Bartonella spp.: Throwing light on uncommon human infections

International Journal of Medical Microbiology

Volumn 301, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 7-15

  Kaiser, Patrick O ^a   Riess, Tanja ^a   O'Rourke, Fiona ^a   Linke, Dirk ^b   Kempf, Volkhard A J ^a  

^a GOETHE UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^b MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY   (Germany)

Author keywords

Bartonella adhesin A; Diagnostics; Epidemiology; Vectors; VirB D4 type IV secretion system

Indexed keywords

ADHESIN; BACTERIUM ANTIBODY; ERYTHROMYCIN;

BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS; BACTERIAL INFECTION; BACTERIUM ADHERENCE; BACTERIUM CULTURE; BACTERIUM ISOLATION; BARTONELLA BACILLIFORMIS; BARTONELLA CLARRIDGEIAE; BARTONELLA HENSELAE; BARTONELLA QUINTANA; BARTONELLOSIS; BITE WOUND; BRAIN DISEASE; CARRION DISEASE; CAT SCRATCH DISEASE; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; ERYTHROCYTE DISORDER; FEVER; GRANULOMATOUS HEPATITIS; HEADACHE; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION RETINOPATHY; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE TEST; LYMPHADENITIS; NEOVASCULARIZATION (PATHOLOGY); NONHUMAN; OSTEOMYELITIS; PATHOGENICITY; PELIOSIS HEPATIS; PLASMID; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; SEROLOGY; SHORT SURVEY; SPLENOMEGALY; TRENCH FEVER; VIRUS CELL INTERACTION;

ANIMALS; ASYMPTOMATIC DISEASES; BARTONELLA; BARTONELLA INFECTIONS; HUMANS; ZOONOSES;

EID: 78649634123     PISSN: 14384221     EISSN: 16180607     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2010.06.004     Document Type: Short Survey

References (108)

