A pilot study of an online cognitive rehabilitation program for executive function skills in children with cancer-related brain injury

Brain Injury

Volumn 25, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 101-112

  Kesler, Shelli R ^a,b   Lacayo, Norman J ^b,c   Jo, Booil ^a  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b STANFORD CANCER INSTITUTE   (United States)

^c LUCILE PACKARD CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

Brain tumour; Cancer; Children; Cognitive rehabilitation; Functional MRI; Leukaemia

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; BRAIN INJURY; BRAIN TUMOR; CHILD; CHILDHOOD CANCER; CHILDHOOD LEUKEMIA; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COGNITIVE REHABILITATION; COMPUTER; CURRICULUM; DECLARATIVE MEMORY; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; NEUROIMAGING; PILOT STUDY; PSYCHOMETRY; RISK FACTOR; VISUAL MEMORY;

EID: 78650221778     PISSN: 02699052     EISSN: 1362301X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2010.536194     Document Type: Article

References (91)

1. Buizer AI, de Sonneville LM, Veerman AJ. Effects of chemotherapy on neurocognitive function in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A critical review of the literature. Pediatric Blood & Cancer 2009;52:447-454
2. Palmer SL. Neurodevelopmental impact on children treated for medulloblastoma: A review and proposed conceptual model. Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews 2008;14:203-210
3. Kadan-Lottick NS, Brouwers P, Breiger D, Kaleita T, Dziura J, Northrup V, Chen L, Nicoletti M, Bostrom B, Stork L, et al., Comparison of neurocognitive functioning in children previously randomly assigned to intrathecal methotrexate compared with triple intrathecal therapy for the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2009
4. Qiu D, Leung LHT, Kwong DLW, Chan GCF, Khong P-L. Mapping radiation dose distribution on the fractional anisotropy map: Applications in the assessment of treatmentinduced white matter injury. NeuroImage 2006;31:109-115
5. Dellani PR, Eder S, Gawehn J, Vucurevic G, Fellgiebel A, Muller MJ, Schmidberger H, Stoeter P, Gutjahr P. Late structural alterations of cerebral white matter in long-term survivors of childhood leukemia. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 2008;27:1250-1205
6. Waldrop SM, Davis PC, Padgett CA, Shapiro MB, Morris R. Treatment of brain tumors in children is associated with abnormal MR spectroscopic ratios in brain tissue remote from the tumor site. AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology 1998;19:963-970
7. Khong PL, Kwong DL, Chan GC, Sham JS, Chan FL, Ooi GC. Diffusion-tensor imaging for the detection and quantification of treatment-induced white matter injury in children with medulloblastoma: A pilot study. AJNR American Journal of Neuroradiology 2003;24:734-740
8. Dietrich J, Han R, Yang Y, Mayer-Proschel M, Noble M. CNS progenitor cells and oligodendrocytes are targets of chemotherapeutic agents in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Biology 2006;5:22
9. Seigers R, Schagen SB, Coppens CM, van der Most PJ, van Dam FS, Koolhaas JM, Buwalda B. Methotrexate decreases hippocampal cell proliferation and induces memory deficits in rats. Behavourial Brain Research 2009;201:279-284
10. Ficek K, Blamek S, Sygula D, Miszczyk L, Sonta-Jakimczyk D, Tarnawski R. Evaluation of the late effects of CNS prophylactic treatment in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Acta Neurochirurgica Supplement 2010;106:195-197
11. Wei CW, Guo G, Mikulis DJ. Tumor effects on cerebral white matter as characterized by diffusion tensor tractography. The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 2007;34: 62-68
12. Aukema EJ, Caan MW, Oudhuis N, Majoie CB, Vos FM, Reneman L, Last BF, Grootenhuis MA, Schouten-van Meeteren AY. White matter fractional anisotropy correlates with speed of processing and motor speed in young childhood cancer survivors. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics 2009;74:837-843
13. Fuss M, Wenz F, Scholdei R, Essig M, Debus J, Knopp MV, Wannenmacher M. Radiation-induced regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) changes in normal brain and lowgrade astrocytomas: Quantification and time and dosedependent occurrence. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics 2000;48:53-58
14. Mulhern RK, White HA, Glass JO, Kun LE, Leigh L, Thompson SJ, Reddick WE. Attentional functioning and white matter integrity among survivors of malignant brain tumors of childhood. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS 2004;10:180-189
