Polymer composite and nanocomposite dielectric materials for pulse power energy storage

Materials

Volumn 2, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 1697-1733

  Barber, Peter ^a   Balasubramanian, Shiva ^a   Anguchamy, Yogesh ^a   Gong, Shushan ^a   Wibowo, Arief ^a   Gao, Hongsheng ^a   Ploehn, Harry J ^a   Loye, Hans Conrad Zur ^a  

^a University of South Carolina   (United States)

Author keywords

Barium titanate; Calcium copper titanate; Composites; Dielectric; Dielectric breakdown strength; Energy density; Lanthanum strontium nickelate; Nanocomposite; Polymer; Surface modification; Titania

Indexed keywords

CALCIUM COPPER TITANATES; DIELECTRIC BREAKDOWN STRENGTH; ENERGY DENSITY; NICKELATES; TITANIA;

BARIUM TITANATE; COMPOSITE MATERIALS; DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS; ELECTRIC BREAKDOWN; ENERGY STORAGE; FILLERS; NANOCOMPOSITES; PERMITTIVITY; POLYMERS; SURFACE TREATMENT;

DIELECTRIC MATERIALS;

EID: 78650399204     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19961944     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/ma2041697     Document Type: Article

References (96)

1. Nalwa, H. Handbook of Low and High Dielectric Constant Materials and Their Applications; Academic Press: London, UK, 1999.
2. Osaka, T.; Datta, M. Energy Storage Systems for Electronics; Gordon and Breach: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2001.
3. Brosseau, C. Modellilng and simulation of dielectric heterostructures: A physical survey from an historical perspective. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 2006, 39, 1277-1294.
4. Myroshnychenko, V.; Brosseau, C. Finite-element modeling method for the prediciton of the complex effective permittivity of two-phase random statistically isotropic heterostructures. J. Appl. Phys. 2005, 97, 044101.
5. Rao, Y.; Qu, J.; Marinis, T.; Wong, C.P. A precise numerical prediction of the effective dielectric constant for polymer-ceramic composite based on effective-medium theory. IEEE Trans. Comp. Pack. Tech. 2000, 23, 680-683.
6. Ying, K.L.; Hsieh, T.E. Sintering behaviors and dielectric properties of nanocrystalline barium titanate. Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Sol. St. Mater. Adv. Technol. 2007, 138, 241-245.
7. Yoon, D.-H.; Zhang, J.; Lee, B.I. Dielectric constant and mixing model of barium titanate composite thick films. Mater. Res. Bull. 2003, 38, 765-772.
8. Rao, Y.; Wong, C.P. Material characterization of a high-dielectric constant polymer-ceramic composite for embedded capacitor for RF applications. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2004, 92, 2228-2231.
9. Todd, M.G.; Shi, F.G. Complex permittivity of composite systems: A comprehensive interphase approach. IEEE Dielect. El. In. 2005, 12, 601-611.
10. Vo, H.T.; Shi, F.G. Towards model-based engineering of optoelectronic packaging materials: Dielectric constant modeling. Microelectronics 2002, 33, 409-415.
11. Murugaraj, P.; Mainwaring, D.; Mora-Huertas, N. Dielectric enhancement of polymernanoparticle through interphase polarizability. J. App. Phy. 2005, 98, 054304.
12. Tuncer, E. Signs of low frequency dispersions in disordered binary dielectric mixtures (50-50). J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 2004, 37, 334-342.
13. Tuncer, E.; Nettelblad, B.; Gubanski, S.M. Non-Debye relaxation of binary dielectric mixtures (50-50): Randomness and regularity in mixture topology. J. Appl. Phys. 2002, 92, 4612-4624.
14. Lewis, T.J. Interfaces are the dominant feature of dielectrics at the nanometric level. IEEE Dielect. El. In. 2004, 11, 739-753.
15. Lewis, T.J. Interfaces: Nanometric dielectrics. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 2005, 38, 202-212.
16. Sun, Y.; Zhang, Z.; Wong, C.P. Influence of interphase and moisture on the dielectric spectroscopy of epoxy/silica composites. Polymer 2005, 46, 2297-2305.
17. Tanaka, T.; Kozaka, M.; Fuse, N.; Ohki, Y. Proposal of a multi-core model for polymer nanocomposite dielectrics. IEEE Dielect. El. In. 2005, 12, 669-681.
