Picornaviruses

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology

Volumn 343, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 43-89

  Tuthill, Tobias J ^a,b   Groppelli, Elisabetta ^a   Hogle, James M ^c   Rowlands, David J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

^b INSTITUTE FOR ANIMAL HEALTH   (United Kingdom)

^c HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CAVEOLIN; CD155 ANTIGEN; CLATHRIN; COXSACKIE VIRUS AND ADENOVIRUS RECEPTOR; DECAY ACCELERATING FACTOR; ENTEROVIRUS 71 RECEPTOR; HUMAN RHINOVIRUS CELLULAR RECEPTOR; INTEGRIN; INTERCELLULAR ADHESION MOLECULE 1; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN RECEPTOR RELATED PROTEIN; LYMPHOCYTE ANTIGEN; PICORNAVIRUS RECEPTOR; PROTEIN VP1; PROTEIN VP4; SIALIC ACID; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VASCULAR CELL ADHESION MOLECULE 1; VIRUS RECEPTOR; CAVEOLIN 1;

APHTHOVIRUS; ARTICLE; CELL MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY; CELL PH; COXSACKIE VIRUS; COXSACKIE VIRUS B3; CRYOELECTRON MICROSCOPY; ECHO VIRUS; ENDOCYTOSIS; ENDOSOME; ENTEROVIRUS; FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE VIRUS; HUMAN; HUMAN RHINOVIRUS; MURINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS; NONHUMAN; PICORNAVIRUS; POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RHINOVIRUS; VIRAL TROPISM; VIRUS CAPSID; VIRUS ENTRY; VIRUS MORPHOLOGY; VIRUS PARTICLE; VIRUS PATHOGENESIS; VIRUS REPLICATION; VIRUS UNCOATING; VIRUS VIRULENCE; X RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; ANIMAL; PH; PHYSIOLOGY; ULTRASTRUCTURE; VIRION;

APHTHOVIRUS; ENTEROVIRUS; MIRIDAE; PICORNAVIRIDAE; RNA VIRUSES; VERTEBRATA;

ANIMALS; CAVEOLIN 1; CLATHRIN; ENDOCYTOSIS; HUMANS; HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION; PICORNAVIRIDAE; RECEPTORS, VIRUS; VIRION; VIRUS INTERNALIZATION;

EID: 78650633774     PISSN: 0070217X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1007/82-2010-37     Document Type: Article

References (237)

1. Acharya R, Fry E, Stuart D, Fox G, Rowlands D, Brown F (1989) The three-dimensional structure of foot-and-mouth disease virus at 2.9 A resolution. Nature 337:709-716 (Pubitemid 19064726)
2. Akiyama SK (1996) Integrins in cell adhesion and signaling. Hum Cell 9:181-186
3. Andries K, Dewindt B, Snoeks J, Wouters L, Moereels H, Lewi PJ, Janssen PA (1990) Two groups of rhinoviruses revealed by a panel of antiviral compounds present sequence divergence and differential pathogenicity. J Virol 64:1117-1123 (Pubitemid 20087749)
4. Aniento F, Emans N, Griffiths G, Gruenberg J (1993) Cytoplasmic dynein-dependent vesicular transport from early to late endosomes. J Cell Biol 123:1373-1387 (Pubitemid 24012018)
5. Arnold E, Luo M, Vriend G, Rossmann MG, Palmenberg AC, Parks GD, Nicklin MJ, Wimmer E (1987) Implications of the picornavirus capsid structure for polyprotein processing. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84:21-25 (Pubitemid 17013570)
6. Baranowski E, Ruiz-Jarabo CM, Sevilla N, Andreu D, Beck E, Domingo E (2000) Cell recognition by foot-and-mouth disease virus that lacks the RGD integrin-binding motif: Flexibility in aphthovirus receptor usage. J Virol 74:1641-1647 (Pubitemid 30434019)
7. Basavappa R, Syed R, Flore O, Icenogle JP, Filman DJ, Hogle JM (1994) Role and mechanism of the maturation cleavage of VP0 in poliovirus assembly: Structure of the empty capsid assembly intermediate at 2.9 A resolution. Protein Sci 3:1651-1669 (Pubitemid 24356589)
8. Baxt B (1987) Effect of lysosomotropic compounds on early events in foot-and-mouth disease virus replication. Virus Res 7:257-271 (Pubitemid 17115571)
9. Bayer N, Schober D, Prchla E, Murphy RF, Blaas D, Fuchs R (1998) Effect of bafilomycin A1 and nocodazole on endocytic transport in HeLa cells: Implications for viral uncoating and infection. J Virol 72:9645-9655 (Pubitemid 28520828)
10. Bayer N, Schober D, Huttinger M, Blaas D, Fuchs R (2001) Inhibition of clathrin-dependent endocytosis has multiple effects on human rhinovirus serotype 2 cell entry. J Biol Chem 276:3952-3962
11. Belnap DM, Filman DJ, Trus BL, Cheng N, Booy FP, Conway JF, Curry S, Hiremath CN, Tsang SK, Steven AC, Hogle JM (2000a) Molecular tectonic model of virus structural transitions: The putative cell entry states of poliovirus. J Virol 74:1342-1354 (Pubitemid 30044084)
12. Belnap DM, McDermott BM Jr, Filman DJ, Cheng N, Trus BL, Zuccola HJ, Racaniello VR, Hogle JM, Steven AC (2000b) Three-dimensional structure of poliovirus receptor bound to poliovirus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:73-78 (Pubitemid 30055786)
13. Bergelson JM, Shepley MP, Chan BM, Hemler ME, Finberg RW (1992) Identification of the integrin VLA-2 as a receptor for echovirus 1. Science 255:1718-1720
14. Berka U, Khan A, Blaas D, Fuchs R (2009) Human rhinovirus type 2 uncoating at the plasma membrane is not affected by a pH gradient but is affected by the membrane potential. J Virol 83:3778-3787
15. Berryman S, Clark S, Monaghan P, Jackson T (2005) Early events in integrin {alpha}v{beta}6- mediated cell entry of foot-and-mouth disease virus. J Virol 79:8519-8534 (Pubitemid 40853552)
16. Bishop NE (1998) Examination of potential inhibitors of hepatitis A virus uncoating. Intervirology 41:261-271 (Pubitemid 29229625)
17. Boonyakiat Y, Hughes PJ, Ghazi F, Stanway G (2001) Arginine-glycine- aspartic acid motif is critical for human parechovirus 1 entry. J Virol 75:10000-10004 (Pubitemid 32900137)
18. Brabec M, Baravalle G, Blaas D, Fuchs R (2003) Conformational changes, plasma membrane penetration, and infection by human rhinovirus type 2: Role of receptors and low pH. J Virol 77:5370-5377 (Pubitemid 36460951)
19. Brabec M, Schober D, Wagner E, Bayer N, Murphy RF, Blaas D, Fuchs R (2005) Opening of sizeselective pores in endosomes during human rhinovirus serotype 2 in vivo uncoating monitored by single-organelle flow analysis. J Virol 79:1008-1016 (Pubitemid 40053884)
20. Brabec M, Blaas D, Fuchs R (2006) Wortmannin delays transfer of human rhinovirus serotype 2 to late endocytic compartments. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 348:741-749 (Pubitemid 44188625)
21. Brandenburg B, Lee LY, Lakadamyali M, Rust MJ, Zhuang X, Hogle JM (2007) Imaging poliovirus entry in live cells. PLoS Biol 5:e183
