The virtosome-a novel cytosolic informative entity and intercellular messenger

Cell Biochemistry and Function

Volumn 28, Issue 7, 2010, Pages 529-538

  Gahan, Peter B ^a   Stroun, Maurice ^b  

^a KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b Oncology   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Cellular release; Cellular uptake; DNA; Metastases; Polymerases; RNA

Indexed keywords

DNA; LIPOPROTEIN; NUCLEIC ACID; RNA;

CELL INCLUSION; CYTOSOL; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; DNA PROTEIN COMPLEX; DNA TRANSFER; EUKARYOTIC CELL; HUMAN; MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION; METASTASIS; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN RNA BINDING; REVIEW; RNA TRANSPORT; VIRTOSOME;

ANIMALS; CARRIER PROTEINS; CELL COMMUNICATION; CYTOPLASMIC STRUCTURES; DNA; DNA-BINDING PROTEINS; GENE TRANSFER, HORIZONTAL; GENETIC STRUCTURES; HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS; HUMANS; IMMUNITY; LIPOPROTEINS; NEOPLASM METASTASIS; RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS; RNA; TUMOR MARKERS, BIOLOGICAL;

EUKARYOTA; PROKARYOTA;

EID: 78650465737     PISSN: 02636484     EISSN: 10990844     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1690     Document Type: Review

References (136)

