메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 20, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 520-524

Hormonal approaches to male contraception

Author keywords

androgens; progestins; selective androgen receptor modulators; suppression of spermatogenesis

Indexed keywords

ANDROGEN; GESTAGEN; SELECTIVE ANDROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATOR; TESTOSTERONE;

EID: 78049265350     PISSN: 09630643     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MOU.0b013e32833f1b4a     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (45)

References (51)
  • 1
    • 0037168913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endocrine regulation of testicular function in men: Implications for contraceptive development
    • Amory JK, Bremner W. Endocrine regulation of testicular function in men: implications for contraceptive development. MolCell Endocrinol 2002; 186:205-209.
    • (2002) MolCell Endocrinol , vol.186 , pp. 205-209
    • Amory, J.K.1    Bremner, W.2
  • 2
    • 2342435686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Male hormonal contraception
    • Wang C, Swerdloff RS. Male hormonal contraception. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004; 190 (4 Suppl):S60-S68.
    • (2004) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.190 , Issue.4 SUPPL.
    • Wang, C.1    Swerdloff, R.S.2
  • 3
    • 0018001437 scopus 로고
    • Current efforts to develop male hormonal contraception
    • Schearer SB. Current efforts to develop male hormonal contraception. Stud Fam Plann 1978; 9:229-231.
    • (1978) Stud Fam Plann , vol.9 , pp. 229-231
    • Schearer, S.B.1
  • 6
    • 0018240518 scopus 로고
    • Clinical trial with testosterone undecanoate for male fertility control
    • Nieschlag E, Hoogen H, Bolk M, et al. Clinical trial with testosterone undecanoate for male fertility control. Contraception 1978; 18:607-614. (Pubitemid 9098602)
    • (1978) Contraception , vol.18 , Issue.6 , pp. 607-614
    • Nieschlag, E.1    Hoogen, H.2    Boelk, M.3
  • 7
    • 0017586302 scopus 로고
    • Effect of chronic administration of testosterone enanthate on sperm production and plasma testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone levels: A preliminary evaluation of a possible male contraceptive
    • Steinberger E, Smith KD. Effect of chronic administration of testosterone enanthate on sperm production and plasma testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone levels: a preliminary evaluation of a possible male contraceptive. Fertil Steril 1977; 28:1320-1328.
    • (1977) Fertil Steril , vol.28 , pp. 1320-1328
    • Steinberger, E.1    Smith, K.D.2
  • 8
    • 0017730253 scopus 로고
    • Testosterone enanthate a possible reversible male contraceptive
    • Steinberger E, Smith KD. Testosterone enanthate a possible reversible male contraceptive. Contraception 1977; 16:261-268.
    • (1977) Contraception , vol.16 , pp. 261-268
    • Steinberger, E.1    Smith, K.D.2
  • 9
    • 0025066149 scopus 로고
    • World health organization task force on methods for the regulation of male fertility
    • World Health Organization Task Force on methods for the regulation of male f. Contraceptive efficacy of testosterone-induced azoospermia in normal men
    • World Health Organization Task Force on methods for the regulation of male f. Contraceptive efficacy of testosterone-induced azoospermia in normal men. World Health Organization Task Force on methods for the regulation of male fertility. Lancet 1990; 336:955-959.
    • (1990) Lancet , vol.336 , pp. 955-959
  • 10
    • 0029960780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World health organization task force on methods for the regulation of male f. contraceptive efficacy of testosterone-induced azoospermia and oligozoos-permia in normal men
    • World Health Organization Task Force on methods for the regulation of male f. Contraceptive efficacy of testosterone-induced azoospermia and oligozoos-permia in normal men. Fertil Steril 1996; 65:821-829.
    • (1996) Fertil Steril , vol.65 , pp. 821-829
  • 11
    • 0347627641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of progestins in male contraception
    • Nieschlag E, Zitzmann M, Kamischke A. Use of progestins in male contraception. Steroids 2003; 68 (10-13):965-972.