1. Alsmark C.M., Frank A.C., Karlberg E.O., Legault B.A., Ardell D.H., Canbäck B., Eriksson A.S., Näslund A.K., Handley S.A., Huvet M., La Scola B., Holmberg M., Andersson S.G. The louse-borne human pathogen Bartonella quintana is a genomic derivative of the zoonotic agent Bartonella henselae. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004, 101:9716-9721.
2. Altschul S.F., Madden T.L., Schäffer A.A., Zhang J., Zhang Z., Miller W., Lipman D.J. Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs. Nucleic Acids Res 1997, 25:3389-3402.
3. Aly K.A., Baron C. The VirB5 protein localizes to the T-pilus tips in Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Microbiology 2007, 153:3766-3775.
4. Anderson B.E., Neuman M.A. Bartonella spp. as emerging human pathogens. Clin Microbiol Rev 1997, 10:203-219.
5. Angelakis E., Pulcini C., Waton J., Imbert P., Socolovschi C., Edouard S., Dellamonica P., Raoult D. Scalp eschar and neck lymphadenopathy caused by Bartonella henselae after tick bite. Clin Infect Dis 2010, 50:549-551.
6. Arvand M., Ignatius R., Regnath T., Hahn H., Mielke M.E. Bartonella henselae-specific cell-mediated immune responses display a predominantly Th1 phenotype in experimentally infected C57BL/6 mice. Infect Immun 2001, 69:6427-6433.
7. Batterman H.J., Peek J.A., Loutit J.S., Falkow S., Tompkins L.S. Bartonella henselae and Bartonella quintana adherence to and entry into cultured human epithelial cells. Infect Immun 1995, 63:4553-4556.
8. Berglund E.C., Frank A.C., Calteau A., Vinnere P.O., Granberg F., Eriksson A.S., Näslund K., Holmberg M., Lindroos H., Andersson S.G. Run-off replication of host-adaptability genes is associated with gene transfer agents in the genome of mouse-infecting Bartonella grahamii. PLoS Genet 2009, 5:e1000546.
9. Billeter S.A., Levy M.G., Chomel B.B., Breitschwerdt E.B. Vector transmission of Bartonella species with emphasis on the potential for tick transmission. Med Vet Entomol 2008, 22:1-15.
10. Blouin C.C., Page E.L., Soucy G.M., Richard D.E. Hypoxic gene activation by lipopolysaccharide in macrophages: implication of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha. Blood 2004, 103:1124-1130.
11. Boonjakuakul J.K., Gerns H.L., Chen Y.T., Hicks L.D., Minnick M.F., Dixon S.E., Hall S.C., Koehler J.E. Proteomic and immunoblot analyses of Bartonella quintana total membrane proteins identify antigens recognized by sera from infected patients. Infect Immun 2007, 75:2548-2561.
12. Bown K.J., Bennet M., Begon M. Flea-borne Bartonella grahamii and Bartonella taylorii in bank voles. Emerg Infect Dis 2004, 10:684-687.
13. Breitschwerdt E.B., Maggi R.G., Nicholson W.L., Cherry N.A., Woods C.W. Bartonella sp. bacteremia in patients with neurological and neurocognitive dysfunction. J Clin Microbiol 2008, 46:2856-2861.
14. Brouqui P., LaScola B., Roux V., Raoult D. Chronic Bartonella quintana bacteremia in homeless patients. N Engl J Med 1999, 340:184-189.
15. Buchmann A.U., Kempf V.A., Kershaw O., Gruber A.D. Peliosis hepatis in cats is not associated with Bartonella henselae infections. Vet Pathol 2010, 47:163-166.
16. Carmeliet P. Angiogenesis in life, disease and medicine. Nature 2005, 438:932-936.
17. Cascales E., Christie P.J. The versatile bacterial type IV secretion systems. Nat Rev Microbiol 2003, 1:137-149.
18. Chang C.C., Chomel B.B., Kasten R.W., Romano V., Tietze N. Molecular evidence of Bartonella spp. in questing adult Ixodes pacificus ticks in California. J Clin Microbiol 2001, 39:1221-1226.
19. Chilton M.D., Drummond M.H., Merio D.J., Sciaky D., Montoya A.L., Gordon M.P., Nester E.W. Stable incorporation of plasmid DNA into higher plant cells: the molecular basis of crown gall tumorigenesis. Cell 1977, 11:263-271.
20. Christie P.J., Atmakuri K., Krishnamoorthy V., Jakubowski S., Cascales E. Biogenesis, architecture, and function of bacterial type IV secretion systems. Annu Rev Microbiol 2005, 59:451-485.