22. Broo K, Wei J, Marshall D, Brown F, Smith TJ, Johnson JE, Schneemann A, Siuzdak G (2001) Viral capsid mobility: A dynamic conduit for inactivation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:2274-2277 (Pubitemid 32209472)
23. Brown F, Cartwright B (1961) Dissociation of foot-and-mouth disease virus into its nucleic acid and protein components. Nature 192:1163-1164
24. Brown DA, London E (1998) Functions of lipid rafts in biological membranes. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 14:111-136 (Pubitemid 29001451)
25. Bubeck D, Filman DJ, Cheng N, Steven AC, Hogle JM, Belnap DM (2005a) The structure of the poliovirus 135S cell entry intermediate at 10-angstrom resolution reveals the location of an externalized polypeptide that binds to membranes. J Virol 79:7745-7755 (Pubitemid 40756808)
26. Bubeck D, Filman DJ, Hogle JM (2005b) Cryo-electron microscopy reconstruction of a poliovirus- receptor-membrane complex. Nat Struct Mol Biol 12:615-618 (Pubitemid 40980812)
27. Burroughs JN, Rowlands DJ, Sangar DV, Talbot P, Brown F (1971) Further evidence for multiple proteins in the foot-and-mouth disease virus particle. J Gen Virol 13:73-84
28. Casasnovas JM, Springer TA (1994) Pathway of rhinovirus disruption by soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1): An intermediate in which ICAM-1 is bound and RNA is released. J Virol 68:5882-5889
29. Casasnovas JM, Springer TA (1995) Kinetics and thermodynamics of virus binding to receptor. Studies with rhinovirus, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and surface plasmon resonance. J Biol Chem 270:13216-13224
30. Casasnovas JM, Stehle T, Liu JH, Wang JH, Springer TA (1998) A dimeric crystal structure for the N-terminal two domains of intercellular adhesion molecule-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:4134-4139
31. Chen ZG, Stauffacher C, Li Y, Schmidt T, Bomu W, Kamer G, Shanks M, Lomonossoff G, Johnson JE (1989) Protein-RNA interactions in an icosahedral virus at 3.0 A resolution. Science 245:154-159 (Pubitemid 19193930)
32. Chen WJ, Goldstein JL, Brown MS (1990) NPXY, a sequence often found in cytoplasmic tails, is required for coated pit-mediated internalization of the low density lipoprotein receptor. J Biol Chem 265:3116-3123
33. Chow M, Newman JF, Filman D, Hogle JM, Rowlands DJ, Brown F (1987) Myristylation of picornavirus capsid protein VP4 and its structural significance. Nature 327:482-486 (Pubitemid 17085817)
34. Chung SK, Kim JY, Kim IB, Park SI, Paek KH, Nam JH (2005) Internalization and trafficking mechanisms of coxsackievirus B3 in HeLa cells. Virology 333:31-40
35. Colonno RJ, Condra JH, Mizutani S, Callahan PL, Davies ME, Murcko MA (1988) Evidence for the direct involvement of the rhinovirus canyon in receptor binding. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85:5449-5453
36. Cox S, Buontempo PJ, Wright-Minogue J, DeMartino JL, Skelton AM, Ferrari E, Schwartz J, Rozhon EJ, Linn CC, Girijavallabhan V, O'Connell JF (1996) Antipicornavirus activity of SCH 47802 and analogs: In vitro and in vivo studies. Antiviral Res 32:71-79 (Pubitemid 26321143)
37. Coyne CB, Bergelson JM (2005) CAR: A virus receptor within the tight junction. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 57:869-882 (Pubitemid 40488108)
38. Coyne CB, Bergelson JM (2006) Virus-induced Abl and Fyn kinase signals permit coxsackievirus entry through epithelial tight junctions. Cell 124:119-131 (Pubitemid 43069314)
39. Coyne CB, Kim KS, Bergelson JM (2007a) Poliovirus entry into human brain microvascular cells requires receptor-induced activation of SHP-2. Embo J 26:4016-4028 (Pubitemid 47367499)
40. Coyne CB, Shen L, Turner JR, Bergelson JM (2007b) Coxsackievirus entry across epithelial tight junctions requires occludin and the small GTPases Rab34 and Rab5. Cell Host Microbe 2:181-192 (Pubitemid 47355203)
41. Crowell RL, Philipson L (1971) Specific alterations of coxsackievirus B3 eluted from HeLa cells. J Virol 8:509-515
42. Curry S, Abrams CC, Fry E, Crowther JC, Belsham GJ, Stuart DI, King AM (1995) Viral RNA modulates the acid sensitivity of foot-and-mouth disease virus capsids. J Virol 69:430-438 (Pubitemid 24378821)
43. Curry S, Chow M, Hogle JM (1996) The poliovirus 135S particle is infectious. J Virol 70:7125-7131 (Pubitemid 26307429)
44. Curry S, Fry E, Blakemore W, Abu-Ghazaleh R, Jackson T, King A, Lea S, Newman J, Stuart D (1997) Dissecting the roles of VP0 cleavage and RNA packaging in picornavirus capsidstabilization: The structure of empty capsids of foot-and-mouth disease virus. J Virol 71:9743-9752 (Pubitemid 27492423)
45. Damm EM, Pelkmans L, Kartenbeck J, Mezzacasa A, Kurzchalia T, Helenius A (2005) Clathrinand caveolin-1-independent endocytosis: Entry of simian virus 40 into cells devoid of caveolae. J Cell Biol 168:477-488 (Pubitemid 40205069)
46. Danthi P, Tosteson M, Li QH, Chow M (2003) Genome delivery and ion channel properties are altered in VP4 mutants of poliovirus. J Virol 77:5266-5274 (Pubitemid 36460940)
47. Davis MP, Bottley G, Beales LP, Killington RA, Rowlands DJ, Tuthill TJ (2008) Recombinant VP4 of human rhinovirus induces permeability in model membranes. J ViroL 82:4169-4174 (Pubitemid 351521253)
48. De Sena J, Mandel B (1977) Studies on the in vitro uncoating of poliovirus. II. Characteristics of the membrane-modified particle. Virology 78:554-566 (Pubitemid 8115902)
49. DeTulleo L, Kirchhausen T (1998) The clathrin endocytic pathway in viral infection. Embo J 17:4585-4593 (Pubitemid 28377159)
50. Diana GD, Pevear DC, Otto MJ, McKinlay MA, Rossmann MG, Smith T, Badger J (1989) Inhibitors of viral uncoating. Pharmacol Ther 42:289-305 (Pubitemid 19180712)
51. Dicara D, Burman A, Clark S, Berryman S, Howard MJ, Hart IR, Marshall JF, Jackson T (2008) Foot-and-mouth disease virus forms a highly stable, EDTA-resistant complex with its principal receptor, integrin alphavbeta6: Implications for infectiousness. J Virol 82:1537-1546
52. Drose S, Altendorf K (1997) Bafilomycins and concanamycins as inhibitors of V-ATPases and PATPases. J Exp Biol 200:1-8 (Pubitemid 27058890)
53. Dubra MS, La Torre JL, Scodeller EA, Denoya CD, Vasquez C (1982) Cores in foot-and-mouth disease virus. Virology 116:349-353
