메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 481-497

Use of cyclophosphamide and other immunosuppressants to treat multiple sclerosis

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 78149471596     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (2)

References (80)
  • 1
    • 0026645658 scopus 로고
    • Immunological aspects of demyelinating diseases
    • Martin R, McFarland H, McFarlin D. Immunological aspects of demyelinating diseases. Annu Rev Immunol 1992; 10: 153-87
    • (1992) Annu Rev Immunol , vol.10 , pp. 153-187
    • Martin, R.1    McFarland, H.2    McFarlin, D.3
  • 2
    • 0028990462 scopus 로고
    • Immunologic mechanisms and therapy in multiple sclerosis
    • Hafler D, Weiner H. Immunologic mechanisms and therapy in multiple sclerosis. Immunol Rev 1995; 144: 75-107
    • (1995) Immunol Rev , vol.144 , pp. 75-107
    • Hafler, D.1    Weiner, H.2
  • 3
    • 0032994147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The immunobiology of multiple sclerosis: An autoimmune disease of the central nervous system
    • Conlon P, Oksenberg J, Zhang J, Steinman L. The immunobiology of multiple sclerosis: an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Neurobiol Dis 1999; 6: 149-66
    • (1999) Neurobiol Dis , vol.6 , pp. 149-166
    • Conlon, P.1    Oksenberg, J.2    Zhang, J.3    Steinman, L.4
  • 4
    • 0031808312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 21 point unifying hypothesis on the etiology and treatment of multiple sclerosis
    • Weiner HL. A 21 point unifying hypothesis on the etiology and treatment of multiple sclerosis. Can J Neurol Sci 1998; 25: 93-101
    • (1998) Can J Neurol Sci , vol.25 , pp. 93-101
    • Weiner, H.L.1
  • 5
    • 0028809507 scopus 로고
    • Expression of co-stimulatory molecules B7-1 (CD80), B7-2 (CD86), and interleukin 12 cytokine in multiple sclerosis lesions
    • Windhagen A, Newcombe J, Dangond F, et al. Expression of co-stimulatory molecules B7-1 (CD80), B7-2 (CD86), and interleukin 12 cytokine in multiple sclerosis lesions. Exp Med 1995; 182: 1985-96
    • (1995) Exp Med , vol.182 , pp. 1985-1996
    • Windhagen, A.1    Newcombe, J.2    Dangond, F.3
  • 6
    • 0032526062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of cytotoxic agents and cyclosporine in the treatment of autoimmune disease: Part 1. Rheumatologic and renal diseases
    • Langford C, Klippel J, Balow J, et al. Use of cytotoxic agents and cyclosporine in the treatment of autoimmune disease: Part 1. Rheumatologic and renal diseases. Ann Intern Med 1998; 128: 1021-8
    • (1998) Ann Intern Med , vol.128 , pp. 1021-1028
    • Langford, C.1    Klippel, J.2    Balow, J.3
  • 7
    • 0032125407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of cytotoxic agents and cyclosporine in the treatment of autoimmune disease: Part 2. Inflammatory bowel disease, systemic vasculitis, and therapeutic toxicity
    • Langford C, Klippel J, Balow J, et al. Use of cytotoxic agents and cyclosporine in the treatment of autoimmune disease: Part 2. Inflammatory bowel disease, systemic vasculitis, and therapeutic toxicity. Ann Intern Med 1998; 129: 49-58
    • (1998) Ann Intern Med , vol.129 , pp. 49-58
    • Langford, C.1    Klippel, J.2    Balow, J.3
  • 8
    • 0014007245 scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis and autoimmunization process. Treatment by antimitotics
    • Aimard G, Girard P, Raveau J. Multiple sclerosis and autoimmunization process. Treatment by antimitotics. Lyons Med 1966; 215: 345-52
    • (1966) Lyons Med , vol.215 , pp. 345-352
    • Aimard, G.1    Girard, P.2    Raveau, J.3
  • 9
    • 0010410439 scopus 로고
    • Therapeutique immunodepressive en neurologie
    • Girard P, Pellet H. Therapeutique immunodepressive en neurologie. Presse Med 1967; 75: 967-8
    • (1967) Presse Med , vol.75 , pp. 967-968
    • Girard, P.1    Pellet, H.2
  • 10
    • 0014672407 scopus 로고
    • Cyclophosphamide in multiple sclerosis
    • Millac P, Miller H. Cyclophosphamide in multiple sclerosis. Lancet 1967; 1: 783
    • (1967) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 783
    • Millac, P.1    Miller, H.2
  • 11
    • 0015815789 scopus 로고
    • Combined therapeutic trial in multiple sclerosis: Hydrocortisone hemisuccinate with cyclophos-phamide or cytosine arabinoside
    • Cendrowski W. Combined therapeutic trial in multiple sclerosis: hydrocortisone hemisuccinate with cyclophos-phamide or cytosine arabinoside. Acta Neurol Belg 1973; 73: 209-19
    • (1973) Acta Neurol Belg , vol.73 , pp. 209-219
    • Cendrowski, W.1
