The pain matrix reloaded: A salience detection system for the body

Progress in Neurobiology

Volumn 93, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 111-124

  Legrain, Valéry ^a,b   Iannetti, Gian Domenico ^c   Plaghki, Léon ^b   Mouraux, André ^b  

^a GHENT UNIVERSITY   (Belgium)

^b UNIVERSITÉ CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN   (Belgium)

^c UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Attention; Multimodal; Nociception; Pain; Peripersonal space; Salience

Indexed keywords

ATTENTION; BRAIN REGION; CINGULATE GYRUS; EVENT RELATED POTENTIAL; FRONTAL LOBE; FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; HUMAN; INSULA; NEUROIMAGING; NEUROPHYSIOLOGY; NEUROPSYCHOLOGY; NOCICEPTION; NOCICEPTIVE STIMULATION; PARIETAL LOBE; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SOMATOSENSORY SYSTEM; STIMULUS RESPONSE; THREAT; VISUAL STIMULATION; HISTOLOGY; PAIN; PAIN ASSESSMENT; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PERCEPTION; PHYSIOLOGY; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX; VIOLENCE;

ATTENTION; DANGEROUS BEHAVIOR; HUMANS; PAIN; PAIN MEASUREMENT; PERCEPTION; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX;

EID: 78649782961     PISSN: 03010082     EISSN: 18735118     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2010.10.005     Document Type: Review

References (176)

1. Ackermann H., Riecker A. The contribution of the insula to motor aspects of speech production: a review and a hypothesis. Brain Lang. 2004, 89:320-328.
2. Apkarian A.V., Bushnell M.C., Treede R.D., Zubieta J.K. Human brain mechanisms of pain perception and regulation in health and disease. Eur. J. Pain 2005, 9:463-484.
3. Arendt-Nielsen L. Second pain event related potentials to argon laser stimuli: recording and quantification. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 1990, 53:405-410.
4. Arendt-Nielsen L. Characteristics, detection, and modulation of laser-evoked vertex potentials. Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand. Suppl. 1994, 101:7-44.
5. Arendt-Nielsen L., Chen A.C.N. Lasers and other thermal stimulators for activation of skin nociceptors in humans. Neurophysiol. Clin. 2003, 33:259-268.
6. Augustine J.R. Circuitry and functional aspects of the insular lobe in primates including humans. Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev. 1996, 22:229-244.
7. Avillac M., Denève S., Olivier E., Pouget A., Duhamel J.R. Reference frames for representing visual and tactile locations in parietal cortex. Nat. Neurosci. 2005, 8:941-949.
8. Bamiou D.E., Musiek F.E., Luxon L.M. The insula (Island of Reil) and its role in auditory processing. Literature review. Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev. 2003, 42:143-154.
9. Bastuji H., Perchet C., Legrain V., Montes C., García-Larrea L. Laser evoked responses to painful stimulation persist during sleep and predict subsequent arousals. Pain 2008, 137:589-599.
10. Baumgärtner U., Tiede W., Treede R.D., Craig A.D. Laser-evoked potentials are graded and somatotopically organized anteroposteriorly in the operculoinsular cortex of anesthetized monkeys. J. Neurophysiol. 2006, 96:2802-2808.
11. Becerra L.R., Breiter H.C., Stojanovic M., Fishman S., Edwards A., Comite A.R., Gonzalez R.G., Borsook D. Human brain activation under controlled thermal stimulation and habituation to noxious heat: an fMRI study. Magn. Reson. Med. 1999, 41:1044-1057.
12. Belmonte C., Vianna F. Molecular and cellular limits to somatosensory specificity. Mol. Pain 2008, 4:14.
13. Berthier M., Starkstein S., Leiguarda R. Asymbolia for pain: a sensory-limbic disconnection syndrome. Ann. Neurol. 1988, 24:41-49.
14. Beydoun A., Morrow T.J., Shen J.F., Casey K.L. Variability of laser-evoked potentials: attention, arousal and lateralized differences. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophsyiol. 1993, 88:173-181.
15. Bingel U., Schoell E., Herken W., Büchel C., May A. Habituation to painful stimulation involves the antinociceptive system. Pain 2007, 131:21-30.
