메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 17, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 17-31

Expanding northward: Influence of climate change, forest connectivity, and population processes on a threatened species' range shift

Author keywords

Canada; Climate change; Establishment and immigration; Forest connectivity; Forest cover; Ontario; Range change; Spatial regression; Species at risk; Zero inflated Poisson regression

Indexed keywords

BIRD; BREEDING POPULATION; CLIMATE CHANGE; CLIMATE EFFECT; ECOLOGICAL IMPACT; FOREST COVER; IMMIGRATION; MORTALITY RISK; NESTING BEHAVIOR; POISSON RATIO; RANGE EXPANSION; REGRESSION ANALYSIS;

EID: 78649795418     PISSN: 13541013     EISSN: 13652486     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02214.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (72)

References (84)
  • 1
    • 0037202447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial prediction of species distribution
    • an interface between ecological theory and statistical modelling.
    • Austin MP (2002) Spatial prediction of species distribution: an interface between ecological theory and statistical modelling. Ecological Modelling, 157, 101-118.
    • (2002) Ecological Modelling , vol.157 , pp. 101-118
    • Austin, M.P.1
  • 2
    • 0030236493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current approaches to modelling the environmental niche of Eucalypts
    • implications for management of forest biodiversity.
    • Austin MP, Meyers AJ (1996) Current approaches to modelling the environmental niche of Eucalypts: implications for management of forest biodiversity. Forest Ecology and Management, 85, 95-106.
    • (1996) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.85 , pp. 95-106
    • Austin, M.P.1    Meyers, A.J.2
  • 3
    • 33745997653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Independent effects of fragmentation on forest songbirds
    • an organism-based approach.
    • Betts MG, Forbes GJ, Diamond AW, Taylor PD (2006) Independent effects of fragmentation on forest songbirds: an organism-based approach. Ecological Applications, 16, 1076-1089.
    • (2006) Ecological Applications , vol.16 , pp. 1076-1089
    • Betts, M.G.1    Forbes, G.J.2    Diamond, A.W.3    Taylor, P.D.4
  • 4
    • 67649921143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comment on "Methods to account for spatial autocorrelation in the analysis of species distributional data: a review"
    • Betts MG, Ganio LM, Huso MMP, Som NA, Huettmann F, Bowman J, Wintle BA (2009) Comment on "Methods to account for spatial autocorrelation in the analysis of species distributional data: a review". Ecography, 32, 374-378.
    • (2009) Ecography , vol.32 , pp. 374-378
    • Betts, M.G.1    Ganio, L.M.2    Huso, M.M.P.3    Som, N.A.4    Huettmann, F.5    Bowman, J.6    Wintle, B.A.7
  • 10
    • 0003576417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Model Selection and Multi-Model Inference: A Practical Information-Theoretic Approach
    • Springer, New York.
    • Burnham KP, Anderson DR (2002) Model Selection and Multi-Model Inference: A Practical Information-Theoretic Approach. Springer, New York.
    • (2002)
    • Burnham, K.P.1    Anderson, D.R.2
  • 11
    • 0003796507 scopus 로고
    • Atlas of the Breeding Birds of Ontario
    • University of Waterloo Press, Waterloo, ON.
    • Cadman MD, Eagles PFJ, Helleiner FM (1987) Atlas of the Breeding Birds of Ontario. University of Waterloo Press, Waterloo, ON.
    • (1987)
    • Cadman, M.D.1    Eagles, P.F.J.2    Helleiner, F.M.3
  • 12
    • 0034610815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic biogeography and conservation of endangered species
    • Channell R, Lomolino MV (2000) Dynamic biogeography and conservation of endangered species. Nature, 403, 84-86.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.403 , pp. 84-86
    • Channell, R.1    Lomolino, M.V.2
  • 13
    • 0003576338 scopus 로고
    • Spatial Processes: Models and Applications
    • Pion, London.
