메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 74, Issue 2-3, 2010, Pages 331-345

Geographic variation in outcomes from severe traumatic brain injury

Author keywords

Epidemiology; Mortality; Outcomes; Traumatic brain injury

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; DEVELOPED COUNTRY; DEVELOPING COUNTRY; DISEASE SEVERITY; GEOGRAPHY; HUMAN; MORTALITY; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY; TREATMENT OUTCOME; UNITED STATES;

EID: 78650367806     PISSN: 18788750     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2010.03.025     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (26)

References (245)
  • 1
    • 0037033132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surveillance for traumatic brain injury deathsUnited States, 19891998
    • N. Adekoya, D.J. Thurman, D.D. White, and K.W. Webb Surveillance for traumatic brain injury deathsUnited States, 19891998 MMWR Surveill Summ 51 2002 1 14
    • (2002) MMWR Surveill Summ , vol.51 , pp. 1-14
    • Adekoya, N.1    Thurman, D.J.2    White, D.D.3    Webb, K.W.4
  • 2
    • 0023626732 scopus 로고
    • Outcome after severe head injury: Relationship to mass lesions, diffuse injury, and ICP course in pediatric and adult patients
    • A.M. Alberico, J.D. Ward, S.C. Choi, A. Marmarou, and H.F. Young Outcome after severe head injury Relationship to mass lesions, diffuse injury, and ICP course in pediatric and adult patients J Neurosurg 67 1987 648 656
    • (1987) J Neurosurg , vol.67 , pp. 648-656
    • Alberico, A.M.1    Ward, J.D.2    Choi, S.C.3    Marmarou, A.4    Young, H.F.5
  • 3
    • 0031984258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality prediction in head trauma patients: Performance of Glasgow Coma Score and general severity systems
    • M. Alvarez, J.M. Nava, M. Rue, and S. Quintana Mortality prediction in head trauma patients: performance of Glasgow Coma Score and general severity systems Crit Care Med 26 1998 142 148
    • (1998) Crit Care Med , vol.26 , pp. 142-148
    • Alvarez, M.1    Nava, J.M.2    Rue, M.3    Quintana, S.4
  • 4
    • 0021026576 scopus 로고
    • Findings from a major U.S. survey of persons hospitalized with head injuries
    • D.W. Anderson, J.D. Miller, and W.D. Kalsbeek Findings from a major U.S. survey of persons hospitalized with head injuries Public Health Rep 98 1983 475 478
    • (1983) Public Health Rep , vol.98 , pp. 475-478
    • Anderson, D.W.1    Miller, J.D.2    Kalsbeek, W.D.3
  • 5
    • 0036320447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting recovery in patients suffering from traumatic brain injury by using admission variables and physiological data: A comparison between decision tree analysis and logistic regression
    • P.J. Andrews, D.H. Sleeman, P.F. Statham, A. McQuatt, V. Corruble, P.A. Jones, T.P. Howells, and C.S. Macmillan Predicting recovery in patients suffering from traumatic brain injury by using admission variables and physiological data: a comparison between decision tree analysis and logistic regression J Neurosurg 97 2002 326 336
    • (2002) J Neurosurg , vol.97 , pp. 326-336
    • Andrews, P.J.1    Sleeman, D.H.2    Statham, P.F.3    McQuatt, A.4    Corruble, V.5    Jones, P.A.6    Howells, T.P.7    MacMillan, C.S.8
  • 6
    • 0018893104 scopus 로고
    • The incidence, causes, and secular trends of head trauma in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 19351974
    • J.F. Annegers, J.D. Grabow, L.T. Kurland, and E.R. Laws Jr The incidence, causes, and secular trends of head trauma in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 19351974 Neurology 30 1980 912 919
    • (1980) Neurology , vol.30 , pp. 912-919
    • Annegers, J.F.1    Grabow, J.D.2    Kurland, L.T.3    Laws Jr., E.R.4
  • 7
    • 0027601408 scopus 로고
    • Influence of basal cisterns, midline shift and pathology on outcome in head injury
    • S. Athiappan, N. Muthukumar, and U.S. Srinivasan Influence of basal cisterns, midline shift and pathology on outcome in head injury Ann Acad Med Singapore 22 1993 452 455
    • (1993) Ann Acad Med Singapore , vol.22 , pp. 452-455
    • Athiappan, S.1    Muthukumar, N.2    Srinivasan, U.S.3
  • 8
    • 0018339346 scopus 로고
    • Predicting outcome after severe head injurya computerassisted analysis of neurological symptoms and laboratory values
    • L. Auer, G. Gell, B. Richling, and R. Oberbauer Predicting outcome after severe head injurya computerassisted analysis of neurological symptoms and laboratory values Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 28 1979 171 173
    • (1979) Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) , vol.28 , pp. 171-173
    • Auer, L.1    Gell, G.2    Richling, B.3    Oberbauer, R.4
  • 9
    • 0034098372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longterm mortality trends in patients with traumatic brain injury
    • I. Baguley, S. SlewaYounan, R. Lazarus, and A. Green Longterm mortality trends in patients with traumatic brain injury Brain Inj 14 2000 505 512
    • (2000) Brain Inj , vol.14 , pp. 505-512
    • Baguley, I.1    Slewayounan, S.2    Lazarus, R.3    Green, A.4
  • 13
    • 0023178508 scopus 로고
    • The impact of advanced prehospital emergency care on the mortality of severely braininjured patients
    • W.G. Baxt, and P. Moody The impact of advanced prehospital emergency care on the mortality of severely braininjured patients J Trauma 27 1987 365 369
    • (1987) J Trauma , vol.27 , pp. 365-369
    • Baxt, W.G.1    Moody, P.2
  • 16
    • 0023775517 scopus 로고
    • The GlasgowLiege Scale: Prognostic value and evolution of motor response and brain stem reflexes after severe head injury
    • J.D. Born The GlasgowLiege Scale Prognostic value and evolution of motor response and brain stem reflexes after severe head injury Acta Neurochir (Wien) 91 1988 1 11
    • (1988) Acta Neurochir (Wien) , vol.91 , pp. 1-11
    • Born, J.D.1
  • 17
    • 0018837066 scopus 로고
    • Outcome in 200 consecutive cases of severe head injury treated in San Diego County: A prospective analysis
    • S.A. Bowers, and L.F. Marshall Outcome in 200 consecutive cases of severe head injury treated in San Diego County: a prospective analysis Neurosurgery 6 1980 237 242
    • (1980) Neurosurgery , vol.6 , pp. 237-242
    • Bowers, S.A.1    Marshall, L.F.2
  • 18
    • 0026691009 scopus 로고
    • Early prediction of outcome in severe head injury
    • R. Braakman Early prediction of outcome in severe head injury Acta Neurochir (Wien) 116 1992 161 163
    • (1992) Acta Neurochir (Wien) , vol.116 , pp. 161-163
    • Braakman, R.1
  • 19
    • 0018852537 scopus 로고
    • Systematic selection of prognostic features in patients with severe head injury
    • R. Braakman, G.J. Gelpke, J.D. Habbema, A.I. Maas, and J.M. Minderhoud Systematic selection of prognostic features in patients with severe head injury Neurosurgery 6 1980 362 370
    • (1980) Neurosurgery , vol.6 , pp. 362-370
    • Braakman, R.1    Gelpke, G.J.2    Habbema, J.D.3    Maas, A.I.4    Minderhoud, J.M.5
  • 20
    • 0034199290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain Trauma Foundation The American Association of Neurological Surgeons The Joint Section on Neurotrauma and Critical Care
    • Brain Trauma Foundation The American Association of Neurological Surgeons The Joint Section on Neurotrauma and Critical Care Age J Neurotrauma 17 2000 573 581
    • (2000) J Neurotrauma , vol.17 , pp. 573-581
  • 21
    • 0034198766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glasgow coma scale score
    • Brain Trauma Foundation The American Association of Neurological Surgeons The Joint Section on Neurotrauma and Critical Care
    • Brain Trauma Foundation The American Association of Neurological Surgeons The Joint Section on Neurotrauma and Critical Care Glasgow coma scale score J Neurotrauma 17 2000 563 571
    • (2000) J Neurotrauma , vol.17 , pp. 563-571
  • 24
    • 0017370481 scopus 로고
    • Head injuries 197273
    • L.A. Browne Head injuries 197273 Ir Med J 70 1977 197 200
    • (1977) Ir Med J , vol.70 , pp. 197-200
    • Browne, L.A.1
  • 25
    • 0026651243 scopus 로고
    • Does onscene resuscitation affect inhospital "do not resuscitate" decisions and mortality in patients with severe head injuries?