  • 12
    • 0016756307 scopus 로고
    • Cyclophosphamide in exacerbations of multiple sclerosis. Therapeutic trial and a strategy for pilot drug studies
    • Drachman D, Paterson P, Schmidt R, Spehlmann R. Cyclophosphamide in exacerbations of multiple sclerosis. Therapeutic trial and a strategy for pilot drug studies. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1975; 38: 592-7
    • (1975) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.38 , pp. 592-597
    • Drachman, D.1    Paterson, P.2    Schmidt, R.3    Spehlmann, R.4
  • 13
    • 0016754809 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of the chronic progressive form of multiple sclerosis with a combination of cyclophosphamide and prednisone
    • Hommes O, Prick J, Lamers K. Treatment of the chronic progressive form of multiple sclerosis with a combination of cyclophosphamide and prednisone. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 1975; 78: 59-72
    • (1975) Clin Neurol Neurosurg , vol.78 , pp. 59-72
    • Hommes, O.1    Prick, J.2    Lamers, K.3
  • 14
    • 0017332050 scopus 로고
    • Intensive immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide in multiple sclerosis. Follow up of 110 patients for 2-6 years
    • Gonsette RE, Demonty L, Delmotte P. Intensive immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide in multiple sclerosis. Follow up of 110 patients for 2-6 years. J Neurol 1977; 214: 173-81
    • (1977) J Neurol , vol.214 , pp. 173-181
    • Gonsette, R.E.1    Demonty, L.2    Delmotte, P.3
  • 15
    • 0008678971 scopus 로고
    • Intensive immu-nosuppression with cyclophosphamide in remittent forms of multiple sclerosis: Follow-up of 134 patients for 2-10 years
    • Bauer HJ, ed. Berlin: Springer-Verlag
    • Gonsette RE, Demonty L, Delmotte P. Intensive immu-nosuppression with cyclophosphamide in remittent forms of multiple sclerosis: follow-up of 134 patients for 2-10 years. In Bauer HJ, ed. Progress in Multiple Sclerosis Research. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1980: 401-06
    • (1980) Progress in Multiple Sclerosis Research , pp. 401-406
    • Gonsette, R.E.1    Demonty, L.2    Delmotte, P.3
  • 16
    • 0018826728 scopus 로고
    • Effect of intensive immunosuppression on the course of chronic progressive multiple sclerosis
    • Hommes O, Lamers K, Reekers P. Effect of intensive immunosuppression on the course of chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 1980; 223: 177-90
    • (1980) J Neurol , vol.223 , pp. 177-190
    • Hommes, O.1    Lamers, K.2    Reekers, P.3
  • 17
    • 0342440622 scopus 로고
    • Prognostic factors in intensive immunosuppression on the course of chronic progressive multiple sclerosis
    • Bauer HJ, ed. Berlin: Springer-Verlag
    • Hommes O, Lamers K, Reekers P. Prognostic factors in intensive immunosuppression on the course of chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. In Bauer HJ, ed. Progress in Multiple Sclerosis Research. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1980: 396-400
    • (1980) Progress in Multiple Sclerosis Research , pp. 396-400
    • Hommes, O.1    Lamers, K.2    Reekers, P.3
  • 18
    • 0019423244 scopus 로고
    • Short-term intensive cyclophosphamide treatment in multiple sclerosis. A retrospective controlled study
    • Theys P, Gosseye-Lissior F, Ketelaer P, Carlton H. Short-term intensive cyclophosphamide treatment in multiple sclerosis. A retrospective controlled study. J Neurol 1981; 225: 119-33
    • (1981) J Neurol , vol.225 , pp. 119-133
    • Theys, P.1    Gosseye-Lissior, F.2    Ketelaer, P.3    Carlton, H.4
  • 19
    • 0020683886 scopus 로고
    • Intensive immunosuppression in progressive multiple sclerosis. A randomized, three-arm study of high-dose intravenous cyclophosphamide, plasma exchange, and ACTH
    • Hauser S, Dawson D, Lehrich J, et al. Intensive immunosuppression in progressive multiple sclerosis. A randomized, three-arm study of high-dose intravenous cyclophosphamide, plasma exchange, and ACTH. N Engl J Med 1983; 308: 173-80
    • (1983) N Engl J Med , vol.308 , pp. 173-180
    • Hauser, S.1    Dawson, D.2    Lehrich, J.3
  • 20
    • 0023394826 scopus 로고
    • Cyclophosphamide in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. Maintenance vs nonmaintenance therapy
    • Goodkin D, Plencner S, Palmer-Saxerud J, et al. Cyclophosphamide in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. Maintenance vs nonmaintenance therapy. Arch Neurol 1987; 44: 823-7
    • (1987) Arch Neurol , vol.44 , pp. 823-827