    • (2003) Steroids , vol.68 , Issue.10-13 , pp. 965-972
    • Nieschlag, E.1    Zitzmann, M.2    Kamischke, A.3
  • 12
    • 1642502519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of androgen-progestin regimens for male contraception
    • Meriggiola MC, Farley TM, Mbizvo MT. A review of androgen-progestin regimens for male contraception. J Androl 2003; 24:466-483.
    • (2003) J Androl , vol.24 , pp. 466-483
    • Meriggiola, M.C.1    Farley, T.M.2    Mbizvo, M.T.3
  • 13
    • 0021804961 scopus 로고
    • Does constant infusion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist lead to greater suppression of gonadal function in man than its intermittent administration?
    • Bhasin S, Steiner B, Swerdloff R. Does constant infusion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist lead to greater suppression of gonadal function in man than its intermittent administration? Fertil Steril 1985; 44:96-101.
    • (1985) Fertil Steril , vol.44 , pp. 96-101
    • Bhasin, S.1    Steiner, B.2    Swerdloff, R.3
  • 14
    • 0021827041 scopus 로고
    • Hormonal effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist in the human male. III. Effects of long term combined treatment with GnRH agonist and androgen
    • Bhasin S, Heber D, Steiner BS, et al. Hormonal effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist in the human male. III. Effects of long term combined treatment with GnRH agonist and androgen. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1985; 60:998-1003. (Pubitemid 15085135)
    • (1985) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.60 , Issue.5 , pp. 998-1003
    • Bhasin, S.1    Heber, D.2    Steiner, B.S.3
  • 15
    • 0024533172 scopus 로고
    • Mode of suppression of pituitary and gonadal function after acute or prolonged administration of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone antagonist in normal men
    • Pavlou SN, Wakefield G, Schlechter NL, et al. Mode of suppression of pituitary and gonadal function after acute or prolonged administration of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone antagonist in normal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1989; 68:446-454.
    • (1989) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.68 , pp. 446-454
    • Pavlou, S.N.1    Wakefield, G.2    Schlechter, N.L.3
  • 16
    • 0023220683 scopus 로고
    • Suppression of pituitary-gonadal function by a potent new luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone antagonist in normal men
    • Pavlou SN, Wakefield GB, Island DP, et al. Suppression of pituitary-gonadal function by a potent new luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone antagonist in normal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1987; 64:931-936.
    • (1987) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.64 , pp. 931-936
    • Pavlou, S.N.1    Wakefield, G.B.2    Island, D.P.3
  • 17
    • 0031741889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression of spermatogenesis in man induced by Nal-Glu gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonist and testosterone enanthate (TE) is maintained by TE alone
    • Swerdloff RS, Bagatell CJ, Wang C, et al. Suppression of spermatogenesis in man induced by Nal-Glu gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonist and testosterone enanthate (TE) is maintained by TE alone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83:3527-3533.
    • (1998) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.83 , pp. 3527-3533
    • Swerdloff, R.S.1    Bagatell, C.J.2    Wang, C.3
  • 18
    • 0027250374 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of a gonadotropin releasing-hormone antagonist plus testosterone (T) versus T alone as potential male contraceptive regimens
    • Bagatell CJ, Matsumoto AM, Christensen RB, et al. Comparison of a gonadotropin releasing-hormone antagonist plus testosterone (T) versus T alone as potential male contraceptive regimens. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993; 77:427-432.
    • (1993) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.77 , pp. 427-432
    • Bagatell, C.J.1    Matsumoto, A.M.2    Christensen, R.B.3
  • 19
    • 32544447882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levonorgestrel implants enhanced the suppression of spermatogenesis by testosterone implants: Comparison between Chinese and non-Chinese men
    • Wang C, Wang XH, Nelson AL, et al. Levonorgestrel implants enhanced the suppression of spermatogenesis by testosterone implants: comparison between Chinese and non-Chinese men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91:460-470.