    • B. Buchmann, M.A. Kaufmann, D. Scheidegger, and O. Gratzl Does onscene resuscitation affect inhospital "do not resuscitate" decisions and mortality in patients with severe head injuries? J Trauma 32 1992 459 463
    • (1992) J Trauma , vol.32 , pp. 459-463
    • Buchmann, B.1    Kaufmann, M.A.2    Scheidegger, D.3    Gratzl, O.4
  • 28
    • 21244482443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are somatosensory evoked potentials the best predictor of outcome after severe brain injury?: A systematic review
    • B.G. Carter, and W. Butt Are somatosensory evoked potentials the best predictor of outcome after severe brain injury? A systematic review Intensive Care Med 31 2005 765 775
    • (2005) Intensive Care Med , vol.31 , pp. 765-775
    • Carter, B.G.1    Butt, W.2
  • 30
    • 0027746379 scopus 로고
    • Early and late systemic hypotension as a frequent and fundamental source of cerebral ischemia following severe brain injury in the Traumatic Coma Data Bank
    • R.M. Chesnut, S.B. Marshall, J. Piek, B.A. Blunt, M.R. Klauber, and L.F. Marshall Early and late systemic hypotension as a frequent and fundamental source of cerebral ischemia following severe brain injury in the Traumatic Coma Data Bank Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 59 1993 121 125
    • (1993) Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) , vol.59 , pp. 121-125
    • Chesnut, R.M.1    Marshall, S.B.2    Piek, J.3    Blunt, B.A.4    Klauber, M.R.5    Marshall, L.F.6
  • 31
    • 0031013313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the APACHE III, APACHE II and Glasgow Coma Scale in acute head injury for prediction of mortality and functional outcome
    • D.Y. Cho, and Y.C. Wang Comparison of the APACHE III, APACHE II and Glasgow Coma Scale in acute head injury for prediction of mortality and functional outcome Intensive Care Med 23 1997 77 84
    • (1997) Intensive Care Med , vol.23 , pp. 77-84
    • Cho, D.Y.1    Wang, Y.C.2
  • 34
    • 0023794976 scopus 로고
    • Enhanced specificity of prognosis in severe head injury
    • S.C. Choi, R.K. Narayan, R.L. Anderson, and J.D. Ward Enhanced specificity of prognosis in severe head injury J Neurosurg 69 1988 381 385
    • (1988) J Neurosurg , vol.69 , pp. 381-385
    • Choi, S.C.1    Narayan, R.K.2    Anderson, R.L.3    Ward, J.D.4
  • 35
    • 0020609827 scopus 로고
    • Chart for outcome prediction in severe head injury
    • S.C. Choi, J.D. Ward, and D.P. Becker Chart for outcome prediction in severe head injury J Neurosurg 59 1983 294 297
    • (1983) J Neurosurg , vol.59 , pp. 294-297
    • Choi, S.C.1    Ward, J.D.2    Becker, D.P.3
  • 36
    • 9744222773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction in mortality from severe head injury following introduction of a protocol for intensive care management
    • T.J. Clayton, R.J. Nelson, and A.R. Manara Reduction in mortality from severe head injury following introduction of a protocol for intensive care management Br J Anaesth 93 2004 761 767
    • (2004) Br J Anaesth , vol.93 , pp. 761-767
    • Clayton, T.J.1    Nelson, R.J.2    Manara, A.R.3
  • 38
    • 0018908569 scopus 로고
    • Neurological course and correlated computerized tomography findings after severe closed head injury
    • G.L. Clifton, R.G. Grossman, M.E. Makela, M.E. Miner, S. Handel, and V. Sadhu Neurological course and correlated computerized tomography findings after severe closed head injury J Neurosurg 52 1980 611 624
    • (1980) J Neurosurg , vol.52 , pp. 611-624
    • Clifton, G.L.1    Grossman, R.G.2    Makela, M.E.3    Miner, M.E.4    Handel, S.5    Sadhu, V.6
  • 40
  • 41
    • 0023945665 scopus 로고
    • Survival after brain injury: Cause of death, length of survival, and prognostic variables in a cohort of braininjured people
    • C. Conroy, and J.F. Kraus Survival after brain injury Cause of death, length of survival, and prognostic variables in a cohort of braininjured people Neuroepidemiology 7 1988 13 22
    • (1988) Neuroepidemiology , vol.7 , pp. 13-22
    • Conroy, C.1    Kraus, J.F.2
  • 44
    • 43149114455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does ICP monitoring make a difference in neurocritical care?
    • O.L. Cremer Does ICP monitoring make a difference in neurocritical care? Eur J Anaesthesiol Suppl 42 2008 87 93
    • (2008) Eur J Anaesthesiol Suppl , vol.42 , pp. 87-93
    • Cremer, O.L.1
  • 45
    • 26444552034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of intracranial pressure monitoring and targeted intensive care on functional outcome after severe head injury
    • O.L. Cremer, G.W. van Dijk, E. van Wensen, G.J. Brekelmans, K.G. Moons, L.P. Leenen, and C.J. Kalkman Effect of intracranial pressure monitoring and targeted intensive care on functional outcome after severe head injury Crit Care Med 33 2005 2207 2213
    • (2005) Crit Care Med , vol.33 , pp. 2207-2213
    • Cremer, O.L.1    Van Dijk, G.W.2    Van Wensen, E.3    Brekelmans, G.J.4    Moons, K.G.5    Leenen, L.P.6    Kalkman, C.J.7
  • 47
    • 4043176949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of hypoxia and hyperventilation on outcome after paramedic rapid sequence intubation of severely headinjured patients
    • D.P. Davis, J.V. Dunford, J.C. Poste, M. Ochs, T. Holbrook, D. Fortlage, M.J. Size, F. Kennedy, and D.B. Hoyt The impact of hypoxia and hyperventilation on outcome after paramedic rapid sequence intubation of severely headinjured patients J Trauma 57 2004 1 8 [discussion: 8-10]
    • (2004) J Trauma , vol.57 , pp. 1-8
    • Davis, D.P.1    Dunford, J.V.2    Poste, J.C.3    Ochs, M.4    Holbrook, T.5    Fortlage, D.6    Size, M.J.7    Kennedy, F.8    Hoyt, D.B.9
  • 48
    • 64349104266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patient outcome after traumatic brain injury in high, middle and lowincome countries: Analysis of data on 8927 patients in 46 countries
    • M.J. De Silva, I. Roberts, P. Perel, P. Edwards, M.G. Kenward, J. Fernandes, H. Shakur, and V. Patel Patient outcome after traumatic brain injury in high, middle and lowincome countries: analysis of data on 8927 patients in 46 countries Int J Epidemiol 38 2009 452 458
    • (2009) Int J Epidemiol , vol.38 , pp. 452-458
    • De Silva, M.J.1    Roberts, I.2    Perel, P.3    Edwards, P.4    Kenward, M.G.5    Fernandes, J.6    Shakur, H.7    Patel, V.8
  • 49
    • 3242719787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality prediction of head Abbreviated Injury Score and Glasgow Coma Scale: Analysis of 7,764 head injuries
    • D. Demetriades, E. Kuncir, J. Murray, G.C. Velmahos, P. Rhee, and L. Chan Mortality prediction of head Abbreviated Injury Score and Glasgow Coma Scale: analysis of 7,764 head injuries J Am Coll Surg 199 2004 216 222
    • (2004) J Am Coll Surg , vol.199 , pp. 216-222
    • Demetriades, D.1    Kuncir, E.2    Murray, J.3    Velmahos, G.C.4    Rhee, P.5    Chan, L.6
  • 50
    • 12344312094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Possible explanations for the results of CRASH
    • I.S. Douglas Possible explanations for the results of CRASH Lancet 365 2005 212 [author reply: 213-214]
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.365 , pp. 212
    • Douglas, I.S.1
  • 51
    • 0034047926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Head injury in the severely injured: Longterm followup in 157 patients
    • L.T. Dunn, M. Patterson, and D.A. Boot Head injury in the severely injured: longterm followup in 157 patients Br J Neurosurg 14 2000 219 224
    • (2000) Br J Neurosurg , vol.14 , pp. 219-224
    • Dunn, L.T.1    Patterson, M.2    Boot, D.A.3
  • 52
    • 0028896536 scopus 로고
    • Aggressive use of ICP monitoring is safe and alters patient care
    • V.A. Eddy, J.L. Vitsky, E.J. Rutherford, and J.A. Morris Jr Aggressive use of ICP monitoring is safe and alters patient care Am Surg 61 1995 24 29
    • (1995) Am Surg , vol.61 , pp. 24-29
    • Eddy, V.A.1    Vitsky, J.L.2    Rutherford, E.J.3    Morris Jr., J.A.4
  • 53
    • 0020629481 scopus 로고
    • Risk factors in traumatic head injury
    • T.H. Edna Risk factors in traumatic head injury Acta Neurochir (Wien) 69 1983 15 21
    • (1983) Acta Neurochir (Wien) , vol.69 , pp. 15-21
    • Edna, T.H.1
  • 54
    • 15244347342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of artificial neural network and logistic regression models for prediction of mortality in head trauma based on initial clinical data
    • B. Eftekhar, K. Mohammad, H.E. Ardebili, M. Ghodsi, and E. Ketabchi Comparison of artificial neural network and logistic regression models for prediction of mortality in head trauma based on initial clinical data BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 5 2005 3
    • (2005) BMC Med Inform Decis Mak , vol.5 , pp. 3
    • Eftekhar, B.1    Mohammad, K.2    Ardebili, H.E.3    Ghodsi, M.4    Ketabchi, E.5
  • 55
    • 0030839392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacoeconomic applications of metaanalysis for single groups using antifungal onychomycosis lacquers as an example
    • T.R. Einarson Pharmacoeconomic applications of metaanalysis for single groups using antifungal onychomycosis lacquers as an example Clin Ther 19 1997 559 569 [discussion: 538-559]
    • (1997) Clin Ther , vol.19 , pp. 559-569
    • Einarson, T.R.1
  • 56
    • 0033946175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced mortality after severe head injury will increase the demands for rehabilitation services
    • C. Eker, W. Schalen, B. Asgeirsson, P.O. Grande, J. Ranstam, and C.H. Nordstrom Reduced mortality after severe head injury will increase the demands for rehabilitation services Brain Inj 14 2000 605 619
    • (2000) Brain Inj , vol.14 , pp. 605-619
    • Eker, C.1    Schalen, W.2    Asgeirsson, B.3    Grande, P.O.4    Ranstam, J.5    Nordstrom, C.H.6
  • 58
    • 0036741220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome after traumatic brain injury improved by an organized secondary insult program and standardized neurointensive care