16. Boly M., Faymonville M.E., Schnakers C., Peigneux P., Lambermont B., Phillips C., Lancellotti P., Luxen A., Lamy M., Moonen G., Maquet P., Laureys S. Perception of pain in the minimally conscious state with PET activation: an observational study. Lancet Neurol. 2008, 7:1013-1020.
17. Bornhövd K., Quante M., Glauche V., Bromm B., Weiller C., Büchel C. Painful stimuli evoke different stimulus-response functions in the amygdala, prefrontal, insula and somatosensory cortex: a single-trial fMRI study. Brain 2002, 125:1326-1336.
18. Borsook D., Sava S., Becerra L. The pain imaging revolution: advancing pain into the 21st century. Neuroscientist 2010, 16:171-185.
19. Botvinick M.M., Cohen J.D., Carter C.S. Conflict monitoring and anterior cingulate cortex: an update. Trends Cogn. Sci. 2004, 8:539-546.
20. 2 laser stimulation of tiny cutaneous surface areas in man. Neurosci. Lett. 1996, 209:81-84.
21. Bromm B., Neitzel H., Tecklenburg A., Treede R.D. Evoked cerebral potential correlates of C-fiber activity in man. Neurosci. Lett. 1983, 43:109-114.
22. 2 laser stimulation. Hum. Neurobiol. 1984, 3:33-40.
23. 2 laser stimuli causing pain. Exp. Brain Res. 1987, 67:153-162.
24. Brozzoli C., Demattè M.L., Pavani F., Frassinetti F., Farnè A. Neglect and extinction: within and between sensory modalities. Restor. Neurol. Neurosci. 2006, 24:217-232.
25. Büchel C., Bornhövd K., Quante M., Glauche V., Bromm B., Weiller C. Dissociable neural responses related to pain intensity, stimulus intensity, and stimulus awareness within the anterior cingulate cortex: a parametric single-trial laser functional magnetic resonance imaging study. J. Neurosci. 2002, 22:970-976.
26. Bush G., Luu P., Posner M.I. Cognitive and emotional influences in anterior cingulate cortex. Trends Cogn. Sci. 2000, 4:215-222.
27. Bushnell M.C., Duncan G.H., Hofbauer R.K., Ha B., Chen J.I., Carrier B. Pain perception: is there a role for primary somatosensory cortex?. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1999, 96:7705-7709.
28. Bushnell M.C., Apkarian A.V. Representation of pain in the brain. Wall and Melzack's Textbook of Pain 2006, 107-124. Churchill Livingstone, Philadelphia. 5th ed. S.B. McMahon, M. Koltzenburg (Eds.).
29. Carmon A., Dotan Y., Sarne Y. Correlation of subjective pain experience with cerebral evoked responses to noxious thermal stimulations. Exp. Brain Res. 1978, 33:445-453.
30. Castiello U. Mechanisms of selection for the control of hand action. Trends Cogn. Sci. 1999, 3:264-270.
31. Cisek P., Kalaska J.F. Neural mechanisms for interacting with a world full of action choices. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 2010, 33:269-298.
32. Clark J.A., Brown C.A., Jones A.K.P., El-Deredy W. Dissociating nociceptive modulation by the duration of pain anticipation from unpredictability in the timing of pain. Clin. Neurophysiol. 2008, 119:2870-2878.
33. Coghill R.C., Sang C.N., Maisog J.M., Iadarola M.J. Pain intensity processing within the human brain: a bilateral, distributed mechanism. J. Neurophysiol. 1999, 82:1934-1943.
34. Colby C.L., Duhamel J.R., Goldberg M.E. Ventral intraparietal area of the macaque: anatomic location and visual response properties. J. Neurophysiol. 1993, 69:902-914.
35. Colby C.L., Goldberg M.E. Space and attention in parietal cortex. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 1999, 22:319-349.
36. Cooke D.F., Graziano M.S.A. Defensive movements evoked by air puff in monkeys. J. Neurophysiol. 2003, 90:3317-3329.
37. Cooke D.F., Taylor C.S.R., Moore T., Graziano M.S.A. Complex movements evoked by microstimulation of the ventral intraparietal area. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2003, 100:6163-6168.
38. Cooke D.F., Graziano M.S.A. Sensorimotor integration in the precentral gyrus: polysensory neurons and defensive movements. J. Neurophysiol. 2004, 91:1648-1660.
