메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 2, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 670-681

Monoclonal antibody therapy in multiple sclerosis: Paradigm shifts and emerging challenges

Author keywords

Alemtuzumab; Antibody; Monoclonal; Multiple sclerosis; Natalizumab; Rituximab; Therapy

Indexed keywords

ACT 128800; ALEMTUZUMAB; BAF 312; BAPINEUZUMAB; BETA INTERFERON; BETA1A INTERFERON; CDP 323; CLADRIBINE; DACLIZUMAB; EFALIZUMAB; FINGOLIMOD; FIRATEGRAST; FUMARIC ACID DIMETHYL ESTER; LAQUINIMOD; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; NATALIZUMAB; OCRELIZUMAB; PLACEBO; RITUXIMAB; TERIFLUNOMIDE; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ANTIBODY; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; USTEKINUMAB;

EID: 78649670034     PISSN: 19420862     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4161/mabs.2.6.13270     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (29)

References (71)
  • 1
    • 54149084585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis
    • Compston A, Coles A. Multiple sclerosis. Lancet 2008; 372:1502-17.
    • (2008) Lancet , vol.372 , pp. 1502-1517
    • Compston, A.1    Coles, A.2
  • 2
    • 25144445803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • History of modern multiple sclerosis therapy
    • Lublin F. History of modern multiple sclerosis therapy. J Neurol 2005; 252:3-9.
    • (2005) J Neurol , vol.252 , pp. 3-9
    • Lublin, F.1
  • 3
    • 17644396349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunology of multiple sclerosis
    • Sospedra M, Martin R. Immunology of multiple sclerosis. Ann Rev Immunol 2005; 23:683-747.
    • (2005) Ann Rev Immunol , vol.23 , pp. 683-747
    • Sospedra, M.1    Martin, R.2
  • 4
    • 54949142855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of MR imaging as an outcome measure in multiple sclerosis clinical trials
    • Bermel RA, Fisher E, Cohen JA. The use of MR imaging as an outcome measure in multiple sclerosis clinical trials. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2008; 18:687-701.
    • (2008) Neuroimaging Clin N Am , vol.18 , pp. 687-701
    • Bermel, R.A.1    Fisher, E.2    Cohen, J.A.3
  • 5
    • 56549105235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disease-modifying agents for multiple sclerosis: Recent advances and future prospects
    • Menge T, Weber MS, Hemmer B, Kieseier BC, von Budingen HC, Warnke C, et al. Disease-modifying agents for multiple sclerosis: recent advances and future prospects. Drugs 2008; 68:2445-68.
    • (2008) Drugs , vol.68 , pp. 2445-2468
    • Menge, T.1    Weber, M.S.2    Hemmer, B.3    Kieseier, B.C.4    Von Budingen, H.C.5    Warnke, C.6
  • 6
    • 34047101767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interferon-beta1a for the treatment of multiple sclerosis
    • Clerico M, Contessa G, Durelli L. Interferon-beta1a for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2007; 7:535-42.
    • (2007) Expert Opin Biol Ther , vol.7 , pp. 535-542
    • Clerico, M.1    Contessa, G.2    Durelli, L.3
  • 7
    • 64049119359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis therapeutics: Unexpected outcomes clouding undisputed successes
    • Wiendl H, Hohlfeld R. Multiple sclerosis therapeutics: unexpected outcomes clouding undisputed successes. Neurology 2009; 72:1008-15.
    • (2009) Neurology , vol.72 , pp. 1008-1015
    • Wiendl, H.1    Hohlfeld, R.2
  • 8
    • 70349655565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The present efficacy of multiple sclerosis therapeutics: Is the new 66% just the old 33%?
    • Klawiter EC, Cross AH, Naismith RT. The present efficacy of multiple sclerosis therapeutics: Is the new 66% just the old 33%? Neurology 2009; 73:984-90.
    • (2009) Neurology , vol.73 , pp. 984-990
    • Klawiter, E.C.1    Cross, A.H.2    Naismith, R.T.3
  • 9
    • 0036305186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis: Deeper understanding of its pathogenesis reveals new targets for therapy
    • Steinman L, Martin R, Bernard C, Conlon P, Oksenberg JR. Multiple sclerosis: deeper understanding of its pathogenesis reveals new targets for therapy. Ann Rev Neurosci 2002; 25:491-505.