    • Goodkin, D.1    Plencner, S.2    Palmer-Saxerud, J.3
  • 21
    • 0023390969 scopus 로고
    • Cyclophos-phamide 'pulses' in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. A preliminary clinical trial
    • Myers L, Fahey J, Moody D, et al. Cyclophos-phamide 'pulses' in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. A preliminary clinical trial. Arch Neurol 1987; 44: 828-32
    • (1987) Arch Neurol , vol.44 , pp. 828-832
    • Myers, L.1    Fahey, J.2    Moody, D.3
  • 22
    • 0023571865 scopus 로고
    • Short-term intensive cyclophosphamide treatment in progressive multiple sclerosis
    • Siracusa G, Amato M, Fratiglioni L, et al. Short-term intensive cyclophosphamide treatment in progressive multiple sclerosis. Ital J Neurol Sci 1987; 8: 589-92
    • (1987) Ital J Neurol Sci , vol.8 , pp. 589-592
    • Siracusa, G.1    Amato, M.2    Fratiglioni, L.3
  • 23
    • 0023718266 scopus 로고
    • Immuno-suppression with high-dose i.v. cyclophosphamide and ACTH in progressive multiple sclerosis: Cumulative 6-year experience in 164 patients
    • Carter JL, Hafler DA, Dawson DM, et al. Immuno-suppression with high-dose i.v. cyclophosphamide and ACTH in progressive multiple sclerosis: cumulative 6-year experience in 164 patients. Neurology 1988; 38: 9-14
    • (1988) Neurology , vol.38 , pp. 9-14
    • Carter, J.L.1    Hafler, D.A.2    Dawson, D.M.3
  • 24
    • 0023836524 scopus 로고
    • Controlled pilot trial of monthly intravenous cyclo-phosphamide in multiple sclerosis
    • Killian J, Bressler R, Armstrong R, Huston D. Controlled pilot trial of monthly intravenous cyclo-phosphamide in multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 1988; 45: 27-30
    • (1988) Arch Neurol , vol.45 , pp. 27-30
    • Killian, J.1    Bressler, R.2    Armstrong, R.3    Huston, D.4
  • 25
    • 0024514055 scopus 로고
    • Effective treatment of chronic progressive multiple sclerosis with low dose cyclophosphamide and minor side-effects
    • Mauch E, Kornhuber H, Pfrommer U, et al. Effective treatment of chronic progressive multiple sclerosis with low dose cyclophosphamide and minor side-effects. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1989; 238: 115-17
    • (1989) Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.238 , pp. 115-117
    • Mauch, E.1    Kornhuber, H.2    Pfrommer, U.3
  • 26
    • 0025967752 scopus 로고
    • The Canadian cooperative trial of cyclophosphamide and plasma exchange in progressive multiple sclerosis
    • Canadian Cooperative Multiple Sclerosis Study Group. The Canadian cooperative trial of cyclophosphamide and plasma exchange in progressive multiple sclerosis. Lancet 1991; 337: 441-6
    • (1991) Lancet , vol.337 , pp. 441-446
  • 27
    • 0024316667 scopus 로고
    • Intensive immunosuppression in progressive multiple sclerosis. An open study comparing 3 groups: Cyclophosphamide, cyclophosphamide-plasmaphoresis, and control subjects. Results after 3 years
    • Trouillas P, Neuschwander P, Nighoghossian N, et al. Intensive immunosuppression in progressive multiple sclerosis. An open study comparing 3 groups: cyclophosphamide, cyclophosphamide-plasmaphoresis, and control subjects. Results after 3 years. Rev Neurol 1989; 145: 369-77
    • (1989) Rev Neurol , vol.145 , pp. 369-377
    • Trouillas, P.1    Neuschwander, P.2    Nighoghossian, N.3
  • 28
    • 0025605902 scopus 로고
    • 24-month follow-up of multiple sclerosis patients treated with cyclophosphamide
    • Millefiorini E, Di Giovanni M, Bernardi S, et al. 24-month follow-up of multiple sclerosis patients treated with cyclophosphamide. Ital J Neurol Sci 1990; 11: 605-7
    • (1990) Ital J Neurol Sci , vol.11 , pp. 605-607
    • Millefiorini, E.1    Di Giovanni, M.2    Bernardi, S.3
  • 30
    • 0026317943 scopus 로고
    • Intense immunosuppression in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis: The Kaiser study
    • Likosky W, Fireman B, Elmore R, et al. Intense immunosuppression in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis: the Kaiser study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1991; 54: 1055-60
    • (1991) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.54 , pp. 1055-1060
    • Likosky, W.1    Fireman, B.2    Elmore, R.3
  • 31
    • 0027196941 scopus 로고
    • Intermittent cyclophosphamide pulse therapy in progressive multiple sclerosis: Final report of the Northeast Cooperative Multiple Sclerosis Treatment Group
    • Weiner HL, Mackin GA, Orav EJ, et al. Intermittent cyclophosphamide pulse therapy in progressive multiple sclerosis: final report of the Northeast Cooperative Multiple Sclerosis Treatment Group. Neurology 1993; 43: 910-18