15. Shan ZY, Liu JZ, Glass JO, Gajjar A, Li CS, Reddick WE. Quantitative morphologic evaluation of white matter in survivors of childhood medulloblastoma. Magnetic Resonance Imaging 2006;24:1015-1022
16. Paakko E, Harila-Saari A, Vanionpaa L, Himanen S, Pyhtinen J, Lanning M. White matter changes on MRI during treatment in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Correlation with neuropsychological findings. Medical & Pediatric Oncology 2000;35:456-461
17. Paakko E, Lehtinen S, Harila-Saari A, Ahonen A, Jauhiainen J, Torniainen P, Pyhtinen J, Lanning M. Perfusion MRI and SPECT of brain after treatment for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Medical & Pediatric Oncology 2003;40:88-92
18. Schonberg T, Pianka P, Hendler T, Pasternak O, Assaf Y. Characterization of displaced white matter by brain tumors using combined DTI and fMRI. NeuroImage 2006;30: 1100-1111
19. Zou P, Mulhern RK, Butler RW, Li CS, Langston JW, Ogg RJ. BOLD responses to visual stimulation in survivors of childhood cancer. Neuroimage 2005;24:61-69
20. Morris J. Cognitive rehabilitation: Where we are and what is on the horizon. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America 2007;18:27-42
21. Laatsch L, Harrington D, Hotz G, Marcantuono J, Mozzoni MP, Walsh V, Hersey KP. An evidence-based review of cognitive and behavioral rehabilitation treatment studies in children with acquired brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 2007;22:248-256
22. Klingberg T, Fernell E, Olesen PJ, Johnson M, Gustafsson P, Dahlstrom K, Gillberg CG, Forssberg H, Westerberg H. Computerized training of working memory in children with ADHD-a randomized, controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 2005;44:177-186
23. Keller TA, Just MA. Altering cortical connectivity: Remediation-induced changes in the white matter of poor readers. Neuron 2009;64:624-631
24. Butler RW, Copeland DR, Fairclough DL, Mulhern RK, Katz ER, Kazak AE, Noll RB, Patel SK, Sahler OJ. A multicenter, randomized clinical trial of a cognitive remediation program for childhood survivors of a pediatric malignancy. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology 2008;76: 367-378
25. Campbell LK, Scaduto M, Van Slyke D, Niarhos F, Whitlock JA, Compas BE. Executive function, coping, and behavior in survivors of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. J Pediatr Psychol, 2009;34:317-327
26. Carey ME, Haut MW, Reminger SL, Hutter JJ, Theilmann R, Kaemingk KL. Reduced frontal white matter volume in long-term childhood leukemia survivors: A voxelbased morphometry study. AJNR American Journal of Neuroradiology 2008;29:792-797
27. Powell KB, Voeller KK. Prefrontal executive function syndromes in children. Journal of Child Neurology 2004;19: 785-797
28. Rende B. Cognitive flexibility: Theory, assessment, and treatment. Seminars in Speech & Language 2000;21: 121-132; quiz 133
29. Repovs G, Baddeley A. The multi-component model of working memory: Explorations in experimental cognitive psychology. Neuroscience 2006;139:5-21
30. Geurts HM, Corbett B, Solomon M. The paradox of cognitive flexibility in autism. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 2009;13:74-82
31. Levin HS, Hanten G. Executive functions after traumatic brain injury in children. Pediatric Neurology 2005;33:79-93
32. Nelson CJ, Nandy N, Roth AJ. Chemotherapy and cognitive deficits: Mechanisms, findings, and potential interventions. Palliative & Supportive Care 2007;5:273-280
33. Hong D, Scaletta Kent J, Kesler S. Cognitive profile of Turner syndrome. Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews 2009;15:270-278
34. Woods SP, Weinborn M, Posada C, OGrady J. Preliminary evidence for impaired rapid verb generation in schizophrenia. Brain Language 2007;102:46-51
35. Thorell LB, Lindqvist S, Bergman Nutley S, Bohlin G, Klingberg T. Training and transfer effects of executive functions in preschool children. Developmental Sciences 2009;12:106-113
36. Bergquist T, Gehl C, Mandrekar J, Lepore S, Hanna S, Osten A, Beaulieu W. The effect of internet-based cognitive rehabilitation in persons with memory impairments after severe traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury 2009;23: 790-799
37. Gontkovsky ST, McDonald NB, Clark PG, Ruwe WD. Current directions in computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation. NeuroRehabilitation 2002;17:195-199
38. Meeske KA, Siegel SE, Globe DR, Mack WJ, Bernstein L. Prevalence and correlates of fatigue in long-term survivors of childhood leukemia. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2005;23: 5501-5510