    • (2002) Ann Rev Neurosci , vol.25 , pp. 491-505
    • Steinman, L.1    Martin, R.2    Bernard, C.3    Conlon, P.4    Oksenberg, J.R.5
  • 10
    • 55349135951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel therapeutic strategies for multiple sclerosis - A multifaceted adversary
    • Lopez-Diego RS, Weiner HL. Novel therapeutic strategies for multiple sclerosis - a multifaceted adversary. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2008; 7:909-25.
    • (2008) Nat Rev Drug Discov , vol.7 , pp. 909-925
    • Lopez-Diego, R.S.1    Weiner, H.L.2
  • 11
    • 54349101744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and development of new therapeutics for multiple sclerosis
    • Linker RA, Kieseier BC, Gold R. Identification and development of new therapeutics for multiple sclerosis. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2008; 29:558-65.
    • (2008) Trends Pharmacol Sci , vol.29 , pp. 558-565
    • Linker, R.A.1    Kieseier, B.C.2    Gold, R.3
  • 12
    • 67650481214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging therapies for relapsing multiple sclerosis
    • Cohen JA. Emerging therapies for relapsing multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 2009; 66:821-8.
    • (2009) Arch Neurol , vol.66 , pp. 821-828
    • Cohen, J.A.1
  • 13
    • 74249097818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monoclonal antibodies in MS: Mechanisms of action
    • Bielekova B, Becker BL. Monoclonal antibodies in MS: mechanisms of action. Neurology 2010; 74:31-40.
    • (2010) Neurology , vol.74 , pp. 31-40
    • Bielekova, B.1    Becker, B.L.2
  • 14
    • 59349104779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rituximab levels in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neurological autoimmune disorders
    • Petereit HF, Rubbert-Roth A. Rituximab levels in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neurological autoimmune disorders. Mult Scler 2009; 15:189-92.
    • (2009) Mult Scler , vol.15 , pp. 189-192
    • Petereit, H.F.1    Rubbert-Roth, A.2
  • 15
    • 54349085579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LINGO-1 antagonists as therapy for multiple sclerosis: In vitro and in vivo evidence
    • Rudick RA, Mi S, Sandrock AW Jr. LINGO-1 antagonists as therapy for multiple sclerosis: in vitro and in vivo evidence. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2008; 8:1561-70.
    • (2008) Expert Opin Biol Ther , vol.8 , pp. 1561-1570
    • Rudick, R.A.1    Mi, S.2    Sandrock Jr., A.W.3
  • 16
    • 33646831450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nogo in multiple sclerosis: Growing roles of a growth inhibitor
    • Fontoura P, Steinman L. Nogo in multiple sclerosis: growing roles of a growth inhibitor. J Neurol Sci 2006; 245:201-10.
    • (2006) J Neurol Sci , vol.245 , pp. 201-210
    • Fontoura, P.1    Steinman, L.2
  • 17
    • 77949300796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (11)C-PiB PET assessment of change in fibrillar amyloid-beta load in patients with Alzheimer's disease treated with bapineuzumab: A phase 2, double-blind, placebo-controlled, ascending-dose study
    • Rinne JO, Brooks DJ, Rossor MN, Fox NC, Bullock R, Klunk WE, et al. (11)C-PiB PET assessment of change in fibrillar amyloid-beta load in patients with Alzheimer's disease treated with bapineuzumab: a phase 2, double-blind, placebo-controlled, ascending-dose study. Lancet Neurol 2010; 9:363-72.
    • (2010) Lancet Neurol , vol.9 , pp. 363-372
    • Rinne, J.O.1    Brooks, D.J.2    Rossor, M.N.3    Fox, N.C.4    Bullock, R.5    Klunk, W.E.6
  • 18
    • 0025681757 scopus 로고
    • The use of monoclonal antibodies for treatment of autoimmune disease
    • Steinman L. The use of monoclonal antibodies for treatment of autoimmune disease. J Clin Immunol 1990; 10:30-8.