21. Comanducci M., Bambini S., Brunelli B., Adu-Bobie J., Arico B., Capecchi B., Giuliani M.M., Masignani V., Santini L., Savino S., Granoff D.M., Caugant D.A., Pizza M., Rappuoli R., Mora M. NadA, a novel vaccine candidate of Neisseria meningitidis. J Exp Med 2002, 195:1445-1454.
22. Cotte V., Bonnet S., Le Rhun D., Le Naour E., Chauvin A., Boulouis H.J., Lecuelle B., Lilin T., Vayssier-Taussat M. Transmission of Bartonella henselae by Ixodes ricinus. Emerg Infect Dis 2008, 14:1074-1080.
23. Dauga C., Miras I., Grimont P.A. Identification of Bartonella henselae and B. quintana 16s rDNA sequences by branch-, genus- and species-specific amplification. J Med Microbiol 1996, 45:192-199.
24. Dehio C. Bartonella - host-cell interactions and vascular tumour formation. Nat Rev Microbiol 2005, 3:621-631.
25. Dehio C., Meyer M. Maintenance of broad-host-range incompatibility group P and group Q plasmids and transposition of Tn5 in Bartonella henselae following conjugal plasmid transfer from Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 1997, 179:538-540.
26. Dehio M., Knorre A., Lanz C., Dehio C. Construction of versatile high-level expression vectors for Bartonella henselae and the use of green fluorescent protein as a new expression marker. Gene 1998, 215:223-229.
27. Dietrich F., Schmidgen T., Maggi R.G., Richter D., Matuschka F.R., Vonthein R., Breitschwerdt E.B., Kempf V.A. Prevalence of Bartonella henselae and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato DNA in Ixodes ricinus ticks in Europe. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010, 76:1395-1398.
28. Drancourt M., Tran-Hung L., Courtin J., Lumley H., Raoult D. Bartonella quintana in a 4000-year-old human tooth. J Infect Dis 2005, 191:607-611.
29. Eberhardt C., Engelmann S., Kusch H., Albrecht D., Hecker M., Autenrieth I.B., Kempf V.A. Proteomic analysis of the bacterial pathogen Bartonella henselae and identification of immunogenic proteins for serodiagnosis. Proteomics 2009, 9:1967-1981.
30. Eremeeva M.E., Gerns H.L., Lydy S.L., Goo J.S., Ryan E.T., Mathew S.S., Ferraro M.J., Holden J.M., Nicholson W.L., Dasch G.A., Koehler J.E. Bacteremia, fever, and splenomegaly caused by a newly recognized Bartonella species. N Engl J Med 2007, 356:2381-2387.
31. Frank A.C., Alsmark C.M., Thollesson M., Andersson S.G. Functional divergence and horizontal transfer of type IV secretion systems. Mol Biol Evol 2005, 22:1325-1336.
32. Galan J.E., Collmer A. Type III secretion machines: bacterial devices for protein delivery into host cells. Science 1999, 284:1322-1328.
33. Garcia F.U., Wojta J., Broadley K.N., Davidson J.M., Hoover R.L. Bartonella bacilliformis stimulates endothelial cells in vitro and is angiogenic in vivo. Am J Pathol 1990, 136:1125-1135.
34. Gilmore R.D., Bellville T.M., Sviat S.L., Frace M. The Bartonella vinsonii subsp. arupensis immunodominant surface antigen BrpA gene, encoding a 382-kilodalton protein composed of repetitive sequences, is a member of a multigene family conserved among Bartonella species. Infect Immun 2005, 73:3128-3136.
35. Gouriet F., Fenollar F., Patrice J.Y., Drancourt M., Raoult D. Use of shell-vial cell culture assay for isolation of bacteria from clinical specimens: 13 years of experience. J Clin Microbiol 2005, 43:4993-5002.
36. Grosskinsky U., Schütz M., Fritz M., Schmid Y., Lamparter M.C., Szczesny P., Lupas A.N., Autenrieth I.B., Linke D. A conserved glycine residue of trimeric autotransporter domains plays a key role in Yersinia adhesin A autotransport. J Bacteriol 2007, 189:9011-9019.
37. Henn J.B., Chomel B.B., Boulouis H.J., Kasten R.W., Murray W.J., Bar-Gal G.K., King R., Courreau J.F., Baneth G. Bartonella rochalimae in raccoons, coyotes, and red foxes. Emerg Infect Dis 2009, 15:1984-1987.