    • Cliff AD, Ord JK (1981) Spatial Processes: Models and Applications. Pion, London.
    • (1981)
    • Cliff, A.D.1    Ord, J.K.2
  • 14
    • 0003548569 scopus 로고
    • Statistics for Spatial Data
    • John Wiley & Sons, New York.
    • Cressie NAC (1993) Statistics for Spatial Data. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
    • (1993)
    • Cressie, N.A.C.1
  • 15
    • 0032546016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Making mistakes when predicting shifts in species range in response to global warming
    • Davis AJ, Jenkinson LS, Lawton JH, Shorrocks B, Wood S (1998) Making mistakes when predicting shifts in species range in response to global warming. Nature, 391, 783-786.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.391 , pp. 783-786
    • Davis, A.J.1    Jenkinson, L.S.2    Lawton, J.H.3    Shorrocks, B.4    Wood, S.5
  • 16
    • 51549121398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial analysis improves species distribution modelling during range expansion
    • De Marco P, Diniz JAF, Bini LM (2008) Spatial analysis improves species distribution modelling during range expansion. Biology Letters, 4, 577-580.
    • (2008) Biology Letters , vol.4 , pp. 577-580
    • De Marco, P.1    Diniz, J.A.F.2    Bini, L.M.3
  • 17
    • 0037119594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Public information and breeding habitat selection in a wild bird population
    • Doligez B, Danchin E, Clobert J (2002) Public information and breeding habitat selection in a wild bird population. Science, 297, 1168-1170.
    • (2002) Science , vol.297 , pp. 1168-1170
    • Doligez, B.1    Danchin, E.2    Clobert, J.3
  • 18
    • 67649933610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response to Comment on "Methods to account for spatial autocorrelation in the analysis of species distributional data: a review"
    • Dormann CF (2009) Response to Comment on "Methods to account for spatial autocorrelation in the analysis of species distributional data: a review". Ecography, 32, 379-381.
    • (2009) Ecography , vol.32 , pp. 379-381
    • Dormann, C.F.1
  • 19
    • 0032808966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of landscape structure on nesting songbird distribution in a harvested boreal forest
    • Drolet B, Desrochers A, Fortin M-J (1999) Effects of landscape structure on nesting songbird distribution in a harvested boreal forest. The Condor, 101, 699-704.
    • (1999) The Condor , vol.101 , pp. 699-704
    • Drolet, B.1    Desrochers, A.2    Fortin, M.3
  • 20
    • 26244443526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Matrix matters
    • effects of surrounding land uses on forest birds near Ottawa, Canada.
    • Dunford W, Freemark K (2005) Matrix matters: effects of surrounding land uses on forest birds near Ottawa, Canada. Landscape Ecology, 20, 497-511.
    • (2005) Landscape Ecology , vol.20 , pp. 497-511
    • Dunford, W.1    Freemark, K.2
  • 22
    • 78649779597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environment Canada, Canadian Wildlife Service Recovery strategy for the Acadian Flycatcher (Empidonax virescens) and the Hooded Warbler (Wilsonia citrina) in Canada [Proposed]. Species at Risk Act Recovery Strategy Series. Queen's Printer for Ontario, Ottawa.
    • Environment Canada, Canadian Wildlife Service (2006) Recovery strategy for the Acadian Flycatcher (Empidonax virescens) and the Hooded Warbler (Wilsonia citrina) in Canada [Proposed]. Species at Risk Act Recovery Strategy Series. Queen's Printer for Ontario, Ottawa.
    • (2006)
  • 23
    • 32144462084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Confounding factors in the detection of species responses to habitat fragmentation
    • Ewers RM, Didham RK (2006) Confounding factors in the detection of species responses to habitat fragmentation. Biological Reviews, 81, 117-142.