18. Tuncer, E.; Rondinone, A.J.; Woodward, J.; Sauers, I.; James, D.R.; Ellis, A.R. Cobalt iron-oxide nanoparticle modified poly(methyl methacrylate) nanodielectrics. Appl. Phys. A 2009, 94, 843-852.
19. Raju, G.G. Dielectrics in Electric Field; Marcel Dekker Inc.: New York, NY, USA, 2003.
20. Vorob'ev, A.A. Excitation and electrical breakdown of solid insulators. Russ. Phys. J. 1980, 23, 382-386.
21. Bunget, I.; Popescu, M. Physics of Solid Dielectrics; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1984; Vol. 19.
22. Kuffel, E.; Zaengl, W.S. High Voltage Engineering Fundamental; Pergamon: New York, NY, USA, 1984.
23. Artbauer, J. Electric strength of polymers. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 1996, 29, 446-456.
24. Sabuni, M.H.; Nelson, J.K. The effects of plasticizer on the electric strength of polystyrene. J. Mater. Sci. 1979, 14, 2791-2796.
25. Wiacek, K.J. Synthesis and Electrical Properties of Fluorenyl Polyesters Incorporating Diamond Fragments. MS Thesis, Wright State University: Dayton, OH, USA, 2007.
26. Hosier, I.L.; Vaughan, A.S.; Swingler, S.G. The effects of measuring techniques and sample preparation on the breakdown strength of polyethylene. IEEE Dielect. El. In. 2002, 9, 353-361.
27. Schneuwly, A.; Groning, P.; Schlapbach, L.; Irrang, C.; Vogt, J. Breakdown behavior of oilimpregnated polyproplyene as dielectric in film capacitors. IEEE Dielect. El. In. 1998, 5, 862-868.
28. Job, A.E.; Alves, N.; Zanin, M.; Ueki, M.M.; Mattoso, L.H.; Teruya, M.Y.; Giacometti, J.A. Increasing the dielectric breakdown strength of poly(ethylene terephthalate) films using a coated polyaniline layer. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 2003, 36, 1414-1417.
29. Zakrevski, V.A.; Sudar, N.T.; Zappo, A.; Dubitsky, Y.A. Mechanism of electrical degradation and breakdown of insulating polymers. J. Appl. Phys. 2003, 93, 2135-2139.
30. Ieda, M. Dielectric breakdown process of polymers. IEEE Electr. Insul. 1980, 15, 206-224.
31. Shen, Y.; Lin, Y.; Li, M.; Nan, C.W. High dielectric performance of polymer composite films induced by a percolating interparticle barrier layer. Adv. Mater. 2007, 19, 1418-1422.
32. Chen, G.; Davies, A.E. The influence of defects on the short-term breakdown characteristics and long-term dc performance of LDPE insulation. IEEE Dielect. El. In. 2000, 7, 401-407.
33. Lewis, T.J. Nanometric dielectrics. IEEE Dielect. El. In. 1994, 1, 812-825.
34. Tanaka, T.; Montanari, G.C.; Mulhaupt, R. Polymer nanocomposites as dielectrics and electrical insulation-perspectives for processing technologies, material characterization, and future applications. IEEE Dielect. El. In. 2004, 11, 763-784.
35. Ma, D.; Hugener, T.A.; Siegel, R.W.; Christerson, A.; Martensson, E.; Onneby, C.; Schadler, L. Influence of nanoparticle surface modification on the electrical behavior of polyethylene nanocomposites. Nanotechnology 2005, 16, 724-731.
36. Montanari, G.C.; Fabiani, D.; Palmieri, F.; Kaempfer, D.; Thomann, R.; Mulhaupt, R. Modification of electrical properties and perfomance of EVA and PP insulation through nanostructure by organophillic silicates. IEEE Dielect. El. In. 2004, 11, 754-762.
37. Smith, R.C.; Liang, C.; Landry, M.; Nelson, J.K.; Schadler, L.S. The mechanisms leading to the useful electrical properties of polmyer nanodielectrics. IEEE Dielect. El. In. 2008, 15, 187-196.
38. Kim, P.J.; Simon, C.; Hotchkiss, P.J.; Joshua, N.; Kippelen, B.; Marder, S.R.; Perry, J.W. Phosphonic acid-modified barium titanate polymer nanocomposites with high permittivity and dielectric strength. Adv. Mater. 2007, 19, 1001-1005.
39. Li, J.; Claude, J.; Norena-Franco, L.E.; Seok, S.I.; Wang, Q. Electrical energy storage in ferroelectric polymer nanocomposites containing surface-functionalized BaTiO3 nanoparticles. Chem. Mater. 2008, 20, 6304-6306.
40. Roy, M.; Nelson, J.K.; MacCrone, R.K.; Schadler, L.S. Candidate mechanisms controlling the electrical characteristics of silica/XLPE nanodielectrics. J. Mater. Sci. 2007, 42, 3789-3799.
41. Nelson, W. Applied Life Data Analysis; Wiley: New York, NY, USA, 1981.
42. Tuncer, E.; James, D.R.; Sauers, I.; Ellis, A.R.; Pace, M.O. On dielectric breakdown statistics. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 2006, 39, 4257-4268.