38. Hercik K., Hasova V., Janecek J., Branny P. Molecular evidence of Bartonella DNA in ixodid ticks in Czechia. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2007, 52:503-509.
39. Hoiczyk E., Roggenkamp A., Reichenbecher M., Lupas A., Heesemann J. Structure and sequence analysis of Yersinia YadA and Moraxella UspAs reveal a novel class of adhesins. EMBO J 2000, 19:5989-5999.
40. Jackson L.A., Perkins B.A., Wenger J.D. Cat scratch disease in the United States: an analysis of three national databases. Am J Public Health 1993, 83:1707-1711.
41. Jensen W.A., Fall M.Z., Rooney J., Kordick D.L., Breitschwerdt E.B. Rapid identification and differentiation of Bartonella species using a single-step PCR assay. J Clin Microbiol 2000, 38:1717-1722.
42. Journet L., Agrain C., Broz P., Cornelis G.R. The needle length of bacterial injectisomes is determined by a molecular ruler. Science 2003, 302:1757-1760.
43. Kaiser P.O., Riess T., Wagner C.L., Linke D., Lupas A.N., Schwarz H., Raddatz G., Schäfer A., Kempf V.A. The head of Bartonella adhesin A is crucial for host cell interaction of Bartonella henselae. Cell Microbiol 2008, 10:2223-2234.
44. Kempf V.A., Hitziger N., Riess T., Autenrieth I.B. Do plant and human pathogens have a common pathogenicity strategy?. Trends Microbiol 2002, 10:269-275.
45. Kempf V.A., Lebiedziejewski M., Alitalo K., Wälzlein J.H., Ehehalt U., Fiebig J., Huber S., Schütt B., Sander C.A., Müller S., Grassl G., Yazdi A.S., Brehm B., Autenrieth I.B. Activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 in bacillary angiomatosis: evidence for a role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 in bacterial infections. Circulation 2005, 111:1054-1062.
46. Kempf V.A., Schaller M., Behrendt S., Volkmann B., Aepfelbacher M., Cakman I., Autenrieth I.B. Interaction of Bartonella henselae with endothelial cells results in rapid bacterial rRNA synthesis and replication. Cell Microbiol 2000, 2:431-441.
47. Kempf V.A., Volkmann B., Schaller M., Sander C.A., Alitalo K., Riess T., Autenrieth I.B. Evidence of a leading role for VEGF in Bartonella henselae-induced endothelial cell proliferations. Cell Microbiol 2001, 3:623-632.
48. Keret D., Giladi M., Kletter Y., Wientroub S. Cat-scratch disease osteomyelitis from a dog scratch. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1998, 80:766-767.
49. Kirby J.E. In vitro model of Bartonella henselae-induced angiogenesis. Infect Immun 2004, 72:7315-7317.
50. Koesling J., Aebischer T., Falch C., Schülein R., Dehio C. Cutting edge: antibody-mediated cessation of hemotropic infection by the intraerythrocytic mouse pathogen Bartonella grahamii. J Immunol 2001, 167:11-14.
51. Kosoy M., Morway C., Sheff K.W., Bai Y., Colborn J., Chalcraft L., Dowell S.F., Peruski L.F., Maloney S.A., Baggett H., Sutthirattana S., Sidhirat A., Maruyama S., Kabeya H., Chomel B.B., Kasten R., Popov V. Bartonella tamiae sp. nov., a newly recognized pathogen isolated from three human patients from Thailand. J Clin Microbiol 2008, 46:772-775.
52. Kunz S., Oberle K., Sander A., Bogdan C., Schleicher U. Lymphadenopathy in a novel mouse model of Bartonella-induced cat scratch disease results from lymphocyte immigration and proliferation and is regulated by interferon-alpha/beta. Am J Pathol 2008, 172:1005-1018.
53. Kyme P.A., Haas A., Schaller M., Peschel A., Iredell J., Kempf V.A. Unusual trafficking pattern of Bartonella henselae-containing vacuoles in macrophages and endothelial cells. Cell Microbiol 2005, 7:1019-1034.
54. La Scola B., Raoult D. Serological cross-reactions between Bartonella quintana, Bartonella henselae and Coxiella burnetii. J Clin Microbiol 1996, 34:2270-2274.
55. Lappin M.R., Griffin B., Brunt J., Riley A., Burney D., Hawley J., Brewer M.M., Jensen W.A. Prevalence of Bartonella species, haemoplasma species, Ehrlichia species, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Neorickettsia risticii DNA in the blood of cats and their fleas in the United States. J Feline Med Surg 2006, 8:85-90.
