Lexical semantics and irregular inflection

Language and Cognitive Processes

Volumn 25, Issue 10, 2010, Pages 1411-1461

  Huang, Yi Ting ^a   Pinker, Steven ^b  

^a University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill   (United States)

^b HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Inflectional morphology; Lexical semantics

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; GRAMMAR; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; LANGUAGE PROCESSING; PHONETICS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEMANTICS; VERBAL MEMORY;

EID: 78649734083     PISSN: 01690965     EISSN: 14640732     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/01690961003589476     Document Type: Article

References (82)

1. Alegre, M., & Gordon, P. (1999). Frequency effects and the representational status of regular inflections. Journal of Memory and Language, 40, 41-61. doi:10.1006/jmla.1998.2607
2. American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. (2000). Fourth edition. Boston, MA: Houghton-Mifflin.
3. Aronoff, M. (1976). Word formation in generative grammar. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
4. Baayen, R. H., Schreuder, R., de Jong, N., & Krott, A. (2002). Dutch inflection: The rules that prove the exception. In S. Nootebohm, F. Weerman, & F. Wijnen (Eds.), Storage and computation in the language faculty (pp. 61-92). Dordrect, The Netherlands: Kluwer.
5. Baayen, R. H., & Moscoso del Prado Martin, F. (2005). Semantic density and past-tense formation in three Germanic languages. Language, 81(3), 666-698.
6. Bandi-Rao, S., & Murphy, G. L. (2007). The role of meaning in past-tense inflection: Evidence from polysemy and denominal derivation. Cognition, 104, 150-162. doi:10.1016/j.cognition. 2006.05.012
7. Berent, I., Pinker, S., & Shimron, J. (1999). Default nominal inflection in Hebrew: Evidence for mental variables. Cognition, 72, 1-44. doi:10.1016/S0010-0277(99)00027-X
8. Berent, I., Pinker, S., & Shimron, J. (2002). The nature of regularity and irregularity: Evidence from Hebrew nominal inflection. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 31(5), 459-502. doi:10.1023/A:1021256819323
9. Bolinger, D. (1980). Language: The loaded weapon. New York: Longman.
10. Bybee, J. L. (1985). Morphology: A study of the relation between meaning and form. Philadelphia, PA: Benjamins.
11. Bybee, J. L., & Moder, C. L. (1983). Morphological classes as natural categories. Language, 59, 251-170.
12. Bybee, J. L., & Slobin, D. I. (1982). Rules and schemes in the development and use of the English past tense. Language, 58, 265-289.
13. Caramazza, A. (1997). How many levels of processing are there in lexical access? Cognitive Neuropsychology, 14, 177-208. doi:10.1080/026432997381664
14. Caramazza, A., Laudanna, A., & Romani, C. (1988). Lexical access and inflectional morphology. Cognition, 28, 297-332. doi:10.1016/0010-0277(88)90017-0
15. Carter, R. J. (1976). Some constraints on possible words. Semantikos, 1, 27-66.
16. Clahsen, H. (1999). Lexical entries and rules of language: A multidisciplinary study of German inflection. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 22, 991-1013. doi:10.1017/S0140525X99002228
17. Clark, E. V., & Clark, H. H. (1979). When nouns surface as verbs. Language, 55, 767-811.
18. Comrie, B. (1985). Tense. New York: Cambridge University Press.
19. Curme, G. O. (1935/1983). A grammar of the English language (Vol. 1). Essex, CT: Verbatim.
20. Daugherty, K. G., MacDonald, M. C., Petersen, A. S., & Seidenberg, M. S. (1993, June). Why no mere mortal has ever flown out to center field but people often say they do. Paper presented at the fifteenth annual conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Boulder, CO.
21. Dell, G. (1986). A spreading-activation theory of retrieval in sentence production. Psychological Review, 93, 283-321. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.93.3.283
22. Dell, G. S., Burger, L. K., & Svec, W. R. (1997). Language production and serial order: A functional analysis and a model. Psychological Review, 104(1), 123-147. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.104.1.123
23. di Sciullo, A. M., & Williams, E. (1987). On the definition of word. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
24. Dowty, D. R. (1979/1991). Word meaning and Montague grammar: The semantics of verbs and times in generative semantics and in Montague's PTQ. Boston: Kluwer.
25. Egedi, D. M., & Sproat, R. W. (1991). Connectionist networks and natural language morphology. Unpublished manuscript, Linguistics Research Department, Lucent Technologies, Murray Hill, NJ, USA.
26. Francis, N., & Kucera, H. (1982). Frequency analysis of English usage: Lexicon and grammar. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
27. Gordon, P., & Miozzo, M. (2008). Can word formation be understood or understanded by semantics alone? Cognitive Psychology, 56, 30-72. doi:10.1016/j.cogpsych.2007.02.002