54. Duque H, LaRocco M, Golde WT, Baxt B (2004) Interactions of foot-and-mouth disease virus with soluble bovine alphaVbeta3 and alphaVbeta6 integrins. J Virol 78:9773-9781
55. Engle MJ, Goetz GS, Alpers DH (1998) Caco-2 cells express a combination of colonocyte and enterocyte phenotypes. J Cell Physiol 174:362-369 (Pubitemid 28068713)
56. Everaert L, Vrijsen R, Boeye A (1989) Eclipse products of poliovirus after cold-synchronized infection of HeLa cells. Virology 171:76-82 (Pubitemid 19180774)
57. Feigelstock D, Thompson P, Mattoo P, Kaplan GG (1998) Polymorphisms of the hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 in African green monkey kidney cells result in antigenic variants that do not react with protective monoclonal antibody 190/4. J Virol 72:6218-6222 (Pubitemid 28283419)
58. Filman DJ, Syed R, Chow M, Macadam AJ, Minor PD, Hogle JM (1989) Structural factors that control conformational transitions and serotype specificity in type 3 poliovirus. Embo J 8:1567-1579 (Pubitemid 19274384)
59. Ford MG, Pearse BM, Higgins MK, Vallis Y, Owen DJ, Gibson A, Hopkins CR, Evans PR, McMahon HT (2001) Simultaneous binding of PtdIns(4, 5)P2 and clathrin by AP180 in the nucleation of clathrin lattices on membranes. Science 291:1051-1055 (Pubitemid 32157415)
60. Fox MP, Otto MJ, McKinlay MA (1986) Prevention of rhinovirus and poliovirus uncoating by WIN 51711, a new antiviral drug. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 30:110-116 (Pubitemid 16097385)
61. Freimuth P, Philipson L, Carson SD (2008) The coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 323:67-87
62. Fricks CE, Hogle JM (1990) Cell-induced conformational change in poliovirus: Externalization of the amino terminus of VP1 is responsible for liposome binding. J Virol 64:1934-1945 (Pubitemid 20148434)
63. Fricks CE, Icenogle JP, Hogle JM (1985) Trypsin sensitivity of the Sabin strain of type 1 poliovirus: Cleavage sites in virions and related particles. J Virol 54:856-859 (Pubitemid 15014720)
64. Fry EE, Knowles NJ, Newman JW, Wilsden G, Rao Z, King AM, Stuart DI (2003) Crystal structure of Swine vesicular disease virus and implications for host adaptation. J Virol 77:5475-5486 (Pubitemid 36460960)
65. Glickman JN, Conibear E, Pearse BM (1989) Specificity of binding of clathrin adaptors to signals on the mannose-6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor. Embo J 8:1041-1047 (Pubitemid 19273268)
66. Golden JS, Harrison SC (1982) Proteolytic dissection of turnip crinkle virus subunit in solution. Biochemistry 21:3862-3866
67. Gomez Yafal A, Kaplan G, Racaniello VR, Hogle JM (1993) Characterization of poliovirus conformational alteration mediated by soluble cell receptors. Virology 197:501-505
68. Goodfellow IG, Powell RM, Ward T, Spiller OB, Almond JW, Evans DJ (2000) Echovirus infection of rhabdomyosarcoma cells is inhibited by antiserum to the complement control protein CD59. J Gen Virol 81:1393-1401 (Pubitemid 30232726)
69. Goodfellow IG, Evans DJ, Blom AM, Kerrigan D, Miners JS, Morgan BP, Spiller OB (2005) Inhibition of coxsackie B virus infection by soluble forms of its receptors: Binding affinities, altered particle formation, and competition with cellular receptors. J Virol 79:12016-12024 (Pubitemid 41279318)
70. Gould GW, Lippincott-Schwartz J (2009) New roles for endosomes: From vesicular carriers to multi-purpose platforms. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 10:287-292
71. Grant RA, Hiremath CN, Filman DJ, Syed R, Andries K, Hogle JM (1994) Structures of poliovirus complexes with anti-viral drugs: Implications for viral stability and drug design. Curr Biol 4:784-797 (Pubitemid 124001574)
72. Grassme H, Riehle A, Wilker B, Gulbins E (2005) Rhinoviruses infect human epithelial cells via ceramide-enriched membrane platforms. J Biol Chem 280:26256-26262 (Pubitemid 41022223)
73. Greve JM, Davis G, Meyer AM, Forte CP, Yost SC, Marlor CW, Kamarck ME, McClelland A (1989) The major human rhinovirus receptor is ICAM-1. Cell 56:839-847 (Pubitemid 19082519)
74. Greve JM, Forte CP, Marlor CW, Meyer AM, Hoover-Litty H, Wunderlich D, McClelland A (1991) Mechanisms of receptor-mediated rhinovirus neutralization defined by two soluble forms of ICAM-1. J Virol 65:6015-6023
75. Gromeier M, Wetz K (1990) Kinetics of poliovirus uncoating in HeLa cells in a nonacidic environment. J Virol 64:3590-3597 (Pubitemid 20227180)
76. Gromeier M, Solecki D, Patel DD, Wimmer E (2000) Expression of the human poliovirus receptor/CD155 gene during development of the central nervous system: Implications for the pathogenesis of poliomyelitis. Virology 273:248-257 (Pubitemid 30641366)
77. Grunert HP, Wolf KU, Langner KD, Sawitzky D, Habermehl KO, Zeichhardt H (1997) Internalization of human rhinovirus 14 into HeLa and ICAM-1-transfected BHK cells. Med Microbiol Immunol 186:1-9 (Pubitemid 27303406)
78. Guttman N, Baltimore D (1977) Morphogenesis of poliovirus. IV. existence of particles sedimenting at 150S and having the properties of provirion. J Virol 23:363-367 (Pubitemid 8148497)
79. Guy M, Chilmonczyk S, Cruciere C, Eloit M, Bakkali-Kassimi L (2009) Efficient infection of buffalo rat liver-resistant cells by encephalomyocarditis virus requires binding to cell surface sialic acids. J Gen Virol 90:187-196
80. Hadfield AT, Lee W, Zhao R, Oliveira MA, Minor I, Rueckert RR, Rossmann MG (1997) The refined structure of human rhinovirus 16 at 2.15 A resolution: Implications for the viral life cycle. Structure 5:427-441 (Pubitemid 27169943)
81. Hansen SH, Sandvig K, van Deurs B (1993) Clathrin and HA2 adaptors: Effects of potassium depletion, hypertonic medium, and cytosol acidification. J Cell Biol 121:61-72 (Pubitemid 23097362)
82. Hao W, Tan Z, Prasad K, Reddy KK, Chen J, Prestwich GD, Falck JR, Shears SB, Lafer EM (1997) Regulation of AP-3 function by inositides. Identification of phosphatidylinositol 3, 4, 5- trisphosphate as a potent ligand. J Biol Chem 272:6393-6398 (Pubitemid 27118117)
83. Heikkila O, Susi P, Stanway G, Hyypia T (2009) Integrin alphaVbeta6 is a high-affinity receptor for coxsackievirus A9. J Gen Virol 90:197-204
84. Hendry E, Hatanaka H, Fry E, Smyth M, Tate J, Stanway G, Santti J, Maaronen M, Hyypia T, Stuart D (1999) The crystal structure of coxsackievirus A9: New insights into the uncoating mechanisms of enteroviruses. Structure 7:1527-1538 (Pubitemid 30007238)