43. Laihonen, S.J.; Gafvert, U.; Schutte, T.; Gedde, U.W. Breakdown strength of polypropylene films: Area dependence and statistical behavior. IEEE Dielect. El. In. 2007, 14, 275-286.
44. Fothergill, J.C. Estimating the cumulative probability of failure data points to be plotted on Weibull and other probability paper. IEEE Dielect. El. In. 1990, 25, 489-492.
45. Jackson, W.; Reddish, W. High permittivity crystalline aggregates. Nature 1945, 156, 717.
46. 3 Phys. Rev. 1961, 124, 1354-1359.
47. th IEEE Int. Symp. Appl. Ferroelectrics, Piscataway, NJ, USA, August 7-10, 1994.
48. Hennings, D.; Rosenstein, G. Temperature stable dielectrics based on chemically inhomogeneous barium titanate. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 1984, 67, 249-254.
49. Swartz, S.L. Topics in electronic ceramics. IEEE Dielect. El. In. 1990, 25, 935-987.
50. Buessem, W.R.; Cross, L.E.; Goswami, A.K. Effect of Two-Dimensional Pressure on the Permittivity of Fine- and Coarse-Grained Barium Titanate. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 1992, 75, 2926-2929.
51. Ihlefeld, J.; Laughlin, B.; Hunt-Lowery, A.; Borland, W.; Kingon, A.; Maria, J.-P. Copper compatible barium titanate thin films for embedded passives. J. Electroceram. 2005, 14, 95-102.
52. Dang, Z.M. Novel ferroelectric polymer composites with high dielectric constants. Adv. Mater. 2003, 15, 1625-1629.
53. Pecharroman, C.; Esteban-Betegon, F.; Bartolome, J.F.; Lopes-Esteban, S.; Moya, J.S. New percolative BaTiO3-Ni composites with a high and frequency-independent dielectric constant. Adv. Mater. 2001, 13, 1541-1544.
54. Qi, L. High dielectric constant silver epoxy composites as embedded dielectrics. Adv. Mater 2005, 17, 1777-1781.
55. Ogitani, S. Factors influencing the permittivity of polymer/ceramic composites for embedded capacitors. IEEE Trans. Adv. Pack. 2000, 23, 313-322.
56. Cho, S.-D.; Paik, K.-W. Relationships between suspension formulations and the properties of BaTiO3/epoxy composite films for integral capacitors. In Proc. 51st IEEE Electronic Components and Technology, Orlando, FL, USA, 29 May - 1 June, 2001; p. 1418.
57. Ramesh, S.; Shutzberg, B.A.; Huang, C.; Gao, J.; Giannelis, E.P. Dielectric nanocomposites for integral thin films capacitors: Materials design, fabrication, and integration issues. IEEE Trans. Adv. Pack. 2003, 26, 17-24.
58. Lovinger, A.J. Ferroelectric polymers. Science 1983, 220, 1115-1121.
59. An, L.; Boggs, S.A.; Calame, J.P. Energy storage in polymer films with high dielectric constant fillers. IEEE Electr. Insul. M. 2008, 24, 5-10.
60. 2 nanoparticles exhibiting significantly enhanced electrical energy density. Adv. Mater. 2009, 21, 217-221.
61. Lunkenheimer, P.; Bobnar, V.; Pronin, A.V.; Ritus, A.I.; Volkov, A.A.; Loidl, A. Guoy-Chapman Diffuse Layer. Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Mater. 2002, 66, 052105.
62. Nelson, J.K.; Fothergill, J.C. Internal charge behavior of nanocomposites. Nanotechnology 2004, 15, 586-595.
63. Fujita, S.; Ruike, M.; Baba, M. In Annual Report of the Conf. on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, Piscataway, NJ, USA, 20-23 October 1996; p. 738.
64. Khalil, M.S. The role of barium titanate in modifying the dc breakdown strength of LDPE. IEEE Dielect. El. In. 2000, 7, 261-268.
65. Tuncer, E.; Sauers, I.; James, D.R.; Ellis, A.R.; Duckworth, R.C. Nanodielectric system for cryogenic applications: Barium titanate filled polyvinyl alcohol. IEEE Dielect. El. In. 2008, 15, 237-242.
66. Tuncer, E.; Sauers, I.; James, D.R.; Ellis, A.R.; Paranthaman, M.P.; Goyal, A.; Moore, K.L. Enhancement of dielectric strength in nanocomposites. Nanotechnology 2007, 18, 325704.
67. Cross, L.E. Relaxor ferroelectrics. Ferroelectrics 1987, 76, 241-267.
68. Kim, B.-G.; Cho, S.M.; Kim, T.-Y.; Jang, H.M. Giant dielectric permittivity observed in Pb-based perovskite ferroelectrics. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2001, 86, 3404-3406.