1. Mendel P, Métais P. Les acides nucléiques du plasma sanguine chez l'homme. C R Acad Sci Paris 1948; 142: 241-243.
2. Stroun M. Modifications des caractères à la suite de greffes intervariétales chez le Solanum melongena. CR Acad Sci Paris 1962; 255: 361-363.
3. Stroun M. Modifications transmitted to the offspring, provoked by heterograft in Solanum melongena. Arch Sci Genève 1963; 16: 1-21.
4. Gahan PB. Messenger DNA in higher plants. Cell Biochem Func 2003; 21: 207-209.
5. Gahan PB, Silcox A, Chayen J. Cytoplasmic localization of deoxyribonucleic acid in Allium cepa. Nature 1962; 195: 1115-1116.
6. Gahan PB, Chayen J. Cytoplasmic deoxyribonucleic acid. Int Rev Cytol 1965; 18: 223-248.
7. Pelc SR. Turnover of DNA and function. Nature 1968; 219: 162-163.
8. Bell E. I-DNA: its packaging and its relation to protein synthesis during differentiation. Nature 1969; 224: 326-328.
9. Adams DH. The problem of cytoplasmic DNA: its extrusion/uptake by cultured cells and its possible role in cell-cell information transfer. Int J Biochem 1985; 17: 1133-1141.
10. Stroun M, Anker P, Charles P, Ledoux L. Translocation of DNA of bacterial origin in Lycopersicon esculentum by ultra-centrifugation and caesium chloride gradient. Nature 1967; 215: 975-976.
11. Gahan PB, Anker P, Stroun M. An autoradiographic study of bacterial DNA in Lycopersicon esculentum Ann Bot 1973; 37: 681-685.
12. Ledoux L, Huart R. Fate of exogenous DNA in plants. In Uptake of Informative Molecules by Living Cells, Ledoux L (ed.). North-Holland Publishing Company: Amsterdam, 1972; 254-276.
13. Ledoux L. Uptake of DNA by living cells. In Progress in Nucleic Acid Research and Molecular Biology, Davidson JN (ed.). Cohn Academic Press 4: London, 1965; 231-235.
14. Stroun M, Anker P, Ledoux L. Fate of bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid in Lycopersicum esc Nature 1966; 212: 397-398.
15. Stroun M, Anker P, Ledoux L. DNA replication in Solanum Lycopersicum esc. after absorption of bacterial DNA. Curr in Mod Bio 1967; 1: 231-234.
16. Ledoux L, Huart R. DNA-mediated genetic correction of thiamineless Arabidopsis thaliana Nature 1974; 249: 17-21.
17. Benoit J, Leroy P, Vendreley C. Modifications de caractères raciaux du canard Pékin par l'acide désoxyribonucléique de canard khaki Campbell et leur transmission à la descendence. Biochem Pharmacol 1960; 4: 181-194.
18. Slotová J, Karpfel Z. Comparison of the effects of radiation and deoxyribonucleic acids on the mitosis in roots of Vicia faba Biol Plant (Praha) 1968; 8: 10-19.
19. Slotová J, Karpfel Z. The influence of exogenous DNA of different origin on the mitosis and chromosomes of irradiated meristematic cells of Vicia faba Biol Plant (Praha) 1968; 10: 190-198.
20. Slotová J, Karpfel Z. Influence of exogenous DNA on ypenyl-treated chromosomes of Vicia faba L. Biol Plant (Praha) 1969; 10: 216-225.
21. Fahmy OG, Fahmy MJ. Induction of mutations by DNA in Drosophila melanogaster Nature 1961; 191: 776-779.
22. Gahan PB, Wyndaele R, Mantell SH, Baggetti B. Evidence that direct DNA uptake through cut shoots leads to genetic transformation of Solanum aviculare Forst. Cell Biochem Funct 2003; 21: 11-17.
23. Fox AS, Yoon SB. DNA-induced transformation in Drosophila: locus-specificity and the establishment of transferred stocks. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1970; 67: 1608-1615.
24. Fox AS, Yoon SB, Duggleby WF, Gelbart WM. Genetic transformation in Drosophila. In Informative molecules in biological systems. Ledoux LGH (ed.). North Holland Publishing Company: Amsterdam, 1971; 313-333.
25. Nawa S, Yamada M-A. Hereditary changes in Ephestia after treatment with DNA. Genetics 1968; 58: 573-584.
26. Hess D. Versuche zur Transformation an höheren Pflanzen: Wiederholung der Anthocyan-Induktion bei Petunia und erste Charakterisierung des transformierenden Prinzips. Zeit Pflanzenphysiol 1969; 61: 286-298.
27. Senaratna T, McKersie BD, Kashsa KJ, Procunier JD. Direct DNA uptake during the imbibition of dry cells. Plant Sci 1991; 79, 223-228.
28. Ottolenghi E, Hotchkiss RD. Appearance of genetic transforming activity in pneumococcal cultures. Science 1960; 132: 1257-1259.
29. Ottolenghi E, Hotchkiss RD. Release of genetic transforming agent from pneumococcal cultures during growth and disintegration. J Exp Med 1962; 116: 491-519.
