Plate-driven mantle dynamics and global patterns of mid-ocean ridge bathymetry

Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems

Volumn 11, Issue 10, 2010, Pages

  Weatherley, Samuel M ^a   Katz, Richard F ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

mantle; melt; mid ocean ridge; modeling

Indexed keywords

BATHYMETRY; FOCUSING; FORECASTING; OCEANOGRAPHY; PLATES (STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS);

CRUSTAL THICKNESS; DEPTH CHANGES; GLOBAL OBSERVATION; GLOBAL PATTERNS; MANTLE; MANTLE DYNAMICS; MELT; MELT PRODUCTION; MID-OCEAN RIDGE; MID-OCEAN RIDGES; MODELING; MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES; NUMERICAL MODELS; PLATE BOUNDARIES; RIDGE MIGRATION; SYSTEMATIC VARIATION; THERMAL STRUCTURE;

THREE DIMENSIONAL;

BATHYMETRY; CRUSTAL THICKNESS; GEOCHEMISTRY; GEOMORPHOLOGY; MANTLE PROCESS; MELT; MID-OCEAN RIDGE; NUMERICAL MODEL; PLATE BOUNDARY; THERMAL STRUCTURE; UPWELLING;

EID: 77958138721     PISSN: 15252027     EISSN: 15252027     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2010GC003192     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Balay, S., W. D. Gropp, L. Curfman McInnes, and B. F. Smith (1997), Efficient management of parallelism in object oriented numerical software libraries, in Modern Software Tools in Scientific Computing, edited by E. Arge, A. M. Bruaset, and H. P. Langtangen, pp. 163-202, Birkhäuser, Boston.
2. Balay, S., K. Buschelman, V. Eijkhout, W. D. Gropp, D. Kaushik, M. G. Knepley, L. Curfman McInnes, B. F. Smith, and H. Zhang (2009), PETSc users manual, Rep. ANL-95/11, rev. 3.0.0, Argonne Natl. Lab., Argonne, Ill. (Available at http://www.mcs.anl.gov/petsc/petsc?as/)
3. Batiza, R., Y. L. Niu, and W. C. Zayac (1990), Chemistry of seamounts near the East Pacific Rise-Implications for the geometry of subaxial mantle flow, Geology, 18(11), 1122-1125.
4. Behn, M., M. S. Boettcher, and G. Hirth (2007), Thermal structure of oceanic transform faults, Geology, 35(4), 307-310.
5. Bell, R. E., and W. R. Buck (1992), Crustal control of ridge segmentation inferred from observations of the Reykjanes Ridge, Nature, 357, 583-586.
6. Bowin, C., and J. Milligan (1985), Negative gravity-anomaly over spreading rift valleys-Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 26°N, Tectonophysics, 113(3-4), 233-256.
7. Canales, J. P., R. S. Detrick, D. R. Toomey, and W. S. D. Wilcock (2003), Segment-scale variations in the crustal structure of 150-300 kyr old fast spreading oceanic crust (East Pacific Rise, 8° 15′N-10° 5′N) from wide-angle seismic refraction profiles, Geophys. J. Int., 152(3), 766-794.
8. Carbotte, S. M., C. Small, and K. Donnelly (2004), The influence of ridge migration on the magmatic segmentation of mid-ocean ridges, Nature, 429(6993), 743-746.
9. Chen, Y. J. (1996), Constraints on melt production rate beneath the mid-ocean ridges based on passive flow models, Pure Appl. Geophys., 146(3-4), 589-620.
10. Chen, Y., and W. J. Morgan (1990), A nonlinear rheology model for mid-ocean ridge axis topography, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 17,583-17,604.
11. Cochran, J. R. (1979), Analysis of isostasy in the world's oceans: 2. Midocean ridge crests, J. Geophys. Res., 84(B9), 4713-4729.
12. Collier, J., and S. Singh (1998), A seismic inversion study of the axial magma chamber reflector beneath the East Pacific Rise near 10°N, Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ., 148(1), 17-28.
13. Conder, J. A., D. W. Forsyth, and E. M. Parmentier (2002), Asthenospheric flow and asymmetry of the East Pacific Rise, MELT area, J. Geophys. Res., 107(B12), 2344, doi:10.1029/ 2001JB000807.
