Contraceptive Efficacy of a Depot Progestin and Androgen Combination in Men

Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism

Volumn 88, Issue 10, 2003, Pages 4659-4667

  Turner, Leo ^a   Conway, Ann J ^a   Jimenez, Mark ^a   Liu, Peter Y ^a   Forbes, Elise ^b   McLachlan, Robert I ^b   Handelsman, David J ^a,c  

^a Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases   (Australia)

^b MONASH MEDICAL CENTRE   (Australia)

^c ANZAC RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANDROGEN; GESTAGEN; GONADOTROPIN; MALE CONTRACEPTIVE AGENT; MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; TESTOSTERONE;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CONDOM; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG EXPOSURE; DRUG SAFETY; HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION; HORMONE DEFICIENCY; HUMAN; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; OUTCOMES RESEARCH; PREGNANCY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SPERM; SPERMATOGENESIS; SPERMATOZOON DENSITY; TESTIS DISEASE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; CONTRACEPTION; CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE; DELAYED-ACTION PREPARATIONS; DRUG COMBINATIONS; DRUG IMPLANTS; FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE; GONADAL STEROID HORMONES; HUMANS; LUTEINIZING HORMONE; MALE; MEDROXYPROGESTERONE 17-ACETATE; MIDDLE AGED; SPERM COUNT; TESTOSTERONE;