30. Borenstein S, Ephrati-Elizur E. Spontaneous release of DNA in sequential genetic order by Bacillus subtilis. J Mol Biol 1969; 45: 137-145.
31. Stroun M. The natural release of nucleic acids from bacteria into plant cells and the transcription of host cell DNA. FEBS Lett 1970; 8: 349-352.
32. Herdman M, Carr NG. Recombination in Anacystis nidulans mediated by extracellular DNA/RNA complex. J Gen Microbiol 1971; 68: 16-20.
33. Herdman M. Mutations arising during transformation in the blue-green alga, Anacystis nidulans Mol Gen Genet 1973; 120: 369-378.
34. Ledoux LGH. (ed.). Informative Molecules in Biological Systems. North-Holland Publishing House: Amsterdam, 1972.
35. Anker P, Stroun M, Maurice P. Spontaneous release of DNA by human blood lymphocytes as shown in an in vitro system. Cancer Res 1975; 35: 2375-2382.
36. Anker P, Stroun M, Maurice PA. Spontaneous extracellular synthesis of DNA released by human blood lynmphocytes. Cancer Res 1976; 36: 2832-2839.
37. Adams DH, Gahan PB. Stimulated and non-stimulated rat spleen cells release different DNA-complexes. Differentiation 1982; 22: 47-52.
38. Adams DH, Gahan PB. The DNA extruded by rat spleen cells in culture. Int J Biochem 1983; 15: 547-552.
39. Adams DH, McIntosh AAG. Studies on the cytosolic DNA of chick embryo fibroblasts and its uptake by recipient cultured cells. Int J Biochem 1985; 17: 1041-1051.
40. Adams DH, Diaz N, Gahan PB. In vitro stimulation by tumour cell media of [3H]thymidine incorporation by mouse spleen lymphocytes. Cell Biochem Funct 1997; 15: 119-126.
41. Adams DH, McIntosh AAG. The cytosol origin of macromolecules extruded by chick embryo fibroblast cells. Int J Biochem 1984; 16: 721-726.
42. Challen C, Adams DH. Further studies on the size and composition of chick embryo fibroblast cytosolic DNA complex. Int J Biochem 1986; 18: 423-429.
43. Challen C, Adams DH. The assembly of the DNA complex present in the chick embryo cytosol. Int J Biochem 1987; 19: 235-243.
44. Stroun M, Anker P. Nucleic acids spontaneously released from living frog auricles. Biochem J 1972; 128: 100-102P.
45. Anker P, Stroun M. Spontaneous release of newly synthesised DNA from frog auricles. Arch Sci Genève 1977; 30: 230-241.
46. Stroun M, Anker P, Gahan PB, Henri J. Spontaneous release of newly synthesised DNA from frog auricles. Arch Sci Genève 1977; 30: 229-242.
47. Stroun M, Anker P. In vitro synthesis of DNA spontaneously released by bacteria and frog auricles. Biochimie 1972; 54: 1443-1452.
48. Khandjian EW, Turian G. Release of DNA/RNA protein complex during differentiation of the water mould Allomyces 41, arbusclua Cell Differen 1976; 5: 171-188.
49. Sarma DSR, Zubroff J. Synthesis and fragmentation of DNA in phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Immunol Commun 1973; 2: 277-285.
50. Rogers JC, Boldt D, Kornfeld S, Skinner A, Valeri CR. Excretion of deoxyribonucleic acid by lymphocytes stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin or antigen. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1972; 69: 1685-1689.
51. Rogers JC. Characterization of DNA excreted from phytohemagglutinin- stimulated lymphocytes. J Exp Med 1976; 142: 1249-1254.
52. Boldt DH, MacDermott RP, Speckart SF, Nash GS. Excretion of DNA by purified human lymphocyte subpopulations. J Immunol 1977; 118: 1495-1498.
53. Hoessli DC, Jones AP, Eisenstadt JM, Waksman BH. Studies on DNA release by cultured rat lymphoblasts. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 1977; 54: 517-528.
54. Olsen I, Harris G. Uptake and release of DNA by lymphoid tissue and cells. Immunology 1974; 27: 973-987.
55. Reid BL, Blackwell PM. Studies of nuclear movements pseudopodia and microextensions of cultured thymus cells. Aust J Med Tech 1970; 2: 44.
56. Reid BL, Blackwell PM. Nuclear extensions -1450. cultured cells: a possible mechanism of cellular differentiation. In Informative Molecules in Biological Systems, Ledoux LGH (ed.). North-Holland Publishing Company: Amsterdam, 1971; 285-2301.
57. Kolodny GM. Evidence for transfer of macromolecular RNA between mammalian cells in culture. Exp Cell Res 1971; 65: 313-324.
58. Kolodny GM. Cell to cell transfer of RNA into transformed cells. J Cell Physiol 1972; 79: 147.
59. Kolodny GM, Culp LA, Rosenthal LJ. Secretion of RNA by normal and transformed cells. Exp Cell Res 1972; 73: 65-672.
60. Kolodny GM. Evidence for en bloc incorporation of exogenous oligonucleotides into HeLa cell RNA. Nucleic Acid Res 1977; 4: 271-284.