14. Davis, E. E., and J. L. Karsten (1986), On the cause of the asymmetric distribution of seamounts about the Juan de Fuca ridge: Ridge-crest migration over a heterogeneous asthenosphere, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 79(3-4), 385-396.
15. DeMets, C., R. G. Gordon, D. F. Argus, and S. Stein (1994), Effect of recent revisions to the geomagnetic reversal timescale on estimates of current plate motions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21(20), 2191-2194.
16. Detrick, R. S., H. D. Needham, and V. Renard (1995), Gravity anomalies and crustal thickness variations along the Mid- Atlantic ridge between 33°N and 40°N, J. Geophys. Res., 100(B3), 3767-3787.
17. Dick, H., C. Lissenberg, and J. Warren (2010), Mantle melting, melt transport, and delivery beneath a slow-spreading ridge: The Paleo-MAR from 23°15′N to 23°45′N, J. Petrol., 51(1-2), 425-467.
18. Escartin, J., and J. A. Lin (1995), Ridge offsets, normal faulting, and gravity-anomalies of slow-spreading ridges, J. Geophys. Res., 100(B4), 6163-6177.
19. Evans, R. L., et al. (1999), Asymmetric electrical structure in the mantle beneath the East Pacific Rise at 17 °S, Science, 286(5440), 752-756.
20. Faul, U. H. (2001), Melt retention and segregation beneath mid-ocean ridges, Nature, 410(6831), 920-923.
21. Forsyth, D. W., et al. (1998a), Imaging the deep seismic structure beneath a mid-ocean ridge: The MELT Experiment, Science, 280(5367), 1215-1218.
22. Forsyth, D. W., S. C. Webb, L. M. Dorman, and Y. Shen (1998b), Phase velocities of Rayleigh waves in the MELT experiment on the East Pacific Rise, Science, 280(5367), 1235-1238.
23. Ghods, A., and J. Arkani-Hamed (2000), Melt migration beneath mid-ocean ridges, Geophys. J. Int., 140(3), 687-697.
24. Gregg, P. M., M. D. Behn, J. Lin, and T. L. Grove (2009), Melt generation, crystallization, and extraction beneath segmented oceanic transform faults, J. Geophys. Res., 114, B11102, doi:10.1029/2008JB006100.
25. Hirth, G., and D. Kohlstedt (1996), Water in the oceanic upper mantle: Implications for rheology, melt extraction and the evolution of the lithosphere, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 144 (1-2) 93-108.
26. Hooft, E. E. E., R. S. Detrick, D. R. Toomey, J. A. Collins, and J. Lin (2000), Crustal thickness and structure along three contrasting spreading segments of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 33.5°-35°N, J. Geophys. Res., 105(B4), 8205-8226.
27. Karato, S., and P. Wu (1993), Rheology of the upper mantle: A synthesis, Science, 260(5109), 771-778.
28. Katz, R. (2008), Magma dynamics with the enthalpy method: Benchmark solutions and magmatic focusing at mid-ocean ridges, J. Petrol., 49(12), 2099-2121.
29. Katz, R. F., M. Spiegelman, and C. H. Langmuir (2003), A new parameterization of hydrous mantle melting, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 4(9), 1073, doi:10.1029/2002GC000433.
30. Katz, R. F., M. Spiegelman, and S. M. Carbotte (2004), Ridge migration, asthenospheric flow and the origin of magmatic segmentation in the global mid-ocean ridge system, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L15605, doi:10.1029/ 2004GL020388. (Pubitemid 39428351)
31. Katz, R., M. Knepley, B. Smith, M. Spiegelman, and E. Coon (2007), Numerical simulation of geodynamic processes with the Portable Extensible Toolkit for Scientific Computation, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 163(1-4), 52-68.
32. Kelemen, P. B., M. Braun, and G. Hirth (2000), Spatial distribution of melt conduits in the mantle beneath oceanic spreading ridges: Observations from the Ingalls and Oman ophiolites, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 1(7), 1005, doi:10.1029/1999GC000012.
33. Kent, G. M., et al. (2000), Evidence from three-dimensional seismic reflectivity images for enhanced melt supply beneath mid-ocean ridge discontinuities, Nature, 406(6796), 614-618.