69. Edon, V.; Li, Z.; Hugon, M.-C.; Agius, B.; Krug, C.; Baumvol, I.J.R.; Durand, O.; Eypert, C. Electrical characteristics and interface structure of HfAlO/SiON/Si(001) stacks. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2007, 90, 122905.
70. Homes, C.C.; Vogt, T.; Shapiro, S.M.; Wakimoto, S.; Ramirez, A.P. Optical response of high dielectric constant perovskite related oxide. Science 2001, 293, 673-676.
71. 12 ceramics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2007, 91, 122905.
72. 3 nonferroelectric perovskite ceramics (A = Ba,Sr; B = Nb, Ta, Sb). J. Appl. Phys. 2003, 93, 4130-4136.
73. 3 ceramics over broad temperature and frequency range. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2007, 90, 022904.
74. Wu, J.B.; Nan, C.W.; Lin, Y.H.; Deng, Y. Giant dielectric permittivity observed in Li and Ti doped NiO. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2002, 89, 217601.
75. 12: A new route to the enhanced dielectric response. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2007, 99, 037602.
76. 12 ceramics prepared by polymerized complex method. Mater. Chem. Phys. 2008, 109, 262-270.
77. Ramirez, A.P.; Subramanian, M.A.; Gardel, M.; Li, D.; Vogt, T.; Shapiro, S.M. Giant dielectric constant response in a copper-titanate. Solid State Commun. 2000, 115, 217-220.
78. 12 phases. J. Solid State Chem. 2000, 151, 323-325.
79. Singh, R.; Ulrich, R.K. High and low dielectric constant materials. Electrochem. Soc. Interface 1999, 8, 26-30.
80. 12: One-step internal barrier layer capacitor. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2002, 80, 2153-2155.
81. Dang, Z.-M.; Zhou, T.; Yao, S.-H.; Yuan, J.-K.; Zha, J.-W.; Song, H.-T.; Li, J.-Y.; Chen, Q.; Yang, W.-T.; Bai, J. Advanced calcium copper titanate/polyimide functional hybrid films with high dielectric permittivity. Adv. Mater. 2009, 21, 2077-2082.
82. Prakash, B.S.; Varma, K.B.R. Dielectric behavior of CCTO/epoxy and Al-CCTO/epoxy composites. Comp. Sci. Tech. 2007, 67, 2363-2368.
83. Tuncer, E.; Sauers, I.; James, D.R.; Ellis, A.R.; Paranthaman, M.P.; Aytug, T.; Sathyamurthy, S.; Moore, K.L.; Li, J.; Goyal, A. Electrical properties of epoxy resin based nanocomposites. Nanotechnology 2007, 18, 025703.
84. Liu, X.Q.; Wu, Y.J.; Chen, X.M.; Zhu, H.Y. Temperature-stable giant dielectric response in orthorhombic samarium strontium nickelate ceramics. J. Appl Phys. 2009, 105, 0541041.
85. Krohns, S.; Lunkenheimer, P.; Kant, C.; Pronin, A.V.; Brom, H.B.; Nugroho, A.A.; Diantoro, M.; Loidl, A. Colossal dielectric constant up to gigahertz at room temperature. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2009, 94, 122903.
86. 4. Phys. Rev. B 2003, 67, 0145111.
87. 2. A density functional theory characterization. Phys. Rev. B 2007, 75, 1952121.
88. 4. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2008, 85, 6224-6226.
89. Huang, C.; Zhang, Q.M.; de Botton, G.; Bhattacharya, K. All-organic dielectric-percolative threecomponent composite materials with high electromechanical response. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2004, 84, 4391-4393.
90. Huang, C.; Zhang, Q.M.; Su, J. High-dielectric constant all-polymer percolative composites. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2003, 82, 3502-3504.
91. Nan, C.W. Physics of inhomogeneous inorganic materials. Prog. Mater. Sci. 1993, 37, 1-116.
92. Stauffer, D.; Aharony, A. Introduction to Percolation Theory; Taylor and Francis: London, UK, 1992.
93. McLachlan, D.S.; Heaney, M.B. Complex ac conductivity of a carbon black composite as a function of frequency, composition, and temperature. Phys. Rev. B 1999, 60, 12746-12751.
94. Wei, T.; Jin, C.Q.; Zhong, W.; Liu, J.-M. High permittivity polymer embedded with Co/ZnO core/shell nanoparticles modified by organophosphorous acid. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2007, 91, 222907.
95. Xu, J.; Wong, C.P. Low-loss peroclative dielectric composite. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2005, 87, 082907.
96. Barber, P.; Houghton, H.; Balasubramanian, S.; Anguchamy, Y.K.; Ploehn, H.J.; zur Loye, H.-C. New layered mixed metal phosphonates for high dielectric-polymer composite materials. Chem. Mater. 2009, 21, 1303-1310.