56. Linke D., Riess T., Autenrieth I.B., Lupas A., Kempf V.A. Trimeric autotransporter adhesins: variable structure, common function. Trends Microbiol 2006, 14:264-270.
57. Mackichan J.K., Gerns H.L., Chen Y.T., Zhang P., Koehler J.E. A SacB mutagenesis strategy reveals that the Bartonella quintana variably expressed outer membrane proteins are required for bloodstream infection of the host. Infect Immun 2008, 76:788-795.
58. Maggi R.G., Duncan A.W., Breitschwerdt E.B. Novel chemically modified liquid medium that will support the growth of seven Bartonella species. J Clin Microbiol 2005, 43:2651-2655.
59. Mändle T., Einsele H., Schaller M., Neumann D., Vogel W., Autenrieth I.B., Kempf V.A. Infection of human CD34+ progenitor cells with Bartonella henselae results in intraerythrocytic presence of B. henselae. Blood 2005, 106:1215-1222.
60. Maurin M., Eb F., Etienne J., Raoult D. Serological cross-reactions between Bartonella and Chlamydia species: implications for diagnosis. J Clin Microbiol 1997, 35:2283-2287.
61. Mavris M., Saenz H., Monteil M., Boulouis H.J., Dehio C., Vayssier-Taussat M. Characterization of genes involved in long-term bacteremia in mice by Bartonella birtlesii. Ann NY Acad Sci 2005, 1063:312-314.
62. McCool T.L., Hoey J.G., Montileone F., Goldenberg H.B., Mordechai E., Adelson M.E. Discovery and analysis of Bartonella henselae antigens for use in clinical serologic assays. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2008, 60:17-23.
63. McGill S.L., Friman G., Wesslen L., Hjelm E. Broad spectrum analysis of Bartonella intra- and inter-genus cross reactivity by immunoblot and immunofluorescence assay. 4th Int. Conf. on Bartonella as Emerging Pathogens 2004.
64. McGill S.L., Regnery R.L., Karem K.L. Characterization of human immunoglobulin (Ig) isotype and IgG subclass response to Bartonella henselae infection. Infect Immun 1998, 66:5915-5920.
65. Meng G., Surana N.K., St.Geme J.W., Waksman G. Structure of the outer membrane translocator domain of the Haemophilus influenzae Hia trimeric autotransporter. EMBO J 2006, 25:2297-2304.
66. Morales S.C., Breitschwerdt E.B., Washabau R.J., Matise I., Maggi R.G., Duncan A.W. Detection of Bartonella henselae DNA in two dogs with pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2007, 230:681-685.
67. Mota L.J., Journet L., Sorg I., Agrain C., Cornelis G.R. Bacterial injectisomes: needle length does matter. Science 2005, 307:1278.
68. Nystedt B., Frank A.C., Thollesson M., Andersson S.G. Diversifying selection and concerted evolution of a type IV secretion system in Bartonella. Mol Biol Evol 2008, 25:287-300.
69. Padmalayam I., Karem K., Baumstark B., Massung R. The gene encoding the 17-kDa antigen of Bartonella henselae is located within a cluster of genes homologous to the virB virulence operon. DNA Cell Biol 2000, 19:377-382.
70. Podsiadly E., Chmielewski T., Sochon E., Tylewska-Wierzbanowska S. Bartonella henselae in Ixodes ricinus ticks removed from dogs. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2007, 7:189-192.
71. Pugh C.W., Ratcliffe P.J. Regulation of angiogenesis by hypoxia: role of the HIF system. Nat Med 2003, 9:677-684.
72. Raoult D., Dutour O., Houhamdi L., Jankauskas R., Fournier P.E., Ardagna Y., Drancourt M., Signoli M., La V.D., Macia Y., Aboudharam G. Evidence for louse-transmitted diseases in soldiers of Napoleon's Grand Army in Vilnius. J Infect Dis 2006, 193:112-120.
73. Raoult D., Roblot F., Rolain J.M., Besnier J.M., Loulergue J., Bastides F., Choutet P. First isolation of Bartonella alsatica from a valve of a patient with endocarditis. J Clin Microbiol 2006, 44:278-279.
74. Rar V.A., Fomenko N.V., Dobrotvorsky A.K., Livanova N.N., Rudakova S.A., Fedorov E.G., Astanin V.B., Morozova O.V. Tickborne pathogen detection, Western Siberia, Russia. Emerg Infect Dis 2005, 11:1708-1715.