39. Corbetta M., Shulman G.L. Control of goal-directed and stimulus-driven attention in the brain. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2002, 3:201-215.
40. Costantini M., Galati G., Romani G.L., Aglioti S.M. Empathic neural reactivity to noxious stimuli delivered to body parts and non-corporeal objects. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2008, 28:1222-1230.
41. Crombez G., Baeyens F., Eelen P. Sensory and temporal information about impending pain: the influence of predictability on pain. Behav. Res. Ther. 1994, 32:611-622.
42. Crombez G., Eccleston C., Baeyens F., Eelen P. Attentional disruption is enhanced by the threat of pain. Behav. Res. Ther. 1998, 36:195-204.
43. Crombez G., Eccleston C., Baeyens F., Eelen P. When somatic information threatens, catastrophic thinking enhances attention interference. Pain 1998, 75:187-198.
44. Crombez G., Van Damme S., Eccleston C. Hypervigilance to pain: an experimental and clinical analysis. Pain 2005, 116:4-7.
45. Cruccu G., Pennisi E., Truini A., Iannetti G.D., Romaniello A., Le Pera D., De Armas L., Leandri M., Manfredi M., Valeriani M. Unmyelinated trigeminal pathways as assessed by laser stimuli in humans. Brain 2003, 126:2246-2256.
46. Derbyshire S.W., Jones A.K., Gyulai F., Clark S., Townsend D., Firestone L.L. Pain processing during three levels of noxious stimulation produces differential patterns of central activity. Pain 1997, 73:431-445.
47. Desimone R., Duncan J. Neural mechanisms of selective visual attention. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 1995, 18:193-222.
48. Dillmann J., Miltner W.H., Weiss T. The influence of semantic priming on event-related potentials to painful laser-heat stimuli in humans. Neurosci. Lett. 2000, 284:53-56.
49. Dong W.K., Salonen L.D., Kawakami Y., Shiwaku T., Kaukoranta E.M., Martin R.F. Nociceptive responses of trigeminal neurons in SII-7b cortex of awake monkeys. Brain Res. 1989, 484:314-324.
50. Dong W.K., Chudler E.H., Sugiyama K., Roberts V.J., Hayashi T. Somatosensory, multisensory, and task-related neurons in cortical area 7b (PF) of unanesthetized monkeys. J. Neurophysiol. 1994, 72:542-564.
51. Downar J., Crawley A.P., Mikulis D.J., Davis K.D. A multimodal cortical network for the detection of changes in the sensory environment. Nat. Neurosci. 2000, 3:277-283.
52. Downar J., Mikulis D.J., Davis K.D. Neural correlates of the prolonged salience of painful stimulation. Neuroimage 2003, 20:1540-1551.
53. Driver J., Spence C. Cross-modal link in spatial attention. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 1998, 353:1319-1331.
54. Duhamel J.R., Colby C.L., Goldberg M.E. Ventral intraparietal area of the macaque: congruent visual and somatic response properties. J. Neurophysiol. 1998, 79:126-136.
55. Dum R.P., Levinthal D.J., Strick P.L. The Spinothalamic system targets motor and sensory areas in the cerebral cortex of monkeys. J. Neurosci. 2009, 29:14223-14235.
56. Eccleston C., Crombez G. Pain demands attention: a cognitive-affectivemodel on the interruptive function of pain. Psychol. Bull. 1999, 125:356-366.
57. Egeth H.E., Yantis S. Visual attention: control, representation, and time course. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 1997, 48:269-297.
58. Escera C., Alho K., Schröger E., Winkler I. Involuntary attention and distractibility as evaluated with event-related brain potentials. Audiol. Neurootol. 2000, 5:151-166.
59. Fecteau J.H., Munoz D.P. Salience, relevance, and firing: a priority map for target selection. Trends Cogn. Sci. 2006, 10:382-390.
60. Fenske M.J., Raymond J.E. Affective influences of selective attention. Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci. 2006, 15:312-316.
61. Fogassi L., Gallese V., Fadiga L., Luppino G., Matelli M., Rizzolatti G. Coding of peripersonal space in inferior premotor cortex, area F4. J. Neurophysiol. 1996, 76:141-157.