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , pp. 910-918
    • Weiner, H.L.1    Mackin, G.A.2    Orav, E.J.3
  • 32
    • 0001430776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of fulminant multiple sclerosis with intravenous cyclo-phosphamide
    • Weinstock-Guttman B, Kinkel R, Cohen JA. Treatment of fulminant multiple sclerosis with intravenous cyclo-phosphamide. Neurologist 1997; 3: 178-85
    • (1997) Neurologist , vol.3 , pp. 178-185
    • Weinstock-Guttman, B.1    Kinkel, R.2    Cohen, J.A.3
  • 33
    • 0032879010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of open label pulse cyclophosphamide therapy on MRI measures of disease activity in five patients with refractory relapsing- remitting multiple sclerosis
    • Gobbini M, Smith M, Richert N, et al. Effect of open label pulse cyclophosphamide therapy on MRI measures of disease activity in five patients with refractory relapsing- remitting multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 1999; 99: 142-9
    • (1999) J Neuroimmunol , vol.99 , pp. 142-149
    • Gobbini, M.1    Smith, M.2    Richert, N.3
  • 34
    • 0033391669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of progressive multiple sclerosis with pulse cyclophos-phamide/methylprednisolone: Response to therapy is linked to the duration of progressive disease
    • Hohol M, Olek M, Orav E, et al. Treatment of progressive multiple sclerosis with pulse cyclophos-phamide/methylprednisolone: response to therapy is linked to the duration of progressive disease. Mult Scler 1999; 5: 403-9
    • (1999) Mult Scler , vol.5 , pp. 403-409
    • Hohol, M.1    Olek, M.2    Orav, E.3
  • 35
    • 0034570415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinico-laboratory study of methylprednisolone and cyclo-phosphamide treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis relapse
    • Manova MG, Kostadinova II, Rangelov AA. Clinico-laboratory study of methylprednisolone and cyclo-phosphamide treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis relapse. Folla Med (Plovdiv) 2000; 42: 20-5
    • (2000) Folla Med (Plovdiv) , vol.42 , pp. 20-25
    • Manova, M.G.1    Kostadinova, I.I.2    Rangelov, A.A.3
  • 36
    • 0034880661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination of cyclophosphamide and interferon-beta halts progression in patients with rapidly transitional multiple sclerosis
    • Patti F, Cataldi M, Nicoletti F, et al. Combination of cyclophosphamide and interferon-beta halts progression in patients with rapidly transitional multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2001; 71: 404-7
    • (2001) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.71 , pp. 404-407
    • Patti, F.1    Cataldi, M.2    Nicoletti, F.3
  • 37
    • 12844251832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stabilization of rapidly worsening multiple sclerosis for 36 months in patients treated with interferon beta plus cyclophos-phamide followed by interferon beta
    • Patti F, Reggio E, Palermo F, et al. Stabilization of rapidly worsening multiple sclerosis for 36 months in patients treated with interferon beta plus cyclophos-phamide followed by interferon beta. J Neurol 2004; 251: 1502-6
    • (2004) J Neurol , vol.251 , pp. 1502-1506
    • Patti, F.1    Reggio, E.2    Palermo, F.3
  • 38
    • 10744219843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of progressive forms of multiple sclerosis by cyclophos-phamide: A cohort study of 490 patients
    • Zephir H, De Seze J, Duhamel A, et al. Treatment of progressive forms of multiple sclerosis by cyclophos-phamide: a cohort study of 490 patients. J Neurol Sci 2004; 218: 73-7
    • (2004) J Neurol Sci , vol.218 , pp. 73-77
    • Zephir, H.1    De Seze, J.2    Duhamel, A.3
  • 39
    • 17844374075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of monthly intravenous cyclophosphamide in rapidly deteriorating multiple sclerosis patients resistant to conventional therapy
    • Khan O, Zvartau-Hind M, Caon C, et al. Effect of monthly intravenous cyclophosphamide in rapidly deteriorating multiple sclerosis patients resistant to conventional therapy. Mult Scler 2001; 7: 185-8
    • (2001) Mult Scler , vol.7 , pp. 185-188
    • Khan, O.1    Zvartau-Hind, M.2    Caon, C.3
  • 40
    • 0041846718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclophosphamide is effective in stabilizing rapidly deteriorating secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