75. Ray S.K., Rajeshwari R., Sharma Y., Sonti R.V. A high-molecular-weight outer membrane protein of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae exhibits similarity to non-fimbrial adhesins of animal pathogenic bacteria and is required for optimum virulence. Mol Microbiol 2002, 46:637-647.
76. Regnath T., Mielke M.E., Arvand M., Hahn H. Murine model of Bartonella henselae infection in the immunocompetent host. Infect Immun 1998, 66:5534-5536.
77. Regnery R.L., Anderson B.E., Clarridge J.E., Rodriguez B.M., Jones D.C., Carr J.H. Characterization of a novel Rochalimaea species, R. henselae sp. nov., isolated from blood of a febrile, human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient. J Clin Microbiol 1992, 30:265-274.
78. Regnery R.L., Olson J.G., Perkins B.A., Bibb W. Serological response to " Rochalimaea henselae" antigen in suspected cat-scratch disease. Lancet 1992, 339:1443-1445.
79. Relman D.A., Falkow S., LeBoit P.E., Perkocha L.A., Min K.W., Welch D.F., Slater L.N. The organism causing bacillary angiomatosis, peliosis hepatis, and fever and bacteremia in immunocompromised patients. N Engl J Med 1991, 324:1514.
80. Relman D.A., Loutit J.S., Schmidt T.M., Falkow S., Tompkins L.S. The agent of bacillary angiomatosis. An approach to the identification of uncultured pathogens. N Engl J Med 1990, 323:1573-1580.
81. Rhomberg T.A., Truttmann M.C., Guye P., Ellner Y., Dehio C. A translocated protein of Bartonella henselae interferes with endocytic uptake of individual bacteria and triggers uptake of large bacterial aggregates via the invasome. Cell Microbiol 2009, 11:927-945.
82. Ridder G.J., Boedeker C.C., Technau-Ihling K., Grunow R., Sander A. Role of cat-scratch disease in lymphadenopathy in the head and neck. Clin Infect Dis 2002, 35:643-649.
83. Riess T., Anderson B., Fackelmayer A., Autenrieth I.B., Kempf V.A. Rapid and efficient transposon mutagenesis of Bartonella henselae by transposome technology. Gene 2003, 313:103-109.
84. Riess T., Andersson S.G., Lupas A., Schaller M., Schäfer A., Kyme P., Martin J., Wälzlein J.H., Ehehalt U., Lindroos H., Schirle M., Nordheim A., Autenrieth I.B., Kempf V.A. Bartonella adhesin A mediates a proangiogenic host cell response. J Exp Med 2004, 200:1267-1278.
85. Riess T., Dietrich F., Schmidt K.V., Kaiser P.O., Schwarz H., Schäfer A., Kempf V.A. Analysis of a novel insect cell culture medium-based growth medium for Bartonella species. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008, 74:5224-5227.
86. Riess T., Raddatz G., Linke D., Schäfer A., Kempf V.A. Analysis of Bartonella adhesin A expression reveals differences between various B. henselae strains. Infect Immun 2007, 75:35-43.
87. Rolain J.M., Foucault C., Brouqui P., Raoult D. Erythroblast cells as a target for Bartonella quintana in homeless people. Ann NY Acad Sci 2003, 990:485-487.
88. Rolain J.M., Franc M., Davoust B., Raoult D. Molecular detection of Bartonella quintana, B. koehlerae, B. henselae, B. clarridgeiae, Rickettsia felis and Wolbachia pipientis in cat fleas, France. Emerg Infect Dis 2003, 9:338-342.
89. Rolain J.M., La S.B., Liang Z., Davoust B., Raoult D. Immunofluorescent detection of intraerythrocytic Bartonella henselae in naturally infected cats. J Clin Microbiol 2001, 39:2978-2980.
90. Saenz H.L., Engel P., Stoeckli M.C., Lanz C., Raddatz G., Vayssier-Taussat M., Birtles R., Schuster S.C., Dehio C. Genomic analysis of Bartonella identifies type IV secretion systems as host adaptability factors. Nat Genet 2007, 39:1469-1476.
91. Sanogo Y.O., Zeaiter Z., Caruso G., Merola F., Shpynov S., Brouqui P., Raoult D. Bartonella henselae in Ixodes ricinus ticks (Acari: Ixodida) removed from humans, Belluno province, Italy. Emerg Infect Dis 2003, 9:329-332.
