Pharmacologic Treatment of Heart Disease

Pediatric Cardiology: The Requisites in Pediatrics

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 237-275

  Tanel, Ronn E ^a,b   Levin, Mark D ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

^b CHILDREN S HOSPITAL OF PHILADELPHIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 78649678612     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-323-02367-2.50020-1     Document Type: Chapter

References (107)

1. RM Perkin, DL Levin, R Webb, et al. (1982) Dobutamine: A hemodynamic evaluation in children with shock. J Pediatr 100 977-983.
2. D Schranz, H Stopfkuchen, BK Jungst, et al. (1982) Hemodynamic effects of dobutamine in children with cardiovascular failure. Eur J Pediatr 139 4-7.
3. K Barrington and W Chan (1993) The circulatory effects of epinephrine infusion in the anesthetized piglet. Pediatr Res 33 190-194.
4. M Cutaia and RJ Porcelli (1983) Pulmonary vascular reactivity after repetitive exposure to selected biogenic amines. J Appl Physiol 55 1868-1876.
5. JE Lock, PM Olley and F Coceani (1981) Enhanced beta-adrenergic-receptor responsiveness in hypoxic neonatal pulmonary circulation. Am J Physiol 240 H697-H703.
6. WL Meadow, BF Rudinsky and E Strates (1986) Selective elevation of systemic blood pressure by epinephrine during sepsis-induced pulmonary hypertension in piglets. Pediatr Res 20 872-875.
7. CG Brown, DR Martin, PE Pepe, et al. (1992) A comparison of standard-dose and high-dose epinephrine in cardiac arrest outside the hospital. The Multicenter High-Dose Epinephrine Study Group. N Engl J Med 327 1051-1055.
8. MG Goetting and NA Paradis (1989) High dose epinephrine in refractory pediatric cardiac arrest. Crit Care Med 17 1258-1262.
9. J Caspi, JG Coles, LN Benson, et al. (1991) Age-related response to epinephrine-induced myocardial stress. Circulation 84 III394-399.
10. B Bartelds, JW Gratama, KJ Meuzulaar, et al. (1998) Comparative effects of isoproterenol and dopamine on myocardial oxygen consumption, blood flow distribution, and total body oxygen consumption in conscious lambs with and without an aortopulmonary left to right shunt. J Am Coll Cardiol 31 473-481.
11. K Nishioka, T Nakanishi, BL George and JM Jarmakani (1981) The effect of calcium on the inotropy of catecholamine and paired electrical stimulation in the newborn and adult myocardium. J Mol Cell Cardiol 13 511-520.
12. HA Stueven, B Thompson, C Aprahamian, et al. (1985) The effectiveness of calcium chloride in refractory electromechanical dissociation. Ann Emerg Med 14 626-629.
13. N Cardenas-Rivero, B Chernow, MA Stoiko, et al. (1989) Hypocalcemia in critically ill children. J Pediatr 114 946-951.
14. CW Broner, GL Stidham, DF Westenkirchner and DC Watson (1990) A prospective, randomized, double-blind comparison of calcium chloride and calcium gluconate therapies for hypocalcemia in critically ill children. J Pediatr 117 986-989.
15. M Odeh (1993) Tumor necrosis factor-alpha as a myocardial depressant substance. International J Cardiol 42 231-238.
16. P Barton, J Garcia, A Kouatli, et al. (1996) Hemodynamic effects of IV milrinone lactate in pediatric patients with septic shock. Chest 109 1302-1312.
17. S Lawless, G Burckart, W Diven, et al. (1989) Amrinone in neonates and infants after cardiac surgery. Crit Care Med 17 751-754.
18. M Berner, C Jaccard, I Oberhansli, et al. (1990) Hemodynamic effects of amrinone in children after cardiac surgery. Intensive Care Med 16 85-88.
19. BW Robinson, H Gelband and MS Mas (1993) Selective pulmonary and selective vasodilation effects of amrinone in children: New therapeutic implications. J Am Coll Cardiol 21 1461-1465.