    • K. Elf, P. Nilsson, and P. Enblad Outcome after traumatic brain injury improved by an organized secondary insult program and standardized neurointensive care Crit Care Med 30 2002 2129 2134
    • (2002) Crit Care Med , vol.30 , pp. 2129-2134
    • Elf, K.1    Nilsson, P.2    Enblad, P.3
  • 59
    • 0035700528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Traumatic brain injury in Denmark 19791996: A national study of incidence and mortality
    • A.W. Engberg, and T.W. Teasdale Traumatic brain injury in Denmark 19791996 A national study of incidence and mortality Eur J Epidemiol 17 2001 437 442
    • (2001) Eur J Epidemiol , vol.17 , pp. 437-442
    • Engberg, A.W.1    Teasdale, T.W.2
  • 60
    • 7044220926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A populationbased study of survival and discharge status for survivors after head injury
    • A.W. Engberg, and T.W. Teasdale A populationbased study of survival and discharge status for survivors after head injury Acta Neurol Scand 110 2004 281 290
    • (2004) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.110 , pp. 281-290
    • Engberg, A.W.1    Teasdale, T.W.2
  • 61
    • 0020427525 scopus 로고
    • Computerized tomography (CT) in patients with head injuries: Assessment of outcome based upon initial clinical findings and initial CT scans
    • J.O. Espersen, and O.F. Petersen Computerized tomography (CT) in patients with head injuries Assessment of outcome based upon initial clinical findings and initial CT scans Acta Neurochir (Wien) 65 1982 81 91
    • (1982) Acta Neurochir (Wien) , vol.65 , pp. 81-91
    • Espersen, J.O.1    Petersen, O.F.2
  • 62
    • 0028356736 scopus 로고
    • A multicenter trial of the efficacy of nimodipine on outcome after severe head injury
    • European Study Group on Nimodipine in Severe Head Injury
    • European Study Group on Nimodipine in Severe Head Injury A multicenter trial of the efficacy of nimodipine on outcome after severe head injury J Neurosurg 80 1994 797 804
    • (1994) J Neurosurg , vol.80 , pp. 797-804
  • 63
    • 1942508853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of braininjured patients by an evidencebased medicine protocol improves outcomes and decreases hospital charges
    • S.M. Fakhry, A.L. Trask, M.A. Waller, and D.D. Watts Management of braininjured patients by an evidencebased medicine protocol improves outcomes and decreases hospital charges J Trauma 56 2004 492 499 [discussion: 499-500]
    • (2004) J Trauma , vol.56 , pp. 492-499
    • Fakhry, S.M.1    Trask, A.L.2    Waller, M.A.3    Watts, D.D.4
  • 64
    • 0034433318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do women fare worse: A metaanalysis of gender differences in traumatic brain injury outcome
    • E. Farace, and W.M. Alves Do women fare worse: a metaanalysis of gender differences in traumatic brain injury outcome J Neurosurg 93 2000 539 545
    • (2000) J Neurosurg , vol.93 , pp. 539-545
    • Farace, E.1    Alves, W.M.2
  • 65
    • 4544308318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lessons from epidemiologic studies in clinical trials of traumatic brain injury
    • A. Farin, and L.F. Marshall Lessons from epidemiologic studies in clinical trials of traumatic brain injury Acta Neurochir Suppl 89 2004 101 107
    • (2004) Acta Neurochir Suppl , vol.89 , pp. 101-107
    • Farin, A.1    Marshall, L.F.2
  • 66
    • 38949126991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using a costbenefit analysis to estimate outcomes of a clinical treatment guideline: Testing the Brain Trauma Foundation guidelines for the treatment of severe traumatic brain injury
    • M. Faul, M.M. Wald, W. RutlandBrown, E.E. Sullivent, and R.W. Sattin Using a costbenefit analysis to estimate outcomes of a clinical treatment guideline: testing the Brain Trauma Foundation guidelines for the treatment of severe traumatic brain injury J Trauma 63 2007 1271 1278
    • (2007) J Trauma , vol.63 , pp. 1271-1278
    • Faul, M.1    Wald, M.M.2    Rutlandbrown, W.3    Sullivent, E.E.4    Sattin, R.W.5
  • 67
    • 0027238255 scopus 로고
    • The Westmead Head Injury Project outcome in severe head injury: A comparative analysis of prehospital, clinical and CT variables
    • M.R. Fearnside, R.J. Cook, P. McDougall, and R.J. McNeil The Westmead Head Injury Project outcome in severe head injury A comparative analysis of prehospital, clinical and CT variables Br J Neurosurg 7 1993 267 279
    • (1993) Br J Neurosurg , vol.7 , pp. 267-279
    • Fearnside, M.R.1    Cook, R.J.2    McDougall, P.3    McNeil, R.J.4
  • 69
    • 0022493484 scopus 로고
    • Incidence and outcome of hospitaltreated head injury in Rhode Island
    • D. Fife, G. Faich, W. Hollinshead, and W. Boynton Incidence and outcome of hospitaltreated head injury in Rhode Island Am J Public Health 76 1986 773 778
    • (1986) Am J Public Health , vol.76 , pp. 773-778
    • Fife, D.1    Faich, G.2    Hollinshead, W.3    Boynton, W.4
  • 70
    • 34247114680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative risk of mortality after traumatic brain injury: A populationbased study of the role of age and injury severity
    • J.T. Flaada, C.L. Leibson, J.N. Mandrekar, N. Diehl, P.K. Perkins, A.W. Brown, and J.F. Malec Relative risk of mortality after traumatic brain injury: a populationbased study of the role of age and injury severity J Neurotrauma 24 2007 435 445
    • (2007) J Neurotrauma , vol.24 , pp. 435-445
    • Flaada, J.T.1    Leibson, C.L.2    Mandrekar, J.N.3    Diehl, N.4    Perkins, P.K.5    Brown, A.W.6    Malec, J.F.7
  • 71
    • 0022436652 scopus 로고
    • Descriptive epidemiologic studies of head injury in the United States: 19741984
    • R.F. Frankowski Descriptive epidemiologic studies of head injury in the United States: 19741984 Adv Psychosom Med 16 1986 153 172
    • (1986) Adv Psychosom Med , vol.16 , pp. 153-172
    • Frankowski, R.F.1
  • 72
    • 50149086581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of the introduction of the Amsterdam Trauma Workflow Concept on mortality and functional outcome of patients with severe traumatic brain injury
    • P.H. Fung Kon Jin, N. Penning, P. Joosse, A.H. Hijdra, G.J. Bouma, K.J. Ponsen, and J.C. Goslings The effect of the introduction of the Amsterdam Trauma Workflow Concept on mortality and functional outcome of patients with severe traumatic brain injury J Neurotrauma 25 2008 1003 1009
    • (2008) J Neurotrauma , vol.25 , pp. 1003-1009
    • Fung Kon Jin, P.H.1    Penning, N.2    Joosse, P.3    Hijdra, A.H.4    Bouma, G.J.5    Ponsen, K.J.6    Goslings, J.C.7
  • 73
    • 0028149767 scopus 로고
    • "Ultrahigh" dexamethasone in acute brain injury: Results from a prospective randomized double-blind multicenter trial (GUDHIS). German Ultrahigh Dexamethasone Head Injury Study Group
    • M.R. Gaab, H.A. Trost, A. Alcantara, A. Karimi-Nejad, D. Moskopp, R. Schultheiss, W.J. Bock, J. Piek, H. Klinge, and F. Scheil "Ultrahigh" dexamethasone in acute brain injury Results from a prospective randomized double-blind multicenter trial (GUDHIS). German Ultrahigh Dexamethasone Head Injury Study Group Zentralbl Neurochir 55 1994 135 143
    • (1994) Zentralbl Neurochir , vol.55 , pp. 135-143
    • Gaab, M.R.1    Trost, H.A.2    Alcantara, A.3    Karimi-Nejad, A.4    Moskopp, D.5    Schultheiss, R.6    Bock, W.J.7    Piek, J.8    Klinge, H.9    Scheil, F.10
  • 74
    • 0017344833 scopus 로고
    • Head injury admissions to a teaching hospital
    • S. Galbraith, W.R. Murray, and A.R. Patel Head injury admissions to a teaching hospital Scott Med J 22 1977 129 132
    • (1977) Scott Med J , vol.22 , pp. 129-132
    • Galbraith, S.1    Murray, W.R.2    Patel, A.R.3
  • 77
    • 0024449321 scopus 로고
    • Mortality of patients with head injury and extracranial injury treated in trauma centers
    • T.A. Gennarelli, H.R. Champion, W.J. Sacco, W.S. Copes, and W.M. Alves Mortality of patients with head injury and extracranial injury treated in trauma centers J Trauma 29 1989 1193 1201 [discussion: 1201-1192]
    • (1989) J Trauma , vol.29 , pp. 1193-1201
    • Gennarelli, T.A.1    Champion, H.R.2    Sacco, W.J.3    Copes, W.S.4    Alves, W.M.5
  • 79
  • 80
    • 84920205380 scopus 로고
    • Aggressive management of severe closed head trauma: Time for reappraisal
    • R.M. Gibson, and G.C. Stephenson Aggressive management of severe closed head trauma: time for reappraisal Lancet 2 1989 369 371
    • (1989) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 369-371
    • Gibson, R.M.1    Stephenson, G.C.2
  • 81
    • 11144245938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the Glasgow Coma Scale score to simplified alternative scores for the prediction of traumatic brain injury outcomes
    • M. Gill, R. Windemuth, R. Steele, and S.M. Greene A comparison of the Glasgow Coma Scale score to simplified alternative scores for the prediction of traumatic brain injury outcomes Ann Emerg Med 45 2005 37 42
    • (2005) Ann Emerg Med , vol.45 , pp. 37-42
    • Gill, M.1    Windemuth, R.2    Steele, R.3    Greene, S.M.4
  • 84
    • 0029123136 scopus 로고
    • Outcome of head injury in 2298 patients treated in a single clinic during a 21-year period
    • E. Gordon, H. von Holst, and A. Rudehill Outcome of head injury in 2298 patients treated in a single clinic during a 21-year period J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 7 1995 235 247
    • (1995) J Neurosurg Anesthesiol , vol.7 , pp. 235-247
    • Gordon, E.1    Von Holst, H.2    Rudehill, A.3
  • 85
    • 0017647630 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of brain function in severe human head trauma with multimodality evoked potentials: Part 1: Evoked brain-injury potentials, methods, and analysis
    • R.P. Greenberg, D.J. Mayer, D.P. Becker, and J.D. Miller Evaluation of brain function in severe human head trauma with multimodality evoked potentials Part 1: evoked brain-injury potentials, methods, and analysis J Neurosurg 47 1977 150 162
    • (1977) J Neurosurg , vol.47 , pp. 150-162