85. Hertzler S, Luo M, Lipton HL (2000) Mutation of predicted virion pit residues alters binding of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus to BHK-21 cells. J Virol 74:1994-2004 (Pubitemid 30434058)
86. Heuser JE, Anderson RG (1989) Hypertonic media inhibit receptor-mediated endocytosis by blocking clathrin-coated pit formation. J Cell Biol 108:389-400 (Pubitemid 19065841)
87. Hewat EA, Blaas D (2004) Cryoelectron microscopy analysis of the structural changes associated with human rhinovirus type 14 uncoating. J Virol 78:2935-2942 (Pubitemid 38314350)
88. Hewat EA, Neumann E, Conway JF, Moser R, Ronacher B, Marlovits TC, Blaas D (2000) The cellular receptor to human rhinovirus 2 binds around the 5-fold axis and not in the canyon: A structural view. Embo J 19:6317-6325
89. Hewat EA, Neumann E, Blaas D (2002) The concerted conformational changes during human rhinovirus 2 uncoating. Mol Cell 10:317-326 (Pubitemid 35007346)
90. Hindiyeh M, Li QH, Basavappa R, Hogle JM, Chow M (1999) Poliovirus mutants at histidine 195 of VP2 do not cleave VP0 into VP2 and VP4. J Virol 73:9072-9079 (Pubitemid 29487060)
91. Hoey EM, Martin SJ (1974) A possible precursor containing RNA of a bovine enterovirus: The provirion 11. J Gen Virol 24:515-524
92. Hofer F, Gruenberger M, Kowalski H, Machat H, Huettinger M, Kuechler E, Blaas D (1994) Members of the low density lipoprotein receptor family mediate cell entry of a minor-group common cold virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:1839-1842 (Pubitemid 24080301)
93. Hoover-Litty H, Greve JM (1993) Formation of rhinovirus-soluble ICAM-1 complexes and conformational changes in the virion. J Virol 67:390-397 (Pubitemid 23003002)
94. Huang Y, Hogle JM, Chow M (2000) Is the 135S poliovirus particle an intermediate during cell entry? J Virol 74:8757-8761 (Pubitemid 30666727)
95. Huber SA (1994) VCAM-1 is a receptor for encephalomyocarditis virus on murine vascular endothelial cells. J Virol 68:3453-3458 (Pubitemid 24177367)
96. Hughes PJ, Horsnell C, Hyypia T, Stanway G (1995) The coxsackievirus A9 RGD motif is not essential for virus viability. J Virol 69:8035-8040
97. Jackson T, Ellard FM, Ghazaleh RA, Brookes SM, Blakemore WE, Corteyn AH, Stuart DI, Newman JW, King AM (1996) Efficient infection of cells in culture by type O foot-andmouth disease virus requires binding to cell surface heparan sulfate. J Virol 70:5282-5287 (Pubitemid 26240701)
98. Jackson T, Sheppard D, Denyer M, Blakemore W, King AM (2000) The epithelial integrin alphavbeta6 is a receptor for foot-and-mouth disease virus. J Virol 74:4949-4956 (Pubitemid 30313833)
99. Jackson T, Mould AP, Sheppard D, King AM (2002) Integrin alphavbeta1 is a receptor for footand- mouth disease virus. J Virol 76:935-941 (Pubitemid 34066398)
100. Jackson T, Clark S, Berryman S, Burman A, Cambier S, Mu D, Nishimura S, King AM (2004) Integrin alphavbeta8 functions as a receptor for foot-and-mouth disease virus: Role of the betachain cytodomain in integrin-mediated infection. J Virol 78:4533-4540 (Pubitemid 38501073)
101. Johansson S, Niklasson B, Maizel J, Gorbalenya AE, Lindberg AM (2002) Molecular analysis of three Ljungan virus isolates reveals a new, close-to-root lineage of the Picornaviridae with a cluster of two unrelated 2A proteins. J Virol 76:8920-8930 (Pubitemid 34864086)
102. Johns HL, Berryman S, Monaghan P, Belsham GJ, Jackson T (2009) A dominant negative mutant of rab5 inhibits infection of cells by foot-and-mouth disease virus; implications for virus entry. J Virol 83(12):6247-6256
103. Joki-Korpela P, Marjomaki V, Krogerus C, Heino J, Hyypia T (2001) Entry of human parechovirus 1. J Virol 75:1958-1967 (Pubitemid 32110186)
104. Joklik WK, Darnell JE Jr (1961) The adsorption and early fate of purified poliovirus in HeLa cells. Virology 13:439-447
105. Kaplan G, Totsuka A, Thompson P, Akatsuka T, Moritsugu Y, Feinstone SM (1996) Identification of a surface glycoprotein on African green monkey kidney cells as a receptor for hepatitis A virus. Embo J 15:4282-4296 (Pubitemid 26278711)
106. Karjalainen M, Kakkonen E, Upla P, Paloranta H, Kankaanpaa P, Liberali P, Renkema GH, Hyypia T, Heino J, Marjomaki V (2008) A Raft-derived, Pak1-regulated entry participates in alpha2beta1 integrin-dependent sorting to caveosomes. Mol Biol Cell 19:2857-2869
107. Katpally U, Smith TJ (2007) Pocket factors are unlikely to play a major role in the life cycle of human rhinovirus. J Virol 81:6307-6315 (Pubitemid 46878037)
108. Katpally U, Fu TM, Freed DC, Casimiro DR, Smith TJ (2009) Antibodies to the buried N terminus of rhinovirus VP4 exhibit cross-serotypic neutralization. J Virol 83:7040-7048
109. Kim SS, Smith TJ, Chapman MS, Rossmann MC, Pevear DC, Dutko FJ, Felock PJ, Diana GD, McKinlay MA (1989) Crystal structure of human rhinovirus serotype 1A (HRV1A). J Mol Biol 210:91-111 (Pubitemid 19286590)
110. Konecsni T, Kremser L, Snyers L, Rankl C, Kilar F, Kenndler E, Blaas D (2004) Twelve receptor molecules attach per viral particle of human rhinovirus serotype 2 via multiple modules. FEBS Lett 568:99-104 (Pubitemid 38757963)
111. Korant BD, Lonberg-Holm K, Noble J, Stasny JT (1972) Naturally occurring and artificially produced components of three rhinoviruses. Virology 48:71-86
112. Kruse J, Kruse KM, Witz J, Chauvin C, Jacrot B, Tardieu A (1982) Divalent ion-dependent reversible swelling of tomato bushy stunt virus and organization of the expanded virion. J Mol Biol 162:393-414
113. Lau C, Wang X, Song L, North M, Wiehler S, Proud D, Chow CW (2008) Syk associates with clathrin and mediates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation during human rhinovirus internalization. J Immunol 180:870-880
114. Lea S (2002) Interactions of CD55 with non-complement ligands. Biochem Soc Trans 30:1014-1019 (Pubitemid 36002398)
115. Lee WM, Monroe SS, Rueckert RR (1993) Role of maturation cleavage in infectivity of picornaviruses: Activation of an infectosome. J Virol 67:2110-2122 (Pubitemid 23088386)
116. Levy HC, Bostina M, Filman DJ, Hogle JM (2010) Catching a virus in the act of RNA-release: A novel poliovirus uncoating intermediate characterized by cryoelectron microscopy. J Virol (Epub ahead of print)