    • (2006) Biological Reviews , vol.81 , pp. 117-142
    • Ewers, R.M.1    Didham, R.K.2
  • 25
    • 0030953391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of methods for the assessment of prediction errors in conservation presence/absence models
    • Fielding AH, Bell JF (1997) A review of methods for the assessment of prediction errors in conservation presence/absence models. Environmental Conservation, 24, 38-49.
    • (1997) Environmental Conservation , vol.24 , pp. 38-49
    • Fielding, A.H.1    Bell, J.F.2
  • 26
    • 0024900458 scopus 로고
    • Spatial autocorrelation and sampling design in plant ecology
    • Fortin M-J, Drapeau P, Legendre P (1989) Spatial autocorrelation and sampling design in plant ecology. Vegetatio, 83, 209-222.
    • (1989) Vegetatio , vol.83 , pp. 209-222
    • Fortin, M.1    Drapeau, P.2    Legendre, P.3
  • 27
    • 13444274881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Species' geographic ranges and distributional limits
    • pattern analysis and statistical issues.
    • Fortin M-J, Keitt TH, Maurer BA, Taper ML, Kaufman DM, Blackburn TM (2005) Species' geographic ranges and distributional limits: pattern analysis and statistical issues. Oikos, 108, 7-17.
    • (2005) Oikos , vol.108 , pp. 7-17
    • Fortin, M.1    Keitt, T.H.2    Maurer, B.A.3    Taper, M.L.4    Kaufman, D.M.5    Blackburn, T.M.6
  • 28
    • 73549117299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Real World Ecology: Large-scale and Long-term Case Studies and Methods
    • conceptual and statistical challenges. In: (eds, Miao S, Carsten S, Nungesser M) Springer, New York.
    • Fortin M-J, Melles SJ (2009) Avian spatial responses to forest spatial heterogeneity at the landscape level: conceptual and statistical challenges. In: Real World Ecology: Large-scale and Long-term Case Studies and Methods (eds Miao S, Carsten S, Nungesser M), pp. 137-160. Springer, New York.
    • (2009) Avian spatial responses to forest spatial heterogeneity at the landscape level , pp. 137-160
    • Fortin, M.1    Melles, S.J.2
  • 29
    • 0004187058 scopus 로고
    • Ecology and Conservation of Neotropical Migrant Landbirds
    • In: (eds, Hagan J, Johnston D) Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC.
    • Freemark K, Collins B (1992) Landscape ecology of birds breeding in temperate forest fragments. In: Ecology and Conservation of Neotropical Migrant Landbirds (eds Hagan J, Johnston D), pp. 443-454. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC.
    • (1992) Landscape ecology of birds breeding in temperate forest fragments , pp. 443-454
    • Freemark, K.1    Collins, B.2
  • 30
    • 0038202700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Structure and Dynamics of Geographic Ranges
    • Oxford University Press, New York.
    • Gaston KJ (2003) The Structure and Dynamics of Geographic Ranges. Oxford University Press, New York.
    • (2003)
    • Gaston, K.J.1
  • 31
    • 0027099304 scopus 로고
    • What is spatial autocorrelation? Reflections on the past 25 years of spatial statistics
    • Griffith DA (1992) What is spatial autocorrelation? Reflections on the past 25 years of spatial statistics. l'Espace Géographique, 21, 265-280.
    • (1992) l'Espace Géographique , vol.21 , pp. 265-280
    • Griffith, D.A.1
  • 34
    • 0043082218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the evolutionary ecology of species' ranges
    • Holt RD (2003) On the evolutionary ecology of species' ranges. Evolutionary Ecology Research, 5, 159-178.
    • (2003) Evolutionary Ecology Research , vol.5 , pp. 159-178
    • Holt, R.D.1
  • 35
    • 68549098149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate-driven changes in abundance and distribution of larvae of oceanic fishes in the southern California region
    • Hsieh C-H, Kim HJ, Watson W, Di Lorenzo E, Sugihara G (2009) Climate-driven changes in abundance and distribution of larvae of oceanic fishes in the southern California region. Global Change Biology, 15, 2137-2152.
