Motor-evoked potentials in awake rats are a valid method of assessing hepatic encephalopathy and of studying its pathogenesis

Hepatology

Volumn 52, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 2077-2085

  Oria, Marc ^a,b,c   Chatauret, Nicolas ^a   Chavarria, Laia ^a,b,c   Romero Giménez, Jordi ^a   Palenzuela, Lluis ^a,c   Pardo Yules, Benjamin ^c,e   Arranz, José Antonio ^a   Bodega, Guillermo ^d   Raguer, Núria ^a,c   Córdoba, Juan ^a,b  

^a HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARI VALL D HEBRON   (Spain)

^b UNIVERSITAT AUTÒNOMA DE BARCELONA   (Spain)

^c INSTITUTO DE SALUD CARLOS III   (Spain)

^d UNIVERSITY OF ALCALÁ   (Spain)

^e HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO DE VALME   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMINO ACID; AMMONIA; ANESTHETIC AGENT; GLUTAMIC ACID; GLUTAMINE; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; MANNITOL;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ARTICLE; BLOOD TRANSFUSION; BRAIN EDEMA; BRAIN WATER; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEVASCULARIZATION; DISEASE COURSE; ELECTRODE; EVOKED MUSCLE RESPONSE; FRONTAL CORTEX; GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT; GRAVIMETRY; HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; HYPOTHERMIA; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; LIVER FAILURE; MALE; METABOLITE; MICRODIALYSIS; NONHUMAN; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; PATHOGENESIS; PORTOCAVAL SHUNT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION; WAKEFULNESS;

ANIMALS; BRAIN EDEMA; EVOKED POTENTIALS, MOTOR; HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY; LIVER FAILURE, ACUTE; MALE; MANNITOL; PORTACAVAL SHUNT, SURGICAL; RATS; RATS, SPRAGUE-DAWLEY;