    • Perini P, Gallo P. Cyclophosphamide is effective in stabilizing rapidly deteriorating secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 2003; 250: 834-8
    • (2003) J Neurol , vol.250 , pp. 834-838
    • Perini, P.1    Gallo, P.2
  • 41
    • 26644463420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The combination of cyclophosphamide plus interferon beta as rescue therapy could be used to treat relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients. Twenty-four months follow-up
    • Reggio E, Nicoletti A, Fiorilla T, et al. The combination of cyclophosphamide plus interferon beta as rescue therapy could be used to treat relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients. Twenty-four months follow-up. J Neurol 2005; 252: 1255-61
    • (2005) J Neurol , vol.252 , pp. 1255-1261
    • Reggio, E.1    Nicoletti, A.2    Fiorilla, T.3
  • 42
    • 20144381537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • One-year cyclophosphamide treatment combined with methy-prednisolone improves cogitive dysfuntion in progressive forms of multiple sclerosis
    • Zephir H, De Seze J, Dujardin K, et al. One-year cyclophosphamide treatment combined with methy-prednisolone improves cogitive dysfuntion in progressive forms of multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2005; 11: 360-3
    • (2005) Mult Scler , vol.11 , pp. 360-363
    • Zephir, H.1    De Seze, J.2    Dujardin, K.3
  • 43
    • 25844530825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized blinded trial of combination therapy with cyclophosphamide in patients with active multiple sclerosis on interferon beta
    • Smith DR, Weinstock-Guttman B, Cohen JA, et al. A randomized blinded trial of combination therapy with cyclophosphamide in patients with active multiple sclerosis on interferon beta. Mult Scler 2005; 11: 573-82
    • (2005) Mult Scler , vol.11 , pp. 573-582
    • Smith, D.R.1    Weinstock-Guttman, B.2    Cohen, J.A.3
  • 44
    • 0036197846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of multiple sclerosis with cyclophosphamide: Critical review of clinical and immunologic effects
    • Weiner H, Cohen J. Treatment of multiple sclerosis with cyclophosphamide: critical review of clinical and immunologic effects. Mult Scler 2002; 8: 142-54
    • (2002) Mult Scler , vol.8 , pp. 142-154
    • Weiner, H.1    Cohen, J.2
  • 45
    • 0015229315 scopus 로고
    • Erfahrungen mit der immunosuppressive Behandlung der Multiplen Sklerose mit Cyclophamid und Imuran
    • Wieczorek VL, Brodkorb W. Erfahrungen mit der immunosuppressive Behandlung der Multiplen Sklerose mit Cyclophamid und Imuran. Dtsch Ges Wesen 1971; 26: 1791-4
    • (1971) Dtsch Ges Wesen , vol.26 , pp. 1791-1794
    • Wieczorek, V.L.1    Brodkorb, W.2
  • 46
    • 18844481287 scopus 로고
    • Immunosup-pressive therapy of multiple sclerosis using cyclophos-phamide and Imuran. Report on 57 cases
    • Gopel W, Benkenstein H, Banzhaf M. Immunosup-pressive therapy of multiple sclerosis using cyclophos-phamide and Imuran. Report on 57 cases. Dtsch Gesundheitsw 1972; 27: 1955-61
    • (1972) Dtsch Gesundheitsw , vol.27 , pp. 1955-1961
    • Gopel, W.1    Benkenstein, H.2    Banzhaf, M.3
  • 48
    • 85008495988 scopus 로고
    • Cyclophosphamide and plasma exchange in multiple sclerosis
    • Weiner HL, Dawson DM, Hafler DA, et al. Cyclophosphamide and plasma exchange in multiple sclerosis. Lancet 1991; 337: 1033-4
    • (1991) Lancet , vol.337 , pp. 1033-1034
    • Weiner, H.L.1    Dawson, D.M.2    Hafler, D.A.3
  • 49
    • 0025737427 scopus 로고
    • Cyclophosphamide and plasma exchange in multiple sclerosis
    • Noseworthy J, Vandervoort M, Penman M, et al. Cyclophosphamide and plasma exchange in multiple sclerosis. Lancet 1991; 337: 1540-1
    • (1991) Lancet , vol.337 , pp. 1540-1541
    • Noseworthy, J.1    Vandervoort, M.2    Penman, M.3
  • 50
    • 3142559648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A double blind, placebo-controlled, phase II, add-on study of cyclophosphamide (CTX) for 24 months in patients affected by multiple sclerosis on a background therapy with interferon-beta study denomination: CYCLIN
    • Patti F, Amato M, Filippi M, et al. A double blind, placebo-controlled, phase II, add-on study of cyclophosphamide (CTX) for 24 months in patients affected by multiple sclerosis on a background therapy with interferon-beta study denomination: CYCLIN. J Neurol Sci 2004; 223: 69-71
    • (2004) J Neurol Sci , vol.223 , pp. 69-71
    • Patti, F.1    Amato, M.2    Filippi, M.3
  • 51
    • 0014671660 scopus 로고