62. Friedman D., Cycowicz Y.M., Gaeta H. The novelty P3: an event-related brain potential, ERP sign of the brain's evaluation of novelty. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2001, 25:355-373.
63. Frot M., Magnin M., Mauguière F., García-Larrea L. Human SII and posterior insula differently encode thermal laser stimuli. Cereb. Cortex 2007, 17:610-620.
64. Galer B.S., Jensen M. Neglect-like symptoms in complex regional pain syndrome: results of a self-administered survey. J. Pain Symptom. Manag. 1999, 18:213-217.
65. García-Larrea L. Somatosensory volleys and cortical evoked potentials: 'First come, first served'?. Pain 2004, 112:5-7.
66. García-Larrea L., Peyron R., Laurent B., Mauguière F. Association and dissociation between laser-evoked potentials and pain perception. NeuroReport 1997, 8:3785-3789.
67. García-Larrea L., Frot M., Valeriani M. Brain generators of laser-evoked potentials: from dipoles to functional significance. Neurophysiol. Clin. 2003, 33:279-292.
68. Gottlieb J. From thought to action: the parietal cortex as a bridge between perception, action, and cognition. Neuron 2007, 53:9-15.
69. Gracely R.H., Geisser M.E., Giesecke T., Grant M.A.B., Petzke F., Williams D.A., Clauw D.J. Pain catastrophizing and neural responses to pain among persons with fibromyalgia. Brain 2004, 127:835-843.
70. Graziano M.S.A., Gross C.G. The representation of extrapersonal space: a possible role for bimodal, visual-tactile neurons. The Cognitive Neurosciences 1994, 1021-1034. The MIT Press, Cambridge. M. Gazzaniga (Ed.).
71. Graziano M.S.A., Yap G.S., Gross C.G. Coding of visual space by premotor neurons. Science 1994, 266:1054-1057.
72. Graziano M.S.A., Hu X.T., Gross C.G. Visuospatial properties of ventral premotor cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 1997, 77:2268-2292.
73. Graziano M.S.A., Gross C.G. Spatial maps for the control of movement. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 1998, 8:195-201.
74. Hatem S.M., Plaghki L., Mouraux A. How response inhibition modulates nociceptive and non-nociceptive somatosensory brain-evoked potentials. Clin. Neurophysiol. 2007, 118:1503-1516.
75. Hofbauer R.K., Fiset P., Plourde G., Backman S.B., Bushnell M.C. Dose-dependent effects of propofol on the central processing of thermal pain. Anesthesiology 2004, 100:386-394.
76. Hofbauer R.K., Rainville P., Duncan G.H., Bushnell M.C. Cortical representation of sensory dimension of pain. J. Neurophysiol. 2001, 86:402-411.
77. Honoré J., Hénon H., Naveteur J. Influence of eye orientation on pain as a function of anxiety. Pain 1995, 63:213-218.
78. Iannetti G.D., Zambreanu L., Cruccu G., Tracey I. Operculoinsular cortex encodes pain intensity at the earliest stages of cortical processing as indicated by amplitude of laser-evoked potentials in humans. Neuroscience 2005, 131:199-208.
79. Iannetti G.D., Zambreanu L., Tracey I. Similar nociceptive afferents mediate psychophysical and electrophysiological responses to heat stimulation of glabrous and hairy skin in humans. J. Physiol. 2006, 577:235-248.
80. Iannetti G.D., Hughes N.P., Lee M.C., Mouraux A. Determinants of laser-evoked EEG responses: pain perception or stimulus saliency?. J. Neurophysiol. 2008, 100:815-828.
81. Ingvar M. Pain and functional imaging. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B: Biol. Sci. 1999, 354:1347-1358.
82. Itti L., Koch C. Computational modelling of visual attention. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2001, 2:194-203.
83. 2 laser stimulation. J. Peripher. Nerv. Syst. 1996, 1:189-198.
84. Kakigi R., Inui K., Tamura Y. Electrophysiological studies on human pain perception. Clin. Neurophysiol. 2005, 116:743-763.
85. 2O PET study. J. Neurol. Sci. 2003, 212:85-91.
86. Kayser C., Petkov C.I., Lippert M., Logothetis K. Mechanisms for allocating auditory attention: an auditory salience map. Curr. Biol. 2005, 15:1943-1947.