EID: 78649573681     PISSN: 02709139     EISSN: 15273350     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/hep.23938     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Butterworth RF, Norenberg MD, Felipo V, Ferenci P, Albrecht J, Blei AT. Experimental models of hepatic encephalopathy: ISHEN guidelines. Liver Int 2009; 29: 783-788.
2. Ferenci P, Lockwood A, Mullen K, Tarter R, Weissenborn K, Blei AT. Hepatic encephalopathy-definition, nomenclature, diagnosis, and quantification: final report of the working party at the 11th World Congresses of Gastroenterology, Vienna, 1998. HEPATOLOGY 2002; 35: 716-721.
3. Cordoba J, Dupuis J, Gottstein J, Blei AT. Stenosis of a portacaval anastomosis affects circadian locomotor activity in the rat: a multivariable analysis. Am J Physiol 1997; 273( 6 Pt 1): G1218-G1225.
4. Erceg S, Monfort P, Hernandez-Viadel M, Rodrigo R, Montoliu C, Felipo V. Oral administration of sildenafil restores learning ability in rats with hyperammonemia and with portacaval shunts. HEPATOLOGY 2005; 41: 299-306.
5. Gammal SH, Basile AS, Geller D, Skolnick P, Jones EA. Reversal of the behavioral and electrophysiological abnormalities of an animal model of hepatic encephalopathy by benzodiazepine receptor ligands. HEPATOLOGY 1990; 11: 371-378.
6. Rovira A, Cordoba J, Sanpedro F, Grive E, Rovira-Gols A, Alonso J. Normalization of T2 signal abnormalities in hemispheric white matter with liver transplant. Neurology 2002; 59: 335-341.
7. Cordoba J, Raguer N, Flavia M, Vargas V, Jacas C, Alonso J, et al. T2 hyperintensity along the cortico-spinal tract in cirrhosis relates to functional abnormalities. HEPATOLOGY 2003; 38: 1026-1033.
8. Oria M, Raguer N, Chatauret N, Bartoli R, Odena G, Planas R, et al. Functional abnormalities of the motor tract in the rat after portocaval anastomosis and after carbon tetrachloride induction of cirrhosis. Metab Brain Dis 2006; 21: 297-308.
9. Oria M, Chatauret N, Raguer N, Cordoba J. A new method for measuring motor evoked potentials in the awake rat: effects of anesthetics. J Neurotrauma 2008; 25: 266-275.
10. Chavarria L, Oria M, Romero J, Alonso J, Lope-Piedrafita S, Cordoba J. Diffusion tensor imaging supports the cytotoxic origin of brain edema in a rat model of acute liver failure. Gastroenterology 2010; 138: 1566-1573.
11. Zimmermann C, Ferenci P, Pifl C, Yurdaydin C, Ebner J, Lassmann H, et al. Hepatic encephalopathy in thioacetamide-induced acute liver failure in rats: characterization of an improved model and study of amino acid-ergic neurotransmission. HEPATOLOGY 1989; 9: 594-601.
12. Marmarou A, Poll W, Shulman K, Bhagavan H. A simple gravimetric technique for measurement of cerebral edema. J Neurosurg 1978; 49: 530-537.
13. Barba I, Jaimez-Auguets E, Rodriguez-Sinovas A, Garcia-Dorado D. 1H NMR-based metabolomic identification of at-risk areas after myocardial infarction in swine. MAGMA 2007; 20: 265-271.
14. Sakamoto T, Kawaguchi M, Kakimoto M, Inoue S, Takahashi M, Furuya H. The effect of hypothermia on myogenic motor-evoked potentials to electrical stimulation with a single pulse and a train of pulses under propofol/ketamine/fentanyl anesthesia in rabbits. Anesth Analg 2003; 96: 1692-1697.
15. Rose C, Michalak A, Pannunzio M, Chatauret N, Rambaldi A, Butterworth RF. Mild hypothermia delays the onset of coma and prevents brain edema and extracellular brain glutamate accumulation in rats with acute liver failure. HEPATOLOGY 2000; 31: 872-877.
16. Jover R, Rodrigo R, Felipo V, Insausti R, Saez-Valero J, Garcia-Ayllon MS, et al. Brain edema and inflammatory activation in bile duct ligated rats with diet-induced hyperammonemia: a model of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis. HEPATOLOGY 2006; 43: 1257-1266.
17. Mullen KD, Roessle M, Jones DB, Grun M, Jones EA. Precipitation of overt encephalopathy in the portacaval shunted rat: towards the development of an adequate model of chronic portal systemic encephalopathy. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1997; 9: 293-298.
18. van der Staay FJ, Arndt SS, Nordquist RE. Evaluation of animal models of neurobehavioral disorders. Behav Brain Funct 2009; 5: 11.
19. Andrefsky JC, Frank JI. Hepatic failure, encephalopathy, and deep tendon reflexes [Abstract]. Neurology 1997; 48: 245.
20. Cadranel JF, Lebiez E, Di Martino V, Bernard B, El Koury S, Tourbah A, et al. Focal neurological signs in hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients: an underestimated entity? Am J Gastroenterol 2001; 96: 515-518.
21. Cordoba J, Crespin J, Gottstein J, Blei AT. Mild hypothermia modifies ammonia-induced brain edema in rats after portacaval anastomosis. Gastroenterology 1999; 116: 686-693.
22. Jalan R, O Damink SW, Deutz NE, Lee A, Hayes PC. Moderate hypothermia for uncontrolled intracranial hypertension in acute liver failure. Lancet 1999; 354: 1164-1168.
23. Butterworth RF. The neurobiology of hepatic encephalopathy. Semin Liver Dis 1996; 16: 235-244.
24. Norenberg MD, Rao KV, Jayakumar AR. Mechanisms of ammonia-induced astrocyte swelling. Metab Brain Dis 2005; 20: 303-318.
25. Shah NJ, Neeb H, Kircheis G, Engels P, Haussinger D, Zilles K. Quantitative cerebral water content mapping in hepatic encephalopathy. Neuroimage 2008; 41: 706-717.
26. Olde Damink SW, Dejong CH, Jalan R. Review article: hyperammonaemic and catabolic consequences of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in cirrhosis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2009; 29: 801-810.
27. Butterworth RF. Hepatic encephalopathy and brain edema in acute hepatic failure: does glutamate play a role? HEPATOLOGY 1997; 25: 1032-1034.
28. Raabe W. Effects of NH4+ on reflexes in cat spinal cord. J Neurophysiol 1990; 64: 565-574.
29. Häussinger D, Kircheis G, Fischer R, Schliess F, vom Dahl S. Hepatic encephalopathy in chronic liver disease: a clinical manifestation of astrocyte swelling and low-grade cerebral edema? J Hepatol 2000; 32: 1035-1038.
30. Cordoba J, Gottstein J, Blei AT. Glutamine, myo-inositol, and organic brain osmolytes after portocaval anastomosis in the rat: implications for ammonia-induced brain edema. HEPATOLOGY 1996; 24: 919-923.
31. Wright G, Soper R, Brooks HF, Stadlbauer V, Variappan B, Davies NA, et al. Role of aquaporin-4 in the development of brain oedema in liver failure. J Hepatol 2010; 53: 91-97.
32. Jones EA, Lavini C. Is cerebral edema a component of the syndrome of hepatic encephalopathy? HEPATOLOGY 2002; 35: 1270-1273.
33. Jalan R. Intracranial hypertension in acute liver failure: pathophysiological basis of rational management. Semin Liver Dis 2003; 23: 271-282.
34. Guerit JM, Amantini A, Fischer C, Kaplan PW, Mecarelli O, Schnitzler A, et al. Neurophysiological investigations of hepatic encephalopathy: ISHEN practice guidelines. Liver Int 2009; 29: 789-796.