28. Harris, C. L. (1992, July). Understanding English past-tense formation: The shared meaning hypothesis. Paper presented at the fourteenth annual conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Bloomington, IN.
29. Hinton, G. E., McClelland, J. L., & Rumelhart, D. E. (1986). Distributed representations. In J. M. D. Rumelhart & The PDP Research Group (Eds.), Parallel distributed processing: Explorations in the microstructure of cognition (Vol. 1, pp. 77-109). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
30. Janssen, D. P., Roelofs, A., & Levelt, W. J. M. (2002). Inflectional frames in language production. Language and Cognitive Processes, 17, 209-236. doi:10.1080/01690960143000182
31. Jespersen, O. (1938/1982). Growth and structure of the English language. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
32. Joanisse, M. F., & Seidenberg, M. S. (1999). Impairments in verb morphology after brain injury: A connectionist model. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 96, 7592-7597.
33. Johnson, K. (1986). Fragmentation of strong verb ablaut in old English. Ohio State University Working Papers in Linguistics, 34, 108-122.
34. Kim, J. J., Marcus, G. F., Pinker, S., Hollander, M., & Coppola, M. (1994). Sensitivity of children's inflection to morphological structure. Journal of Child Language, 21, 173-209. doi:10.1017/S0305000900008710
35. Kim, J. J., Pinker, S., Prince, A., & Prasada, S. (1991). Why no mere mortal has ever flown out to center field. Cognitive Science, 15, 173-218. doi:10.1207/s15516709cog1502-1
36. Kiparsky, P. (1982). Lexical phonology and morphology. In I. S. Yang (Ed.), Linguistics in the morning calm (pp. 3-91). Seoul: Hansin.
37. Kurylowicz, J. (1964). The inflectional categories of Indo-Euorpean. Heidelberg: C. Winter.
38. Levelt, W. J. M. (1989). Speaking: From intention to articulation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
39. Levelt, W. J. M., Roelofs, A., & Meyer, A. S. (1999). A theory of lexical access in speech production. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 22, 1-38. doi:10.1017/S0140525X99001776
40. Levin, B. (1993). English verb classes and alternations: A preliminary investigation. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
41. Levin, S. R. (1964). A reclassification of the old English strong verbs. Language, 40, 156-161.
42. Lieber, R. (1980). On the organization of the lexicon. Unpublished PhD dissertation, MIT, Cambridge.
43. Lieberman, E., Michel, J-B., Jackson, J., Tang, T., & Nowak, M. A. (2007). Quantifying the evolutionary dynamics of language. Nature, 449, 713-716. doi:10.1038/nature06137
44. MacWhinney, B., & Leinbach, J. (1991). Implementations are not conceptualizations: Revising the verb learning model. Cognition, 40, 121-157. doi:10.1016/0010-0277(91)90048-9
45. Marcus, G. F. (2001). The algebraic mind: Reflections on connectionism and cognitive science. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
46. Marcus, G. F., Brinkmann, U., Clahsen, H., Wiese, R., & Pinker, S. (1995). German inflection: The exception that proves the rule. Cognitive Psychology, 29, 189-256. doi:10.1006/cogp.1995.1015
47. Marcus, G. F., Pinker, S., Ullman, M., Hollander, M., Rosen, T. J., & Xu, F. (1992). Overregularization in language acquisition. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 57. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5834.1992.tb00312.x
48. Marslen-Wilson, W. D. (1987). Functional parallelism in spoken word recognition. Cognition, 25, 71-102. doi:10.1016/0010-0277(87)90005-9
49. McClelland, J. L., & Patterson, K. (2002). Rules or connections in past-tense inflections: What does the evidence rule out? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6, 465-472. doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(02)01993-9
50. Miller, G. A., & Fellbaum, C. (1991). Semantic networks of English. Cognition, 41, 197-229. doi:10.1016/0010-0277(91)90036-4
51. Nakisa, R. C., & Hahn, U. (1996, July). Where defaults don't help: The case of the German plural system. Paper presented at the 18th annual conference of the Cognitive Science Society, La Jolla, CA.
52. Nunberg, G. (1989). What the usage panel thinks. In C. Ricks & L.Michaels (Eds.), The state of the language (pp. 467-482). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
53. Orsolini, M., & Marslen-Wilson, W. D. (1997). Universals in morphological representation: Evidence from Italian. Language and Cognitive Processes, 12, 1-47. doi:10.1080/016909697386899
54. Pinker, S. (1989). Learnability and cognition: The acquisition of argument structure. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
55. Pinker, S. (1999). Words and rules: The ingredients of language. New York: HarperCollins.
56. Pinker, S. (2007). The stuff of thought: Language as a window into human nature. London: Penguin.
57. Pinker, S., & Prince, A. (1988). On language and connectionism: Analysis of a parallel distributed processing model of language acquisition. Cognition, 28, 73-193. doi:10.1016/0010-0277(88)90032-7