117. Lewis JK, Bothner B, Smith TJ, Siuzdak G (1998) Antiviral agent blocks breathing of the common cold virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:6774-6778 (Pubitemid 28278056)
118. Li Q, Yafal AG, Lee YM, Hogle J, Chow M (1994) Poliovirus neutralization by antibodies to internal epitopes of VP4 and VP1 results from reversible exposure of these sequences at physiological temperature. J Virol 68:3965-3970 (Pubitemid 24177422)
119. Li F, Browning GF, Studdert MJ, Crabb BS (1996) Equine rhinovirus 1 is more closely related to foot-and-mouth disease virus than to other picornaviruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:990-995 (Pubitemid 26052833)
120. Liberali P, Kakkonen E, Turacchio G, Valente C, Spaar A, Perinetti G, Bockmann RA, Corda D, Colanzi A, Marjomaki V, Luini A (2008) The closure of Pak1-dependent macropinosomes requires the phosphorylation of CtBP1/BARS. Embo J 27:970-981 (Pubitemid 351508162)
121. Lindahl G, Sjobring U, Johnsson E (2000) Human complement regulators: A major target for pathogenic microorganisms. Curr Opin Immunol 12:44-51 (Pubitemid 30093449)
122. Lipton HL, Kumar AS, Hertzler S, Reddi HV (2006) Differential usage of carbohydrate coreceptors influences cellular tropism of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus infection of the central nervous system. Glycoconj J 23:39-49
123. Logan D, Abu-Ghazaleh R, Blakemore W, Curry S, Jackson T, King A, Lea S, Lewis R, Newman J, Parry N et al (1993) Structure of a major immunogenic site on foot-and-mouth disease virus. Nature 362:566-568 (Pubitemid 23113036)
124. Lonberg-Holm K, Korant BD (1972) Early interaction of rhinoviruses with host cells. J Virol 9:29-40
125. Lonberg-Holm K, Yin FH (1973) Antigenic determinants of infective and inactivated human rhinovirus type 2. J Virol 12:114-123
126. Lonberg-Holm K, Gosser LB, Kauer JC (1975) Early alteration of poliovirus in infected cells and its specific inhibition. J Gen Virol 27:329-342
127. Lonberg-Holm K, Gosser LB, Shimshick EJ (1976) Interaction of liposomes with subviral particles of poliovirus type 2 and rhinovirus type 2. J Virol 19:746-749
128. Luo M, Vriend G, Kamer G, Minor I, Arnold E, Rossmann MG, Boege U, Scraba DG, Duke GM, Palmenberg AC (1987) The atomic structure of Mengo virus at 3.0 A resolution. Science 235:182-191 (Pubitemid 17231335)
129. Mak TW, O'Callaghan DJ, Colter JS (1970) Studies of the pH inactivation of three variants of Mengo encephalomyelitis virus. Virology 40:565-571
130. Marjomaki V, Pietiainen V, Matilainen H, Upla P, Ivaska J, Nissinen L, Reunanen H, Huttunen P, Hyypia T, Heino J (2002) Internalization of echovirus 1 in caveolae. J Virol 76:1856-1865 (Pubitemid 34094632)
131. Marlovits TC, Abrahamsberg C, Blaas D (1998a) Soluble LDL minireceptors. Minimal structure requirements for recognition of minor group human rhinovirus. J Biol Chem 273:33835-33840
132. Marlovits TC, Abrahamsberg C, Blaas D (1998b) Very-low-density lipoprotein receptor fragment shed from HeLa cells inhibits human rhinovirus infection. J Virol 72:10246-10250 (Pubitemid 28520899)
133. Marlovits TC, Zechmeister T, Schwihla H, Ronacher B, Blaas D (1998c) Recombinant soluble low-density lipoprotein receptor fragment inhibits common cold infection. J Mol Recognit 11:49-51 (Pubitemid 29105266)
134. Martin-Acebes MA, Gonzalez-Magaldi M, Sandvig K, Sobrino F, Armas-Portela R (2007) Productive entry of type C foot-and-mouth disease virus into susceptible cultured cells requires clathrin and is dependent on the presence of plasma membrane cholesterol. Virology 369:105-118 (Pubitemid 350029875)
135. Martin-Acebes MA, Gonzalez-Magaldi M, Vazquez-Calvo A, Armas-Portela R, Sobrino F (2009) Internalization of swine vesicular disease virus into cultured cells: A comparative study with foot-and-mouth disease virus. J Virol 83(9):4216-4226
136. Martinez MA, Verdaguer N, Mateu MG, Domingo E (1997) Evolution subverting essentiality: Dispensability of the cell attachment Arg-Gly-Asp motif in multiply passaged foot-and-mouth disease virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:6798-6802 (Pubitemid 27281944)
137. Mason PW, Baxt B, Brown F, Harber J, Murdin A, Wimmer E (1993) Antibody-complexed footand- mouth disease virus, but not poliovirus, can infect normally insusceptible cells via the Fc receptor. Virology 192:568-577
138. McDermott BM Jr, Rux AH, Eisenberg RJ, Cohen GH, Racaniello VR (2000) Two distinct binding affinities of poliovirus for its cellular receptor. J Biol Chem 275:23089-23096 (Pubitemid 30646200)
139. McIntire JJ, Umetsu DT, DeKruyff RH (2004) TIM-1, a novel allergy and asthma susceptibility gene. Springer Semin Immunopathol 25:335-348
140. Mellman I, Fuchs R, Helenius A (1986) Acidification of the endocytic and exocytic pathways. Annu Rev Biochem 55:663-700 (Pubitemid 16070784)
141. Monaghan P, Gold S, Simpson J, Zhang Z, Weinreb PH, Violette SM, Alexandersen S, Jackson T (2005) The alpha(v)beta6 integrin receptor for Foot-and-mouth disease virus is expressed constitutively on the epithelial cells targeted in cattle. J Gen Virol 86:2769-2780 (Pubitemid 41410467)
142. Mendelsohn CL, Wimmer E, Racaniello VR (1988) Cellular receptor for poliovirus: Molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence, and expression of a new member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. Cell 56:855-865 (Pubitemid 19082521)
143. Muro S, Wiewrodt R, Thomas A, Koniaris L, Albelda SM, Muzykantov VR, Koval M (2003) A novel endocytic pathway induced by clustering endothelial ICAM-1 or PECAM-1. J Cell Sci 116:1599-1609 (Pubitemid 36527505)
144. Nathanson N (2008) The pathogenesis of poliomyelitis: What we don't know. Adv Virus Res 71:1-50
145. Nelsen-Salz B, Eggers HJ, Zimmermann H (1999) Integrin alpha(v)beta3 (vitronectin receptor) is a candidate receptor for the virulent echovirus 9 strain Barty. J Gen Virol 80(Pt 9): 2311-2313 (Pubitemid 29408355)
146. Neubauer C, Frasel L, Kuechler E, Blaas D (1987) Mechanism of entry of human rhinovirus 2 into HeLa cells. Virology 158:255-258 (Pubitemid 17073092)
147. Nishimura Y, Shimojima M, Tano Y, Miyamura T, Wakita T, Shimizu H (2009) Human P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 is a functional receptor for enterovirus 71. Nat Med 15:794-797