    • Cyclophosphamide: Effect on experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats
    • Paterson P, Drobish D. Cyclophosphamide: effect on experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats. Science 1969; 165: 191-2
    • (1969) Science , vol.165 , pp. 191-192
    • Paterson, P.1    Drobish, D.2
  • 52
    • 0032528896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated interleukin-12 in progressive multiple sclerosis correlates with disease activity and is normalized by pulse cyclophosphamide therapy
    • Comabella M, Balashov K, Issazadeh S, et al. Elevated interleukin-12 in progressive multiple sclerosis correlates with disease activity and is normalized by pulse cyclophosphamide therapy. J Clin Invest 1998; 102: 671-8
    • (1998) J Clin Invest , vol.102 , pp. 671-678
    • Comabella, M.1    Balashov, K.2    Issazadeh, S.3
  • 53
    • 0030767497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune deviation following pulse cyclophosphamide/methylpred-nisolone treatment of multiple sclerosis: Increased interleukin-4 production and associated eosinophilia
    • Smith D, Balashov KE, Hafler DA, et al. Immune deviation following pulse cyclophosphamide/methylpred-nisolone treatment of multiple sclerosis: increased interleukin-4 production and associated eosinophilia. Ann Neurol 1997; 42: 313-18
    • (1997) Ann Neurol , vol.42 , pp. 313-318
    • Smith, D.1    Balashov, K.E.2    Hafler, D.A.3
  • 54
    • 0347993165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclo-phosphamide modulates CD4(+) T cells into a T helper type 2 phenotype and reverses increased IFN-gamma production of CD8(+) T cells in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
    • Karni A, Balashov K, Hancock W, et al. Cyclo-phosphamide modulates CD4(+) T cells into a T helper type 2 phenotype and reverses increased IFN-gamma production of CD8(+) T cells in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2004; 146: 189-98
    • (2004) J Neuroimmunol , vol.146 , pp. 189-198
    • Karni, A.1    Balashov, K.2    Hancock, W.3
  • 55
    • 0022446499 scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic trials of multiple sclerosis and intrathecal IgG production
    • Wender M, Tokarz E, Michalowska G, Wajgt A. Therapeutic trials of multiple sclerosis and intrathecal IgG production. Ital J Neurol Sci 1986; 7: 205-8
    • (1986) Ital J Neurol Sci , vol.7 , pp. 205-208
    • Wender, M.1    Tokarz, E.2    Michalowska, G.3    Wajgt, A.4
  • 56
    • 0023103639 scopus 로고
    • Administration of monthly pulses of cyclophosphamide in multiple sclerosis patients. Delayed recovery of several immune parameters following discontinuation of long-term cyclophosphamide treatment
    • Moody D, Fahey J, Grable E, et al. Administration of monthly pulses of cyclophosphamide in multiple sclerosis patients. Delayed recovery of several immune parameters following discontinuation of long-term cyclophosphamide treatment. J Neuroimmunol 1987; 14: 175-82
    • (1987) J Neuroimmunol , vol.14 , pp. 175-182
    • Moody, D.1    Fahey, J.2    Grable, E.3
  • 57
    • 0023132620 scopus 로고
    • Administration of monthly-pulse cyclophosphamide in multiple sclerosis patients. Effects of long-term treatment on immuno-logic parameters
    • Moody D, Kagan J, Liao D, et al. Administration of monthly-pulse cyclophosphamide in multiple sclerosis patients. Effects of long-term treatment on immuno-logic parameters. J Neuroimmunol 1987; 14: 161-73
    • (1987) J Neuroimmunol , vol.14 , pp. 161-173
    • Moody, D.1    Kagan, J.2    Liao, D.3
  • 58
    • 0025904767 scopus 로고
    • Immunologic effects of cyclophosphamide/ACTH in patients with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis
    • Hafler D, Orav J, Gertz R, et al. Immunologic effects of cyclophosphamide/ACTH in patients with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 1991; 32:149-58
    • (1991) J Neuroimmunol , vol.32 , pp. 149-158
    • Hafler, D.1    Orav, J.2    Gertz, R.3
  • 59
    • 0023152206 scopus 로고
    • Correlation of clinical and immunological states in multiple sclerosis
    • Mickey M, Ellison G, Fahey J, et al. Correlation of clinical and immunological states in multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 1987; 44: 371-5
    • (1987) Arch Neurol , vol.44 , pp. 371-375
    • Mickey, M.1    Ellison, G.2    Fahey, J.3
  • 60
    • 0031828331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulse cyclophosphamide plus methylprednisolone induces myelin-antigen-specific IL-4-secreting T cells in multiple sclerosis patients