    • (1990) J Clin Immunol , vol.10 , pp. 30-38
    • Steinman, L.1
  • 19
    • 33746778816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug insight: Using monoclonal antibodies to treat multiple sclerosis
    • Hohlfeld R, Wekerle H. Drug insight: using monoclonal antibodies to treat multiple sclerosis. Nat Clin Pract Neurol 2005; 1:34-44.
    • (2005) Nat Clin Pract Neurol , vol.1 , pp. 34-44
    • Hohlfeld, R.1    Wekerle, H.2
  • 20
    • 0029751983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased MRI activity and immune activation in two multiple sclerosis patients treated with the monoclonal anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody cA2
    • van Oosten BW, Barkhof F, Truyen L, Boringa JB, Bertelsmann FW, von Blomberg BM, et al. Increased MRI activity and immune activation in two multiple sclerosis patients treated with the monoclonal anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody cA2. Neurology 1996; 47:1531-4.
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.47 , pp. 1531-1534
    • Van Oosten, B.W.1    Barkhof, F.2    Truyen, L.3    Boringa, J.B.4    Bertelsmann, F.W.5    Von Blomberg, B.M.6
  • 21
    • 0036022681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic approaches in multiple sclerosis: Lessons from failed and interrupted treatment trials
    • Wiendl H, Hohlfeld R. Therapeutic approaches in multiple sclerosis: lessons from failed and interrupted treatment trials. BioDrugs 2002; 16:183-200.
    • (2002) BioDrugs , vol.16 , pp. 183-200
    • Wiendl, H.1    Hohlfeld, R.2
  • 22
    • 3042847542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune therapy for autoimmune diseases
    • Steinman L. Immune therapy for autoimmune diseases. Science 2004; 305:212-6.
    • (2004) Science , vol.305 , pp. 212-216
    • Steinman, L.1
  • 23
    • 33847206969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-17 family cytokines and the expanding diversity of effector T cell lineages
    • Weaver CT, Hatton RD, Mangan PR, Harrington LE. IL-17 family cytokines and the expanding diversity of effector T cell lineages. Ann Rev Immunol 2007; 25:821-52.
    • (2007) Ann Rev Immunol , vol.25 , pp. 821-852
    • Weaver, C.T.1    Hatton, R.D.2    Mangan, P.R.3    Harrington, L.E.4
  • 24
    • 77954563548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current views on the roles of Th1 and Th17 cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • El-Behi M, Rostami A, Ciric B. Current views on the roles of Th1 and Th17 cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmune Pharm 2010;5:189-97.
    • (2010) J Neuroimmune Pharm , vol.5 , pp. 189-197
    • El-Behi, M.1    Rostami, A.2    Ciric, B.3
  • 25
    • 48849087125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repeated subcutaneous injections of IL12/23 p40 neutralising antibody, ustekinumab, in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A phase II, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, dose-ranging study
    • Segal BM, Constantinescu CS, Raychaudhuri A, Kim L, Fidelus-Gort R, Kasper LH. Repeated subcutaneous injections of IL12/23 p40 neutralising antibody, ustekinumab, in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a phase II, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, dose-ranging study. Lancet Neurol 2008; 7:796-804.
    • (2008) Lancet Neurol , vol.7 , pp. 796-804
    • Segal, B.M.1    Constantinescu, C.S.2    Raychaudhuri, A.3    Kim, L.4    Fidelus-Gort, R.5    Kasper, L.H.6
  • 26
    • 73849124607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ustekinumab: Lessons learned from targeting interleukin-12/23p40 in immune-mediated diseases
    • Elliott M, Benson J, Blank M, Brodmerkel C, Baker D, Sharples KR, et al. Ustekinumab: lessons learned from targeting interleukin-12/23p40 in immune-mediated diseases. Ann NY Acad Sci 2009; 1182:97-110.
    • (2009) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.1182 , pp. 97-110
    • Elliott, M.1    Benson, J.2    Blank, M.3    Brodmerkel, C.4    Baker, D.5    Sharples, K.R.6
  • 27
    • 43249103954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Getting specific: Monoclonal antibodies in multiple sclerosis
    • Lutterotti A, Martin R. Getting specific: monoclonal antibodies in multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol 2008; 7:538-47.
