiple sclerosis with an anti-interleukin-2 receptor monoclonal antibody. Ann Neurol 2004;56:864-867.
74. Rose JW, Burns JB, Bjorklund J, Klein J, Watt HE, Carlson NG. Daclizumab phase II trial in relapsing and remitting multiple sclerosis: MRI and clinical results. Neurology 2007;69:785-789.
75. Montalban X, Wynn D, Kaufman M, Wang M, Fong A. Preliminary CHOICE results: a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicentre study of subcutaneous daclizumab in patients with active, relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis on interferon beta. Presented at the 23rd Congress of the European Committee for Treatment and Research of Multiple Sclerosis (ECTRIMS), Prague, Czech Republic, October 11-14, 2007.
76. Tkaczuk J, Milford E, Yu C, et al. Intracellular signaling consequences of anti-IL-2Ralpha blockade by daclizumab. Transplant Proc 2001;33:212-213.
77. Rice GP, Hartung HP, Calabresi PA. Anti-alpha4 integrin therapy for multiple sclerosis: mechanisms and rationale. Neurology 2005;64:1336-1342.
78. Rastetter W, Molina. A, White CA. Rituximab: expanding role in therapy for lymphomas and autoimmune diseases. Annu Rev Med 2004;55:477-503.
79. Carpenter PA, Tso JY, Press OW, Yu X, Anasetti C. NonFcR-binding, humanized anti-CD3 antibody Hu291 induces apoptosis of human T cells more effectively than OKT3 and is immunosuppressive in vivo. Transplant Proc 2000;32:1545-1546.
80. Krumbholz M, Meinl I, Kümpfel T, Hohlfeld R, Meinl E, et al. Natalizumab disproportionately increases circulating pre-B and. B cells in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2008;71 : 1350-1354.
81. Duddy ME, Alter A, Bar-Or A. Distinct profiles of human B cell effector cytokines: a role in immune regulation? J Immunol 2004;172:3422-3427.
82. Cree B. Emerging monoclonal antibody therapies for multiple sclerosis. Neurologist 2006;12:171-178.