87. Kennet S., Eimer M., Spence C., Driver J. Tactile-visual links in exogenous spatial attention under different postures: convergent evidence from psychophysics and ERPs. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 2001, 13:462-478.
88. Kenshalo D.R., Iwata K., Sholas M., Thomas D.A. Response properties and organization of nociceptive neurons in area 1 of mony primary somatosensory cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 2000, 84:719-729.
89. Knudsen E.I. Fundamental components of attention. Ann. Rev. Neurosci. 2007, 30:57-78.
90. Koyama T., Tanaka Y.Z., Mikami A. Nociceptive neurons in the macaque anterior cingulate activate during anticipation of pain. NeuroReport 1998, 9:2663-2667.
91. Kulkarni D., Bentley D.E., Elliott R., Youell P., Watson A., Derbyshire S.W.G., Frackowiak R.S.J., Friston K.J., Jones A.K.P. Attention to pain localization and unpleasantness discriminates the functions of the medial and lateral pain systems. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2005, 21:3133-3142.
92. Làdavas E., di Pellegrino G., Farnè A., Zeloni G. Neuropsychological evidence of an integrated visuatactile representation of peripersonal space in humans. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 1998, 10:581-589.
93. Làdavas E. Functional and dynamic properties of visual peripersonal space. Trends Cogn. Sci. 2002, 6:17-22.
94. Landis T. Disruption of space perception due to cortical lesions. Spat. Vis. 2000, 13:179-191.
95. Le Bars D. The whole body receptive field of dorsal horn multireceptive neurones. Brain Res. Rev. 2002, 40:29-44.
96. Le Bars D., Dickenson A.H., Besson J.M. Diffuse noxious inhibitory controls, DNIC: I. effects on dorsal horn convergent neurones in the rat. Pain 1979, 6:283-304.
97. Lee M.C., Mouraux A., Iannetti G.D. Characterizing the cortical activity through which pain emerges from nociception. J. Neurosci. 2009, 29:7909-7916.
98. Legrain V., Guérit J.M., Bruyer R., Plaghki L. Attentional modulation of the nociceptive processing into the human brain: selective spatial attention, probability of stimulus occurrence, and target detection effects on laser evoked potentials. Pain 2002, 99:21-39.
99. 2 laser radiant heat stimuli. Pain 2003, 103:237-248.
100. Legrain V., Guérit J.M., Bruyer R., Plaghki L. Electrophysiological correlates of attentional orientation in humans to strong intensity deviant nociceptive stimuli, inside and outside the focus of spatial attention. Neurosci. Lett. 2003, 339:107-110.
101. Legrain V., Bruyer R., Guérit J.M., Plaghki L. Involuntary orientation of attention to unattended deviant nociceptive stimuli is modulated by concomitant visual task difficulty. Evidence from laser evoked potentials. Clin. Neurophysiol. 2005, 116:2165-2174.
102. Legrain V., Perchet C., García-Larrea L. Involuntary orienting of attention to pain. Neural and behavioral signatures. J. Neurophysiol. 2009, 102:2423-2434.
103. Legrain V., Van Damme S., Eccleston C., Davis K.D., Seminowicz D.A., Crombez G. A neurocognitive model of attention to pain: behavioral and neuroimaging evidence. Pain 2009, 144:230-232.
104. Legrain, V., Crombez, C., Verhoeven, K., Mouraux, A., in press. The role of working memory in the attentional control of pain. Pain.
105. Lewis J.S., Kersten P., McCabe C.S., McPherson K.M., Blake D.R. Body perception disturbance: a contribution to pain in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Pain 2007, 133:111-119.
106. Liu, C.C., Veldhuijzen, D.S., Ohara, S., Winberry, J., Greenspan, J.D., Lenz, F.A., in press. Spatial attention to thermal pain stimuli in subjects with visual spatial hemi-neglect: extinction, mislocalization and misidentification of stimulus modality. Pain.
107. Lloyd D.M., Shore D.I., Spence C., Calvert G.A. Multisensory representation of the limb position in human premotor cortex. Nat. Neurosci. 2003, 6:17-18.
108. Lloyd D., Morrison I., Roberts N. Role for human posterior parietal cortex in visual processing of aversive objects in peripersonal space. J. Neurophysiol. 2006, 95:205-214.