    • Greenberg, R.P.1    Mayer, D.J.2    Becker, D.P.3    Miller, J.D.4
  • 86
    • 0019493353 scopus 로고
    • Prognostic implications of early multimodality evoked potentials in severely head-injured patients: A prospective study
    • R.P. Greenberg, P.G. Newlon, M.S. Hyatt, R.K. Narayan, and D.P. Becker Prognostic implications of early multimodality evoked potentials in severely head-injured patients A prospective study J Neurosurg 55 1981 227 236
    • (1981) J Neurosurg , vol.55 , pp. 227-236
    • Greenberg, R.P.1    Newlon, P.G.2    Hyatt, M.S.3    Narayan, R.K.4    Becker, D.P.5
  • 87
    • 0029148790 scopus 로고
    • Impact of traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage on outcome in nonpenetrating head injury: Part I: A proposed computerized tomography grading scale
    • K.A. Greene, F.F. Marciano, B.A. Johnson, R. Jacobowitz, R.F. Spetzler, and T.R. Harrington Impact of traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage on outcome in nonpenetrating head injury Part I: a proposed computerized tomography grading scale J Neurosurg 83 1995 445 452
    • (1995) J Neurosurg , vol.83 , pp. 445-452
    • Greene, K.A.1    Marciano, F.F.2    Johnson, B.A.3    Jacobowitz, R.4    Spetzler, R.F.5    Harrington, T.R.6
  • 89
    • 33645001965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in mortality after traumatic brain injury, Colorado 19941998
    • I.B. Gujral, L. Stallones, B.A. Gabella, T.J. Keefe, and P. Chen Sex differences in mortality after traumatic brain injury, Colorado 19941998 Brain Inj 20 2006 283 291
    • (2006) Brain Inj , vol.20 , pp. 283-291
    • Gujral, I.B.1    Stallones, L.2    Gabella, B.A.3    Keefe, T.J.4    Chen, P.5
  • 91
    • 15844413520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage and its treatment with nimodipine: German tSAH Study Group
    • A. Harders, A. Kakarieka, and R. Braakman Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage and its treatment with nimodipine German tSAH Study Group J Neurosurg 85 1996 82 89
    • (1996) J Neurosurg , vol.85 , pp. 82-89
    • Harders, A.1    Kakarieka, A.2    Braakman, R.3
  • 92
    • 53449097524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examination of the management of traumatic brain injury in the developing and developed world: Focus on resource utilization, protocols, and practices that alter outcome
    • O.A. Harris, C.A. Bruce, M. Reid, R. Cheeks, K. Easley, M.C. Surles, Y. Pan, D. Rhoden-Salmon, D. Webster, and I. Crandon Examination of the management of traumatic brain injury in the developing and developed world: focus on resource utilization, protocols, and practices that alter outcome J Neurosurg 109 2008 433 438
    • (2008) J Neurosurg , vol.109 , pp. 433-438
    • Harris, O.A.1    Bruce, C.A.2    Reid, M.3    Cheeks, R.4    Easley, K.5    Surles, M.C.6    Pan, Y.7    Rhoden-Salmon, D.8    Webster, D.9    Crandon, I.10
  • 93
    • 33745230206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct transport within an organized state trauma system reduces mortality in patients with severe traumatic brain injury
    • R. Hartl, L.M. Gerber, L. Iacono, Q. Ni, K. Lyons, and J. Ghajar Direct transport within an organized state trauma system reduces mortality in patients with severe traumatic brain injury J Trauma 60 2006 1250 1256 [discussion: 1256]
    • (2006) J Trauma , vol.60 , pp. 1250-1256
    • Hartl, R.1    Gerber, L.M.2    Iacono, L.3    Ni, Q.4    Lyons, K.5    Ghajar, J.6
  • 95
    • 0021041239 scopus 로고
    • Severe head injury: Clinical assessment and outcome
    • J.S. Heiden, R. Small, W. Caton, M. Weiss, and T. Kurze Severe head injury Clinical assessment and outcome Phys Ther 63 1983 1946 1951
    • (1983) Phys Ther , vol.63 , pp. 1946-1951
    • Heiden, J.S.1    Small, R.2    Caton, W.3    Weiss, M.4    Kurze, T.5
  • 96
    • 37349131234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marked improvement in adherence to traumatic brain injury guidelines in United States trauma centers
    • D.C. Hesdorffer, and J. Ghajar Marked improvement in adherence to traumatic brain injury guidelines in United States trauma centers J Trauma 63 2007 841 847 [discussion: 847-848]
    • (2007) J Trauma , vol.63 , pp. 841-847
    • Hesdorffer, D.C.1    Ghajar, J.2
  • 97
    • 11344259252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Addressing the growing burden of trauma and injury in low- and middle-income countries
    • K. Hofman, A. Primack, G. Keusch, and S. Hrynkow Addressing the growing burden of trauma and injury in low- and middle-income countries Am J Public Health 95 2005 13 17
    • (2005) Am J Public Health , vol.95 , pp. 13-17
    • Hofman, K.1    Primack, A.2    Keusch, G.3    Hrynkow, S.4
  • 98
    • 0020041559 scopus 로고
    • Normal computed tomograms in acute head injury: Correlation of intracranial pressure, ventricular size, and outcome
    • P.O. Holliday 3rd, D.L. Kelly Jr, and M. Ball Normal computed tomograms in acute head injury: correlation of intracranial pressure, ventricular size, and outcome Neurosurgery 10 1982 25 28
    • (1982) Neurosurgery , vol.10 , pp. 25-28
    • Holliday III, P.O.1    Kelly Jr., D.L.2    Ball, M.3
  • 100
    • 55349144503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors predicting mortality in victims of blunt trauma brain injury in emergency department settings
    • K.Y. Hsiao, C.T. Hsiao, K.H. Chen, L.J. Lin, and Y.M. Huang Factors predicting mortality in victims of blunt trauma brain injury in emergency department settings Emerg Med J 25 2008 670 673
    • (2008) Emerg Med J , vol.25 , pp. 670-673
    • Hsiao, K.Y.1    Hsiao, C.T.2    Chen, K.H.3    Lin, L.J.4    Huang, Y.M.5
  • 102
    • 34447314897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Case mix, outcomes and comparison of risk prediction models for admissions to adult, general and specialist critical care units for head injury: A secondary analysis of the ICNARC Case Mix Programme Database
    • J.A. Hyam, C.A. Welch, D.A. Harrison, and D.K. Menon Case mix, outcomes and comparison of risk prediction models for admissions to adult, general and specialist critical care units for head injury: a secondary analysis of the ICNARC Case Mix Programme Database Crit Care 10 Suppl 2 2006 S2
    • (2006) Crit Care , vol.10 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 2
    • Hyam, J.A.1    Welch, C.A.2    Harrison, D.A.3    Menon, D.K.4
  • 103
    • 0021338492 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiologic features of head injury in a predominantly rural population
    • J. Jagger, J.I. Levine, J.A. Jane, and R.W. Rimel Epidemiologic features of head injury in a predominantly rural population J Trauma 24 1984 40 44
    • (1984) J Trauma , vol.24 , pp. 40-44
    • Jagger, J.1    Levine, J.I.2    Jane, J.A.3    Rimel, R.W.4
  • 104
    • 0025255965 scopus 로고
    • Relationship of early cerebral blood flow and metabolism to outcome in acute head injury
    • J.L. Jaggi, W.D. Obrist, T.A. Gennarelli, and T.W. Langfitt Relationship of early cerebral blood flow and metabolism to outcome in acute head injury J Neurosurg 72 1990 176 182
    • (1990) J Neurosurg , vol.72 , pp. 176-182
    • Jaggi, J.L.1    Obrist, W.D.2    Gennarelli, T.A.3    Langfitt, T.W.4
  • 105
    • 0016666897 scopus 로고
    • Outcome of severe damage to the central nervous system: Scale, scope and philosophy of the clinical problem
    • B. Jennett Outcome of severe damage to the central nervous system Scale, scope and philosophy of the clinical problem Ciba Found Symp 34 1975 3 21
    • (1975) Ciba Found Symp , vol.34 , pp. 3-21
    • Jennett, B.1
  • 106
    • 0018744911 scopus 로고
    • Severe head injury: Prediction of outcome as a basis for management decisions
    • B. Jennett Severe head injury: prediction of outcome as a basis for management decisions Int Anesthesiol Clin 17 1979 133 152
    • (1979) Int Anesthesiol Clin , vol.17 , pp. 133-152
    • Jennett, B.1
  • 107
    • 0019520764 scopus 로고
    • Disability after severe head injury: Observations on the use of the Glasgow Outcome Scale
    • B. Jennett, J. Snoek, M.R. Bond, and N. Brooks Disability after severe head injury: observations on the use of the Glasgow Outcome Scale J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 44 1981 285 293
    • (1981) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.44 , pp. 285-293
    • Jennett, B.1    Snoek, J.2    Bond, M.R.3    Brooks, N.4
  • 109
  • 111
    • 0036320456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early indicators of prognosis in 846 cases of severe traumatic brain injury
    • J.Y. Jiang, G.Y. Gao, W.P. Li, M.K. Yu, and C. Zhu Early indicators of prognosis in 846 cases of severe traumatic brain injury J Neurotrauma 19 2002 869 874
    • (2002) J Neurotrauma , vol.19 , pp. 869-874
    • Jiang, J.Y.1    Gao, G.Y.2    Li, W.P.3    Yu, M.K.4    Zhu, C.5
  • 112
    • 48549085367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trauma care in India: Current scenario
    • M.K. Joshipura Trauma care in India: current scenario World J Surg 32 2008 1613 1617
    • (2008) World J Surg , vol.32 , pp. 1613-1617
    • Joshipura, M.K.1
  • 114
    • 0025254526 scopus 로고
    • Early prediction of outcome from cerebral trauma by somatosensory evoked potentials
    • J.A. Judson, B.R. Cant, and N.A. Shaw Early prediction of outcome from cerebral trauma by somatosensory evoked potentials Crit Care Med 18 1990 363 368
    • (1990) Crit Care Med , vol.18 , pp. 363-368
    • Judson, J.A.1    Cant, B.R.2    Shaw, N.A.3
  • 115
    • 0028337815 scopus 로고
    • The impact of the volume of neurotrauma experience on mortality after head injury
    • R.J. Kagan, and R.J. Baker The impact of the volume of neurotrauma experience on mortality after head injury Am Surg 60 1994 394 400
    • (1994) Am Surg , vol.60 , pp. 394-400
    • Kagan, R.J.1    Baker, R.J.2
  • 117
    • 0026639658 scopus 로고
    • Severe head injury: Should expected outcome influence resuscitation and first-day decisions?