    • (2006) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.91 , pp. 460-470
    • Wang, C.1    Wang, X.H.2    Nelson, A.L.3
  • 20
    • 0030050344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined administration of levonorgestrel and testosterone induces more rapid and effective suppression of spermatogenesis than testosterone alone: A promising male contraceptive approach
    • Bebb RA, Anawalt BD, Christensen RB, et al. Combined administration of levonorgestrel and testosterone induces more rapid and effective suppression of spermatogenesis than testosterone alone: a promising male contraceptive approach. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996; 81:757-762.
    • (1996) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.81 , pp. 757-762
    • Bebb, R.A.1    Anawalt, B.D.2    Christensen, R.B.3
  • 21
    • 0032902148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral progestogen combined with testosterone as a potential male contraceptive: Additive effects between desogestrel and testosterone enanthate in suppression of spermatogenesis, pituitary-testicular axis, and lipid metabolism
    • Wu FC, Balasubramanian R, Mulders TM, Coelingh-Bennink HJ. Oral progestogen combined with testosterone as a potential male contraceptive: additive effects between desogestrel and testosterone enanthate in suppression of spermatogenesis, pituitary-testicular axis, and lipid metabolism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84:112-122.
    • (1999) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.84 , pp. 112-122
    • Wu, F.C.1    Balasubramanian, R.2    Mulders, T.M.3    Coelingh-Bennink, H.J.4
  • 22
    • 0036171527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An effective hormonal male contraceptive using testosterone undecanoate with oral or injectable nor-ethisterone preparations
    • Kamischke A, Heuermann T, Kruger K, et al. An effective hormonal male contraceptive using testosterone undecanoate with oral or injectable nor-ethisterone preparations. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87:530-539.
    • (2002) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.87 , pp. 530-539
    • Kamischke, A.1    Heuermann, T.2    Kruger, K.3
  • 23
    • 0029847002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Establishing the minimum effective dose and additive effects of depot progestin in suppression of human spermatogenesis by a testosterone depot
    • Handelsman DJ, Conway AJ, Howe CJ, et al. Establishing the minimum effective dose and additive effects of depot progestin in suppression of human spermatogenesis by a testosterone depot. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996; 81:4113-4121.
    • (1996) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.81 , pp. 4113-4121
    • Handelsman, D.J.1    Conway, A.J.2    Howe, C.J.3
  • 24
    • 0036348463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levonorgestrel implants (Norplant II) for male contraception clinical trials: Combination with transdermal and injectable testosterone
    • Gonzalo ITG, Swerdloff RS, Nelson AL, et al. Levonorgestrel implants (Norplant II) for male contraception clinical trials: combination with transdermal and injectable testosterone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87:3562-3572.
    • (2002) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.87 , pp. 3562-3572
    • Gonzalo, I.T.G.1    Swerdloff, R.S.2    Nelson, A.L.3
  • 25
    • 0242383404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contraceptive efficacy of a depot progestin and androgen combination in men
    • Turner L, Conway AJ, Jimenez M, et al. Contraceptive efficacy of a depot progestin and androgen combination in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88:4659-4667.
    • (2003) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.88 , pp. 4659-4667
    • Turner, L.1    Conway, A.J.2    Jimenez, M.3
  • 26
    • 0037326027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multicenter contraceptive efficacy study of injectable testosterone undecanoate in healthy Chinese men
    • Gu YQ, Wang XH, Xu D, et al. A multicenter contraceptive efficacy study of injectable testosterone undecanoate in healthy Chinese men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88:562-568.
    • (2003) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.88 , pp. 562-568
    • Gu, Y.Q.1    Wang, X.H.2    Xu, D.3
  • 27
    • 47549091001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Male hormonal contraception: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study
    • Mommers E, Kersemaekers WM, Elliesen J, et al. Male hormonal contraception: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 93:2572-2580.