EID: 0242383404     PISSN: 0021972X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1210/jc.2003-030107     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Handelsman DJ 2001 Male contraception. In: DeGroot LJ, ed. Endocrinology, 4th Ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2344-2349
2. Anderson RA, Baird DT 2002 Male contraception. Endocr Rev 23:735-762
3. Heckel NJ 1939 Production of oligospermia in a man by the use of testosterone propionate. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 40:658-659
4. Hamilton JB 1937 Treatment of sexual underdevelopment with synthetic male hormone substance. Endocrinology 21:649-654
5. Patanelli DJ 1977 Hormonal control of fertility. Washington DC: U.S. Department of Health Education and Welfare
6. Schearer SB, Alvarez-Sanchez F, Anselmo J, Brenner P, Coutinho E, Latham-Faundes A, Frick J, Heinild B, Johansson EDB 1978 Hormonal contraception for men. Int J Androl Suppl 2:680-712
7. WHO Task Force on Methods for the Regulation of Male Fertility 1990 Contraceptive efficacy of testosterone-induced azoospermia in normal men. Lancet 336:955-959
8. WHO Task Force on Methods for the Regulation of Male Fertility 1996 Contraceptive efficacy of testosterone-induced azoospermia and oligozoospermia in normal men. Fertil Steril 65:821-829
9. Trussell J, Kost K 1987 Contraceptive failure in the Unites States: A critical review of the literature. Stud Fam Plann 18:237-283
10. Trussell J, Hatcher RA, Cates W, Stewart FH, Kost K 1990 Contraceptive failure in the United States: an update. Stud Fam Plann 21:51-54
11. Nieschlag E 2002 Sixth Summit Meeting Consensus: recommendations for regulatory approval for hormonal male contraception. Int J Androl 25:375
12. Cummings DE, Bremner WJ 1994 Prospects for new hormonal male contraceptives. In: Bremner WJ, ed. Clinical andrology. Philadelphia: Saunders; 893-922
13. Handelsman DJ, Wishart S, Conway AJ 2000 Oestradiol enhances testoster-one-induced suppression of human spermatogenesis. Hum Reprod 15:672-679
14. Handelsman DJ, Conway AJ, Howe CJ, Turner L, Mackey MA 1996 Establishing the minimum effective dose and additive effects of depot progestin in suppression of human spermatogenesis by a testosterone depot. J Cin Endocrinol Metab 81:4113-4121
15. Bebb RA, Anawalt BD, Christensen RB, Paulsen CA, Bremner WJ, Matsumoto AM 1996 Combined administration of levonorgestrel and testosterone induces more rapid and effective suppression of spermatogenesis than testosterone alone: a promising male contraceptive approach. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81:757-762
16. Meriggiola MC, Bremner WJ, Paulsen CA, Valdiserri A, Incorvaia L, Motta R, Pavani A, Capelli M, Flamigni C 1996 A combined regimen of cyproterone acetate and testosterone enanthate as a potentially highly effective male contraceptive. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81:3018-3023
17. Gonzalo IT, Swerdloff RS, Nelson AL, Clevenger B, Garcia R, Berman N, Wang C 2002 Levonorgestrel implants (Norplant II) for male contraception clinical trials: combination with transdermal and injectable testosterone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87:3562-3572
18. Anderson RA, Kinniburgh D, Baird DT 2002 Suppression of spermatogenesis by etonogestrel implants with depot testosterone: potential for long-acting male contraception. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87:3640-3649
19. Kamischke A, Heuermann T, Kruger K, von Eckardstein S, Schellschmidt I, Rubig A, Nieschlag E 2002 An effective hormonal male contraceptive using testosterone undecanoate with oral or injectable norethisterone preparations. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87:530-539
20. Handelsman DJ, Conway AJ, Boylan LM 1992 Suppression of human spermatogenesis by testosterone implants in man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 75: 1326-1332
21. Handelsman DJ, Conway AJ, Boylan LM 1990 Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of testosterone pellets in man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 71: 216-222
22. Handelsman DJ 1998 Clinical pharmacology of testosterone pellet implants. In: Nieschlag E, Behre HM, eds. Testosterone: action deficiency substitution, 2nd Ed. Berlin: Springer; 349-364
23. WHO 1999 WHO laboratory manual for the examination of human semen and sperm-cervical mucus interaction, 4th Ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
24. Handelsman DJ 2002 A hormonal male contraceptive: from wish to reality. Med J Aust 176:204-205
25. Casella G 1986 Refining bionomial confidence intervals. Can J Stat 14:113-129
26. Sutton AJ, Abrams KR, Jones DR, Sheldon TA, Song F 2002 Methods for meta-analysis in medical research. Chichester: Wiley & Sons
27. Amory JK, Bremner WJ 2000 Newer agents for hormonal contraception in the male. Trends Endocrinol Metab 11:61-66
28. Wang C, Swerdloff RS 2002 Male contraception. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 16:193-203
29. Sokal RR, Rohlf FJ 1995 Biometry, 3rd Ed. San Francisco: Freeman
30. Kallen K, Mastroiacovo P, Castilla EE, Robert E, Kallen B 2001 VATER non-random association of congenital malformations: study based on data from four malformation registers. Am J Med Genet 101:26-32
31. Trussell J, Vaughan B 1999 Contraceptive failure, method-related discontinuation and resumption of use: results from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth. Fam Plann Perspect 31:64-72
32. Gu YQ, Wang XH, Xu D, Peng L, Cheng LF, Huang MK, Huang ZJ, Zhang GY 2002 A multicenter contraceptive efficacy study of injectable testosterone undecanoate in healthy Chinese men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88:562-568
33. Handelsman DJ, Farley TMM, Peregoudov A, Waites GMH, WHO Task Force on Methods for the Regulation of Male Fertility 1995 Factors in the nonuniform induction of azoospermia by testosterone enanthate in normal men. Fertil Steril 63:125-133
34. Zitzmann M, Nieschlag E 2003 The CAG repeat polymorphism within the androgen receptor gene and maleness. Int J Androl 26:76-83
35. Yu B, Handelsman DJ 2001 Pharmacogenetic polymorphisms of the AR and metabolism and susceptibility to hormone-induced azoospermia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86:4406-4411
36. Santner S, Albertson B, Zhang GY, Zhang GH, Santulli M, Wang C, Demers LM, Shackleton C, Santen RJ 1998 Comparative rates of androgen production and metabolism in Caucasian and Chinese subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83:2104-2109
