T2 hyperintensity along the cortico-spinal tract in cirrhosis relates to functional abnormalities

Hepatology

Volumn 38, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 1026-1033

  Córdoba, Juan ^a   Raguer, Nuria ^a   Flavià, Montserrat ^a   Vargas, Víctor ^a   Jacas, Carlos ^a   Alonso, Juli ^a   Rovira, Alex ^a  

^a HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARI VALL D HEBRON   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; EDEMA; EVOKED MUSCLE RESPONSE; FEMALE; HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY; HUMAN; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; LIVER TRANSPLANTATION; MALE; MOTOR NERVE CONDUCTION; NEUROPHYSIOLOGY; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PATHOGENESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PYRAMIDAL TRACT; TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION;

EID: 18144444593     PISSN: 02709139     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1053/jhep.2003.50406     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Adams RD, Foley JM. The neurological disorder associated with liver disease. Proc Assoc Res Nerv Dis 1953;32:198-237.
2. Andrefsky JC, Frank JI. Hepatic failure, encephalopathy, and deep tendon reflexes [Abstract]. Neurology 1997;48:A275.
3. Quero JC, Schalm SW. Subclinical hepatic encephalopathy. Semin Liver Dis 1996;16:321-328.
4. Ferenci P, Lockwood AH, Mullen KD, Tarter RE, Weissenborn K, Blei AT, Members of the Working Party. Hepatic encephalopathy - definition, nomenclature, diagnosis, and quantification: final report of the working party at the 11th World Congress of Gastroenterology, Vienna, 1998. HEPATOLOGY 2002;35:716-721.
5. Rovira A, Cordoba J, Sanpedro F, Grive E, Rovira-Gols A, Alonso J. Normalization of T2 signal abnormalities in hemispheric white matter with liver transplant. Neurology 2002;59:335-341.
6. Haussinger D, Kircheis G, Fischer R, Schliess F, vom Dahl S. Hepatic encephalopathy in chronic liver disease: a clinical manifestation of astrocyte swelling and low-grade cerebral edema? J Hepatol 2000;32:1035-1038.
7. Cordoba J, Alonso J, Rovira A, Jacas C, Sanpedro F, Castells L, Vargas V, et al. The development of low-grade cerebral edema in cirrhosis is supported by the evolution of 1H-magnetic resonance abnormalities after liver transplantation. J Hepatol 2001;35:598-604.
8. Weber M, Eisen AA. Magnetic stimulation of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Muscle Nerve 2002;25:160-175.
9. Hess CW, Mills KR, Murray NM. Responses in small hand muscles from magnetic stimulation of human brain. J Physiol 1987;388:397-419.
10. Gallagher HL, MacManus DG, Webb SL, Miller DH. A reproducible repositioning method for serial magnetic resonance imaging studies of the brain in treatment trials for multiple sclerosis. JMRI 1997;7:439-441.
11. Rovira A, Alonso J, Cucurella G, Nos C, Tintore M, Pedraza S, Rio J, et al. Evolution of multiple sclerosis lesions on serial contrast-enhanced T1-weighted and magnetization-transfer MR images. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1999;20:1939-1945.
12. McMcrea M, Cordoba J, Vessey G, Blei AT, Randolph C. Neuropsychological characterization and detection of subclinical hepatic encephalopathy. Arch Neurol 1996;53:758-763.
13. Nolano M, Guardascione MA, Amitrano L, Perretti A, Fiorillo F, Ascione A, Santoro L, et al. Cortico-spinal pathways and inhibitory mechanisms in hepatic encephalopathy. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1997;105:72-78.
14. Rovira A, Cordoba J, Raguer N, Alonso J. Magnetic resonance imaging measurement of brain edema in patients with liver disease: resolution after transplantation. Curr Opin Neurol 2002;15:731-737.
15. Shaw PJ, Eggett CJ. Molecular factors underlying selective vulnerability of motor neurons to neurodegeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol 2000;247:I/17-I/27.
16. Butterworth RF. Hepatic encephalopathy: a neuropsychiatric disorder involving multiple neurotransmitter systems. Curr Opin Neurol 2000;13:721-727.
17. Butterworth RF. Hepatic encephalopathy and brain edema in acute hepatic failure: does glutamate play a role? HEPATOLOGY 1997;25:1032-1033.
18. Mendoza G, Marti-Fabregas J, Kulisevsky J, Escartin A. Hepatic myelopathy: a rare complication of portacaval shunt. Eur Neurol 1994;34:209-212.
19. Weissenborn K, Tietge UJF, Bokemeyer M, Mohammadi B, Bode U, Manns M, Caselitz M, et al. Liver transplantation improves hepatic myelopathy: evidence by three cases. Gastroenterology 2003;124:346-351.
20. Lien YH. Role of organic osmolytes in myelinolysis. J Clin Invest 1995;95:1579-1586.
21. Kidd D, Thompson PD, Day BL, Rothwell JC, Kendall BE, Thompson AJ, Marsden CD, et al. Central motor conduction time in progressive multiple sclerosis. Correlations with MRI and disease activity. Brain 1998;121:1109-1116.
22. Rao KV, Norenberg MD. Cerebral energy metabolism in hepatic encephalopathy and hyperammonemia. Metab Brain Dis 2001;16:67-78.
23. Zhou BG, Norenberg MD. Ammonia downregulates GLAST mRNA glutamate transporter in rat astrocyte cultures. Neurosci Lett 1999;276:145-148.