    • (2008) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.93 , pp. 2572-2580
    • Mommers, E.1    Kersemaekers, W.M.2    Elliesen, J.3
  • 28
    • 67650224522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined transdermal testosterone gel and the progestin nestorone suppresses serum gonadotropins in men
    • Mahabadi V, Amory JK, Swerdloff RS, et al. Combined transdermal testosterone gel and the progestin nestorone suppresses serum gonadotropins in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94:2313-2320.
    • (2009) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.94 , pp. 2313-2320
    • Mahabadi, V.1    Amory, J.K.2    Swerdloff, R.S.3
  • 29
    • 66749093001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multicenter contraceptive efficacy trial of injectable testosterone undecanoate in Chinese men
    • Gu Y, Liang X, Wu W, et al. Multicenter contraceptive efficacy trial of injectable testosterone undecanoate in Chinese men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94:1910-1915.
    • (2009) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.94 , pp. 1910-1915
    • Gu, Y.1    Liang, X.2    Wu, W.3
  • 30
    • 43249103371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of the rate and extent of spermatogenic suppression during hormonal male contraception: An integrated analysis
    • Liu PY, Swerdloff RS, Anawalt BD, et al. Determinants of the rate and extent of spermatogenic suppression during hormonal male contraception: an integrated analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 93:1774-1783.
    • (2008) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.93 , pp. 1774-1783
    • Liu, P.Y.1    Swerdloff, R.S.2    Anawalt, B.D.3
  • 31
    • 2942640232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testosterone metabolic clearance and production rates determined by stable isotope dilution/tandem mass spectrometry in normal men: Influence of ethnicity and age
    • Wang C, Catlin DH, Starcevic B, et al. Testosterone metabolic clearance and production rates determined by stable isotope dilution/tandem mass spectrometry in normal men: influence of ethnicity and age. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89:2936-2941.
    • (2004) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.89 , pp. 2936-2941
    • Wang, C.1    Catlin, D.H.2    Starcevic, B.3
  • 32
    • 0031732511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative rates of androgen production and metabolism in Caucasian and Chinese subjects
    • Santner SJ, Albertson B, Zhang GY, et al. Comparative rates of androgen production and metabolism in Caucasian and Chinese subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83:2104-2109.
    • (1998) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.83 , pp. 2104-2109
    • Santner, S.J.1    Albertson, B.2    Zhang, G.Y.3
  • 33
    • 0028846963 scopus 로고
    • Serum androgens and sex hormone-binding globulins in relation to lifestyle factors in older African-American, white, and Asian men in the United States and Canada
    • Wu AH, Whittemore AS, Kolonel LN, et al. Serum androgens and sex hormone-binding globulins in relation to lifestyle factors in older African-American, white, and Asian men in the United States and Canada. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1995; 4:735-741.
    • (1995) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , vol.4 , pp. 735-741
    • Wu, A.H.1    Whittemore, A.S.2    Kolonel, L.N.3
  • 34
    • 0026553251 scopus 로고
    • 5-alpha-reductase activity and risk of prostate cancer among Japanese and US white and black males
    • Ross RK, Bernstein L, Lobo RA, et al. 5-alpha-reductase activity and risk of prostate cancer among Japanese and US white and black males. Lancet 1992; 339:887-889.
    • (1992) Lancet , vol.339 , pp. 887-889
    • Ross, R.K.1    Bernstein, L.2    Lobo, R.A.3
  • 35
    • 0025882885 scopus 로고
    • Clinical and biochemical parameters of androgen action in normal healthy Caucasian versus Chinese subjects
    • Lookingbill DP, Demers LM, Wang C, et al. Clinical and biochemical parameters of androgen action in normal healthy Caucasian versus Chinese subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991; 72:1242-1248.