    • (2009) Global Change Biology , vol.15 , pp. 2137-2152
    • Hsieh, C.1    Kim, H.J.2    Watson, W.3    Di Lorenzo, E.4    Sugihara, G.5
  • 36
    • 0034144294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological consequences of global warming
    • is the signal already apparent?
    • Hughes L (2000) Biological consequences of global warming: is the signal already apparent? Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 15, 56-61.
    • (2000) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.15 , pp. 56-61
    • Hughes, L.1
  • 37
    • 78649789172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • pscl: Classes and Methods for R developed in the Political Science Computational Laboratory, Stanford University. Department of Political Science, Stanford University. Stanford, California. Available at, accessed October 2006).
    • Jackman S (2006) pscl: Classes and Methods for R developed in the Political Science Computational Laboratory, Stanford University. Department of Political Science, Stanford University. Stanford, California. Available at: (accessed October 2006).
    • (2006)
    • Jackman, S.1
  • 40
    • 0345500190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applications of GIS to the Modeling of Non-point Source Pollutants in the Vadose Zone
    • tools for advanced spatial modeling in GIS. In: (eds, Corwin DL, Loague K) Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI.
    • Journel AG (1996) Geostatistics: tools for advanced spatial modeling in GIS. In: Applications of GIS to the Modeling of Non-point Source Pollutants in the Vadose Zone (eds Corwin DL, Loague K), pp. 39-55. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI.
    • (1996) Geostatistics , pp. 39-55
    • Journel, A.G.1
  • 41
    • 33749498068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Habitat, environment and niche
    • Oikos,
    • Kearney M (2006) Habitat, environment and niche: what are we modelling? Oikos, 115, 186-191.
    • (2006) what are we modelling? , vol.115 , pp. 186-191
    • Kearney, M.1
  • 42
    • 51549090248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting extinction risks under climate change
    • coupling stochastic population models with dynamic bioclimatic habitat models.
    • Keith DA, Akcakaya HR, Thuiller W et al. (2008) Predicting extinction risks under climate change: coupling stochastic population models with dynamic bioclimatic habitat models. Biology Letters, 4, 560-563.
    • (2008) Biology Letters , vol.4 , pp. 560-563
    • Keith, D.A.1    Akcakaya, H.R.2    Thuiller, W.3
  • 43
    • 0035117132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allee effects, invasion pinning, and species' borders
    • Keitt TH, Lewis MA, Holt RD (2001) Allee effects, invasion pinning, and species' borders. American Naturalist, 157, 203-216.
    • (2001) American Naturalist , vol.157 , pp. 203-216
    • Keitt, T.H.1    Lewis, M.A.2    Holt, R.D.3
  • 44
    • 63849101815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ecology of climate change and infectious diseases
    • Lafferty KD (2009) The ecology of climate change and infectious diseases. Ecology, 90, 888-900.
    • (2009) Ecology , vol.90 , pp. 888-900
    • Lafferty, K.D.1
  • 45
    • 33845494068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Semiparametric analysis of zero-inflated count data
    • Lam KF, Xue HQ, Cheung YB (2006) Semiparametric analysis of zero-inflated count data. Biometrics, 62, 996-1003.
    • (2006) Biometrics , vol.62 , pp. 996-1003
    • Lam, K.F.1    Xue, H.Q.2    Cheung, Y.B.3
  • 46
    • 0026821975 scopus 로고
    • Zero-Inflated Poisson Regression, with an application to defects in manufacturing
    • Lambert D (1992) Zero-Inflated Poisson Regression, with an application to defects in manufacturing. Technometrics, 34, 1-14.
    • (1992) Technometrics , vol.34 , pp. 1-14
    • Lambert, D.1
  • 47
    • 56349109041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid range expansion and community reorganization in response to warming
    • Le Roux PC, McGeoch MA (2008) Rapid range expansion and community reorganization in response to warming. Global Change Biology, 14, 2950-2962.