92. Scheidegger F., Ellner Y., Guye P., Rhomberg T.A., Weber H., Augustin H.G., Dehio C. Distinct activities of Bartonella henselae type IV secretion effector proteins modulate capillary-like sprout formation. Cell Microbiol 2009, 11:1088-1101.
93. Schmid M.C., Scheidegger F., Dehio M., Balmelle-Devaux N., Schülein R., Guye P., Chennakesava C.S., Biedermann B., Dehio C. A translocated bacterial protein protects vascular endothelial cells from apoptosis. PLoS Pathog 2006, 2:e115.
94. Schmid M.C., Schülein R., Dehio M., Denecker G., Carena I., Dehio C. The VirB type IV secretion system of Bartonella henselae mediates invasion, proinflammatory activation and antiapoptotic protection of endothelial cells. Mol Microbiol 2004, 52:81-92.
95. Schülein R., Dehio C. The VirB/VirD4 type IV secretion system of Bartonella is essential for establishing intraerythrocytic infection. Mol Microbiol 2002, 46:1053-1067.
96. Schülein R., Guye P., Rhomberg T.A., Schmid M.C., Schröder G., Vergunst A.C., Carena I., Dehio C. A bipartite signal mediates the transfer of type IV secretion substrates of Bartonella henselae into human cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005, 102:856-861.
97. Schülein R., Seubert A., Gille C., Lanz C., Hansmann Y., Piemont Y., Dehio C. Invasion and persistent intracellular colonization of erythrocytes. A unique parasitic strategy of the emerging pathogen Bartonella. J Exp Med 2001, 193:1077-1086.
98. Schulte B., Linke D., Klumpp S., Schaller M., Riess T., Autenrieth I.B., Kempf V.A. Bartonella quintana variably expressed outer membrane proteins mediate vascular endothelial growth factor secretion but not host cell adherence. Infect Immun 2006, 74:5003-5013.
99. Schultz M.G. A history of bartonellosis (Carrion's disease). Am J Trop Med Hyg 1968, 17:503-515.
100. Seubert, A., Hiestand, R., de la, Cruz, F., Dehio, C., 2003. A bacterial conjugation machinery recruited for pathogenesis. Mol Microbiol 49, 1253-1266.
101. Spach D.H., Kanter A.S., Dougherty M.J., Larson A.M., Coyle M.B., Brenner D.J., Swaminathan B., Matar G.M., Welch D.F., Root R.K., Stamm W.E. Bartonella (Rochalimaea) quintana bacteremia in inner-city patients with chronic alcoholism. N Engl J Med 1995, 332:424-428.
102. Sreter-Lancz Z., Tornyai K., Szell Z., Sreter T., Marialigeti K. Bartonella infections in fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) and lack of bartonellae in ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) from Hungary. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2006, 53:313-316.
103. Szczesny P., Linke D., Ursinus A., Bär K., Schwarz H., Riess T.M., Kempf V.A., Lupas A.N., Martin J., Zeth K. Structure of the head of the Bartonella adhesin BadA. PLoS Pathog 2008, 4:e1000119.
104. Szczesny P., Lupas A. Domain annotation of trimeric autotransporter adhesins - daTAA. Bioinformatics 2008, 24:1251-1256.
105. Tsukahara M., Tsuneoka H., Iino H., Ohno K., Murano I. Bartonella henselae infection from a dog. Lancet 1998, 352:1682.
106. Vayssier-Taussat M., Le Rhun D., Deng H.K., Biville F., Cescau S., Danchin A., Marignac G., Lenaour E., Boulouis H.J., Mavris M., Arnaud L., Yang H., Wang J., Quebatte M., Engel P., Saenz H., Dehio C. The Trw type IV secretion system of Bartonella mediates host-specific adhesion to erythrocytes. PLoS Pathog. 2010, 6:e1000946.
107. Wagner C.L., Riess T., Linke D., Eberhardt C., Schäfer A., Reutter S., Maggi R.G., Kempf V.A. Use of Bartonella adhesin A (BadA) immunoblotting in the serodiagnosis of Bartonella henselae infections. Int J Med Microbiol 2008, 298:579-590.
108. Zhang P., Chomel B.B., Schau M.K., Goo J.S., Droz S., Kelminson K.L., George S.S., Lerche N.W., Koehler J.E. A family of variably expressed outer-membrane proteins (Vomp) mediates adhesion and autoaggregation in Bartonella quintana. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004, 101:13630-13635.