    • (1991) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.72 , pp. 1242-1248
    • Lookingbill, D.P.1    Demers, L.M.2    Wang, C.3
  • 36
    • 21044438748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-dose human chorionic gonadotropin maintains intratesticular testosterone in normal men with testosterone-induced gonadotropin suppression
    • Coviello AD, Matsumoto AM, Bremner WJ, et al. Low-dose human chorionic gonadotropin maintains intratesticular testosterone in normal men with testosterone-induced gonadotropin suppression. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90:2595-2602.
    • (2005) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.90 , pp. 2595-2602
    • Coviello, A.D.1    Matsumoto, A.M.2    Bremner, W.J.3
  • 37
    • 0031791243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Graded testosterone infusions distinguish gonadotropin negative-feedback responsiveness in Asian and white men: A Clinical Research Center study
    • Wang C, Berman NG, Veldhuis JD, et al. Graded testosterone infusions distinguish gonadotropin negative-feedback responsiveness in Asian and white men: a Clinical Research Center study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83:870-876.
    • (1998) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.83 , pp. 870-876
    • Wang, C.1    Berman, N.G.2    Veldhuis, J.D.3
  • 38
    • 14444284368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous germ cell apoptosis in humans: Evidence for ethnic differences in the susceptibility of germ cells to programmed cell death
    • Hikim AP, Wang C, Lue Y, et al. Spontaneous germ cell apoptosis in humans: evidence for ethnic differences in the susceptibility of germ cells to programmed cell death. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83:152-156.
    • (1998) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.83 , pp. 152-156
    • Hikim, A.P.1    Wang, C.2    Lue, Y.3
  • 39
    • 33646153302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rate, extent, and modifiers of spermatogenic recovery after hormonal male contraception: An integrated analysis
    • Liu PY, Swerdloff RS, Christenson PD, et al. Rate, extent, and modifiers of spermatogenic recovery after hormonal male contraception: an integrated analysis. Lancet 2006; 367:1412-1420.
    • (2006) Lancet , vol.367 , pp. 1412-1420
    • Liu, P.Y.1    Swerdloff, R.S.2    Christenson, P.D.3
  • 40
    • 0020202095 scopus 로고
    • Hormonal contraception for men: Acceptability and effects on sexuality
    • Planning WHOTFoPRiF
    • Planning WHOTFoPRiF. Hormonal contraception for men: acceptability and effects on sexuality. Stud Fam Plann 1982; 13:328-342.
    • (1982) Stud Fam Plann , vol.13 , pp. 328-342
  • 41
    • 0034011741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential impact of hormonal male contraception: Cross-cultural implications for development of novel preparations
    • Martin CW, Anderson RA, Cheng L, et al. Potential impact of hormonal male contraception: cross-cultural implications for development of novel preparations. Hum Reprod 2000; 15:637-645.
    • (2000) Hum Reprod , vol.15 , pp. 637-645
    • Martin, C.W.1    Anderson, R.A.2    Cheng, L.3
  • 42
    • 0034053261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Would women trust their partners to use a male pill?
    • Glasier AF, Anakwe R, Everington D, et al. Would women trust their partners to use a male pill? Hum Reprod 2000; 15:646-649.
    • (2000) Hum Reprod , vol.15 , pp. 646-649
    • Glasier, A.F.1    Anakwe, R.2    Everington, D.3
  • 43
    • 14044262293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attitudes toward male fertility control: Results of a multinational survey on four continents
    • Heinemann K, Saad F, Wiesemes M, et al. Attitudes toward male fertility control: results of a multinational survey on four continents. Hum Reprod 2005; 20:549-556.
    • (2005) Hum Reprod , vol.20 , pp. 549-556
    • Heinemann, K.1    Saad, F.2    Wiesemes, M.3
  • 44
    • 33746457360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Azoospermia: Virtual reality or possible to quantify?
    • Cooper TG, Hellenkemper B, Jonckheere J, et al. Azoospermia: virtual reality or possible to quantify? J Androl 2006; 27:483-490.