    • (2008) Lancet Neurol , vol.7 , pp. 538-547
    • Lutterotti, A.1    Martin, R.2
  • 28
    • 41649115484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treating multiple sclerosis with monoclonal antibodies
    • Buttmann M, Rieckmann P. Treating multiple sclerosis with monoclonal antibodies. Expert Rev Neurother 2008; 8:433-55.
    • (2008) Expert Rev Neurother , vol.8 , pp. 433-455
    • Buttmann, M.1    Rieckmann, P.2
  • 30
    • 34250779802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natalizumab for multiple sclerosis
    • Ransohoff RM. Natalizumab for multiple sclerosis. New Engl J Med 2007; 356:2622-9.
    • (2007) New Engl J Med , vol.356 , pp. 2622-2629
    • Ransohoff, R.M.1
  • 31
    • 34447300469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natalizumab (Tysabri) treatment for relapsing multiple sclerosis
    • Johnson KP. Natalizumab (Tysabri) treatment for relapsing multiple sclerosis. Neurologist 2007; 13:182-7.
    • (2007) Neurologist , vol.13 , pp. 182-187
    • Johnson, K.P.1
  • 32
    • 23744475685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ins and outs of T-lymphocyte trafficking to the CNS: Anatomical sites and molecular mechanisms
    • Engelhardt B, Ransohoff RM. The ins and outs of T-lymphocyte trafficking to the CNS: anatomical sites and molecular mechanisms. Trends Immunol 2005; 26:485-95.
    • (2005) Trends Immunol , vol.26 , pp. 485-495
    • Engelhardt, B.1    Ransohoff, R.M.2
  • 33
    • 0026506799 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by antibodies against alpha4beta1 integrin
    • Yednock TA, Cannon C, Fritz LC, Sanchez-Madrid F, Steinman L, Karin N. Prevention of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by antibodies against alpha4beta1 integrin. Nature 1992; 356:63-6.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.356 , pp. 63-66
    • Yednock, T.A.1    Cannon, C.2    Fritz, L.C.3    Sanchez-Madrid, F.4    Steinman, L.5    Karin, N.6
  • 34
    • 20844454381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blocking adhesion molecules as therapy for multiple sclerosis: Natalizumab
    • Steinman L. Blocking adhesion molecules as therapy for multiple sclerosis: natalizumab. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2005; 4:510-8.
    • (2005) Nat Rev Drug Discov , vol.4 , pp. 510-518
    • Steinman, L.1
  • 37
    • 17644398787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-alpha4 integrin therapy for multiple sclerosis: Mechanisms and rationale
    • Rice GP, Hartung HP, Calabresi PA. Anti-alpha4 integrin therapy for multiple sclerosis: mechanisms and rationale. Neurology 2005; 64:1336-42.
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.64 , pp. 1336-1342
    • Rice, G.P.1    Hartung, H.P.2    Calabresi, P.A.3
  • 39
    • 33646347610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune surveillance in multiple sclerosis patients treated with natalizumab
    • Stuve O, Marra CM, Jerome KR, Cook L, Cravens PD, Cepok S, et al. Immune surveillance in multiple sclerosis patients treated with natalizumab. Ann Neurol 2006; 59:743-7.
    • (2006) Ann Neurol , vol.59 , pp. 743-747
    • Stuve, O.1    Marra, C.M.2    Jerome, K.R.3    Cook, L.4    Cravens, P.D.5    Cepok, S.6
  • 40
    • 33646347357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natalizumab effects on immune cell responses in multiple sclerosis
    • Niino M, Bodner C, Simard ML, Alatab S, Gano D, Kim HJ, et al. Natalizumab effects on immune cell responses in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2006; 59:748-54.
    • (2006) Ann Neurol , vol.59 , pp. 748-754
    • Niino, M.1    Bodner, C.2    Simard, M.L.3    Alatab, S.4    Gano, D.5    Kim, H.J.6
  • 42
    • 33746724686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatalities in natalizumab treatment - A 'no go' for leukocyte recirculation approaches?