    • M.A. Kaufmann, B. Buchmann, D. Scheidegger, O. Gratzl, and E.W. Radu Severe head injury: should expected outcome influence resuscitation and first-day decisions? Resuscitation 23 1992 199 206
    • (1992) Resuscitation , vol.23 , pp. 199-206
    • Kaufmann, M.A.1    Buchmann, B.2    Scheidegger, D.3    Gratzl, O.4    Radu, E.W.5
  • 118
    • 0343415611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of the International Classification of Diseases 10th Edition-based Injury Severity Score (ICISS)
    • Y. Kim, K.Y. Jung, C.Y. Kim, Y.I. Kim, and Y. Shin Validation of the International Classification of Diseases 10th Edition-based Injury Severity Score (ICISS) J Trauma 48 2000 280 285
    • (2000) J Trauma , vol.48 , pp. 280-285
    • Kim, Y.1    Jung, K.Y.2    Kim, C.Y.3    Kim, Y.I.4    Shin, Y.5
  • 119
    • 0029157124 scopus 로고
    • Elective surgery for asymptomatic, unruptured, intracranial aneurysms: A costeffectiveness analysis
    • J.T. King Jr, H.A. Glick, T.J. Mason, and E.S. Flamm Elective surgery for asymptomatic, unruptured, intracranial aneurysms: a costeffectiveness analysis J Neurosurg 83 1995 403 412
    • (1995) J Neurosurg , vol.83 , pp. 403-412
    • King Jr., J.T.1    Glick, H.A.2    Mason, T.J.3    Flamm, E.S.4
  • 120
    • 0019515006 scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology of head injury: A prospective study of an entire communitySan Diego County, California, 1978
    • M.R. Klauber, E. BarrettConnor, L.F. Marshall, and S.A. Bowers The epidemiology of head injury: a prospective study of an entire communitySan Diego County, California, 1978 Am J Epidemiol 113 1981 500 509
    • (1981) Am J Epidemiol , vol.113 , pp. 500-509
    • Klauber, M.R.1    Barrettconnor, E.2    Marshall, L.F.3    Bowers, S.A.4
  • 122
    • 0021796130 scopus 로고
    • Cause of decline in head-injury mortality rate in San Diego County, California
    • M.R. Klauber, L.F. Marshall, B.M. Toole, S.L. Knowlton, and S.A. Bowers Cause of decline in head-injury mortality rate in San Diego County, California J Neurosurg 62 1985 528 531
    • (1985) J Neurosurg , vol.62 , pp. 528-531
    • Klauber, M.R.1    Marshall, L.F.2    Toole, B.M.3    Knowlton, S.L.4    Bowers, S.A.5
  • 123
    • 0033140080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management strategies for improving outcome following severe head injury
    • D.G. Klein Management strategies for improving outcome following severe head injury Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am 11 1999 209 225
    • (1999) Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am , vol.11 , pp. 209-225
    • Klein, D.G.1
  • 124
    • 0020575070 scopus 로고
    • Clinical value of serial computed tomography with severe head injury
    • S. Kobayashi, S. Nakazawa, and T. Otsuka Clinical value of serial computed tomography with severe head injury Surg Neurol 20 1983 25 29
    • (1983) Surg Neurol , vol.20 , pp. 25-29
    • Kobayashi, S.1    Nakazawa, S.2    Otsuka, T.3
  • 125
    • 39749122617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Traumatic brain injury in Finland 19912005: A nationwide register study of hospitalized and fatal TBI
    • S. Koskinen, and H. Alaranta Traumatic brain injury in Finland 19912005: a nationwide register study of hospitalized and fatal TBI Brain Inj 22 2008 205 214
    • (2008) Brain Inj , vol.22 , pp. 205-214
    • Koskinen, S.1    Alaranta, H.2
  • 127
    • 0004030426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The independent effect of gender on outcomes following traumatic brain injury: A preliminary investigation
    • J.F. Kraus, C. PeekAsa, and D. McArthur The independent effect of gender on outcomes following traumatic brain injury: a preliminary investigation Neurosurg Focus 8 2000 e5
    • (2000) Neurosurg Focus , vol.8 , pp. 5
    • Kraus, J.F.1    Peekasa, C.2    McArthur, D.3
  • 128
    • 0034535752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracranial pressure monitoring and outcomes after traumatic brain injury
    • P.L. Lane, T.G. Skoretz, G. Doig, and M.J. Girotti Intracranial pressure monitoring and outcomes after traumatic brain injury Can J Surg 43 2000 442 448
    • (2000) Can J Surg , vol.43 , pp. 442-448
    • Lane, P.L.1    Skoretz, T.G.2    Doig, G.3    Girotti, M.J.4
  • 129
    • 0017802368 scopus 로고
    • Measuring the outcome from head injuries
    • T.W. Langfitt Measuring the outcome from head injuries J Neurosurg 48 1978 673 678
    • (1978) J Neurosurg , vol.48 , pp. 673-678
    • Langfitt, T.W.1
  • 130
    • 0020001528 scopus 로고
    • Can the outcome from head injury be improved?
    • T.W. Langfitt, and T.A. Gennarelli Can the outcome from head injury be improved? J Neurosurg 56 1982 19 25
    • (1982) J Neurosurg , vol.56 , pp. 19-25
    • Langfitt, T.W.1    Gennarelli, T.A.2
  • 132
    • 0142199940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Level of prehospital care and risk of mortality in patients with and without severe blunt head injury
    • A. Lee, A. Garner, M. Fearnside, and K. Harrison Level of prehospital care and risk of mortality in patients with and without severe blunt head injury Injury 34 2003 815 819
    • (2003) Injury , vol.34 , pp. 815-819
    • Lee, A.1    Garner, A.2    Fearnside, M.3    Harrison, K.4
  • 134
    • 34250899699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe traumatic brain injury in Austria V: CT findings and surgical management
    • DOI 10.1007/s00508-006-0764-1
    • J. Leitgeb, K. Erb, W. Mauritz, I. Janciak, I. Wilbacher, and M. Rusnak Severe traumatic brain injury in Austria V: CT findings and surgical management Wien Klin Wochenschr 119 2007 56 63 (Pubitemid 46972110)
    • (2007) Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift , vol.119 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 56-63
    • Leitgeb, J.1    Erb, K.2    Mauritz, W.3    Janciak, I.4    Wilbacher, I.5    Rusnak, M.6
  • 136
    • 0141745960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of admission Glasgow Coma Score, pupil size, and pupil reactivity to determine outcome for trauma patients
    • J.D. Lieberman, M.D. Pasquale, P. Mark Li, and T.E. Wasser Use of admission Glasgow Coma Score, pupil size, and pupil reactivity to determine outcome for trauma patients J Trauma 55 2003 437 442 [discussion: 442-433]
    • (2003) J Trauma , vol.55 , pp. 437-442
    • Lieberman, J.D.1    Pasquale, M.D.2    Mark Li, P.3    Wasser, T.E.4
  • 138
    • 0028939737 scopus 로고
    • Changes of brainstem and perimesencephalic cistern: Dynamic predictor of outcome in severe head injury
    • H.M. Liu, Y.K. Tu, and C.T. Su Changes of brainstem and perimesencephalic cistern: dynamic predictor of outcome in severe head injury J Trauma 38 1995 330 333
    • (1995) J Trauma , vol.38 , pp. 330-333
    • Liu, H.M.1    Tu, Y.K.2    Su, C.T.3
  • 142
    • 0021243570 scopus 로고
    • Assessing the influence of non-treatment variables in a study of outcome from severe head injuries
    • A.R. Lokkeberg, and R.M. Grimes Assessing the influence of non-treatment variables in a study of outcome from severe head injuries J Neurosurg 61 1984 254 262
    • (1984) J Neurosurg , vol.61 , pp. 254-262
    • Lokkeberg, A.R.1    Grimes, R.M.2
  • 144
    • 0023853052 scopus 로고
    • Outcome from head injury related to patient's age: A longitudinal prospective study of adult and pediatric head injury
    • T.G. Luerssen, M.R. Klauber, and L.F. Marshall Outcome from head injury related to patient's age A longitudinal prospective study of adult and pediatric head injury J Neurosurg 68 1988 409 416
    • (1988) J Neurosurg , vol.68 , pp. 409-416
    • Luerssen, T.G.1    Klauber, M.R.2    Marshall, L.F.3
  • 147
    • 46849094295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moderate and severe traumatic brain injury in adults
    • A.I. Maas, N. Stocchetti, and R. Bullock Moderate and severe traumatic brain injury in adults Lancet Neurol 7 2008 728 741
    • (2008) Lancet Neurol , vol.7 , pp. 728-741
    • Maas, A.I.1    Stocchetti, N.2    Bullock, R.3
  • 149
    • 0033034999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of the bradykinin antagonist Bradycor (deltibant, CP1027) in severe traumatic brain injury: Results of a multi-center, randomized, placebo-controlled trial: American Brain Injury Consortium Study Group
    • A. Marmarou, J. Nichols, J. Burgess, D. Newell, J. Troha, D. Burnham, and L. Pitts Effects of the bradykinin antagonist Bradycor (deltibant, CP1027) in severe traumatic brain injury: results of a multi-center, randomized, placebo-controlled trial American Brain Injury Consortium Study Group J Neurotrauma 16 1999 431 444
    • (1999) J Neurotrauma , vol.16 , pp. 431-444
    • Marmarou, A.1    Nichols, J.2    Burgess, J.3    Newell, D.4    Troha, J.5    Burnham, D.6    Pitts, L.7
  • 152
    • 0018404515 scopus 로고
    • The outcome with aggressive treatment in severe head injuries: Part I: The significance of intracranial pressure monitoring
    • L.F. Marshall, R.W. Smith, and H.M. Shapiro The outcome with aggressive treatment in severe head injuries Part I: the significance of intracranial pressure monitoring J Neurosurg 50 1979 20 25
    • (1979) J Neurosurg , vol.50 , pp. 20-25