58. Pinker, S., & Prince, A. (1994). Regular and irregular morphology and the psychological status of rules of grammar. In S. D. Lima, R. L. Corrigan, & G. K. Iverson (Eds.), The reality of linguistic rules (pp. 321-354). Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins.
59. Pinker, S., & Ullman, M. (2003). Beyond one model per phenomenon. Trends in Cognitive Science, 7(3), 108-109. doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(03)00021-4
60. Pinker, S., & Ullman, M. T. (2002a). Combination and structure, not gradedness, is the issue. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6, 472-474. doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(02)02013-2
61. Pinker, S., & Ullman, M. T. (2002b). The past and future of the past tense. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6(11), 456-463. doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(02)01990-3
62. Prasada, S., & Pinker, S. (1993). Generalizations of regular and irregular morphological patterns. Language and Cognitive Processes, 8, 1-56. doi:10.1080/01690969308406948
63. Pyles, T., & Algeo, J. (1982). The origins and development of the English language (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
64. Ramscar, M. (2002). The role of meaning in inflection: Why the past tense does not require a rule. Cognitive Psychology, 45, 45-94. doi:10.1016/S0010-0285(02)00001-4
65. Ramscar, M. (2003). The past-tense debate: Exocentric forms versus the evidence. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7, 107-108. doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(03)00019-6
66. Roelofs, A. (1992). A spreading-activation theory of lemma retrieval in speaking. Cognition, 42, 107-142. doi:10.1016/0010-0277(92)90041-F
67. Roelofs, A., Meyer, A. S., & Levelt, W. J. M. (1998). A case for the lemma-lexeme distinction in models of speaking: Comment on Caramazza and Miozzo (1997). Cognition, 69, 219-230. doi:10.1016/S0010-0277(98)00056-0
68. Rumelhart, D. E., & McClelland, J. L. (1986). On learning the past tenses of English verbs. In J. L. McClelland & D. E. Rumelhart (Eds.), Parallel distributed processing: Explorations in the microstructure of cognition (Vol. 2). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
69. Sasse, H. J. (2002). Recent activity in the theory of aspect: Accomplishments, achievements, or just non-progressive state? Linguistic Typology, 6, 199-271. doi:10.1515/lity.2002.007
70. Selkirk, E. O. (1982). The syntax of words. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
71. Shaoul, C. (1993). Regularization in the inflection of French nouns. Unpublished manuscript, Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
72. Shirai, Y. (1997). Is regularization determined by semantics, or grammar, or both? Comments on Kim, Marcus, Pinker, Hollander & Coppola. Journal of Child Language, 24, 495-501. doi:10.1017/S0305000997003140
73. Smolensky, P. (1988). On the proper treatment of connectionism. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 11, 1-74. doi:10.1017/S0140525X00052432
74. Smolensky, P., & Legendre, G. (2006). The harmonic mind: From neural computation to optimalitytheoretic grammar (Vol. 1). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
75. Tabak, W., Schreuder, R., & Baayen, R. H. (2005). Lexical statistics and lexical processing: Semantic density, information complexity, sex, and irregularity in Dutch. In M. Reis & S. Kepser (Eds.), Linguistic evidence (pp. 529-555). Berlin, Germany: Mouton.
76. Tyler, L. K., de Mornay-Davies, P., Anokhina, R., Longworth, C., Randall, B., & Marslen-Wilson, W. D. (2002). Dissociations in processing past tense morphology: Neuropathology and behavioral studies. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 14(1), 79-94. doi:10.1162/089892902317205366
77. Tyler, L. K., Marslen-Wilson, W. D., & Stamatakis, E. A. (2005). Differentiating lexical form, meaning, and structure in the neural language system. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 102(23), 8375-8380. doi:10.1073/pnas.0408213102
78. Ullman, M. (1993). The computation of inflectional morphology. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA.
79. Ullman, M. T. (1999). Acceptability ratings of regular and irregular past-tense forms: Evidence for a dual-system model of language from word frequency and phonological neighborhood effects. Language and Cognitive Processes, 14, 47-67. doi:10.1080/016909699386374
80. Ullman, M. T., Corkin, S., Coppola, M., Hickok, G., Growdon, J. H., Koroshetz, W. J., et al. (1997). A neural dissociation within language: Evidence that the mental dictionary is part of declarative memory, and that grammatical rules are processed by the procedural system. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 9, 289-299. doi:10.1162/jocn.1997.9.2.266
81. Ullman, M. T., Izvorski, R., Love, T., Yee, E., Swinney, D., & Hickok, G. (2005). Neural correlates of lexicon and grammar: Evidence from the production, reading, and judgment of inflection in aphasia. Brain and Language, 93, 185-238. doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2004.10.001
82. Vendler, Z. (1957). Verbs and times. Philosophical Review, 66, 143-160.