109. Longo M.R., Betti V., Aglioti S.M., Haggard P. Visually induced analgesia: seeing the body reduces pain. J. Neurosci. 2009, 29:12125-12130.
110. Lui F., Duzzi D., Corradini M., Serafini M., Baraldi P., Porro C.A. Touch or pain? Spatio-temporal patterns of cortical fMRI activity following brief mechanical stimuli. Pain 2008, 138:362-374.
111. Macaluso E., Driver J. Multisensory spatial integrations: a window onto functional integration in the human brain. Trends Neurosci. 2005, 28:264-271.
112. Magerl W., Ali Z., Ellrich J., Meyer R.A., Treede R.D. C- and Aδ-fiber components of heat-evoked cerebral potentials in healthy human subjects. Pain 1999, 82:127-137.
113. Melzack R. Phantom limbs, the self and the brain. Can. Psychol. 1989, 30:1-16.
114. Melzack R. Pain and the neuromatrix in the brain. J. Dent. Educ. 2001, 65:1378-1382.
115. Melzack R., Casey K.L. Sensory, motivational and central control determinants of pain: a new conceptual model. The Skin Senses 1968, 423-443. Thomas, Springfield. D.R. Kenshalo (Ed.).
116. Moseley G.L. Why do people with complex regional pain syndrome take longer to recognize their affected hand?. Neurology 2004, 62:2182-2186.
117. Moseley G.L., Gallace A., Spence C. Space-based, but not arm-based, shift in tactile processing in complex regional pain syndrome and its relationship to cooling of the affected limb. Brain 2009, 132:3142-3151.
118. Mouraux A., Guérit J.M., Plaghki L. Refractoriness cannot explain why C-fiber laser-evoked potentials are recorded only if concomitant Aδ-fiber activation is avoided. Pain 2004, 112:16-26.
119. Mouraux A., Plaghki L. Cortical interactions and integration of nociceptive and non-nociceptive somatosensory inputs in humans. Neuroscience 2007, 150:72-81.
120. Mouraux A., Iannetti G.D. A review of the evidence against the "first come first served" hypothesis. Pain 2008, 136:219-221. (Comment on Truini et al. [Pain 2007;131:43-7]).
121. Mouraux A., Iannetti G.D. Nociceptive laser-evoked brain potentials do not reflect nociceptive-specific neural activity. J. Neurophysiol. 2009, 101:3258-3269.
122. Mouraux, A., Diukova, A., Lee, M.C., Wise, R.G., Iannetti, G.D., in press. A multisensory investigation of the functional significance of the "pain matrix". NeuroImage.
123. Müller M.M., Giabbiconi C.M. Attention in sense of touch. Human Haptic Perception. Basics and applications 2008, 199-206. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel. M. Grunwald (Ed.).
124. Näätänen R., Picton T. The N1 wave of the human electric and magnetic response to sound: a review and an analysis of the component structure. Psychophysiology 1987, 24:375-425.
125. Näätänen R., Paavilainen P., Rinne T., Alho K. The mismatch negativity (MMN) in basic research of central auditory processing: a review. Clin. Neurophysiol. 2007, 118:2544-2590.
126. 2 laser stimuli in humans using concurrent large fiber stimulation. Somatosens. Mot. Res. 2003, 20:139-147.
127. Nikolajsen L., Jensen T.S. Phantom limb. Textbook of Pain 2006, 961-971. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh. 5th edition. S.B. McMahon, M. Koltzenburg (Eds.).
128. Ohara S., Crone N.E., Weiss N., Treede R.D., Lenz F.A. Amplitudes of laser evoked potential recorded from primary somatosensory, parasylvian and medial frontal cortex are graded with stimulus intensity. Pain 2004, 110:318-328.
129. Opsommer E., Weiss T., Plaghki L., Miltner W.H.R. Dipole analysis of ultralate (C-fibres) evoked potentials after laser stimulation of tiny cutaneous surface areas in humans. Neurosci. Lett. 2001, 298:41-44.
130. Pavani F., Spence C., Driver J. Visual capture of touch: out-of-the-body experiences with rubber gloves. Psychol. Sci. 2000, 11:353-359.