    • Marshall, L.F.1    Smith, R.W.2    Shapiro, H.M.3
  • 153
    • 0344406679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of traumatic comas: A prospective population-based study
    • F. Masson, M. Thicoipe, T. Mokni, P. Aye, P. Erny, and P. Dabadie Epidemiology of traumatic comas: a prospective population-based study Brain Inj 17 2003 279 293
    • (2003) Brain Inj , vol.17 , pp. 279-293
    • Masson, F.1    Thicoipe, M.2    Mokni, T.3    Aye, P.4    Erny, P.5    Dabadie, P.6
  • 154
    • 56749169381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology, treatment and outcome of patients after severe traumatic brain injury in European regions with different economic status
    • W. Mauritz, I. Wilbacher, M. Majdan, J. Leitgeb, I. Janciak, A. Brazinova, and M. Rusnak Epidemiology, treatment and outcome of patients after severe traumatic brain injury in European regions with different economic status Eur J Public Health 18 2008 575 580
    • (2008) Eur J Public Health , vol.18 , pp. 575-580
    • Mauritz, W.1    Wilbacher, I.2    Majdan, M.3    Leitgeb, J.4    Janciak, I.5    Brazinova, A.6    Rusnak, M.7
  • 155
    • 16344386276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality benefit of transfer to level i versus level II trauma centers for head-injured patients
    • K.J. McConnell, C.D. Newgard, R.J. Mullins, M. Arthur, and J.R. Hedges Mortality benefit of transfer to level I versus level II trauma centers for head-injured patients Health Serv Res 40 2005 435 457
    • (2005) Health Serv Res , vol.40 , pp. 435-457
    • McConnell, K.J.1    Newgard, C.D.2    Mullins, R.J.3    Arthur, M.4    Hedges, J.R.5
  • 157
    • 0018401297 scopus 로고
    • CT scan, ICP and early neurological evaluation in the prognosis of severe head injury
    • J.D. Miller, S.K. Gudeman, P.R. Kishore, and D.P. Becker CT scan, ICP and early neurological evaluation in the prognosis of severe head injury Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 28 1979 86 88
    • (1979) Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) , vol.28 , pp. 86-88
    • Miller, J.D.1    Gudeman, S.K.2    Kishore, P.R.3    Becker, D.P.4
  • 159
    • 66849111545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of traumatic brain injury: First link in chain of survival
    • J. Minardi, and T.J. Crocco Management of traumatic brain injury: first link in chain of survival Mt Sinai J Med 76 2009 138 144
    • (2009) Mt Sinai J Med , vol.76 , pp. 138-144
    • Minardi, J.1    Crocco, T.J.2
  • 160
    • 84855617561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ministry of Road Transport and Highways Government of India
    • Ministry of Road Transport and Highways Government of India www.morth.nic.in Accessed July 9, 2009
  • 161
    • 0033388098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Failure of the competitive Nmethyldaspartate antagonist Selfotel (CGS 19755) in the treatment of severe head injury: Results of two phase III clinical trials: The Selfotel Investigators
    • G.F. Morris, R. Bullock, S.B. Marshall, A. Marmarou, A. Maas, and L.F. Marshall Failure of the competitive Nmethyldaspartate antagonist Selfotel (CGS 19755) in the treatment of severe head injury: results of two phase III clinical trials The Selfotel Investigators J Neurosurg 91 1999 737 743
    • (1999) J Neurosurg , vol.91 , pp. 737-743
    • Morris, G.F.1    Bullock, R.2    Marshall, S.B.3    Marmarou, A.4    Maas, A.5    Marshall, L.F.6
  • 165
    • 0022568855 scopus 로고
    • Use of an international data bank to compare outcome following severe head injury in different centres
    • G.D. Murray Use of an international data bank to compare outcome following severe head injury in different centres Stat Med 5 1986 103 112
    • (1986) Stat Med , vol.5 , pp. 103-112
    • Murray, G.D.1
  • 170
    • 0019582612 scopus 로고
    • Improved confidence of outcome prediction in severe head injury: A comparative analysis of the clinical examination, multimodality evoked potentials, CT scanning, and intracranial pressure
    • R.K. Narayan, R.P. Greenberg, J.D. Miller, G.G. Enas, S.C. Choi, P.R. Kishore, J.B. Selhorst, H.A. Lutz 3rd, and D.P. Becker Improved confidence of outcome prediction in severe head injury A comparative analysis of the clinical examination, multimodality evoked potentials, CT scanning, and intracranial pressure J Neurosurg 54 1981 751 762
    • (1981) J Neurosurg , vol.54 , pp. 751-762
    • Narayan, R.K.1    Greenberg, R.P.2    Miller, J.D.3    Enas, G.G.4    Choi, S.C.5    Kishore, P.R.6
  • 171
    • 0035228713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between trauma center volume and outcome
    • A.B. Nathens, and R.V. Maier The relationship between trauma center volume and outcome Adv Surg 35 2001 61 75
    • (2001) Adv Surg , vol.35 , pp. 61-75
    • Nathens, A.B.1    Maier, R.V.2
  • 172
    • 0023909911 scopus 로고
    • Head injuries during one year in a central hospital in Norway: A prospective study: Epidemiologic features
    • K. Nestvold, T. Lundar, G. Blikra, and A. Lonnum Head injuries during one year in a central hospital in Norway: a prospective study Epidemiologic features Neuroepidemiology 7 1988 134 144
    • (1988) Neuroepidemiology , vol.7 , pp. 134-144
    • Nestvold, K.1    Lundar, T.2    Blikra, G.3    Lonnum, A.4
  • 173
    • 0024309794 scopus 로고
    • Severe traumatic brain lesions in Sweden. Part I: Aspects of management in non-neurosurgical clinics
    • C.H. Nordstrom, K. Messeter, G. Sundbarg, and S. Wahlander Severe traumatic brain lesions in Sweden Part I: aspects of management in non-neurosurgical clinics Brain Inj 3 1989 247 265 (Pubitemid 19192582)
    • (1989) Brain Injury , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 247-265
    • Nordstrom, C.-H.1    Messeter, K.2    Sundbarg, G.3    Wahlander, S.4
  • 174
    • 0024354269 scopus 로고
    • Severe traumatic brain lesions in Sweden. Part 2: Impact of aggressive neurosurgical intensive care
    • C.H. Nordstrom, G. Sundbarg, K. Messeter, and W. Schalen Severe traumatic brain lesions in Sweden Part 2: impact of aggressive neurosurgical intensive care Brain Inj 3 1989 267 281 (Pubitemid 19192583)
    • (1989) Brain Injury , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 267-281
    • Nordstrom, C.-H.1    Sundbarg, G.2    Messeter, K.3    Schalen, W.4
  • 175
    • 1642401334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal trends in trauma mortality and survival in Stoke-on-Trent 19921998
    • P.A. Oakley, G. MacKenzie, J. Templeton, A.L. Cook, and R.M. Kirby Longitudinal trends in trauma mortality and survival in Stoke-on-Trent 19921998 Injury 35 2004 379 385
    • (2004) Injury , vol.35 , pp. 379-385
    • Oakley, P.A.1    MacKenzie, G.2    Templeton, J.3    Cook, A.L.4    Kirby, R.M.5
  • 176
    • 59449107339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age related pattern and outcome of head injury in indigenous Africa
    • T.O. Odebode Age related pattern and outcome of head injury in indigenous Africa Niger J Clin Pract 11 2008 265 269
    • (2008) Niger J Clin Pract , vol.11 , pp. 265-269
    • Odebode, T.O.1
  • 178
    • 0035063782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact on outcomes in a community hospital setting of using the AANS traumatic brain injury guidelines: American Association for Neurologic Surgeons
    • S. Palmer, M.K. Bader, A. Qureshi, J. Palmer, T. Shaver, M. Borzatta, and C. Stalcup The impact on outcomes in a community hospital setting of using the AANS traumatic brain injury guidelines American Association for Neurologic Surgeons J Trauma 50 2001 657 664
    • (2001) J Trauma , vol.50 , pp. 657-664
    • Palmer, S.1    Bader, M.K.2    Qureshi, A.3    Palmer, J.4    Shaver, T.5    Borzatta, M.6    Stalcup, C.7
  • 182
    • 0346882881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome prediction model for severe diffuse brain injuries: Development and evaluation
    • S.V. Pillai, V.R. Kolluri, and S.S. Praharaj Outcome prediction model for severe diffuse brain injuries: development and evaluation Neurol India 51 2003 345 349
    • (2003) Neurol India , vol.51 , pp. 345-349
    • Pillai, S.V.1    Kolluri, V.R.2    Praharaj, S.S.3
  • 183
    • 0018405853 scopus 로고
    • The prediction of outcome of patients admitted following head injury in coma with bilateral fixed pupils
    • D.J. Price, and R. KnillJones The prediction of outcome of patients admitted following head injury in coma with bilateral fixed pupils Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 28 1979 179 182
    • (1979) Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) , vol.28 , pp. 179-182
    • Price, D.J.1    Knilljones, R.2
  • 185
    • 50249185551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new scale for prognostication in head injury
    • V.G. Ramesh, K.P. Thirumaran, and M.C. Raja A new scale for prognostication in head injury J Clin Neurosci 15 2008 1110 1113 [discussion: 1113-1114]
    • (2008) J Clin Neurosci , vol.15 , pp. 1110-1113
    • Ramesh, V.G.1    Thirumaran, K.P.2    Raja, M.C.3
  • 186
    • 0036439998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergency medical care in developing countries: Is it worthwhile?