    • Li YY, Perez HD, Zollner TM. Fatalities in natalizumab treatment - a 'no go' for leukocyte recirculation approaches? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2006; 10:489-99.
    • (2006) Expert Opin Ther Targets , vol.10 , pp. 489-499
    • Li, Y.Y.1    Perez, H.D.2    Zollner, T.M.3
  • 43
    • 34047272106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natalizumab treatment for multiple sclerosis: Recommendations for patient selection and monitoring
    • Kappos L, Bates D, Hartung HP, Havrdova E, Miller D, Polman CH, et al. Natalizumab treatment for multiple sclerosis: recommendations for patient selection and monitoring. Lancet Neurol 2007; 6:431-41.
    • (2007) Lancet Neurol , vol.6 , pp. 431-441
    • Kappos, L.1    Bates, D.2    Hartung, H.P.3    Havrdova, E.4    Miller, D.5    Polman, C.H.6
  • 44
    • 77949279537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with multiple sclerosis: Lessons from 28 cases
    • Clifford DB, Deluca A, Simpson DM, Arendt G, Giovannoni G, Nath A. Natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with multiple sclerosis: lessons from 28 cases. Lancet Neurol 2010; 9:438-46.
    • (2010) Lancet Neurol , vol.9 , pp. 438-446
    • Clifford, D.B.1    Deluca, A.2    Simpson, D.M.3    Arendt, G.4    Giovannoni, G.5    Nath, A.6
  • 45
    • 54049087015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment: The use of natalizumab (Tysabri) for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (an evidence-based review): Report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology
    • Goodin DS, Cohen BA, O'Connor P, Kappos L, Stevens JC. Assessment: the use of natalizumab (Tysabri) for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (an evidence-based review): report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 2008; 71:766-73.
    • (2008) Neurology , vol.71 , pp. 766-773
    • Goodin, D.S.1    Cohen, B.A.2    O'Connor, P.3    Kappos, L.4    Stevens, J.C.5
  • 47
    • 8844269161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The human polyomavirus, JCV, uses serotonin receptors to infect cells
    • Elphick GF, Querbes W, Jordan JA, Gee GV, Eash S, Manley K, et al. The human polyomavirus, JCV, uses serotonin receptors to infect cells. Science 2004; 306:1380-3.
    • (2004) Science , vol.306 , pp. 1380-1383
    • Elphick, G.F.1    Querbes, W.2    Jordan, J.A.3    Gee, G.V.4    Eash, S.5    Manley, K.6
  • 48
    • 70349440918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary central nervous system lymphoma in a patient treated with natalizumab
    • Schweikert A, Kremer M, Ringel F, Liebig T, Duyster J, Stuve O, et al. Primary central nervous system lymphoma in a patient treated with natalizumab. Ann Neurol 2009; 66:403-6.
    • (2009) Ann Neurol , vol.66 , pp. 403-406
    • Schweikert, A.1    Kremer, M.2    Ringel, F.3    Liebig, T.4    Duyster, J.5    Stuve, O.6
  • 49
    • 72749090843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanoma in multiple sclerosis treated with natalizumab: Causal association or coincidence?
    • Bergamaschi R, Montomoli C. Melanoma in multiple sclerosis treated with natalizumab: causal association or coincidence? Mult Scler 2009; 15:1532-3.
    • (2009) Mult Scler , vol.15 , pp. 1532-1533
    • Bergamaschi, R.1    Montomoli, C.2
  • 50
    • 33645812129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulatory CD56(bright) natural killer cells mediate immunomodulatory effects of IL-2Ralpha-targeted therapy (daclizumab) in multiple sclerosis
    • Bielekova B, Catalfamo M, Reichert-Scrivner S, Packer A, Cerna M, Waldmann TA, et al. Regulatory CD56(bright) natural killer cells mediate immunomodulatory effects of IL-2Ralpha-targeted therapy (daclizumab) in multiple sclerosis. P Natl Acad Sci USA 2006; 103:5941-6.