61. Bhargava PM, Shanmugam G. Uptake of nonviral nucleic acids by mammalian cells. Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol 1971; 11: 103-192.
62. Gottlieb AA. Lymphoid cell RNA's and immunity. Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol 1973; 13: 409-465.
63. Mroczkowski B, Dym HP, Siegel EJ, Heywood SM. Uptake and utilization of mRNA by myogenic cells in culture. J Cell Biol 1980; 87: 65-71.
64. Anker P, Stroun M. Spontaneous release of nucleic acids by living bacteria and cells of higher organisms. In Abstract 8th Int Cong Cell Biol Sussex University Press: Brighton, 1972; p3.
65. Stroun M, Anker P, Beljanski M, et al. Presence of RNA in the nucleoprotein complex spontaneously released by human lymphocytes and frog auricles in culture. Cancer Res 1978; 38: 3546-3554.
66. Heller P, Bhoopalam N, Cabana V, Costea N, Yakulis V. The role of RNA in the immunological deficiency of plasmacytoma. Ann NY Acad Sci 1973; 207: 468-480.
67. Wieczorek AJ. Proteoglycolipid from melanoblastoma serum transforms human bone-marrow reticulum cells. Yale J Biol 1984; 57: 432A.
68. Wieczorek AJ, Sitaramam V, Machleidt W, Rhyner K, Perruchoud AP, BlockLH. H. Diagnostic and prognostic value of RNA-proteolipid in sera of patients with malignant disorders following therapy: first clinical evaluation of a novel tumor marker. Cancer Res 1987; 47: 6407-6412.
69. Grainger RM, Wessels NK. Does RNA pass from mesenchyme to epithelium during an embryonic tissue interaction? Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1974; 71: 4747-4751.
70. Bendich A, Borenfreund E, Honda Y. DNA-induced heritable alteration of mammalian cells. In Informative Molecules in Biology, Ledoux LGH (ed.). North-Holland Publishing Company: Amsterdam, 1971; 80-87.
71. Ochman H, Lawrence JG, Groisman EA. Lateral gene transfer and the nature of bacterial innovation. Nature 2000; 405: 299-304.
72. DunningHotopp JC, Clark ME, Oliviera DCSG, et al. Widespread lateral gene transfer from intracellular bacteria to multicellular eukaryotes. Science 2007; 317: 1753-1756.
73. Andersson JO. Lateral gene transfer in eukaryotes. Cell Mol Sci Life Sci 2005; 62: 1182-1197.
74. Richards TA, Soanes DM, Foster PG, Leonard G, Thornton CR, Talbot NJ. Phylogenomic analysis demonstrates a pattern of rare and ancient horizontal gene transfer between plants and fungi. Plant Cell 2009; 21: 1897-1911.
75. Chang CP, Chia RH, Wu TL, Tsao KC, Sun CF, Wu JT. Elevated cell-free serum DNA detected in patients with myocardial infarction. Clin Chem Acta 2002; 327: 95-101.
76. Tamkovich SN, Bryzgunova OE, Rykova EY, Permakova V, Vlassov VV, Laktionov PP. Circulating nucleic acids in blood of healthy male and female donors. Clin Chem 2005; 51: 1317-1319.
77. Wu TL, Zhang D, Chia JH, Tsao KH, Sun CF, Wu JT. Cell- free DNA: measurement in various carcinomas and establishment of normal reference range. Clin Chim Acta 2002; 321: 77-87.
78. Rykova EY, Bryzgunova OE, Skvortsova TE, et al. Concentrations of circulating RNA from healthy donors and cancer patients. Ann NY Acad Sci 2006; 1075: 328-333.
79. Holford NC, Ramoutar A, Butt AN, Swaminathan R. Normalization of circulating nucleic acid results. Should we use ß-actin? Ann NY Acad Sci 2008; 1137: 112-118.
80. Gahan PB, Stroun M. The biology of circulating nucleic acids in plasma and serum. In Extracellular Nucleic Acids, Rykova EY Kikuchi Y (eds). In Series "Nucleic Acids and Molecular Biology" Springer Berlin 2010; 167-189 (in press).
81. Anker P, Jaschertz D, Stroun M, et al. The role of extra-cellular DNA in the transfer of information from T to B human lymphocytes in the course of an immune response. J Immunognet 1980; 6: 475-481.
82. Anker P, Jaschertz D, Maurice PA, Stroun M. Nude mice injected with DNA released by antigen stimulated human T lymphocytes produce specific antibodies expressing human characteristics. Cell Biochem Funct 1984; 1: 33-37.
83. Anker P, Lyautey J, Lefort F, Lederrey C, Stroun M. Transformation de cellules NIH/3T3 et cellules SW 480 porteuses d'un mutation K-ras. CR Acad Sci de la vie 1994; 317: 869-874.
84. Garcia-Olmo DC, Ruiz-Piueras R, Garcia-Olmo D. Circulating nucleic acids in plasma and serum (CNAPS) and its relation to stem cells and cancer, metastasis: state of the issue. Histol Histopathol 2004; 19: 575-583.