148. Nusrat A, Chen JA, Foley CS, Liang TW, Tom J, Cromwell M, Quan C, Mrsny RJ (2000a) The coiled-coil domain of occludin can act to organize structural and functional elements of the epithelial tight junction. J Biol Chem 275:29816-29822 (Pubitemid 32043866)
149. Nusrat A, Parkos CA, Verkade P, Foley CS, Liang TW, Innis-Whitehouse W, Eastburn KK, Madara JL (2000b) Tight junctions are membrane microdomains. J Cell Sci 113(Pt 10): 1771-1781 (Pubitemid 30333126)
150. O'Donnell V, LaRocco M, Duque H, Baxt B (2005) Analysis of foot-and-mouth disease virus internalization events in cultured cells. J Virol 79:8506-8518 (Pubitemid 40853551)
151. O'Donnell V, Larocco M, Baxt B (2008) Heparan sulfate-binding foot-and-mouth disease virus enters cells via caveola-mediated endocytosis. J Virol 82:9075-9085
152. Oliveira MA, Zhao R, Lee WM, Kremer MJ, Minor I, Rueckert RR, Diana GD, Pevear DC, Dutko FJ, McKinlay MA et al (1993) The structure of human rhinovirus 16. Structure 1:51-68
153. Olson NH, Kolatkar PR, Oliveira MA, Cheng RH, Greve JM, McClelland A, Baker TS, Rossmann MG (1993) Structure of a human rhinovirus complexed with its receptor molecule. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:507-511 (Pubitemid 23028892)
154. Palmenberg AC, Spiro D, Kuzmickas R, Wang S, Djikeng A, Rathe JA, Fraser-Liggett CM, Liggett SB (2009) Sequencing and analyses of all known human rhinovirus genomes reveal structure and evolution. Science 324:55-59
155. Parton RG (2004) Caveolae meet endosomes: A stable relationship? Dev Cell 7:458-460 (Pubitemid 39341830)
156. Patel KP, Bergelson JM (2009) Receptors identified for hand, foot and mouth virus. Nat Med 15:728-729
157. Pearse BM (1988) Receptors compete for adaptors found in plasma membrane coated pits. Embo J 7:3331-3336
158. Pelkmans L, Helenius A (2003) Insider information: What viruses tell us about endocytosis. Curr Opin Cell Biol 15:414-422 (Pubitemid 36928043)
159. Pelkmans L, Burli T, Zerial M, Helenius A (2004) Caveolin-stabilized membrane domains as multifunctional transport and sorting devices in endocytic membrane traffic. Cell 118:767-780 (Pubitemid 39221735)
160. Pelkmans L, Fava E, Grabner H, Hannus M, Habermann B, Krausz E, Zerial M (2005) Genomewide analysis of human kinases in clathrin- and caveolae/raft-mediated endocytosis. Nature 436:78-86 (Pubitemid 40966188)
161. Perez L, Carrasco L (1993) Entry of poliovirus into cells does not require a low-pH step. J Virol 67:4543-4548 (Pubitemid 23215932)
162. Pevear DC, Fancher MJ, Felock PJ, Rossmann MG, Miller MS, Diana G, Treasurywala AM, McKinlay MA, Dutko FJ (1989) Conformational change in the floor of the human rhinovirus canyon blocks adsorption to HeLa cell receptors. J Virol 63:2002-2007 (Pubitemid 19107797)
163. Phelps DK, Post CB (1999) Molecular dynamics investigation of the effect of an antiviral compound on human rhinovirus. Protein Sci 8:2281-2289 (Pubitemid 29536394)
164. Pietiainen V, Marjomaki V, Upla P, Pelkmans L, Helenius A, Hyypia T (2004) Echovirus 1 endocytosis into caveosomes requires lipid rafts, dynamin II, and signaling events. Mol Biol Cell 15:4911-4925 (Pubitemid 39392207)
165. Powell RM, Schmitt V, Ward T, Goodfellow I, Evans DJ, Almond JW (1998) Characterization of echoviruses that bind decay accelerating factor (CD55): Evidence that some haemagglutinating strains use more than one cellular receptor. J Gen Virol 79(Pt 7):1707-1713 (Pubitemid 28330675)
166. Powell RM, Ward T, Goodfellow I, Almond JW, Evans DJ (1999) Mapping the binding domains on decay accelerating factor (DAF) for haemagglutinating enteroviruses: Implications for the evolution of a DAF-binding phenotype. J Gen Virol 80(Pt 12):3145-3152
167. Prchla E, Kuechler E, Blaas D, Fuchs R (1994) Uncoating of human rhinovirus serotype 2 from late endosomes. J Virol 68:3713-3723 (Pubitemid 24177396)
168. Prchla E, Plank C, Wagner E, Blaas D, Fuchs R (1995) Virus-mediated release of endosomal content in vitro: Different behavior of adenovirus and rhinovirus serotype 2. J Cell Biol 131:111-123
169. Querol-Audi J, Konecsni T, Pous J, Carugo O, Fita I, Verdaguer N, Blaas D (2009) Minor group human rhinovirus-receptor interactions: Geometry of multimodular attachment and basis of recognition. FEBS Lett 583:235-240
170. Racaniello VR (2007) Picornaviridae: The viruses and their replication. In Knipe DM, Howley PM, Griffin DE, Lamb RA, Martin MA, Roizman B, Strauss SE (5th ed) Fields Virology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, USA, pp 795-838
171. Rankl C, Kienberger F, Wildling L, Wruss J, Gruber HJ, Blaas D, Hinterdorfer P (2008) Multiple receptors involved in human rhinovirus attachment to live cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105:17778-17783
172. Reischl A, Reithmayer M, Winsauer G, Moser R, Gosler I, Blaas D (2001) Viral evolution toward change in receptor usage: Adaptation of a major group human rhinovirus to grow in ICAM-1- negative cells. J Virol 75:9312-9319 (Pubitemid 32851935)
173. Reisdorph N, Thomas JJ, Katpally U, Chase E, Harris K, Siuzdak G, Smith TJ (2003) Human rhinovirus capsid dynamics is controlled by canyon flexibility. Virology 314:34-44 (Pubitemid 37153299)
174. Rink J, Ghigo E, Kalaidzidis Y, Zerial M (2005) Rab conversion as a mechanism of progression from early to late endosomes. Cell 122:735-749 (Pubitemid 41242638)
175. Robinson IK, Harrison SC (1982) Structure of the expanded state of Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus. Nature 297:563-568
176. Rodal SK, Skretting G, Garred O, Vilhardt F, van Deurs B, Sandvig K (1999) Extraction of cholesterol with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin perturbs formation of clathrin-coated endocytic vesicles. Mol Biol Cell 10:961-974 (Pubitemid 29193724)
177. Roivainen M, Piirainen L, Hovi T, Virtanen I, Riikonen T, Heino J, Hyypia T (1994) Entry of coxsackievirus A9 into host cells: Specific interactions with alpha v beta 3 integrin, the vitronectin receptor. Virology 203:357-365
178. Rowlands DJ, Sangar DV, Brown F (1975) A comparative chemical and serological study of the full and empty particles of foot-and mouth disease virus. J Gen Virol 26:227-238