    • (2006) P Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.103 , pp. 5941-5946
    • Bielekova, B.1    Catalfamo, M.2    Reichert-Scrivner, S.3    Packer, A.4    Cerna, M.5    Waldmann, T.A.6
  • 51
    • 65249155884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulatory T cells are reduced during anti-CD25 antibody treatment of multiple sclerosis
    • Oh U, Blevins G, Griffith C, Richert N, Maric D, Lee CR, et al. Regulatory T cells are reduced during anti-CD25 antibody treatment of multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 2009; 66:471-9.
    • (2009) Arch Neurol , vol.66 , pp. 471-479
    • Oh, U.1    Blevins, G.2    Griffith, C.3    Richert, N.4    Maric, D.5    Lee, C.R.6
  • 52
    • 2942537826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Humanized anti-CD25 (daclizumab) inhibits disease activity in multiple sclerosis patients failing to respond to interferon beta
    • Bielekova B, Richert N, Howard T, Blevins G, Markovic-Plese S, McCartin J, et al. Humanized anti-CD25 (daclizumab) inhibits disease activity in multiple sclerosis patients failing to respond to interferon beta. P Natl Acad Sci USA 2004; 101:8705-8.
    • (2004) P Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.101 , pp. 8705-8708
    • Bielekova, B.1    Richert, N.2    Howard, T.3    Blevins, G.4    Markovic-Plese, S.5    McCartin, J.6
  • 53
    • 65249138318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of anti-CD25 antibody daclizumab in the inhibition of inflammation and stabilization of disease progression in multiple sclerosis
    • Bielekova B, Howard T, Packer AN, Richert N, Blevins G, Ohayon J, et al. Effect of anti-CD25 antibody daclizumab in the inhibition of inflammation and stabilization of disease progression in multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 2009; 66:483-9.
    • (2009) Arch Neurol , vol.66 , pp. 483-489
    • Bielekova, B.1    Howard, T.2    Packer, A.N.3    Richert, N.4    Blevins, G.5    Ohayon, J.6
  • 54
    • 77949301468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Daclizumab in active relapsing multiple sclerosis (CHOICE study): A phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, add-on trial with interferon beta
    • Wynn D, Kaufman M, Montalban X, Vollmer T, Simon J, Elkins J, et al. Daclizumab in active relapsing multiple sclerosis (CHOICE study): a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, add-on trial with interferon beta. Lancet Neurol 2010; 9:381-90.
    • (2010) Lancet Neurol , vol.9 , pp. 381-390
    • Wynn, D.1    Kaufman, M.2    Montalban, X.3    Vollmer, T.4    Simon, J.5    Elkins, J.6
  • 55
    • 31544467633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The window of therapeutic opportunity in multiple sclerosis: Evidence from monoclonal antibody therapy
    • Coles AJ, Cox A, Le Page E, Jones J, Trip SA, Deans J, et al. The window of therapeutic opportunity in multiple sclerosis: evidence from monoclonal antibody therapy. J Neurol 2006; 253:98-108.
    • (2006) J Neurol , vol.253 , pp. 98-108
    • Coles, A.J.1    Cox, A.2    Le Page, E.3    Jones, J.4    Trip, S.A.5    Deans, J.6
  • 56
    • 0033552391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulsed monoclonal antibody treatment and autoimmune thyroid disease in multiple sclerosis
    • Coles AJ, Wing M, Smith S, Coraddu F, Greer S, Taylor C, et al. Pulsed monoclonal antibody treatment and autoimmune thyroid disease in multiple sclerosis. Lancet 1999; 354:1691-5.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354 , pp. 1691-1695
    • Coles, A.J.1    Wing, M.2    Smith, S.3    Coraddu, F.4    Greer, S.5    Taylor, C.6
  • 58
    • 68849084141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-21 drives secondary autoimmunity in patients with multiple sclerosis, following therapeutic lymphocyte depletion with alemtuzumab (Campath-1H)
    • Jones JL, Phuah CL, Cox AL, Thompson SA, Ban M, Shawcross J, et al. IL-21 drives secondary autoimmunity in patients with multiple sclerosis, following therapeutic lymphocyte depletion with alemtuzumab (Campath-1H). J Clin Invest 2009; 119:2052-61.