    • Takashima H, Smith DR, Fukaura H, et al. Pulse cyclophosphamide plus methylprednisolone induces myelin-antigen-specific IL-4-secreting T cells in multiple sclerosis patients. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1998; 88: 28-34
    • (1998) Clin Immunol Immunopathol , vol.88 , pp. 28-34
    • Takashima, H.1    Smith, D.R.2    Fukaura, H.3
  • 61
    • 0020661747 scopus 로고
    • Cyclo-phosphamide levels in serum and spinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients treated with immunosup-pression
    • Hommes O, Aerts F, Bahr U, Schulten H. Cyclo-phosphamide levels in serum and spinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients treated with immunosup-pression. J Neurol Sci 1983; 58: 297-303
    • (1983) J Neurol Sci , vol.58 , pp. 297-303
    • Hommes, O.1    Aerts, F.2    Bahr, U.3    Schulten, H.4
  • 62
    • 0018842493 scopus 로고
    • Determination of cyclophosphamide in urine, serum, and cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients by field desorption spectrometry
    • Bahr U, Hommes O, Aerts F. Determination of cyclophosphamide in urine, serum, and cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients by field desorption spectrometry. Clin Chim Acta 1980; 103: 183-92
    • (1980) Clin Chim Acta , vol.103 , pp. 183-192
    • Bahr, U.1    Hommes, O.2    Aerts, F.3
  • 63
    • 0023788471 scopus 로고
    • The shortterm effect of an immunosuppressive treatment on CSF myelin basic protein in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis
    • Lamers K, Uitdehaag B, Hommes O, et al. The shortterm effect of an immunosuppressive treatment on CSF myelin basic protein in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1988; 51: 1334-7
    • (1988) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.51 , pp. 1334-1337
    • Lamers, K.1    Uitdehaag, B.2    Hommes, O.3
  • 64
    • 0142123560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and tol-erability of cyclophosphamide 'pulses' in multiple sclerosis: A prospective study in a clinical cohort
    • Portaccio E, Zipoli V, Siracusa G, et al. Safety and tol-erability of cyclophosphamide 'pulses' in multiple sclerosis: a prospective study in a clinical cohort. Mult Scler 2003; 9: 446-50
    • (2003) Mult Scler , vol.9 , pp. 446-450
    • Portaccio, E.1    Zipoli, V.2    Siracusa, G.3
  • 65
    • 0027380153 scopus 로고
    • Risk for sustained amenorrhea in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus receiving intermittent pulse cyclophos-phamide therapy
    • Boumpas D, Austin H, Vaughan E, et al. Risk for sustained amenorrhea in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus receiving intermittent pulse cyclophos-phamide therapy. Ann Intern Med 1993; 119: 366-9
    • (1993) Ann Intern Med , vol.119 , pp. 366-369
    • Boumpas, D.1    Austin, H.2    Vaughan, E.3
  • 66
    • 0030268581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methyl-prednisolone and cyclophosphamide, alone or in combination, in patients with lupus nephritis. A randomized, controlled trial
    • Gourley M, Austin H, Scott D, et al. Methyl-prednisolone and cyclophosphamide, alone or in combination, in patients with lupus nephritis. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1996; 125: 549-71
    • (1996) Ann Intern Med , vol.125 , pp. 549-571
    • Gourley, M.1    Austin, H.2    Scott, D.3
  • 67
    • 0026100542 scopus 로고
    • Clinical pharmacokinetics of cyclophos-phamide
    • Moore MJ. Clinical pharmacokinetics of cyclophos-phamide. Clin Pharmacokinet 1991; 20: 194-208
    • (1991) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.20 , pp. 194-208
    • Moore, M.J.1
  • 68
    • 0029099946 scopus 로고
    • Effects of cyclophos-phamide on the development of malignancy and on long-term survival of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A 20-year followup study
    • Radis C, Kahl L, Baker G, et al. Effects of cyclophos-phamide on the development of malignancy and on long-term survival of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A 20-year followup study. Arthritis Rheum 1995; 38: 1120-7
    • (1995) Arthritis Rheum , vol.38 , pp. 1120-1127
    • Radis, C.1    Kahl, L.2    Baker, G.3
  • 69
    • 13344277271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis and bladder cancer in patients with Wegener granulomatosis
    • Talar-Williams C, Hijazi YM, Walther MM, et al. Cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis and bladder cancer in patients with Wegener granulomatosis. Ann Intern Med 1996; 124: 477-84