    • J.A. Razzak, and A.L. Kellermann Emergency medical care in developing countries: is it worthwhile? Bull World Health Organ 80 2002 900 905
    • (2002) Bull World Health Organ , vol.80 , pp. 900-905
    • Razzak, J.A.1    Kellermann, A.L.2
  • 187
    • 0030799653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome analysis of patients with severe head injuries and prolonged intracranial hypertension
    • D.K. Resnick, D.W. Marion, and P. Carlier Outcome analysis of patients with severe head injuries and prolonged intracranial hypertension J Trauma 42 1997 1108 1111
    • (1997) J Trauma , vol.42 , pp. 1108-1111
    • Resnick, D.K.1    Marion, D.W.2    Carlier, P.3
  • 188
    • 0018402430 scopus 로고
    • Significance of intracranial pressure and neurological deficit as prognostic factors in acute severe brain lesions
    • K.E. Richard, and R.A. Frowein Significance of intracranial pressure and neurological deficit as prognostic factors in acute severe brain lesions Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 28 1979 66 69
    • (1979) Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) , vol.28 , pp. 66-69
    • Richard, K.E.1    Frowein, R.A.2
  • 189
  • 192
    • 0029560419 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral perfusion pressure: Management protocol and clinical results
    • M.J. Rosner, S.D. Rosner, and A.H. Johnson Cerebral perfusion pressure: management protocol and clinical results J Neurosurg 83 1995 949 962
    • (1995) J Neurosurg , vol.83 , pp. 949-962
    • Rosner, M.J.1    Rosner, S.D.2    Johnson, A.H.3
  • 193
    • 3242889811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Classification and regression tree for prediction of outcome after severe head injury using simple clinical and laboratory variables
    • A. Rovlias, and S. Kotsou Classification and regression tree for prediction of outcome after severe head injury using simple clinical and laboratory variables J Neurotrauma 21 2004 886 893
    • (2004) J Neurotrauma , vol.21 , pp. 886-893
    • Rovlias, A.1    Kotsou, S.2
  • 194
    • 0026619297 scopus 로고
    • The prognostic value of some clinical and diagnostic factors in traumatic intracranial haematoma
    • A. Rudnik, M. Wojtacha, T. Wencel, and P. Bazowski The prognostic value of some clinical and diagnostic factors in traumatic intracranial haematoma Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 55 1992 33 36
    • (1992) Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) , vol.55 , pp. 33-36
    • Rudnik, A.1    Wojtacha, M.2    Wencel, T.3    Bazowski, P.4
  • 196
    • 0030930659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct transport to tertiary trauma centers versus transfer from lower level facilities: Impact on mortality and morbidity among patients with major trauma
    • J.S. Sampalis, R. Denis, P. Frechette, R. Brown, D. Fleiszer, and D. Mulder Direct transport to tertiary trauma centers versus transfer from lower level facilities: impact on mortality and morbidity among patients with major trauma J Trauma 43 1997 288 295 [discussion: 295-286]
    • (1997) J Trauma , vol.43 , pp. 288-295
    • Sampalis, J.S.1    Denis, R.2    Frechette, P.3    Brown, R.4    Fleiszer, D.5    Mulder, D.6
  • 198
    • 5044219667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A CRASH landing in severe head injury
    • S. Sauerland, and M. Maegele A CRASH landing in severe head injury Lancet 364 2004 1291 1292
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.364 , pp. 1291-1292
    • Sauerland, S.1    Maegele, M.2
  • 199
    • 0019951498 scopus 로고
    • Effect of intracranial pressure monitoring and aggressive treatment on mortality in severe head injury
    • T.G. Saul, and T.B. Ducker Effect of intracranial pressure monitoring and aggressive treatment on mortality in severe head injury J Neurosurg 56 1982 498 503
    • (1982) J Neurosurg , vol.56 , pp. 498-503
    • Saul, T.G.1    Ducker, T.B.2
  • 200
    • 0036186220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of mortality in patients with severe blunt head injury
    • M.A. Schreiber, N. Aoki, B.G. Scott, and J.R. Beck Determinants of mortality in patients with severe blunt head injury Arch Surg 137 2002 285 290
    • (2002) Arch Surg , vol.137 , pp. 285-290
    • Schreiber, M.A.1    Aoki, N.2    Scott, B.G.3    Beck, J.R.4
  • 201
    • 18844372767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of posthospitalization mortality among persons with traumatic brain injury, South Carolina 19992001
    • A.W. Selassie, M.L. McCarthy, P.L. Ferguson, J. Tian, and J.A. Langlois Risk of posthospitalization mortality among persons with traumatic brain injury, South Carolina 19992001 J Head Trauma Rehabil 20 2005 257 269
    • (2005) J Head Trauma Rehabil , vol.20 , pp. 257-269
    • Selassie, A.W.1    McCarthy, M.L.2    Ferguson, P.L.3    Tian, J.4    Langlois, J.A.5
  • 202
    • 0027049937 scopus 로고
    • Outcome prediction in early management of severe head injury: An experience in Malaysia
    • B.M. Selladurai, R. Jayakumar, Y.Y. Tan, and H.C. Low Outcome prediction in early management of severe head injury: an experience in Malaysia Br J Neurosurg 6 1992 549 557
    • (1992) Br J Neurosurg , vol.6 , pp. 549-557
    • Selladurai, B.M.1    Jayakumar, R.2    Tan, Y.Y.3    Low, H.C.4
  • 204
    • 1242290261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative mortality of adults with traumatic brain injury in California, 198897
    • R. Shavelle, and D. Strauss Comparative mortality of adults with traumatic brain injury in California, 198897 J Insur Med 32 2000 163 166
    • (2000) J Insur Med , vol.32 , pp. 163-166
    • Shavelle, R.1    Strauss, D.2
  • 207
    • 55249121865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards an understanding of sex differences in functional outcome following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: A systematic review
    • S. SlewaYounan, S. van den Berg, I.J. Baguley, M. Nott, and I.D. Cameron Towards an understanding of sex differences in functional outcome following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: a systematic review J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 79 2008 1197 1201
    • (2008) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.79 , pp. 1197-1201
    • Slewayounan, S.1    Van Den Berg, S.2    Baguley, I.J.3    Nott, M.4    Cameron, I.D.5
  • 208
    • 0029025472 scopus 로고
    • Trends in death associated with traumatic brain injury, 1979 through 1992: Success and failure
    • D.M. Sosin, J.E. Sniezek, and R.J. Waxweiler Trends in death associated with traumatic brain injury, 1979 through 1992 Success and failure JAMA 273 1995 1778 1780
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.273 , pp. 1778-1780
    • Sosin, D.M.1    Sniezek, J.E.2    Waxweiler, R.J.3
  • 210
    • 77952030603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship of aggressive monitoring and treatment to improved outcomes in severe traumatic brain injury
    • S.C. Stein, P. Georgoff, S. Meghan, K.L. Mirza, and O.M. El Falaky Relationship of aggressive monitoring and treatment to improved outcomes in severe traumatic brain injury J Neurosurg 112 2010 1105 1112
    • (2010) J Neurosurg , vol.112 , pp. 1105-1112
    • Stein, S.C.1    Georgoff, P.2    Meghan, S.3    Mirza, K.L.4    El Falaky, O.M.5
  • 211
    • 0027397886 scopus 로고
    • Delayed and progressive brain injury in closed-head trauma: Radiological demonstration
    • S.C. Stein, C. Spettell, G. Young, and S.E. Ross Delayed and progressive brain injury in closed-head trauma: radiological demonstration Neurosurgery 32 1993 25 30 [discussion: 30-21]
    • (1993) Neurosurgery , vol.32 , pp. 25-30
    • Stein, S.C.1    Spettell, C.2    Young, G.3    Ross, S.E.4
  • 213
    • 0035462724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk prevention, avoidable deaths and mortalitymorbidity reduction in head injury
    • N. Stocchetti Risk prevention, avoidable deaths and mortalitymorbidity reduction in head injury Eur J Emerg Med 8 2001 215 219
    • (2001) Eur J Emerg Med , vol.8 , pp. 215-219
    • Stocchetti, N.1
  • 216
    • 0035116429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relation between acute physiological variables and outcome on the Glasgow Outcome Scale and Disability Rating Scale following severe traumatic brain injury
    • M.A. Struchen, H.J. Hannay, C.F. Contant, and C.S. Robertson The relation between acute physiological variables and outcome on the Glasgow Outcome Scale and Disability Rating Scale following severe traumatic brain injury J Neurotrauma 18 2001 115 125
    • (2001) J Neurotrauma , vol.18 , pp. 115-125
    • Struchen, M.A.1    Hannay, H.J.2    Contant, C.F.3    Robertson, C.S.4
  • 217
    • 0024329111 scopus 로고
    • Severe traumatic brain lesions in Sweden. Part 3: Economic aspects of aggressive neurosurgical intensive care
    • G. Sundbarg, A. Norlund, C.H. Nordstrom, and K. Messeter Severe traumatic brain lesions in Sweden Part 3: economic aspects of aggressive neurosurgical intensive care Brain Inj 3 1989 283 293 (Pubitemid 19192584)
    • (1989) Brain Injury , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 283-293
    • Sundbarg, G.1    Norlund, A.2    Nordstrom, C.-H.3    Messeter, K.4
  • 220
    • 0017993661 scopus 로고
    • Significance of bilateral abnormalities on the CT scan in patients with severe head injury
    • R.C. Sweet, J.D. Miller, M. Lipper, P.R. Kishore, and D.P. Becker Significance of bilateral abnormalities on the CT scan in patients with severe head injury Neurosurgery 3 1978 16 21