131. Petrovic P., Peterson K.M., Ghatan P.H., Stone-Elander S., Ingvar M. Pain-related cerebral activation is altered by a distracting cognitive task. Pain 2000, 85:19-30.
132. Peyron R., García-Larrea L., Grégoire M.C., Costes N., Convers P., Lavenne F., Mauguière F., Michel D., Laurent B. Haemodynamic brain responses to acute pain in humans. Sensory and attentional networks. Brain 1999, 122:1765-1779.
133. Peyron R., Laurent B., García-Larrea L. Functional imaging of brain responses to pain. A review and meta-analysis (2000). Neurophysiol. Clin. 2000, 30:263-288.
134. Pincus T., Morley S. Cognitive-processing bias in chronic pain: a review and integration. Psychol. Bull. 2001, 127:599-617.
135. 2 laser stimuli. Pain 1994, 57:181-192.
136. Plaghki L., Mouraux A. How do we selectively activate skin nociceptors with high power infrared laser? Physiology and biophysics of laser stimulation. Neurophysiol. Clin. 2003, 33:269-277.
137. Plaghki L., Mouraux A. EEG and laser stimulation as tools for pain research. Curr. Opin. Investig. Drugs 2005, 6:58-64.
138. Porro C.A. Functional imaging and pain: behavior, perception, and modulation. Neuroscientist 2003, 9:354-369.
139. Raij T.T., Vartiainen N.V., Jousmäki V., Hari R. Effects of interstimulus interval on cortical responses to painful laser stimuli. J. Clin. Neurophysiol. 2003, 20:73-79.
140. Rainville P. Brain mechanisms of pain affect and pain modulation. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 2002, 12:195-204.
141. Rainville P., Duncan G.H., Price D.D., Carrier B., Bushnell M.C. Pain affect encoded in human anterior cingulate but not somatosensory cortex. Science 1997, 277:968-971.
142. Rizzolatti G., Camarda R., Fogassi L., Gentilucci M., Luppino G., Matelli M. Functional organization of inferior area 6 in the macaque monkey: II. Area F5 and the control of distal movements. Exp. Brain Res. 1988, 71:491-507.
143. Rizzolatti G., Fogassi L., Gallese V. Parietal cortex: from sight to action. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 1997, 7:562-567.
144. Robinson C.J., Burton H. Somatic submodality distribution within the second somatosensory (SII), 7b, retrosinsular, postauditory, and granular insular cortical areas of M. fascicularis. J. Comp. Neurol. 1980, 192:93-108.
145. Sakata H., Taira M., Murata A., Mine S. Neural mechanisms of visual guidance of hand action in the parietal cortex of the monkey. Cereb. Cortex 1995, 5:429-438.
146. Schröger E. A neural mechanism for involuntary attention shifts to changes in auditory stimulation. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 1996, 8:527-539.
147. Schnakers C., Zasler N.D. Pain assessment and management in disorders of consciousness. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 2007, 20:620-626.
148. Seminowiz D.A., Mikulis D.J., Davis K.D. Cognitive modulation of pain-related brain responses depends on behavioral strategy. Pain 2004, 112:48-58.
149. Seminowicz D.A., Davis K.D. Cortical responses to pain in healthy individuals depends on pain catastrophizing. Pain 2006, 120:297-306.
150. Seminowicz D.A., Davis K.D. Interactions of pain intensity and cognitive load: the brain stays on task. Cereb. Cortex 2007, 17:1412-1422.
151. Serences J.T., Yantis S. Selective visual attention and perceptual coherence. Trends Cogn. Sci. 2006, 10:38-45.
152. Sherrington C. The Integrative Action of the Nervous System 1906, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
153. Shikata E., Tanaka Y., Nakamura H., Taira M., Sakata H. Selectivity of the parietal visual neurons in 3D orientation of surface of stereoscopic stimuli. Neuroreport 1996, 7:2389-2394.
154. Shore D.I., Gray K., Spry E., Spence C. Spatial modulation of tactile temporal-order judgements. Perception 2005, 34:1251-1262.
155. Sikes R.W., Vogt B.A. Nociceptive neurons in area 24 of rabbit cingulate cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 1992, 68:1720-1732.
156. Singer T., Seymour B., O'Doherty J., Kaube H., Dolan R.J., Frith C.D. Empathy for pain involves the affective but not sensory components of pain. Science 2004, 303:1157-1162.