    • (2008) Global Change Biology , vol.14 , pp. 2950-2962
    • Le Roux, P.C.1    McGeoch, M.A.2
  • 48
    • 27444435432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zero tolerance ecology
    • improving ecological inference by modelling the source of zero observations.
    • Martin TG, Wintle BA, Rhodes JR et al. (2005) Zero tolerance ecology: improving ecological inference by modelling the source of zero observations. Ecology Letters, 8, 1235-1246.
    • (2005) Ecology Letters , vol.8 , pp. 1235-1246
    • Martin, T.G.1    Wintle, B.A.2    Rhodes, J.R.3
  • 49
    • 33746577189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atlas of Climate Change Effects in 150 Bird Species of the Eastern United States
    • USDA Forest Service, Radnor, PA.
    • Matthews S, O'Connor R, Iverson LR, Prasad AM (2004) Atlas of Climate Change Effects in 150 Bird Species of the Eastern United States. USDA Forest Service, Radnor, PA.
    • (2004)
    • Matthews, S.1    O'Connor, R.2    Iverson, L.R.3    Prasad, A.M.4
  • 50
    • 0036557499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative evaluation of experimental approaches to the study of habitat fragmentation effects
    • McGarigal K, Cushman SA (2002) Comparative evaluation of experimental approaches to the study of habitat fragmentation effects. Ecological Applications, 12, 335-345.
    • (2002) Ecological Applications , vol.12 , pp. 335-345
    • McGarigal, K.1    Cushman, S.A.2
  • 51
    • 0028976001 scopus 로고
    • Relationships between landscape structure and breeding birds in the Oregon coast range
    • McGarigal K, McComb WC (1995) Relationships between landscape structure and breeding birds in the Oregon coast range. Ecological Monographs, 65, 235-260.
    • (1995) Ecological Monographs , vol.65 , pp. 235-260
    • McGarigal, K.1    McComb, W.C.2
  • 52
    • 78649771939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of Forest Connectivity, Habitat Availability, and Intraspecific Biotic Processes on Range Expansion: Hooded Warbler (Wilsonia citrina) as a Model Species. PhD Thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto.
    • Melles SJ (2007) Effects of Forest Connectivity, Habitat Availability, and Intraspecific Biotic Processes on Range Expansion: Hooded Warbler (Wilsonia citrina) as a Model Species. PhD Thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto.
    • (2007)
    • Melles, S.J.1
  • 54
    • 0002725388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of habitat abundance and fragmentation on northern spotted owls in western Oregon
    • Meyer JS, Irwin LL, Boyce MS (1998) Influence of habitat abundance and fragmentation on northern spotted owls in western Oregon. Wildlife Monographs, 139, 5-51.
    • (1998) Wildlife Monographs , vol.139 , pp. 5-51
    • Meyer, J.S.1    Irwin, L.L.2    Boyce, M.S.3
  • 56
    • 24744439697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How useful is the concept of habitat? A critique
    • Mitchell SC (2005) How useful is the concept of habitat? A critique. Oikos, 110, 634-638.
    • (2005) Oikos , vol.110 , pp. 634-638
    • Mitchell, S.C.1
  • 57
    • 0028560527 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of spatial change in the forest component of the rural landscape of southern Ontario
    • Moss MR, Davis LS (1994) Measurement of spatial change in the forest component of the rural landscape of southern Ontario. Applied Geography, 14, 214-231.
    • (1994) Applied Geography , vol.14 , pp. 214-231
    • Moss, M.R.1    Davis, L.S.2
  • 58
    • 78649778780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Norfolk County Orthophotos (). Acquired 24 April 2002 using an RC30 film camera, scale 1:20,000. Norfolk County NGIS Section, ON, Canada.