179. Sa-Carvalho D, Rieder E, Baxt B, Rodarte R, Tanuri A, Mason PW (1997) Tissue culture adaptation of foot-and-mouth disease virus selects viruses that bind to heparin and are attenuated in cattle. J Virol 71:5115-5123 (Pubitemid 27258183)
180. Schober D, Kronenberger P, Prchla E, Blaas D, Fuchs R (1998) Major and minor receptor group human rhinoviruses penetrate from endosomes by different mechanisms. J Virol 72:1354-1364 (Pubitemid 28116921)
181. Shafren DR, Dorahy DJ, Greive SJ, Burns GF, Barry RD (1997a) Mouse cells expressing human intercellular adhesion molecule-1 are susceptible to infection by coxsackievirus A21. J Virol 71:785-789
182. Shafren DR, Dorahy DJ, Ingham RA, Burns GF, Barry RD (1997b) Coxsackievirus A21 binds to decay-accelerating factor but requires intercellular adhesion molecule 1 for cell entry. J Virol 71:4736-4743 (Pubitemid 27204166)
183. Shafren DR, Williams DT, Barry RD (1997c) A decay-accelerating factor-binding strain of coxsackievirus B3 requires the coxsackievirus- adenovirus receptor protein to mediate lytic infection of rhabdomyosarcoma cells. J Virol 71:9844-9848 (Pubitemid 27492441)
184. Silberstein E, Dveksler G, Kaplan GG (2001) Neutralization of hepatitis A virus (HAV) by an immunoadhesin containing the cysteine-rich region of HAV cellular receptor-1. J Virol 75:717-725 (Pubitemid 32037275)
185. Silberstein E, Xing L, van de Beek W, Lu J, Cheng H, Kaplan GG (2003) Alteration of hepatitis A virus (HAV) particles by a soluble form of HAV cellular receptor 1 containing the immunoglobin- and mucin-like regions. J Virol 77:8765-8774 (Pubitemid 36936088)
186. Smith TJ, Kremer MJ, Luo M, Vriend G, Arnold E, Kamer G, Rossmann MG, McKinlay MA, Diana GD, Otto MJ (1986) The site of attachment in human rhinovirus 14 for antiviral agents that inhibit uncoating. Science 233:1286-1293 (Pubitemid 16002229)
187. Smyth M, Tate J, Hoey E, Lyons C, Martin S, Stuart D (1995) Implications for viral uncoating from the structure of bovine enterovirus. Nat Struct Biol 2:224-231
188. Snyers L, Zwickl H, Blaas D (2003) Human rhinovirus type 2 is internalized by clathrin-mediated endocytosis. J Virol 77:5360-5369 (Pubitemid 36460950)
189. Speelman B, Brooks BR, Post CB (2001) Molecular dynamics simulations of human rhinovirus and an antiviral compound. Biophys J 80:121-129
190. Speir JA, Munshi S, Wang G, Baker TS, Johnson JE (1995) Structures of the native and swollen forms of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus determined by X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy. Structure 3:63-78
191. Stanway G, Joki-Korpela P, Hyypia T (2000) Human parechoviruses-biology and clinical significance. Rev Med Virol 10:57-69
192. Staunton DE, Merluzzi VJ, Rothlein R, Barton R, Marlin SD, Springer TA (1989) A cell adhesion molecule, ICAM-1, is the major surface receptor for rhinoviruses. Cell 56:849-853 (Pubitemid 19082520)
193. Stevenson RA, Huang JA, Studdert MJ, Hartley CA (2004) Sialic acid acts as a receptor for equine rhinitis A virus binding and infection. J Gen Virol 85:2535-2543 (Pubitemid 39214349)
194. Subtil A, Gaidarov I, Kobylarz K, Lampson MA, Keen JH, McGraw TE (1999) Acute cholesterol depletion inhibits clathrin-coated pit budding. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:6775-6780 (Pubitemid 29274959)
195. Superti F, Seganti L, Orsi N, Divizia M, Gabrieli R, Pana A (1987) The effect of lipophilic amines on the growth of hepatitis A virus in Frp/3 cells. Arch Virol 96:289-296 (Pubitemid 17135543)
196. Superti F, Seganti L, Orsi N, Divizia M, Gabrieli R, Pana A (1989) Effect of cellular function inhibitors on the infection of Frp/3 cells by hepatitis A virus. Med Microbiol Immunol 178:29-36 (Pubitemid 19003344)
197. Takai Y, Miyoshi J, Ikeda W, Ogita H (2008) Nectins and nectin-like molecules: Roles in contact inhibition of cell movement and proliferation. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 9:603-615 (Pubitemid 352032927)
198. Tami C, Silberstein E, Manangeeswaran M, Freeman GJ, Umetsu SE, DeKruyff RH, Umetsu DT, Kaplan GG (2007) Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is a natural ligand of hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 (HAVCR1), and the association of IgA with HAVCR1 enhances virus-receptor interactions. J Virol 81:3437-3446 (Pubitemid 46456652)
199. Tartakoff AM (1983) Perturbation of vesicular traffic with the carboxylic ionophore monensin. Cell 32:1026-1028 (Pubitemid 13033044)
200. Tavakkol A, Burness AT (1990) Evidence for a direct role for sialic acid in the attachment of encephalomyocarditis virus to human erythrocytes. Biochemistry 29:10684-10690
201. Tesar M, Jia XY, Summers DF, Ehrenfeld E (1993) Analysis of a potential myristoylation site in hepatitis A virus capsid protein VP4. Virology 194:616-626
202. Thompson P, Lu J, Kaplan GG (1998) The Cys-rich region of hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 is required for binding of hepatitis A virus and protective monoclonal antibody 190/4. J Virol 72:3751-3761 (Pubitemid 28188673)
203. Tomassini JE, Graham D, DeWitt CM, Lineberger DW, Rodkey JA, Colonno RJ (1989) cDNA cloning reveals that the major group rhinovirus receptor on HeLa cells is intercellular adhesion molecule 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:4907-4911 (Pubitemid 19182207)
204. Tosteson MT, ChowM (1997) Characterization of the ion channels formed by poliovirus in planar lipid membranes. J Virol 71:507-511 (Pubitemid 26412320)
205. Tosteson MT, Wang H, Naumov A, Chow M (2004) Poliovirus binding to its receptor in lipid bilayers results in particle-specific, temperature-sensitive channels. J Gen Virol 85: 1581-1589 (Pubitemid 38807755)
206. Toth KS, Zhang CX, Lipton HL, Luo M (1993) Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of Theiler's virus (GDVII strain). J Mol Biol 231:1126-1129 (Pubitemid 23209885)
207. Triantafilou M, Triantafilou K, Wilson KM, Takada Y, Fernandez N, Stanway G (1999) Involvement of beta2-microglobulin and integrin alphavbeta3 molecules in the coxsackievirus A9 infectious cycle. J Gen Virol 80(Pt 10):2591-2600 (Pubitemid 29458619)
208. Triantafilou K, Triantafilou M, Takada Y, Fernandez N (2000) Human parechovirus 1 utilizes integrins alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta1 as receptors. J Virol 74:5856-5862 (Pubitemid 30412953)