157. Spence C., Kingstone A., Shore D.I., Gazzaniga M.S. Representation of visuotactile space in the split brain. Psychol. Sci. 2001, 12:90-93.
158. Sumitani M., Shibata M., Iwakura T., Matsuda Y., Sakaue G., Inoue T., Mashimo T., Miyauchi S. Pathologic pain distorts visuospatial perception. Neurology 2007, 68:152-154.
159. Tanaka E., Inui K., Kida Y., Miyazaki T., Takeshima Y., Kakigi R. A transition from unimodal to multimodal activations in four sensory modalities in humans: an electrophysiological study. BMC Neurosci. 2008, 9:116.
160. Tiede W., Magerl W., Baumgärtner U., Durrer B., Ehlert U., Treede R.D. Sleep restriction attenuates amplitudes and attentional modulation of pain-related evoked potentials, but augments pain ratings in healthy volunteers. Pain 2010, 148:36-42.
161. Timmermann L., Ploner M., Haucke K., Schmitz F., Baltissen R., Schnitzler A. Differential coding of pain intensity in the human primary and secondary somatosensory cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 2001, 86:1499-1503.
162. Tolle T.R., Kaufmann T., Siessmeier T., Lautenbacher S., Berthele A., Munz F., Zieglgansberger W., Willoch F., Schwaiger M., Conrad B., Bartenstein P. Region-specific encoding of sensory and affective components of pain in the human brain: a positron emission tomography correlation analysis. Ann. Neurol. 1999, 45:40-47.
163. Tracey I., Mantyh P.W. The cerebral signature for pain perception and its modulation. Neuron 2007, 55:377-391.
164. Treede R.D., Kenshalo D.R., Gracely R.H., Jones A.K. The cortical representation of pain. Pain 1999, 79:105-111.
165. Truini A., Rossi P., Galeotti F., Romaniello A., Virtuoso M., De Lena C., Leandri M., Cruccu G. Excitability of the Adelta nociceptive pathways as assessed by the recovery cycle of laser evoked potentials in humans. Exp. Brain Res. 2004, 155:120-123.
166. Truini A., Galeotti F., Cruccu G., García-Larrea L. Inhibition of cortical responses to Adelta inputs by a preceding C-related response: testing the "first come, first served" hypothesis of cortical laser evoked potentials. Pain 2007, 131:341-347.
167. Uddin L.Q., Menon V. The anterior insula in autism: under-connected and under-examined. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2009, 33:1198-1203.
168. Valet M., Sprenger T., Boecker H., Willoch F., Rummeny E., Conrad B., Erhard P., Tolle T.R. Distraction modulates connectivity of the cingulo-frontal cortex and the midbrain during pain. An fMRI analysis. Pain 2004, 109:399-408.
169. Van Damme S., Crombez G., Lorenz J. Pain draws visual attention to its location: experimental evidence for a threat-related bias. J. Pain 2007, 8:976-982.
170. Van Damme S., Legrain V., Vogt J., Crombez G. Keeping pain in mind: a motivational account of attention to pain. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2010, 34:204-213.
171. Van Ryckeghem, D.M.L., Van Damme, S., Crombez, G., Eccleston, C., Verhoeven, K., Legrain, V., in press. The role of spatial attention in attentional control over pain: an experimental investigation.
172. Wager T.D., Rilling J.K., Smith E.E., Sokolik A., Casey K.L., Davidson R.J., Kosslyn S.M., Rose R.M., Cohen J.D. Placebo-induced changes in FMRI in the anticipation and experience of pain. Science 2004, 303:1162-1167.
173. Wall P.D. Independent mechanisms converge on pain. Nat. Medicine 1995, 1:740-741.
174. Wang A.L., Mouraux A., Liang M., Iannetti G.D. Stimulus novelty, and not neural refractoriness, explains the repetition suppression of laser-evoked potentials. J. Neurophysiol. 2010, 104:2116-2124.
175. Weierich M.R., Wright C.I., Negreira A., Dickerson B.C., Feldman Barrett L. Novelty as a dimension in the affective brain. NeuroImage 2010, 49:2871-2878.
176. Yantis S. The neural basis of selective attention. Cortical sources and targets of attentional modulation. Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci. 2008, 17:86-90.