20. TM Hoffman, G Wernovsky, AM Atz, et al. (2003) Efficacy and safety of milrinone in preventing low cardiac output syndrome in infants and children after corrective surgery for congenital heart disease. Circulation 107 996-1002.
21. AC Chang, AM Atz, G Wernovsky, et al. (1995) Milrinone: Systemic and pulmonary hemodynamic effects in neonates after cardiac surgery. Crit Care Med 23 1907-1914.
22. RH Beekman, AP Rocchini, M Dick Jr, et al. (1984) Vasodilator therapy in children: Acute and chronic effects in children with left ventricular dysfunction or mitral regurgitation. Pediatrics 73 43-51.
23. TR Dillon, GG Janos, RA Meyer, et al. (1980) Vasodilator therapy for congestive heart failure. J Pediatr 96 623-629.
24. H Nakano, K Ueda and A Saito (1985) Acute hemodynamic effects of nitroprusside in children with isolated mitral regurgitation. Am J Cardiol 56 351-355.
25. G Benzing III, JA Helmsworth, JT Schrieber, et al. (1976) Nitroprusside after open-heart surgery. Circulation 54 467-471.
26. G Benzing III, JA Helmsworth, JT Schrieber and S Kaplan (1979) Nitroprusside and epinephrine for treatment of low output in children after open-heart surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 27 523-528.
27. A Appelbaum, EH Blackstone, NT Kouchoukos and JW Kirklin (1977) Afterload reduction and cardiac output in infants early after intracardiac surgery. Am J Cardiol 39 445-451.
28. LE Fleischmann (1977) Management of hypertensive crisis in children. Pediatr Ann 6 410-414.
29. G Gordillo-Paniagua, L Velasquez-Jones, R Martini and E Valdez-Bolanos (1975) Sodium nitroprusside treatment in severe arterial hypertension in children. J Pediatr 87 799-802.
30. RJ Will, OM Walker, RC Traugott and RL Treasure (1978) Sodium nitroprusside and propranolol therapy for management for postcoactectomy hypertension. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 75 722-724.
31. NR Bennett and TR Abbott (1977) The use of sodium nitroprusside in children. Anaesthesia 32 456-463.
32. S Moncada, RM Palmer and EA Higgs (1991) Nitric oxide: Physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology. Pharmacol Rev 43 109-142.
33. J Damen and JF Hitchcock (1985) Reactive pulmonary hypertension after a switch operation. Successful treatment with glyceryl trinitrate. Br Heart J 53 223-225.
34. MN Ilbawi, FS Idriss, SY DeLeon, et al. (1985) Hemodynamic effects of intravenous nitroglycerin in pediatric patients after heart surgery. Circulation 72 II101-II107.
35. JN Cohn, DG Archibald, S Ziesche, et al. (1986) Effect of vasodilator therapy on mortality in chronic congestive heart failure. Results of a Veterans Administration Cooperative Study. N Engl J Med 314 1547-1552.
36. BS Edwards, EK Weir, WD Edwards, et al. (1987) Coexistent pulmonary and portal hypertension: Morphologic and clinical features. J Am Coll Cardiol 10 1233-1238.
37. P Petitpretz, F Brenot, R Azarian, et al. (1994) Pulmonary hypertension in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection: Comparison with primary pulmonary hypertension. Circulation 89 2722-2727.
38. L Abenhaim, Y Moride, F Brenot, et al. (1996) Appetite-suppressant drugs and the risk of primary pulmonary hypertension. N Engl J Med 335 609-616.
39. D Journois, P Pouard, P Mauriat, et al. (1994) Inhaled nitric oxide as a therapy for pulmonary hypertension after operations for congenital heart defects. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 107 1129-1135.
40. IA Russell, MS Zwass, JR Fineman, et al. (1998) The effects of inhaled nitric oxide on postoperative pulmonary hypertension in infants and children undergoing surgical repair of congenital heart disease. Anesth Analg 87 46-51.
41. I Adatia, S Perry, M Landzberg, et al. (1995) Inhaled nitric oxide and hemodynamic evaluation of patients with pulmonary hypertension before transplantation. J Am Coll Cardiol 25 1656-1664.