37. Jin B, Turner L, Zhou Z, Zhou EL, Handelsman DJ 1999 Ethnicity and migration as determinants of human prostate size. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84:3613-3619
38. Eckardstein SV, Schmidt A, Kamischke A, Simoni M, Gromoll J, Nieschlag E 2002 CAG repeat length in the androgen receptor gene and gonadotrophin suppression influence the effectiveness of hormonal male contraception. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 57:647-655
39. Hsing AW, Gao YT, Wu G, Wang X, Deng J, Chen YL, Sesterhenn IA, Mostofi FK, Benichou J, Chang C 2000 Polymorphic CAG and GGN repeat lengths in the androgen receptor gene and prostate cancer risk: a population-based case-control study in China. Cancer Res 60:5111-5116
40. Platz EA, Rimm EB, Willett WC, Kantoff PW, Giovannucci E 2000 Racial variation in prostate cancer incidence and in hormonal system markers among male health professionals. J Natl Cancer Inst 92:2009-2017
41. Jin B, Beilin J, Zajac J, Handelsman DJ 2000 Androgen receptor gene polymorphism and prostate zonal volumes in Australian and Chinese men. J Androl 21:91-98
42. Handelsman DJ 2003 Hormonal male contraception: lessons from the East when the Western market fails. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88:559-561
43. Kinniburgh D, Zhu H, Cheng L, Kicman AT, Baird DT, Anderson RA 2002 Oral desogestrel with testosterone pellets induces consistent suppression of spermatogenesis to azoospermia in both Caucasian and Chinese men. Hum Reprod 17:1490-1501
44. Anderson RA, Van Der Spuy ZM, Dada OA, Tregoning SK, Zinn PM, Adeniji OA, Fakoya TA, Smith KB, Baird DT 2002 Investigation of hormonal male contraception in African men: suppression of spermatogenesis by oral desogestrel with depot testosterone. Hum Reprod 17:2869-2877
45. Jockenhovel F, Vogel E, Kreutzer M, Reinhardt W, Lederbogen S, Reinwein D 1996 Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of subcutaneous testosterone implants in hypogonadal men. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 45:61-71
46. Kelleher S, Conway AJ, Handelsman DJ 2001 Influence of implantation site and track geometry on the extrusion rate and pharmacology of testosterone implants. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 55:531-536
47. Petra P, Stanczyk FZ, Namkung PC, Fritz MA, Novy ML 1985 Direct effect of sex-steroid binding protein (SBP) of plasma on the metabolic clearance rate of testosterone in the rhesus macaque. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 22:739-746
48. Frick J, Danner C, Kunit G, Joos H, Kohle R 1982 Spermatogenesis in men treated with injections of medroxyprogesterone acetate combined with testosterone enanthate. Int J Androl 5:246-252
49. Hedman M, Gottleib C, Svanborg K, Bygdeman M, delaTorre B 1988 Endocrine, seminal and peripheral effects of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate and testosterone enanthate in men. Int J Androl 11:265-276
50. McLachlan RI, O'Donnell L, Stanton PG, Balourdes G, Frydenberg M, de Kretser DM, Robertson DM 2002 Effects of testosterone plus medroxyprogesterone acetate on semen quality, reproductive hormones, and germ cell populations in normal young men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87:546-556
51. El-Hefnawy T, Huhtaniemi I 1998 Progesterone can participate in down-regulation of the luteinizing hormone receptor gene expression and function in cultured murine Leydig cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 137:127-138
52. Schwingl PJ, Guess HA 2000 Safety and effectiveness of vasectomy. Fertil Steril 73:923-936
53. Rodriguez H, King B, Otis AM 2000 Localization of concealed Norplant implants and implant fragments by a modified mammography technique. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 13:163-166
54. Potter L, Oakley D, de Leon-Wong E, Canamar R 1996 Measuring compliance among oral contraceptive users. Fam Plann Perspect 28:154-158
55. Winkler UH 1996 Effects of androgens on haemostasis. Maturitas 24:147-155
56. Zitzmann M, Junker R, Kamischke A, Nieschlag E 2002 Contraceptive steroids influence the hemostatic activation state in healthy men. J Androl 23: 503-511
57. Pollanen P, Nikkanen V, Huhtaniemi I 2001 Combination of subcutaneous levonorgestrel implants and transdermal dihydrotestosterone gel for male hormonal contraception. Int J Androl 24:369-380
58. Bhasin S, Swerdloff RS, Steiner B, Peterson MA, Meridores T, Galmirini M, Pandian MR, Goldberg R, Berman N 1992 A biodegradable testosterone microcapsule formulation provides uniform eugonadal levels of testosterone for 10-11 weeks in hypogonadal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 74:75-83
59. Amory JK, Anawalt BD, Blaskovich PD, Gilchriest J, Nuwayser ES, Matsumoto AM 2002 Testosterone release from a subcutaneous, biodegradable microcapsule formulation (Viatrel) in hypogonadal men. J Androl 23:84-91
60. Zhang GY, Gu YQ, Wang XH, Cui YG, Bremner WJ 1999 A clinical trial of injectable testosterone undecanoate as a potential male contraceptive in normal Chinese men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84:3642-3647
61. Nieschlag E, Buchter D, Von Eckardstein S, Abshagen K, Simoni M, Behre HM 1999 Repeated intramuscular injections of testosterone undecanoate for substitution therapy in hypogonadal men. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 51:757-763
62. Noe G, Suvisaari J, Martin C, Moo-Young AJ, Sundaram K, Saleh SI, Quintero E, Croxatto HB, Lahteenmaki P 1999 Gonadotrophin and testosterone suppression by 7α-methyl-19-nortestosterone acetate administered by sub-dermal implant to healthy men. Hum Reprod 14:2200-2206
63. Baird DT, Glasier AF 1993 Hormonal contraception. N Engl J Med 328:1543-1549
64. Potts M 1996 The myth of a male pill. Nat Med 2:398-399
65. Martin CW, Anderson RA, Cheng L, Ho PC, van der Spuy Z, Smith KB, Glasier AF, Everington D, Baird DT 2000 Potential impact of hormonal male contraception: cross-cultural implications for development of novel preparations. Hum Reprod 15:637-645
66. Weston GC, Schlipalius ML, Bhuinneanin MN, Vollenhoven BJ 2002 Will Australian men use male hormonal contraception? Med J Aust 176:208-210
67. Glasier AF, Anakwe R, Everington D, Martin CW, van der Spuy Z, Cheng L, Ho PC, Anderson RA 2000 Would women trust their partners to use a male pill? Hum Reprod 15:646-649