    • Norfolk County Orthophotos (2002). Acquired 24 April 2002 using an RC30 film camera, scale 1:20, 000. Norfolk County NGIS Section, ON, Canada.
    • (2002)
  • 59
    • 0036091949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual differences in gap-crossing ability of a forest songbird in a fragmented landscape revealed through radio-tracking
    • Norris DR, Stutchbury BJM (2002) Sexual differences in gap-crossing ability of a forest songbird in a fragmented landscape revealed through radio-tracking. Auk, 119, 528-532.
    • (2002) Auk , vol.119 , pp. 528-532
    • Norris, D.R.1    Stutchbury, B.J.M.2
  • 60
    • 1642263452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change meets habitat fragmentation
    • linking landscape and biogeographical scale levels in research and conservation.
    • Opdam P, Wascher D (2004) Climate change meets habitat fragmentation: linking landscape and biogeographical scale levels in research and conservation. Biological Conservation, 117, 285-297.
    • (2004) Biological Conservation , vol.117 , pp. 285-297
    • Opdam, P.1    Wascher, D.2
  • 61
    • 0029738585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate and species' range
    • Parmesan C (1996) Climate and species' range. Nature, 382, 765-766.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.382 , pp. 765-766
    • Parmesan, C.1
  • 63
    • 0033542411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poleward shifts in geographical ranges of butterfly species associated with regional warming
    • Parmesan C, Ryrholm N, Stefanescu C et al. (1999) Poleward shifts in geographical ranges of butterfly species associated with regional warming. Nature, 399, 579-583.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.399 , pp. 579-583
    • Parmesan, C.1    Ryrholm, N.2    Stefanescu, C.3
  • 64
    • 0037413628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems
    • Parmesan C, Yohe G (2003) A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems. Nature, 421, 37-42.
    • (2003) Nature , vol.421 , pp. 37-42
    • Parmesan, C.1    Yohe, G.2
  • 65
    • 63849232785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do rising temperatures matter?
    • Pascual M, Bouma MJ (2009) Do rising temperatures matter? Ecology, 90, 906-912.
    • (2009) Ecology , vol.90 , pp. 906-912
    • Pascual, M.1    Bouma, M.J.2
  • 66
    • 54249110039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating resilience across landscapes
    • Available at:
    • Peterson GD (2002) Estimating resilience across landscapes. Conservation Ecology, 6, Available at:
    • (2002) Conservation Ecology , vol.6
    • Peterson, G.D.1
  • 67
    • 0347087550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecology - clouded futures
    • Pounds JA, Puschendorf R (2004) Ecology - clouded futures. Nature, 427, 107-109.
    • (2004) Nature , vol.427 , pp. 107-109
    • Pounds, J.A.1    Puschendorf, R.2
  • 68
    • 78649799316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R Development Core Team R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna. ISBN 3-900051-07-0. Available at, accessed October 2006).
    • R Development Core Team (2006) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna. ISBN 3-900051-07-0. Available at: (accessed October 2006).
    • (2006)
  • 69
    • 0008934828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PASSAGE. Pattern Analysis, Spatial Statistics, and Geographic Exegesis. Version 1.1.2.3
    • Department of Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe.
    • Rosenberg MS (2001) PASSAGE. Pattern Analysis, Spatial Statistics, and Geographic Exegesis. Version 1.1.2.3. Department of Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe.
    • (2001)
    • Rosenberg, M.S.1
  • 70
    • 0002990972 scopus 로고
    • Observer differences in the North-American breeding bird survey
    • Sauer JR, Peterjohn BG, Link WA (1994) Observer differences in the North-American breeding bird survey. Auk, 111, 50-62.
    • (1994) Auk , vol.111 , pp. 50-62
    • Sauer, J.R.1    Peterjohn, B.G.2    Link, W.A.3
  • 72
    • 34948845055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Will northern fish populations be in hot water because of climate change?