42. I Schulze-Neick, M Bultmann, H Werner, et al. (1997) Right ventricular function in patients treated with inhaled nitric oxide after cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease in newborns and children. Am J Cardiol 80 360-363.
43. C Frostell, MD Fratacci, JC Wain, et al. (1991) Inhaled nitric oxide. A selective pulmonary vasodilator reversing hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Circulation 83 2038-2047.
44. DL Wessel, I Adatia, JE Thompson and PR Hickey (1994) Delivery and monitoring of inhaled nitric oxide in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Crit Care Med 22 930-938.
45. G Laguenie, A Berg, JP Saint-Maurice and AT Dinh-Xuan (1993) Measurement of nitrogen dioxide formation from nitric oxide by chemiluminescence in ventilated children. Lancet 341 969.
46. RJ Barst, LJ Rubin, WA Long, et al. (1996) A comparison of continuous intravenous epoprostenol (prostacyclin) with conventional therapy for primary pulmonary hypertension. N Engl J Med 334 296-302.
47. RJ Barst (1999) Vasodilator therapy for primary pulmonary hypertension in children. Circulation 99 1197-1208.
48. J Kermode, W Butt and F Shann (1991) Comparison between prostaglandin E1 and epoprostenol (prostacyclin) in infants after heart surgery. Br Heart J 66 175-178.
49. LJ Rubin (1997) Primary pulmonary hypertension. N Engl J Med 336 111-117.
50. MM Hoeper, M Schwarze, S Ehlerding, et al. (2000) Long-term treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension with aerosolized iloprost, a prostacyclin analogue. N Engl J Med 342 1866-1870.
51. H Olschewski, HA Ghofrani, T Schmehl, et al. (2000) Inhaled iloprost to treat severe pulmonary hypertension: An uncontrolled trial. Ann Intern Med 132 435-443.
52. RN Channick, G Simonneau, O Sitbon, et al. (2001) Effects of the dual endothelin-receptor antagonist bosentan in patients with pulmonary hypertension: A randomized placebo-controlled study. Lancet 358 1119-1123.
53. N Galie, AL Hinderliter, A Torbicki, et al. (2003) Effects of the oral endothelin-receptor antagonist bosentan on echocardiographic and Doppler measures in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 41 1380-1386.
54. RJ Barst, D Ivy, J Dingemanse, et al. (2003) Pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of bosentan in pediatric patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Clin Pharmacol Therap 73 372-382.
55. EB Rosenzweig, TJ Starc, JM Chen, et al. (1999) Intravenous arginine-vasopressin in children with vasodilatory shock after cardiac surgery. Circulation 100(19 suppl), II182-II186.
56. Heart Failure Society of America (2000) HFSA guidelines for management of patients with heart failure caused by left ventricular systolic dysfunction: Pharmacological approaches. Pharmacotherapy 20 495-522.
57. B Pitt, F Zannad and WJ Remme (1999) The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. N Engl J Med 341 709-717.
58. JN Cohn, G Johnson, S Ziesche, et al. (1991) A comparison of enalapril with hydralazine-isosorbide dinitrate in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 325 303-310.
59. The SOLVD Investigators (1991) Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 313 1617-1620.
60. NJS Wilson and D Dickinson (1988) Captopril in heart failure secondary to a left to right shunt. Arch Dis Child 63 360-363.
61. AB Lewis and M Chabot (1993) The effect of treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on survival of pediatric patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Pediatr Cardiol 14 9-12.
62. CM Pereira, YK Tam and RL Collins-Nakai (1991) The pharmacokinetics of captopril in infants with congestive heart failure. Ther Drug Monit 13 209-214.
63. R Fogari, A Zoppi, F Tettamanti, et al. (1992) Effects of nifedipine and indomethacin on cough induced by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: A double-blind, randomized, cross-over study. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 19 670-673.
64. L Reisin and A Schneeweiss (1992) Complete spontaneous remission of cough induced by ACE inhibitors during chronic therapy in hypertensive patients. J Human Hypertens 6 333-335.