39. Pelletier G, Verhoef MJ, Khatri N, Hagen N. Quality of life in brain tumor patients: The relative contributions of depression, fatigue, emotional distress, and existential issues. Journal of Neurooncology 2002;57:41-49
40. Butler RW, Copeland DR. Attentional processes and their remediation in children treated for cancer: A literature review and the development of a therapeutic approach. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 2002;8: 115-124
41. Butler RW, Haser JK. Neurocognitive effects of treatment for childhood cancer. Mental Retardation & Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews 2006;12:184-191
42. Laatsch LK, Thulborn KR, Krisky CM, Shobat DM, Sweeney JA. Investigating the neurobiological basis of cognitive rehabilitation therapy with fMRI. Brain Injury 2004;18:957-974
43. Laatsch L. The use of functional MRI in traumatic brain injury diagnosis and treatment. Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Clinics of North America 2007;18:69-85; vi
44. Miotto EC, Savage CR, Evans JJ, Wilson BA, Martins MG, Iaki S, Amaro E Jr. Bilateral activation of the prefrontal cortex after strategic semantic cognitive training. Human Brain Mapping 2006;27:288-295
45. Laatsch L, Krisky C. Changes in fMRI activation following rehabilitation of reading and visual processing deficits in subjects with traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury 2006;20: 1367-1375
46. Westerberg H, Klingberg T. Changes in cortical activity after training of working memory-a single-subject analysis. Physiology & Behaviour 2007;92:186-192
47. Tomasi D, Ernst T, Caparelli EC, Chang L. Practiceinduced changes of brain function during visual attention: A parametric fMRI study at 4 Tesla. Neuroimage 2004;23: 1414-1421
48. Olesen PJ, Westerberg H, Klingberg T. Increased prefrontal and parietal activity after training of working memory. Nature Neuroscience 2004;7:75-79
49. Wechsler D. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. 4th ed. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation; 2003
50. Kavale K, Holdnack J, Mostert M. Responsiveness to intervention and the identification of specific learning disability: A critique and alternative proposal. Learning Disability Quarterly 2005;28:2-16
51. Steinbach JP, Blaicher HP, Herrlinger U, Wick W, NÑgele T, Meyermann R, Tatagiba M, Bamberg M, Dichgans J, Karnath HO, et al. Surviving glioblastoma for more than 5 years: The patients perspective. Neurology 2006;66:239-242
52. Glover GH, Lai S. Self-navigated spiral fMRI: Interleaved versus single-shot. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 1998;39:361-368
53. Bujoreanu IS, Willis WG. Developmental and neuropsychological perspectives on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in children. Developmental Neuropsychology 2008;33: 584-600
54. Lie CH, Specht K, Marshall JC, Fink GR. Using fMRI to decompose the neural processes underlying the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Neuroimage 2006;30:1038-1049
55. Monchi O, Petrides M, Petre V, Worsley K, Dagher A. Wisconsin Card Sorting revisited: Distinct neural circuits participating in different stages of the task identified by eventrelated functional magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of Neuroscience 2001;21:7733-7741
56. Hardy J, Scanlon M. The science behind lumosity. 2009. Available online at: http://www.lumosity.com/documents/ the-science-behind-lumosity.pdf, accessed 08/21/2008
57. Bangirana P, Giordani B, John CC, Page C, Opoka RO, Boivin MJ. Immediate neuropsychological and behavioral benefits of computerized cognitive rehabilitation in Ugandan pediatric cerebral malaria survivors. Journal of Developmental & Behavioural Pediatrics 2009;30:310-318
58. Shalev L, Tsal Y, Mevorach C. Computerized progressive attentional training (CPAT) program: Effective direct intervention for children with ADHD. Child Neuropsychology 2007;13:382-388
59. Klingberg T, Forssberg H, Westerberg H. Training of working memory in children with ADHD. Journal of Clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology 2002;24:781-791
60. McDermott JM, Perez-Edgar K, Fox NA. Variations of the flanker paradigm: Assessing selective attention in young children. Behaviour Research Methods 2007;39:62-70
61. Hyafil A, Summerfield C, Koechlin E. Two mechanisms for task switching in the prefrontal cortex. Journal of Neuroscience 2009;29:5135-5142
62. Friston KJ. Commentary and opinion: II. Statistical parametric mapping: Ontology and current issues. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 1995;15:361-370
63. Mazaika P. ArtRepair. Available online at: http://cibsr.stanford. edu, accessed 05/12/2008