85. Garcia-Olmo DC, Dominguez C, Garcia-Arranz M, et al. Cell-free nucleic acids circulating in the plasma of colorectal cancer patients induce the oncogenic transformation of susceptible cultured cells. Cancer Res 2010; 70: 560-567.
86. Ceriotti G. A microchemical determination of deoxyribonucleic acid. J Biol Chem 1952; 198: 297-302.
87. Cerotti G. Determination of nucleic acids in animal tissues. J Biol Chem 1955; 214: 59-70.
88. Giles KW, Myers A. An improved diphenylamine method for the estimation of DNA. Nature 1965; 206: 93.
89. Lowry OH, Roseborough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein measurement in the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 1951; 193: 265-275.
90. Harada F, Dahlberg JE. Specific cleavage of tRNA by nuclease S1. Nucleic Acids Res 1975; 2: 865-871.
91. Davidson JN. The Biochemistry of the Nucleic Acids. Methuen & Co Ltd: London, 1959.
92. Schmidt G, Tannhauser J. A method for the determination of deoxyribonucleic acid and phosphoproteins in animal tissues. J Biol Chem 1945; 161: 83-89.
93. Stroun M, Anker P, Maurice P, Gahan PB. Circulating nucleic acids in higher organisms. Int Rev Cytol 1977; 51: 1-48.
94. McIntosh AAG, Adams DH. Further studies on the extrusion of cytosol macromolecules by cultured chick embryo fibroblast cells. Internat J Biochem 1985; 17: 147-153.
95. Stroun M, Charles P, Anker P, Pelc SR. Metabolic DNA in heart and skeletal muscle and in the intestine of mouse. Nature 1967; 216; 716-717.
96. Anker P, Stroun M. Spontaneous extracellular synthesis of DNA released by frog auricles. Arch Sci Genève 1977; 30: 263-278.
97. Anker P, Stroun M. Bacteral ribonucleic acid in the frog brain after a bacterial peritoneal infection. Science 1972; 178: 621-623.
98. Stroun M, Anker P, Gahan PB, Rossier A, Greppin H. Agrobacterium tumefaciens ribonucleic acid synthesis in tomato cells and crown gall induction. J Bacteriol 1971; 106: 634-639.
99. Stroun M, Gahan PB, Sarid S. Agrobacterium tumefaciens RNA in non-tumerous tomato cells. Biochem Biophys Acta 1969; 37: 652-657.
100. Stroun M. On the nature of the polymerase responsible for the transcription of released bacterial DNA in plants. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1971; 44: 571-578.
101. Strydom C, Robinson C, Pretorius E, Whitcutt JM, Marx J, Bornman MS. The effect of selected metals on the central metabolic pathways in biology: a review. Water SA 2006; 32: 543-554.
102. Gahan PB, Anker P, Stroun M. Metabolic DNA as the origin of spontaneously released DNA. Ann NY Acad Sci 2008; 1137: 7-17.
103. Pelc SR, Gahan PB. Incorporation of labelled thymidine in the seminal vesicle of the mouse. Nature 1959; 183: 335-336.
104. Pelc SR. Incorporation of labelled precursors of DNA in non-dividing cells. In Cell Proliferation, Lamerton LF Fry RJM (eds). Blackwell Scientific Publication: Oxford, 1963; 94-102.
105. Pelc SR. Turnover of DNA and function. Nature (Lond) 1968; 219: 162-163.
106. Pelc SR. Biological implications of DNA turnover in higher organisms. Acta Histochem 1968; Suppl 8: 441-452.
107. Pelc SR. Metabolic DNA in ciliated protozoa, salivary gland chromosomes and mammalian cells. Int Rev Cytol 1971; 32: 327-355.
108. Hurst PR, Gahan PB. Turnover of DNA in ageing tissues of Lycopersicon esculentum Ann Bot 1975; 39: 71-76.
109. Anker P, et al. Etudes exṕerimentales sur la synthèse de DNA mètabolique chez les spérmatozoids. Monit Ostretico-Ginecol Endocrinol Metabol 1971; XLII: 405-408.
110. La Cour LF, Deeley EM, Chayen J. Variations in the amount of Feulgen stain in nuclei of plants grown at different temperatures. Nature (Lond) 1956; 177: 272-273.
111. Viola-Magni MP, Changes in the DNA content of adrenal medulla nuclei of rats intermittently exposed to cold. J Cell Biol 1965; 25: 415-433.
112. Bibbiani C, Tongiani R, Viola-Magni MP. Quantitative determination of DNA per nucleus by interference microscopy. J Cell Biol 1969; 42: 444-451.
113. Anker P, Stroun M, Greppin H, Fredj M. Metabolic DNA in spinach stems in connection with ageing. Nature 1971; 234: 184-186.
114. Samson M, Katoh A, Hotta Y, Stern H. Metabolically labile deoxyribonucleic acid. Biochemistry 1963; 50: 452-463.
115. Samson M, Davies DD. Synthesis of a metabolically labile DNA in the maturing root cells of Vicia faba Exp Cell Res 1966; 43: 669-673.
116. Stroun M, Charles P, Anker P, Pelc SR. Metabolic DNA in heart and skeletal muscle and in the intestine of frog. Nature 1967; 216: 716-717.