34. Knepley, M. G., R. F. Katz, and B. F. Smith (2006), Developing a geodynamics simulator with PETSc, in Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations on Parallel Computers, Lect. Notes in Comput. Sci. and Eng., vol.51, edited by A. M. Bruaset and A. Tveito, pp. 413-438, Springer, Berlin.
35. Korenaga, J., and P. B. Kelemen (1997), Origin of gabbro sills in the Moho transition zone of the Oman ophiolite: Implications for magma transport in the oceanic lower crust, J. Geophys. Res., 102(B12), 27,729-27,749.
36. Kuo, B. Y., and D. W. Forsyth (1998), Gravity anomalies of the ridge-transform system in the South Atlantic between 31°S and 34.5°S-Upwelling centres and variations in crustal thickness, Mar. Geophys. Res., 10(3-4), 205-232.
37. Langmuir, C. H., and J. F. Bender (1984), The geochemistry of oceanic basalts in the vicinity of transform faults- Observations and implications, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 69(1), 107-127.
38. Langmuir, C. H., J. F. Bender, and R. Batiza (1986), Petrological and tectonic segmentation of the East Pacific Rise, 5° 30′-14° 30′N, Nature, 322(6078), 422-429.
39. Lin, J., and J. Phipps Morgan (1992), The spreading rate dependence of three-dimensional mid-ocean ridge gravity structure, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19(1), 13-16.
40. Lin, J., G. M. Purdy, H. Schouten, J. C. Sempere, and C. Zervas (1990), Evidence from gravity data for focused magmatic accretion along the Mid-Atlantic ridge, Nature, 344(6267), 627-632.
41. Lizarralde, D., J. B. Gaherty, J. A. Collins, G. Hirth, and S. D. Kim (2004), Spreading-rate dependence of melt extraction at mid-ocean ridges from mantle seismic refraction data, Nature, 432, 744-747.
42. Macdonald, K. C., P. J. Fox, L. J. Perram, M. F. Eisen, R. M. Haymon, S. P. Miller, S. M. Carbotte, M. H. Cormier, and A. N. Shor (1988), A new view of the mid-ocean ridge from the behaviour of ridge-axis discontinuities, Nature, 335(6187), 217-225.
43. Magde, L. S., and D. W. Sparks (1997), Three-dimensional mantle upwelling, melt generation, and melt migration beneath segment slow spreading ridges, J. Geophys. Res., 102(B9), 20,571-20,583.
44. Magde, L., D. Sparks, and R. Detrick (1997), The relationship between buoyant mantle flow, melt migration, and gravity bull's eyes at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between 33°N and 35°N, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 148(1-2), 59-67.
45. Magde, L., A. Barclay, D. Toomey, R. Detrick, and J. Collins (2000), Crustal magma plumbing within a segment of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 35°N, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 175(1-2), 55-67.
46. McNutt, M. K. (1979), Compensation of oceanic topography: An application of the response function technique to the Surveyor area, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 7589-7598.
47. Nedimovic, M. R., S. M. Carbotte, and A. J. Harding (2005), Frozen magma lenses below the oceanic crust, Nature, 436(25), 1149-1152.
48. Nettles, M., and A. M. Dziewo-ski (2008), Radially anisotropic shear velocity structure of the upper mantle globally and beneath North America, J. Geophys. Res., 113, B02303, doi:10.1029/2006JB004819.
49. Niu, Y. (1997), Mantle melting and melt extraction processes beneath ocean ridges: Evidence from abyssal peridotites, J. Petrol., 38(8), 1047-1074.
50. Niu, Y. L., and R. Batiza (1991), An empirical-method for calculating melt compositions produced beneath midocean ridges: Application for axis and off-axis (seamounts) melting, J. Geophys. Res., 96(B13), 21,753-21,777.
51. Panza, G., C. Doglioni, and A. Levshin (2010), Asymmetric ocean basins, Geology, 38(1), 59-62.