65. The CONSENSUS Trial Study Group (1987) Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure: Results of the cooperative north Scandinavian enalapril survival study (CONSENSUS). N Engl J Med 316 1429-1435.
66. The SOLVD Investigators (1991) Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 325 293-302.
67. The SOLVD Investigators (1992) Effect of enalapril on mortality and the development of heart failure in asymptomatic patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions. N Engl J Med 327 685-691.
68. K Miller, B Atkin, PV Rodel Jr. and JF Walker (1987) Enalapril: A well-tolerated and efficacious agent for the pediatric hypertensive patient. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 10 S154-S156.
69. M Frenneaux, RAH Stewart, CMH Newman and KA Hallidie-Smith (1989) Enalapril for severe heart failure in infancy. Arch Dis Child 64 219-223.
70. MWI Webster, JM Neutze and AL Calder (1992) Acute hemodynamic effects of converting enzyme inhibition in children with intracardiac shunts. Pediatr Cardiol 13 129-135.
71. B Pitt, PA Poole-Wilson, R Segal, et al. (2000) Effect of losartan compared with captopril on mortality in patients with symptomatic heart failure: Randomized trial. The Losartan Heart Failure Survival Study (ELITE II). Lancet 355 1582-1587.
72. JN Cohn and G Tognoni (2001) Valsartan heart failure trial investigators. A randomized trial of the angiotensin-receptor blocker valsartan in chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 345 1667-1675.
73. MA Pfeffer, JJ McMurray, EJ Velazquez, et al. (2003) Valsartan in Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial (VALIANT) Investigators. Valsartan, captopril, or both in myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction, or both. N Engl J Med 349 1893-1906.
74. MA Pfeffer, K Swedberg, CB Granger, et al. (2003) CHARM Investigators and Committees. Effects of candesartan on mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic heart failure: The CHARM-Overall programme. Lancet 362 759-766.
75. M Wong, L Staszewsky, R Latini, et al. (2002) Val-HeFT Heart Failure Trial Investigators. Valsartan benefits left ventricular structure and function in heart failure. Val-HeFT echocardiographic study. J Am Coll Cardiol 40 970-975.
76. JN Cohn and G Tognoni (2001) Valsartan Heart Failure Trial Investigators. A randomized trial of the angiotensin-receptor blocker valsartan in chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 345 1667-1675.
77. MG Wyman, RL Slaughter, DA Farolino, et al. (1983) Multiple bolus technique for lidocaine administration in acute ischemic heart disease. II. Treatment of refractory ventricular arrhythmias and the pharmacokinetic significance of severe left ventricular failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2 764-769.
78. DW Holt, AC Walsh, PV Curry and M Tynan (1979) Pediatric use of mexiletine and disopyramide. Br Med J 2 1476-1477.
79. DS Echt, PR Liebson, LB Mitchell, et al. (1991) Mortality and morbidity in patients receiving encainide, flecainide, or placebo. The cardiac arrhythmia suppression trial. N Engl J Med 324 781-788.
80. FA Fish, PC Gillette and DW Benson Jr (1991) Proarrhythmia, cardiac arrest, and death in young patients receiving encainide and flecainide. The Pediatric Electrophysiology Group: J Am Coll Cardiol 18 356-365.
81. JC Perry and A Garson Jr (1992) Flecainide acetate for treatment of tachyarrhythmias in children: Review of world literature on efficacy, safety, and dosing. Am Heart J 124 1614-1621.
82. MERIT-HF Study Group (1999) Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomized Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF). Lancet 353 2001-2007.
83. M Packer, AJ Coats, MB Fowler, et al. (2001) Carvedilol Prospective Randomized Cumulative Survival Study Group. Effect of carvedilol on survival in severe chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 344 1651-1658.
84. A Smerling and WM Gersony (1990) Esmolol for severe hypertension following repair of aortic coarctation. Crit Care Med 18 1288-1290.
85. RN Vincent, LA Click, HM Williams, et al. (1990) Esmolol as an adjunct in the treatment of systemic hypertension after operative repair of coarctation of the aorta. Am J Cardiol 65 941-943.