209. Triantafilou K, Takada Y, Triantafilou M (2001) Mechanisms of integrin-mediated virus attachment and internalization process. Crit Rev Immunol 21:311-322 (Pubitemid 34208439)
210. Triantafilou K, Fradelizi D, Wilson K, Triantafilou M (2002) GRP78, a coreceptor for coxsackievirus A9, interacts with major histocompatibility complex class I molecules which mediate virus internalization. J Virol 76:633-643 (Pubitemid 34033362)
211. Tsang SK, Danthi P, Chow M, Hogle JM (2000) Stabilization of poliovirus by capsid-binding antiviral drugs is due to entropic effects. J Mol Biol 296:335-340
212. Tsang SK, Cheh J, Isaacs L, Joseph-McCarthy D, Choi SK, Pevear DC, Whitesides GM, Hogle JM (2001) A structurally biased combinatorial approach for discovering new anti-picornaviral compounds. Chem Biol 8:33-45 (Pubitemid 32165810)
213. Turner M, Schweighoffer E, Colucci F, Di Santo JP, Tybulewicz VL (2000) Tyrosine kinase SYK: Essential functions for immunoreceptor signalling. Immunol Today 21:148-154 (Pubitemid 30122705)
214. Tuthill TJ, Papadopoulos NG, Jourdan P, Challinor LJ, Sharp NA, Plumpton C, Shah K, Barnard S, Dash L, Burnet J, Killington RA, Rowlands DJ, Clarke NJ, Blair ED, Johnston SL (2003) Mouse respiratory epithelial cells support efficient replication of human rhinovirus. J Gen Virol 84:2829-2836 (Pubitemid 37220261)
215. Tuthill TJ, Bubeck D, Rowlands DJ, Hogle JM (2006) Characterization of early steps in the poliovirus infection process: Receptor-decorated liposomes induce conversion of the virus to membrane-anchored entry-intermediate particles. J Virol 80:172-180
216. Tuthill TJ, Rowlands DJ, Killington RA (2007) Future Virol 2(4):343-351
217. Tuthill TJ, Harlos K, Walter TS, Knowles NJ, Groppelli E, Rowlands DJ, Stuart DI, Fry EE (2009) Equine rhinitis A virus and its low pH empty particle: Clues towards an aphthovirus entry mechanism? PLoS Pathog 5:e1000620
218. Ulanova M, Puttagunta L, Marcet-Palacios M, Duszyk M, Steinhoff U, Duta F, Kim MK, Indik ZK, Schreiber AD, Befus AD (2005) Syk tyrosine kinase participates in beta1-integrin signaling and inflammatory responses in airway epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 288:L497-L507 (Pubitemid 40229515)
219. Upla P, Marjomaki V, Kankaanpaa P, Ivaska J, Hyypia T, Van Der Goot FG, Heino J (2004) Clustering induces a lateral redistribution of alpha 2 beta 1 integrin from membrane rafts to caveolae and subsequent protein kinase C-dependent internalization. Mol Biol Cell 15:625-636 (Pubitemid 38146479)
220. van Vlijmen HW, Curry S, Schaefer M, Karplus M (1998) Titration calculations of footand- mouth disease virus capsids and their stabilities as a function of pH. J Mol Biol 275:295-308 (Pubitemid 28030005)
221. Vaughan JC, Brandenburg B, Hogle JM, Zhuang X (2009) Rapid actin-dependent viral motility in live cells. Biophys J 97:1647-1656
222. Verdaguer N, Blaas D, Fita I (2000) Structure of human rhinovirus serotype 2 (HRV2). J Mol Biol 300:1179-1194
223. Vlasak M, Roivainen M, Reithmayer M, Goesler I, Laine P, Snyers L, Hovi T, Blaas D (2005) The minor receptor group of human rhinovirus (HRV) includes HRV23 and HRV25, but the presence of a lysine in the VP1 HI loop is not sufficient for receptor binding. J Virol 79:7389-7395 (Pubitemid 40756775)
224. Wachsman MB, Castilla V, Coto CE (1998) Inhibition of foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) uncoating by a plant-derived peptide isolated from Melia azedarach L leaves. Arch Virol 143:581-590 (Pubitemid 28167190)
225. Wang LH, Rothberg KG, Anderson RG (1993) Mis-assembly of clathrin lattices on endosomes reveals a regulatory switch for coated pit formation. J Cell Biol 123:1107-1117 (Pubitemid 23352421)
226. Wang X, Lau C, Wiehler S, Pow A, Mazzulli T, Gutierrez C, Proud D, Chow CW (2006) Syk is downstream of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and mediates human rhinovirus activation of p38 MAPK in airway epithelial cells. J Immunol 177:6859-6870 (Pubitemid 44715051)
227. Ward T, Powell RM, Pipkin PA, Evans DJ, Minor PD, Almond JW (1998) Role for beta2- microglobulin in echovirus infection of rhabdomyosarcoma cells. J Virol 72:5360-5365 (Pubitemid 28283315)
228. Warner S, Hartley CA, Stevenson RA, Ficorilli N, Varrasso A, Studdert MJ, Crabb BS (2001) Evidence that Equine rhinitis A virus VP1 is a target of neutralizing antibodies and participates directly in receptor binding. J Virol 75:9274-9281 (Pubitemid 32851930)
229. Wetz K, Kucinski T (1991) Influence of different ionic and pH environments on structural alterations of poliovirus and their possible relation to virus uncoating. J Gen Virol 72 (Pt 10):2541-2544
230. Widell A, Hansson BG, Oberg B, Nordenfelt E (1986) Influence of twenty potentially antiviral substances on in vitro multiplication of hepatitis A virus. Antiviral Res 6:103-112 (Pubitemid 16149993)
231. Williams CH, Kajander T, Hyypia T, Jackson T, Sheppard D, Stanway G (2004) Integrin alpha v beta 6 is an RGD-dependent receptor for coxsackievirus A9. J Virol 78:6967-6973 (Pubitemid 38781535)
232. Wipf P, Halter RJ (2005) Chemistry and biology of wortmannin. Org Biomol Chem 3:2053-2061 (Pubitemid 40859876)
233. Wruss J, Runzler D, Steiger C, Chiba P, Kohler G, Blaas D (2007) Attachment of VLDL receptors to an icosahedral virus along the 5-fold symmetry axis: Multiple binding modes evidenced by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Biochemistry 46:6331-6339 (Pubitemid 46842876)
234. Xing L, Huhtala M, Pietiainen V, Kapyla J, Vuorinen K, Marjomaki V, Heino J, Johnson MS, Hyypia T, Cheng RH (2004) Structural and functional analysis of integrin alpha2I domain interaction with echovirus 1. J Biol Chem 279:11632-11638 (Pubitemid 38401665)
235. Yamayoshi S, Yamashita Y, Li J, Hanagata N, Minowa T, Takemura T, Koike S (2009) Scavenger receptor B2 is a cellular receptor for enterovirus 71. Nat Med 15:798-801
236. Ye W, Ali N, Bembenek ME, Shears SB, Lafer EM (1995) Inhibition of clathrin assembly by high affinity binding of specific inositol polyphosphates to the synapse-specific clathrin assembly protein AP-3. J Biol Chem 270:1564-1568
237. Zhou L, Luo Y, Wu Y, Tsao J, Luo M (2000) Sialylation of the host receptor may modulate entry of demyelinating persistent Theiler's virus. J Virol 74:1477-1485 (Pubitemid 30044098)