Short-term risk of HIV disease progression and death in Ugandan children not eligible for antiretroviral therapy

Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

Volumn 55, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 330-335

  Charlebois, Edwin D ^a   Ruel, Theodore D ^a   Gasasira, Anne F ^b   Achan, Jane ^c   Kateera, Frederick ^c   Akello, Caroline ^c   Cao, Huyen ^d   Dorsey, Grant ^a   Rosenthal, Philip J ^a   Ssewanyana, Isaac ^e   Kamya, Moses R ^c   Havlir, Diane V ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c MAKERERE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL SCHOOL   (Uganda)

^d CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^e JOINT CLINICAL RESEARCH CENTRE   (Uganda)

Author keywords

children; HIV; monitoring; progression; resource limited

Indexed keywords

VIRUS RNA; ANTI HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AGENT;

ARTICLE; CD4+ T LYMPHOCYTE; CD8+ T LYMPHOCYTE; CELL ACTIVATION; CHILD; DISEASE COURSE; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INFANT; INFECTION RISK; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; POPULATION RESEARCH; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCHOOL CHILD; SURVIVAL RATE; UGANDA; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION; AFRICA; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; IMMUNOLOGY; LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION; MORTALITY; PATHOLOGY; RISK FACTOR; VIROLOGY; VIRUS LOAD;

AFRICA; ANTI-HIV AGENTS; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; CD8-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DISEASE PROGRESSION; FEMALE; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; INFANT; LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION; MALE; RISK FACTORS; UGANDA; VIRAL LOAD;

EID: 78049240969     PISSN: 15254135     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181e583da     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. UNAIDS. Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic\-Executive Summary. Available at: http://data.unaids.org/pub/GlobalReport/2008/jc1510- 2008globalreport-en. pdf. Accessed July 28, 2009.
2. WHO. Report of the WHO Technical Reference Group. Paper presented at: Paediatric HIV/ART Care Guideline Group Meeting; April 10-11, 2008; WHO Headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland.
3. Antiretroviral Therapy of HIV Infection in Infants and Children in Resource-Limited Settings: Towards Universal Access. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization 2006.
4. Were WA, Mermin JH, Wamai N, et al. Undiagnosed HIV infection and couple HIV discordance among household members of HIV-infected people receiving antiretroviral therapy in Uganda. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2006;43:91-95.
5. Abrams EJ. The unanswered question: when to initiate antiretroviral therapy in children with HIV infection. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2007;2: 416-425.
6. Kamya MR, Gasasira AF, Achan J, et al. Effects of trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole and insecticide-treated bednets on malaria among HIV-infected Ugandan children. AIDS. 2007;21:2059-2066.
7. Antiretroviral Therapy of HIV Infection in Infantsand Children in Resource-Limited Settings: Towards Universal Access. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization 2006: 158. Available at: http://www.who.int/hiv/ pub/guidelines/paediatric020907.pdf. Accessed July 28, 2009.
8. Ruel T, Ssewanyana I, Achan J, et al. Dynamics of T cell activation accompanying CD4 recovery in antiretroviral treated HIV-infected Ugandan children. Clin Immunol. 2009;131:410-414. [Epub a head of print March 19, 2009].
9. Children and AIDS: Second Stocktaking Report. Geneva, Switzerland: UNAIDS 2008.
10. + lymphocyte count in HIV-infected infants and children. JAMA. 1998;279:756-761.
11. HIV Paediatric Prognostic Markers Collaborative Study G. Short-term risk of disease progression in HIV-1-infected children receiving no antiretroviral therapy or zidovudine monotherapy: a meta-analysis. Lancet. 2003;362:1605-1611.
12. Mofenson LM, Korelitz J, Meyer WA III, et al. The relationship between serum human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA level, CD4 lymphocyte percent, and long-term mortality risk in HIV-1-infected children. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Intravenous Immunoglobulin Clinical Trial Study Group. J Infect Dis. 1997;175:1029-1038.
13. Taha TE, Graham SM, Kumwenda NI, et al. Morbidity among human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected and-uninfected African children. Pediatrics. 2000;106:e77.
14. Rouet F, Sakarovitch C, Msellati P, et al. Pediatric viral human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA levels, timing of infection, and disease progression in African HIV-1-infected children. Pediatrics. 2003;112:e289.
15. Taha TE, Kumwenda NI, Hoover DR, et al. Association of HIV-1 load and CD4 lymphocyte count with mortality among untreated African children over one year of age. AIDS. 2000;14:453-459.
16. Cross Continents Collaboration for Kids (3Cs4kids) Analysis and Writing Committee. Markers for predicting mortality in untreated HIV-infected children in resource-limited settings: a meta-analysis. AIDS. 2008;22: 97-105.
17. + T cell levels: results of 6 years of follow-up. The Los Angeles Center, Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1993; 6:904-912.
18. + T cells is a marker of poor prognosis in HIV infection: results of 6 years of follow-up. Cytometry. 1996;26:1-7.
19. + lymphocyte percent: a useful immunological marker for monitoring HIV-1-infected patients. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1997;14:158-162.
20. Hazenberg MD, Otto SA, van Benthem BH, et al. Persistent immune activation in HIV-1 infection is associated with progression to AIDS. AIDS. 2003;17:1881-1888.
21. + T-cell subsets in HIV-infected rapid progressor children versus non-rapid progressor children. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001;108:258-264.
22. Resino S, Correa R, Bellon JM, et al. Preserved immune system in long-term asymptomatic vertically HIV-1 infected children. Clin Exp Immunol. 2003;132:105-112.
23. Ssewanyana I, Elrefaei M, Dorsey G, et al. Profile of T cell immune responses in HIV-infected children from Uganda. J Infect Dis. 2007; 196:1667-1670.
24. + T cell gains in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with sustained viral suppression during antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis. 2003;187:1534-1543.
25. + T-cell immunodeficiency is more dependent on immune activation than viral load in HIV-infected children on highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2006;42:269-276.
26. Rizzardini G, Trabattoni D, Saresella M, et al. Immune activation in HIV-infected African individuals. Italian-Ugandan AIDS cooperation program. AIDS. 1998;12:2387-2396.
27. Vigano A, SM, Natascia S, et al. Immune activation in a cohort of horizontally HIV-infected Lybian children. Int Conf AIDS. 2000;13: (abstract no. MoPeB2191).
28. Treatment WTRGoPHCa. Antiretroviral therapy of HIV infection in infants and children in resource-limited settings: towards universal access. Available at: http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/guidelines/paediatric020907. pdf. 2006:158.
29. Dunn D. Short-term risk of disease progression in HIV-1-infected children receiving no antiretroviral therapy or zidovudine monotherapy: a meta-analysis. Lancet. 2003;362:1605-1611.
30. Rapid Advice: Antiretroviral Therapy for Adults and Adolescents: Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. 2009.
31. Antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in infants and children: Towards universal access, Executive summary of recommendations, Preliminary version for program planning. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2010. Available at:http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/paediatric/ paed-prelim-summary.pdf. Accessed June 22, 2010.