    • (1978) Neurosurgery , vol.3 , pp. 16-21
    • Sweet, R.C.1    Miller, J.D.2    Lipper, M.3    Kishore, P.R.4    Becker, D.P.5
  • 221
    • 0017183615 scopus 로고
    • Assessment and prognosis of coma after head injury
    • G. Teasdale, and B. Jennett Assessment and prognosis of coma after head injury Acta Neurochir (Wien) 34 1976 45 55
    • (1976) Acta Neurochir (Wien) , vol.34 , pp. 45-55
    • Teasdale, G.1    Jennett, B.2
  • 222
    • 0031707406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analyzing outcome of treatment of severe head injury: A review and update on advancing the use of the Glasgow Outcome Scale
    • G.M. Teasdale, L.E. Pettigrew, J.T. Wilson, G. Murray, and B. Jennett Analyzing outcome of treatment of severe head injury: a review and update on advancing the use of the Glasgow Outcome Scale J Neurotrauma 15 1998 587 597
    • (1998) J Neurotrauma , vol.15 , pp. 587-597
    • Teasdale, G.M.1    Pettigrew, L.E.2    Wilson, J.T.3    Murray, G.4    Jennett, B.5
  • 223
    • 0034026435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glasgow Coma Scale: Variation in mortality among permutations of specific total scores
    • L.S. Teoh, J.R. Gowardman, P.D. Larsen, R. Green, and D.C. Galletly Glasgow Coma Scale: variation in mortality among permutations of specific total scores Intensive Care Med 26 2000 157 161
    • (2000) Intensive Care Med , vol.26 , pp. 157-161
    • Teoh, L.S.1    Gowardman, J.R.2    Larsen, P.D.3    Green, R.4    Galletly, D.C.5
  • 224
    • 0025894976 scopus 로고
    • Comprehensive predictions of outcome in closed head-injured patients: The development of prognostic equations
    • R.W. Thatcher, D.S. Cantor, R. McAlaster, F. Geisler, and P. Krause Comprehensive predictions of outcome in closed head-injured patients The development of prognostic equations Ann N Y Acad Sci 620 1991 82 101
    • (1991) Ann N y Acad Sci , vol.620 , pp. 82-101
    • Thatcher, R.W.1    Cantor, D.S.2    McAlaster, R.3    Geisler, F.4    Krause, P.5
  • 226
    • 0025214389 scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology of head trauma in Aquitaine (France), 1986: A community-based study of hospital admissions and deaths
    • L. Tiret, E. Hausherr, M. Thicoipe, B. Garros, P. Maurette, J.P. Castel, and F. Hatton The epidemiology of head trauma in Aquitaine (France), 1986: a community-based study of hospital admissions and deaths Int J Epidemiol 19 1990 133 140
    • (1990) Int J Epidemiol , vol.19 , pp. 133-140
    • Tiret, L.1    Hausherr, E.2    Thicoipe, M.3    Garros, B.4    Maurette, P.5    Castel, J.P.6    Hatton, F.7
  • 227
    • 59649124101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-associated increases in poor outcomes after traumatic brain injury: A report from the Japan Neurotrauma Data Bank
    • T. Tokutomi, T. Miyagi, T. Ogawa, J.I. Ono, T. Kawamata, T. Sakamoto, M. Shigemori, and N. Nakamura Age-associated increases in poor outcomes after traumatic brain injury: a report from the Japan Neurotrauma Data Bank J Neurotrauma 25 2008 1407 1414
    • (2008) J Neurotrauma , vol.25 , pp. 1407-1414
    • Tokutomi, T.1    Miyagi, T.2    Ogawa, T.3    Ono, J.I.4    Kawamata, T.5    Sakamoto, T.6    Shigemori, M.7    Nakamura, N.8
  • 229
    • 0018339351 scopus 로고
    • Prognostic signs during continuous monitoring of the ventricular fluid pressure in patients with severe brain injury
    • S.A. Tsementzis, A. Gordon, and F.J. Gillingham Prognostic signs during continuous monitoring of the ventricular fluid pressure in patients with severe brain injury Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 28 1979 78 84
    • (1979) Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) , vol.28 , pp. 78-84
    • Tsementzis, S.A.1    Gordon, A.2    Gillingham, F.J.3
  • 230
    • 2942744557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glasgow Coma Scale score, mortality, and functional outcome in head-injured patients
    • P. Udekwu, S. KromhoutSchiro, S. Vaslef, C. Baker, and D. Oller Glasgow Coma Scale score, mortality, and functional outcome in head-injured patients J Trauma 56 2004 1084 1089
    • (2004) J Trauma , vol.56 , pp. 1084-1089
    • Udekwu, P.1    Kromhoutschiro, S.2    Vaslef, S.3    Baker, C.4    Oller, D.5
  • 231
    • 0033816322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Midline shift after severe head injury: Pathophysiologic implications
    • A.B. Valadka, S.P. Gopinath, and C.S. Robertson Midline shift after severe head injury: pathophysiologic implications J Trauma 49 2000 1 8 [discussion: 8-10]
    • (2000) J Trauma , vol.49 , pp. 1-8
    • Valadka, A.B.1    Gopinath, S.P.2    Robertson, C.S.3
  • 232
    • 0021023886 scopus 로고
    • The prognostic value of computerized tomography in comatose head-injured patients
    • K.J. van Dongen, R. Braakman, and G.J. Gelpke The prognostic value of computerized tomography in comatose head-injured patients J Neurosurg 59 1983 951 957
    • (1983) J Neurosurg , vol.59 , pp. 951-957
    • Van Dongen, K.J.1    Braakman, R.2    Gelpke, G.J.3
  • 233
    • 0037186429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advanced methods in meta-analysis: Multivariate approach and meta-regression
    • H.C. van Houwelingen, L.R. Arends, and T. Stijnen Advanced methods in meta-analysis: multivariate approach and meta-regression Stat Med 21 2002 589 624
    • (2002) Stat Med , vol.21 , pp. 589-624
    • Van Houwelingen, H.C.1    Arends, L.R.2    Stijnen, T.3
  • 234
    • 0029155526 scopus 로고
    • The abbreviated injury scale as a predictor of outcome of severe head injury
    • A.D. Walder, P.M. Yeoman, and A. Turnbull The abbreviated injury scale as a predictor of outcome of severe head injury Intensive Care Med 21 1995 606 609
    • (1995) Intensive Care Med , vol.21 , pp. 606-609
    • Walder, A.D.1    Yeoman, P.M.2    Turnbull, A.3
  • 235
    • 0036155048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Which CT features help predict outcome after head injury?
    • J.M. Wardlaw, V.J. Easton, and P. Statham Which CT features help predict outcome after head injury? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 72 2002 188 192 [discussion: 151]
    • (2002) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.72 , pp. 188-192
    • Wardlaw, J.M.1    Easton, V.J.2    Statham, P.3
  • 236
    • 0026002735 scopus 로고
    • Is early prediction of outcome in severe head injury possible?
    • K. Waxman, M.J. Sundine, and R.F. Young Is early prediction of outcome in severe head injury possible? Arch Surg 126 1991 1237 1241 [discussion: 1242]
    • (1991) Arch Surg , vol.126 , pp. 1237-1241
    • Waxman, K.1    Sundine, M.J.2    Young, R.F.3
  • 237
    • 0021269726 scopus 로고
    • Comparative head trauma experiences in two socioeconomically different Chicago-area communities: A population study
    • S. Whitman, R. CoonleyHoganson, and B.T. Desai Comparative head trauma experiences in two socioeconomically different Chicago-area communities: a population study Am J Epidemiol 119 1984 570 580
    • (1984) Am J Epidemiol , vol.119 , pp. 570-580
    • Whitman, S.1    Coonleyhoganson, R.2    Desai, B.T.3
  • 238
    • 0021254950 scopus 로고
    • Predicting outcome from closed head injury by early assessment of trauma severity
    • J.M. Williams, F. Gomes, O.W. Drudge, and M. Kessler Predicting outcome from closed head injury by early assessment of trauma severity J Neurosurg 61 1984 581 585
    • (1984) J Neurosurg , vol.61 , pp. 581-585
    • Williams, J.M.1    Gomes, F.2    Drudge, O.W.3    Kessler, M.4
  • 241
    • 43449112979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of traumatic brain injury in eastern China, 2004: A prospective large case study
    • X. Wu, J. Hu, L. Zhuo, C. Fu, G. Hui, Y. Wang, W. Yang, L. Teng, S. Lu, and G. Xu Epidemiology of traumatic brain injury in eastern China, 2004: a prospective large case study J Trauma 64 2008 1313 1319
    • (2008) J Trauma , vol.64 , pp. 1313-1319
    • Wu, X.1    Hu, J.2    Zhuo, L.3    Fu, C.4    Hui, G.5    Wang, Y.6    Yang, W.7    Teng, L.8    Lu, S.9    Xu, G.10
  • 242
    • 43249131666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved outcomes from the administration of progesterone for patients with acute severe traumatic brain injury: A randomized controlled trial
    • G. Xiao, J. Wei, W. Yan, W. Wang, and Z. Lu Improved outcomes from the administration of progesterone for patients with acute severe traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial Crit Care 12 2008 R61
    • (2008) Crit Care , vol.12 , pp. 61
    • Xiao, G.1    Wei, J.2    Yan, W.3    Wang, W.4    Lu, Z.5
  • 244
    • 0029761661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of pegorgotein on neurologic outcome of patients with severe head injury: A multicenter, randomized controlled trial
    • B. Young, J.W. Runge, K.S. Waxman, T. Harrington, J. Wilberger, J.P. Muizelaar, A. Boddy, and J.W. Kupiec Effects of pegorgotein on neurologic outcome of patients with severe head injury A multicenter, randomized controlled trial JAMA 276 1996 538 543
    • (1996) JAMA , vol.276 , pp. 538-543
    • Young, B.1    Runge, J.W.2    Waxman, K.S.3    Harrington, T.4    Wilberger, J.5    Muizelaar, J.P.6    Boddy, A.7    Kupiec, J.W.8
  • 245
    • 0035089696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Traumatic brain injury outcome: Concepts for emergency care
    • B.J. Zink Traumatic brain injury outcome: concepts for emergency care Ann Emerg Med 37 2001 318 332
    • (2001) Ann Emerg Med , vol.37 , pp. 318-332
    • Zink, B.J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.