86. J Nussbaum, EA Zane and DM Thys (1989) Esmolol for the treatment of hypercyanotic spells in infants with tetralogy of Fallot. J Cardiothorac Anesth 3 200-202.
87. BF Cuneo, VR Zales, PC Blahunka and DW Benson Jr (1994) Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of esmolol, a short-acting beta-blocking agent, in children. Pediatr Cardiol 15 296-301.
88. DB Wiest, SS Garner, WE Uber and RM Sade (1998) Esmolol for management of pediatric hypertension after cardiac operations. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 115 890-897.
89. DB Wiest, DL Trippel, PC Gillette and SS Garner (1991) Pharmacokinetics of esmolol in children. Clin Pharmacol Ther 49 618-623.
90. DL Trippel, DB Wiest and PC Gillette (1991) Cardiovascular and antiarrhythmic effects of esmolol in children. J Pediatr 119 142-147.
91. I Ostman-Smith, G Wettrell and T Riesenfeld (1999) A cohort study of childhood hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 34 1813-1822.
92. JC Perry, AL Fenrich, JE Hulse, et al. (1996) Pediatric use of intravenous amiodarone: Efficacy and safety in critically ill patients from a multicenter protocol. J Am Coll Cardiol 27 1246-1250.
93. PJ Kudenchuk, LA Cobb, MK Copass, et al. (1999) Amiodarone for resuscitation after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation. N Engl J Med 341 871-878.
94. P Dorian, D Cass, B Schwartz, et al. (2002) Amiodarone as compared with lidocaine for shock-resistant ventricular fibrillation. N Engl J Med 346 884-890.
95. P Guiccione, T Paul and A Garson Jr (1990) Long-term follow-up of amiodarone therapy in the young. J Am Coll Cardiol 15 1118-1124.
96. AL Waldo, JA Camm, H deRuyter, et al. (1996) Effect of d-sotalol on mortality in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after recent and remote myocardial infarction. Lancet 348 7-12.
97. ML Epstein, EA Kiel and BE Victoria (1985) Cardiac decompensation following verapamil therapy in infants with supraventricular tachycardia. Pediatrics 75 737-740.
98. R Gibson, D Driscoll, P Gillette, et al. (1981) The comparative electrophysiologic and hemodynamic effects of verapamil in puppies and adult dogs. Dev Pharmacol Ther 2 104-116.
99. AH Watt, MS Bernard, J Webster, et al. (1986) Intravenous adenosine in the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia: A dose-ranging study and interaction with dipyridamole. Br J Clin Pharmacol 21 227-230.
100. KA Ellenbogen, MD Thames, JP DiMarco, et al. (1990) Electrophysiological effects of adenosine in the transplanted human heart. Evidence of supersensitivity. Circulation 81 821-828.
101. P Lang, MD Freed, A Rosenthal, et al. (1977) The use of prostaglandin E1 in an infant with interruption of the aortic arch. J Pediatr 91 805-807.
102. MD Freed, MA Heymann, AB Lewis, et al. (1981) Prostaglandin E1 in infants with ductus arteriosus-dependent congenital heart disease. Circulation 64 899-905.
103. A Escrig, R Marin and M Mas (1999) Repeated PGE1 treatment enhances nitric oxide and erection responses to nerve stimulation in the rat penis by upregulating constitutive NOS isoforms. J Urology 162 2205-2210.
104. AB Lewis, MD Freed, MA Heymann, et al. (1981) Side effects of therapy with prostaglandin E1 in infants with critical congenital heart disease. Circulation 64 893-898.
105. L Mahony, V Carnero, C Brett, et al. (1982) Prophylactic indomethacin therapy for patent ductus arteriosus in very-low-birth-weight infants. N Engl J Med 306 506-510.
106. HW Seyberth, W Rascher, R Hackenthal and L Wille (1983) Effect of prolonged indomethacin therapy on renal function and selected vasoactive hormones in very-low-birth-weight infants with symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus. J Pediatr 103 979-984.
107. L Mahony, RL Caldwell, DA Girod, et al. (1985) Indomethacin therapy on the first day of life in infants with very low birth weight. J Pediatr 106 801-805.