    • (1996) Ann Intern Med , vol.124 , pp. 477-484
    • Talar-Williams, C.1    Hijazi, Y.M.2    Walther, M.M.3
  • 70
    • 0028906384 scopus 로고
    • Low-dose (7.5 mg) oral methotrexate reduces the rate of progression in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis
    • Goodkin D, Rudick R, VanderBrug-Medendorp S, et al. Low-dose (7.5 mg) oral methotrexate reduces the rate of progression in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 1995; 37: 30-40
    • (1995) Ann Neurol , vol.37 , pp. 30-40
    • Goodkin, D.1    Rudick, R.2    VanderBrug-Medendorp, S.3
  • 71
    • 0037154138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An open-label trial of combination therapy with interferon beta-1a and oral methotrexate in MS
    • Calabresi P, Wilterdink J, Rogg J, et al. An open-label trial of combination therapy with interferon beta-1a and oral methotrexate in MS. Neurology 2002; 58: 314-17
    • (2002) Neurology , vol.58 , pp. 314-317
    • Calabresi, P.1    Wilterdink, J.2    Rogg, J.3
  • 72
    • 0025986898 scopus 로고
    • Overview of azathioprine treatment in multiple sclerosis
    • Yudkin PL, Ellison GW, Ghezzi A, et al. Overview of azathioprine treatment in multiple sclerosis. Lancet 1991; 338: 1051-5
    • (1991) Lancet , vol.338 , pp. 1051-1055
    • Yudkin, P.L.1    Ellison, G.W.2    Ghezzi, A.3
  • 73
    • 0348047252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Azathioprine and interferon beta(1a) in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients: Increasing efficacy of combined treatment
    • Lus G, Romano F, Scuotto A, et al. Azathioprine and interferon beta(1a) in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients: increasing efficacy of combined treatment. Eur Neurol 2004; 51: 15-20
    • (2004) Eur Neurol , vol.51 , pp. 15-20
    • Lus, G.1    Romano, F.2    Scuotto, A.3
  • 74
    • 18544362086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination therapy with interferon beta-1b and aza-thioprine in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. A two-year pilot study
    • Fernandez O, Guerrero M, Mayorga C, et al. Combination therapy with interferon beta-1b and aza-thioprine in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. A two-year pilot study. J Neurol 2002; 249: 1058-62
    • (2002) J Neurol , vol.249 , pp. 1058-1062
    • Fernandez, O.1    Guerrero, M.2    Mayorga, C.3
  • 75
    • 0038115303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal MRI study: The effects of azathioprine in MS patients refractory to interferon beta-1b
    • Markovic-Plese S, Bielekova B, Kadom N, et al. Longitudinal MRI study: the effects of azathioprine in MS patients refractory to interferon beta-1b. Neurology 2003; 60: 1849-51
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.60 , pp. 1849-1851
    • Markovic-Plese, S.1    Bielekova, B.2    Kadom, N.3
  • 76
    • 15544375688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimization of the safety and efficacy of interferon-beta 1b and azathioprine combination therapy in multiple sclerosis
    • Pulicken M, Bash CN, Costello K, et al. Optimization of the safety and efficacy of interferon-beta 1b and azathioprine combination therapy in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2005; 11: 169-74
    • (2005) Mult Scler , vol.11 , pp. 169-174
    • Pulicken, M.1    Bash, C.N.2    Costello, K.3
  • 77
    • 0034935149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mycophenolate-mofetil in the treatment of refractory multiple sclerosis
    • Ahrens N, Salama A, Haas J. Mycophenolate-mofetil in the treatment of refractory multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 2001; 248: 713-14
    • (2001) J Neurol , vol.248 , pp. 713-714
    • Ahrens, N.1    Salama, A.2    Haas, J.3
  • 80
    • 10944235620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of multiple sclerosis with a combination of interferon beta-1a (Avonex) and mycophenolate mofetil (CellCept): Results of a phase II clinical trial
    • San Francisco, CA, May. abstr
    • Vermersch P, Waucquier N, Bourteel H, et al. Treatment of multiple sclerosis with a combination of interferon beta-1a (Avonex) and mycophenolate mofetil (CellCept): results of a phase II clinical trial. Presented at the 56th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Neurology, San Francisco, CA, May 2004: abstr
    • (2004) Presented at the 56th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Neurology
    • Vermersch, P.1    Waucquier, N.2    Bourteel, H.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.