117. Belokhvostov A. The possible mechanism of DNA release by live cells. Clin Chem 2005; 51: No 10, O1.
118. Morozkin S, Babochkina TI, Vlassov VV, Laktionov PP. The effect of protein transport inhibiters on the production of extracellular DNA. Ann NY Acad Sci 2008; 1137: 31-35.
119. Basner-Tschakarjan E, Mirmihammadsadegh A, Baer A, Hengge UR. Uptake and trafficking of DNA in keratinocytes: evidence for DNA-binding proteins. Gene Therapy 2004; 11: 765-774.
120. Trombone APF, Silva CL, Lima KM, et al. Endocytosis of DNA-Hsp65 alters the pH of late endosomes/lysosomes and interferes with antigen presentation. PLoS ONE 2007; 2(9): e923. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.000923.
121. Stroun M, Anker P, Maurice P, Lyautey J, Lederrey C, Beljanski M. Neoplastic characteristics of the DNA found in the plasma of cancer patients. Oncology 1989; 46: 318-322.
122. Vasioukhin V, Anker P, Maurice P, Lyautey J, Lederrey C, Stroun M. Point mutations of the N-ras gene in the blood plasma DNA of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myelogenic leukemia. Brit J Haematol 1994; 86: 774-779.
123. Mulcahy HE, Lyautey J, Lederrey C, et al. A prospective study of K-ras mutations in the plasma of pancreatic cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res 1998; 4: 271-275.
124. Anker P, Mulcahy H, Stroun M. Circulating nucleic acids in plasma and serum as a noninvasive investigation for cancer: time for large-scale clinical studies? Int J Cancer 2003; 103: 149-152.
125. Stroun M, Anker P. Circulating DNA in higher organisms, cancer detection brings back to life an ignored phenomenon. Cell Mol Biol 2005; 51: 767-774.
126. Ermakov AV, Kostyuk SV, Konkova MS, Egolina NA, Malinovskaya EM, Veiko NN. Extracellular DNA fragments. Factors of signaling between x-irradiated and nonirradiated human lymphocytes. Ann NY Acad Sci 2008; 1137: 41-46.
127. Bulicheva N, Fidelina O, Mkrtumova N, et al. Effect of cell-free DNA of patients with cardiomyopathy and rDNA on the frequency of contraction of electrically paced neonatal rat ventricular myocytes in culture. Ann NY Acad Sci 2008; 1137: 273-277.
128. Skog J, Würdinger T, van Rijn S, et al. Glioblastoma microvesicles transport RNA and proteins that promote tumour growth and provide diagnostic biomarkers. Nature Cell Biol 2008; 10: 1470-1476.
129. Alekseeva AYu, Bulycheva NV, Kostyuk SV, Smirnova TD, Veiko NN. Cell free DNA (cfDNA) influences nitric oxide and ros levels in human endothelial cells. In Circulating Nucleic Acids in Plasma and Serum, Gahan PB (ed.). Springer: Berlin, 2010; 121-225.
130. Cherepanova AV, Bushuev AV, Vlassov VV, Laktionov PP. Cell-surface-bound DNA inhibits poly(I:C)-activated IL-6 and IL-8 production in human primary endothelial cells and fibroblasts. In Circulating Nucleic Acids in Plasma and Serum, Gahan PB (ed.). Springer: Berlin, 2010; 209-213.
131. Efremova LV, Kostyuk SV, Khaspekov LG, Veiko NN. Accumulating fragments of extracellular DNA (ecDNA) influence rat primary cerebellum granule cell culture. In Circulating Nucleic Acids in Plasma and Serum, Gahan PB (ed.). Springer: Berlin, 2010; 215-220.
132. Malinovskaya EM, Kostyuk SV, Ermakov AV, et al. Fragments of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) enhance transcription activity in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and inhibit their in vitro differentiation. In Circulating Nucleic Acids in Plasma and Serum, Gahan PB (ed.). Springer: Berlin, 2010; 201-207.
133. Semenov DV, Stepanov GA, Baryakin DN, Koval OA, Kuligina EV, Richter VA. Extracellular RNA as regulators of cellular processes. In Gahan PB (ed.). Circulating Nucleic Acids in Plasma and Serum, Springer: Berlin, 2010; 235-239.
134. García-Olmo D, García-Olmo DC, Ontañón J, Martínez E, Vallejo M. Tumor DNA circulating in the plasma might play a role in metastasis. The hypothesis of genometastasis. Histol Histopathol 1999; 14: 1159-1164.
135. García-Olmo D, García-Olmo DC, Ontañón J, Martínez E. Horizontal transfer of DNA and the "genometastasis hypothesis". Blood 2000; 95: 724-725.
136. Serrano-Heras G, García-Olmo D, García-Olmo DC. Microvesicles circulating in plasma of rats contain DNA. Are these small vesicles a main source of cell-free DNA in plasma? In Gahan PB (ed.). Circulating Nucleic Acids in Plasma and Serum, Springer: Berlin, 2010; 241-246.