    • (2006) J Androl , vol.27 , pp. 483-490
    • Cooper, T.G.1    Hellenkemper, B.2    Jonckheere, J.3
  • 45
    • 10744233376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A clinical trial of 7 alpha-methyl-19-nortestosterone implants for possible use as a long-acting contraceptive for men
    • von Eckardstein S, Noe G, Brache V, et al. A clinical trial of 7 alpha-methyl-19-nortestosterone implants for possible use as a long-acting contraceptive for men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88:5232-5239.
    • (2003) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.88 , pp. 5232-5239
    • Von Eckardstein, S.1    Noe, G.2    Brache, V.3
  • 46
    • 0032873583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gonadotrophin and testosterone suppression by 7alpha-methyl-19- nortestosterone acetate administered by subdermal implant to healthy men
    • Noe G, Suvisaari J, Martin C, et al. Gonadotrophin and testosterone suppression by 7alpha-methyl-19-nortestosterone acetate administered by subdermal implant to healthy men. Hum Reprod 1999; 14:2200-2206.
    • (1999) Hum Reprod , vol.14 , pp. 2200-2206
    • Noe, G.1    Suvisaari, J.2    Martin, C.3
  • 47
    • 33646809681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dimethandrolone undecanoate: A new potent orally active androgen with progestational activity
    • Attardi BJ, Hild SA, Reel JR. Dimethandrolone undecanoate: a new potent orally active androgen with progestational activity. Endocrinology 2006; 147:3016-3026.
    • (2006) Endocrinology , vol.147 , pp. 3016-3026
    • Attardi, B.J.1    Hild, S.A.2    Reel, J.R.3
  • 48
    • 44849091208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dimethandrolone (7alpha, 11 beta-dimethyl-19-nortestosterone) and 11beta-methyl-19-nortestosterone are not converted to aromatic A-ring products in the presence of recombinant human aromatase
    • Attardi BJ, Pham TC, Radler LC, et al. Dimethandrolone (7alpha, 11 beta-dimethyl-19-nortestosterone) and 11beta-methyl-19-nortestosterone are not converted to aromatic A-ring products in the presence of recombinant human aromatase. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2008; 110 (3-5):214-222.
    • (2008) J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol , vol.110 , Issue.3-5 , pp. 214-222
    • Attardi, B.J.1    Pham, T.C.2    Radler, L.C.3
  • 49
    • 67549142234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs): Dissociating the anabolic and androgenic activities of the androgen receptor for therapeutic benefit
    • Mohler ML, Bohl CE, Jones A, et al. Nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs): dissociating the anabolic and androgenic activities of the androgen receptor for therapeutic benefit. J Med Chem 2009; 52:3597-3617.
    • (2009) J Med Chem , vol.52 , pp. 3597-3617
    • Mohler, M.L.1    Bohl, C.E.2    Jones, A.3
  • 50
    • 59049096464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective androgen receptor modulators in preclinical and clinical development
    • Narayanan R, Mohler ML, Bohl CE, et al. Selective androgen receptor modulators in preclinical and clinical development. Nucl Recept Signal 2008; 6:e010.
    • (2008) Nucl Recept Signal , vol.6
    • Narayanan, R.1    Mohler, M.L.2    Bohl, C.E.3
  • 51
    • 58149473439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preclinical characterization of a (S)-N-(4-cyano-3-trifluoromethyl- phenyl)-3-(3-fluoro, 4-chlorophenoxy)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propanamide: A selective androgen receptor modulator for hormonal male contraception
    • Jones A, Chen J, Hwang DJ, et al. Preclinical characterization of a (S)-N-(4-cyano-3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-3-(3-fluoro, 4-chlorophenoxy)-2- hydroxy-2-methyl-propanamide: a selective androgen receptor modulator for hormonal male contraception. Endocrinology 2009; 150:385-395.
    • (2009) Endocrinology , vol.150 , pp. 385-395
    • Jones, A.1    Chen, J.2    Hwang, D.J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.