52. Planert, L., E. R. Flueh, and T. J. Reston (2009), Along- and across-axis variations in crustal thickness and structure at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 5°S obtained from wide-angle seismic tomography: Implications for ridge segmentation, J. Geophys. Res., 114, B09102, doi:10.1029/2008JB006103.
53. Reynolds, J. R., and C. H. Langmuir (1997), Petrological systematics of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge south of Kane: Implications for ocean crust formation, J. Geophys. Res., 102(B7), 14,915-14,946.
54. Richards, M., S. Morris, F. Busse, and A. Lenardic (2003), Towards a physical understanding of the effects of depthdependent rheology on mantle convection, Eos Trans. AGU, 84(46), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract S11G-06.
55. Schouten, H., H. J. B. Dick, and K. D. Klitgord (1987), Migration of mid-ocean-ridge volcanic segments, Nature, 326(6116), 835-839.
56. Seyler, M., M. J. Toplis, J.-P. Lorand, A. Luget, and M. Cannat (2001), Clinopyroxene microtextures reveal incompletely extracted melts in abyssal peridotites, Geology, 29(2), 155-158.
57. Seyler, M., J. P. Lorand, H. J. B Dick, and M. Drouin (2007), Pervasive melt percolation reactions in ultra-depleted refractory harzburgites at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 15° 20′N: ODP Hole 1274A, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 153(3), 303-319.
58. Singh, S. C., et al. (2006a), Seismic reflection images of the Moho underlying melt sills at the East Pacific Rise, Nature, 442(7100), 287-290.
59. Singh, S. C., W. C. Crawford, H. Carton, T. Seher, V. Combier, M. Cannat, J. P. Canales, D. Düsünür, J. Escartin, and J. M. Miranda (2006b), Discovery of a magma chamber and faults beneath a Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal field, Nature, 442(7106), 1029-1032.
60. Small, C., and L. Danyushevsky (2003), Plate-kinematic explanation for mid-oceanic-ridge depth discontinuities, Geology, 31(5), 399-402.
61. Sparks, D., and E. Parmentier (1991), Melt extraction from the mantle beneath spreading centers, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 105(4), 368-377.
62. Sparks, D. W., E. M. Parmentier, and J. Phipps Morgan (1993), Three-dimensional mantle convection beneath a segmented spreading center: Implications for along-axis variations in crustal thickness and gravity, J. Geophys. Res., 98(B12), 21,977-21,995.
63. Tolstoy, M., A. J. Harding, and J. A. Orcutt (1993), Crustal thickness on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge-Bulls-eye gravityanomalies and focused accretion, Science, 262(5134), 726-729.
64. Toomey, D. (2002), Asymmetric mantle dynamics in the MELT region of the East Pacific Rise, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 200(3-4), 287-295.
65. Toomey, D. R., W. S. D. Wilcock, S. C. Solomon, W. C. Hammond, and J. A. Orcutt (1998), Mantle seismic structure beneath the MELT region of the East Pacific Rise from P and S wave tomography, Science, 280(5367), 1224-1227.
66. Wang, X., J. R. Cochran, and G. A. Barth (1996), Gravity anomalies, crustal thickness, and the pattern of mantle flow at the fast spreading East Pacific Rise, 9°-10°N: Evidence for three-dimensional upwelling, J. Geophys. Res., 101(B8), 17,927-17,940.
67. Warren, J., and N. Shimizu (2010), Cryptic variations in abyssal peridotite compositions: Evidence for shallow-level melt infiltration in the oceanic lithosphere, J. Petrol., 51(1-2), 1-29.
68. Watts, A. B. (2001), Isostasy and Flexure of the Lithosphere, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U. K.
69. Watts, A. B. (2007), An overview, in Treatise on Geophysics, vol.6, Crustal and Lithosphere Dynamics, edited by G. Schubert, pp. 1-48, Elsevier, Amsterdam.