    • Sharma S, Jackson DA, Minns CK, Shuter BJ (2007) Will northern fish populations be in hot water because of climate change? Global Change Biology, 13, 2052-2064.
    • (2007) Global Change Biology , vol.13 , pp. 2052-2064
    • Sharma, S.1    Jackson, D.A.2    Minns, C.K.3    Shuter, B.J.4
  • 73
    • 0028564538 scopus 로고
    • Autocorrelation in logistic regression modelling of species' distributions
    • Smith PA (1994) Autocorrelation in logistic regression modelling of species' distributions. Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters, 4, 47-61.
    • (1994) Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters , vol.4 , pp. 47-61
    • Smith, P.A.1
  • 74
    • 0003610874 scopus 로고
    • Introduction to Percolation Theory
    • Taylor & Francis, Philadelphia.
    • Stauffer D (1985) Introduction to Percolation Theory. Taylor & Francis, Philadelphia.
    • (1985)
    • Stauffer, D.1
  • 76
    • 0033587045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Birds extend their ranges northwards
    • Thomas CD, Lennon JJ (1999) Birds extend their ranges northwards. Nature, 399, 213.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.399 , pp. 213
    • Thomas, C.D.1    Lennon, J.J.2
  • 77
    • 0029729875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of analysis method for breeding bird survey population trend estimates
    • Thomas L, Martin K (1996) The importance of analysis method for breeding bird survey population trend estimates. Conservation Biology, 10, 479-490.
    • (1996) Conservation Biology , vol.10 , pp. 479-490
    • Thomas, L.1    Martin, K.2
  • 78
    • 26044436224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variable effects of climate change on six species of North American birds
    • Torti VM, Dunn PO (2005) Variable effects of climate change on six species of North American birds. Oecologia, 145, 486-495.
    • (2005) Oecologia , vol.145 , pp. 486-495
    • Torti, V.M.1    Dunn, P.O.2
  • 79
    • 0033135211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Independent effects of forest cover and fragmentation on the distribution of forest breeding birds
    • Trzcinski MK, Fahrig L, Merriam G (1999) Independent effects of forest cover and fragmentation on the distribution of forest breeding birds. Ecological Applications, 9, 586-593.
    • (1999) Ecological Applications , vol.9 , pp. 586-593
    • Trzcinski, M.K.1    Fahrig, L.2    Merriam, G.3
  • 80
    • 0344246930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fragmentation effects on forest birds
    • relative influence of woodland cover and configuration on landscape occupancy.
    • Villard MA, Trzcinski MK, Merriam G (1999) Fragmentation effects on forest birds: relative influence of woodland cover and configuration on landscape occupancy. Conservation Biology, 13, 774-783.
    • (1999) Conservation Biology , vol.13 , pp. 774-783
    • Villard, M.A.1    Trzcinski, M.K.2    Merriam, G.3
  • 81
    • 0037187586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological responses to recent climate change
    • Walther GR, Post E, Convey P et al. (2002) Ecological responses to recent climate change. Nature, 416, 389-395.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.416 , pp. 389-395
    • Walther, G.R.1    Post, E.2    Convey, P.3
  • 83
    • 0034951848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of landscape sources and sinks
    • the effect of spatial pattern on avian demography.
    • With KA, King AW (2001) Analysis of landscape sources and sinks: the effect of spatial pattern on avian demography. Biological Conservation, 100, 75-88.
    • (2001) Biological Conservation , vol.100 , pp. 75-88
    • With, K.A.1    King, A.W.2
  • 84
    • 33644794878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The implications of meta-landscape connectivity for population viability in migratory songbirds
    • With KA, Schrott GR, King AW (2006) The implications of meta-landscape connectivity for population viability in migratory songbirds. Landscape Ecology, 21, 157-167.
    • (2006) Landscape Ecology , vol.21 , pp. 157-167
    • With, K.A.1    Schrott, G.R.2    King, A.W.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.