64. Mazaika P, Whitfield-Gabrielli S, Reiss AL. Aritfact repair for fMRI data from high motion clinical subjects. Poster presented at Organization for Human Brain Mapping Meeting. 2007, Chicago, IL
65. Genovese CR, Lazar NA, Nichols T. Thresholding of statistical maps in functional neuroimaging using the false discovery rate. Neuroimage 2002;15:870-878
66. Tzourio-Mazoyer N, Landeau B, Papathanassiou D, Crivello F, Etard O, Delcroix N, Mazoyer B, Joliot M. Automated anatomical labeling of activations in SPM using a macroscopic anatomical parcellation of the MNI MRI single-subject brain. Neuroimage 2002;15:273-289
67. Whitfield-Gabrieli S. REX Toolbox. Available online at: http://web.mit.edu/swg/software.htm, accessed 05/16/2008
68. Diggle PJ, Liang KY, Zeger SL. The analysis of longitudinal data. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1994
69. Laird MN, Ware JH. Random-effects models for longitudinal data. Biometrics 1982;38:963-974
70. Raudenbush SW, Bryk AS. Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 2002
71. Little RJA, Rubin DB. Statistical analysis with missing data. New York: Wiley; 2002
72. Kesler SR, Hopkins RO, Blatter DD, Edge-Booth H, Bigler ED. Verbal memory deficits associated with fornix atrophy in carbon monoxide poisoning. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 2001;7:640-646
73. Maassen GH. The standard error in the Jacobson and Truax Reliable Change Index: The classical approach to the assessment of reliable change. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 2004;10:888-893
74. Jacobson NS, Truax P. Clinical significance: A statistical approach to defining meaningful change in psychotherapy research. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology 1991;59:12-19
75. Bauer S, Lambert MJ, Nielsen SL. Clinical significance methods: A comparison of statistical techniques. Journal of Personality Assessment 2004;82:60-70
76. Mulhern RK, Butler RW. Neurocognitive sequelae of childhood cancers and their treatment. Pediatric Rehabilitation 2004;7:1-14; discussion 15-16
77. Mabbott DJ, Spiegler BJ, Greenberg ML, Rutka JT, Hyder DJ, Bouffet E. Serial evaluation of academic and behavioral outcome after treatment with cranial radiation in childhood. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2005;23:2256-2263
78. Harila MJ, Winqvist S, Lanning M, Bloigu R, Harila-Saari AH. Progressive neurocognitive impairment in young adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatric Blood & Cancer 2009;53:156-161
79. Fry AF, Hale S. Processing speed, eorking memory, and fluid intelligence: Evidence for a developmental cascade. Psychological Science 1996;7:237-241
80. Klingberg T. Development of a superior frontal-intraparietal network for visuo-spatial working memory. Neuropsychologia 2006;44:2171-2177
81. Palmer SL, Gajjar A, Reddick WE, Glass JO, Kun LE, Wu S, Xiong X, Mulhern RK. Predicting intellectual outcome among children treated with 35-40 Gy craniospinal irradiation for medulloblastoma. Neuropsychology 2003;17:548-555
82. Crone EA, Donohue SE, Honomichl R, Wendelken C, Bunge SA. Brain regions mediating flexible rule use during development. Journal of Neuroscience 2006;26: 11239-11247
83. Turken A, Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Bammer R, Baldo JV, Dronkers NF, Gabrieli JD. Cognitive processing speed and the structure of white matter pathways: Convergent evidence from normal variation and lesion studies. Neuroimage 2008;42:1032-1044
84. Dux PE, Tombu MN, Harrison S, Rogers BP, Tong F, Marois R. Training improves multitasking performance by increasing the speed of information processing in human prefrontal cortex. Neuron 2009;63:127-138
85. Moucha R, Kilgard MP. Cortical plasticity and rehabilitation. Progress in Brain Research 2006;157:111-122
86. Kelly C, Foxe JJ, Garavan H. Patterns of normal human brain plasticity after practice and their implications for neurorehabilitation. Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 2006;87:20-29
87. Poldrack RA. Imaging brain plasticity: Conceptual and methodological issues-a theoretical review. Neuroimage 2000;12:1-13
88. Klingberg T. Training and plasticity of working memory. Trends in Cognitive Science 2010;14:317-324
89. McNab F, Varrone A, Farde L, Jucaite A, Bystritsky P, Forssberg H, Klingberg T. Changes in cortical dopamine D1 receptor binding associated with cognitive training. Science 2009;323:800-802
90. Aron AR, Gluck MA, Poldrack RA. Long-term test-retest reliability of functional MRI in a classification learning task. Neuroimage 2006;9:1000-1006
91. Nyhus E, Barcelo F. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and the cognitive assessment of prefrontal executive functions: A critical update. Brain Cognition 2009;71:437-451.