    • (2009) J Clin Invest , vol.119 , pp. 2052-2061
    • Jones, J.L.1    Phuah, C.L.2    Cox, A.L.3    Thompson, S.A.4    Ban, M.5    Shawcross, J.6
  • 59
    • 54949144705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ocrelizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against CD20 for inflammatory disorders and B-cell malignancies
    • Hutas G. Ocrelizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against CD20 for inflammatory disorders and B-cell malignancies. Curr Opin Invest Dr 2008; 9:1206-15.
    • (2008) Curr Opin Invest Dr , vol.9 , pp. 1206-1215
    • Hutas, G.1
  • 60
    • 67649368710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ofatumumab, a second-generation anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, for the treatment of lymphoproliferative and autoimmune disorders
    • Castillo J, Milani C, Mendez-Allwood D. Ofatumumab, a second-generation anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, for the treatment of lymphoproliferative and autoimmune disorders. Expert Opin Inv Drug 2009; 18:491-500.
    • (2009) Expert Opin Inv Drug , vol.18 , pp. 491-500
    • Castillo, J.1    Milani, C.2    Mendez-Allwood, D.3
  • 62
    • 54049122104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B cells as therapeutic targets in autoimmune neurological disorders
    • Dalakas MC. B cells as therapeutic targets in autoimmune neurological disorders. Nat Clin Pract Neurol 2008; 4:557-67.
    • (2008) Nat Clin Pract Neurol , vol.4 , pp. 557-567
    • Dalakas, M.C.1
  • 63
    • 34249700046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meningeal B-cell follicles in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis associate with early onset of disease and severe cortical pathology
    • Magliozzi R, Howell O, Vora A, Serafini B, Nicholas R, Puopolo M, et al. Meningeal B-cell follicles in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis associate with early onset of disease and severe cortical pathology. Brain 2007; 130:1089-104.
    • (2007) Brain , vol.130 , pp. 1089-1104
    • Magliozzi, R.1    Howell, O.2    Vora, A.3    Serafini, B.4    Nicholas, R.5    Puopolo, M.6
  • 65
    • 50349102854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B cells and autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and related inflammatory demyelinating diseases
    • McLaughlin KA, Wucherpfennig KW. B cells and autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and related inflammatory demyelinating diseases. Adv Immunol 2008; 98:121-49.
    • (2008) Adv Immunol , vol.98 , pp. 121-149
    • McLaughlin, K.A.1    Wucherpfennig, K.W.2
  • 68
    • 70449418132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rituximab in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis: Results of a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter trial
    • Hawker K, O'Connor P, Freedman MS, Calabresi PA, Antel J, Simon J, et al. Rituximab in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis: results of a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter trial. Ann Neurol 2009; 66:460-71.
    • (2009) Ann Neurol , vol.66 , pp. 460-471
    • Hawker, K.1    O'Connor, P.2    Freedman, M.S.3    Calabresi, P.A.4    Antel, J.5    Simon, J.6
  • 69
    • 39449084449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuromyelitis optica: A new perspective
    • Pittock SJ. Neuromyelitis optica: a new perspective. Sem Neurol 2008; 28:95-104.
    • (2008) Sem Neurol , vol.28 , pp. 95-104
    • Pittock, S.J.1
  • 70
    • 55949127730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of neuromyelitis optica with rituximab: Retrospective analysis of 25 patients
    • Jacob A, Weinshenker BG, Violich I, McLinskey N, Krupp L, Fox RJ, et al. Treatment of neuromyelitis optica with rituximab: retrospective analysis of 25 patients. Arch Neurol 2008; 65:1443-8.
    • (2008) Arch Neurol , vol.65 , pp. 1443-1448
    • Jacob, A.1    Weinshenker, B.G.2    Violich, I.3    McLinskey, N.4    Krupp, L.5    Fox, R.J.6
  • 71
    • 42649124913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Not always the bad guys: B cells as regulators of autoimmune pathology
    • Fillatreau S, Gray D, Anderton SM. Not always the bad guys: B cells as regulators of autoimmune pathology. Nat Rev Immunol 2008; 8:391-7.
    • (2008) Nat Rev Immunol , vol.8 , pp. 391-397
    • Fillatreau, S.1    Gray, D.2    Anderton, S.M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.