High rates of homologous recombination in the mite endosymbiont and opportunistic human pathogen orientia tsutsugamushi

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases

Volumn 4, Issue 7, 2010, Pages

  Sonthayanon, Piengchan ^a   Peacock, Sharon J ^a,b   Chierakul, Wirongrong ^a   Wuthiekanun, Vanaporn ^a   Blacksell, Stuart D ^a   Holden, Mathew T G ^c   Bentley, Stephen D ^c   Feil, Edward J ^d   Day, Nicholas P J ^a,e  

^a MAHIDOL UNIVERSITY   (Thailand)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^c WELLCOME TRUST SANGER INSTITUTE   (United Kingdom)

^d University of Bath   (United Kingdom)

^e UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BACTERIAL DNA; GENE PRODUCT; OUTER MEMBRANE PROTEIN A; PROTEIN GPSA; PROTEIN MDH; PROTEIN NRDB; PROTEIN NUOF; PROTEIN PPDK; PROTEIN SUCB; PROTEIN SUCD; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ARTICLE; AUSTRALIA; BACTERIAL STRAIN; BACTERIUM CULTURE; BACTERIUM ISOLATE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DNA EXTRACTION; ENDOSYMBIONT; GENE AMPLIFICATION; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GENOME; GENOTYPE; HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION; HOUSEKEEPING GENE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; MITE; MULTILOCUS SEQUENCE TYPING; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; ORIENTIA TSUTSUGAMUSHI; PHYLOGENY; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; SCRUB TYPHUS; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; THAILAND; WOLBACHIA; ANIMAL; BACTERIUM IDENTIFICATION; CHEMISTRY; DNA FINGERPRINTING; DNA SEQUENCE; GENETIC POLYMORPHISM; GENETIC RECOMBINATION; GENETICS; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; METHODOLOGY; MICROBIOLOGY;

ANIMALS; BACTERIAL TYPING TECHNIQUES; DNA FINGERPRINTING; DNA, BACTERIAL; HUMANS; MITES; ORIENTIA TSUTSUGAMUSHI; POLYMORPHISM, GENETIC; RECOMBINATION, GENETIC; SCRUB TYPHUS; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS, DNA;

EID: 77957905069     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000752     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Rosenberg R (1997) Drug-resistant scrub typhus: Paradigm and paradox. Parasitol Today 13: 131-132.
2. Kawamura AJ (1995) Tsutsugamushi Disease-An Overview. In: Kawamura AJ, Tanaka H, Tamura A, eds. Tsutsugamushi Disease. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press. 362 p.
3. Cho NH, Kim HR, Lee JH, Kim SY, Kim J, et al. (2007) The Orientia tsutsugamushi genome reveals massive proliferation of conjugative type IV secretion system and host-cell interaction genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104: 7981-7986.
4. Baldo L, Bordenstein S, Wernegreen JJ, Werren JH (2006) Widespread recombination throughout Wolbachia genomes. Mol Biol Evol 23: 437-449.
5. Ros VI, Fleming VM, Feil EJ, Breeuwer JA (2009) How diverse is the genus Wolbachia? Multiple-gene sequencing reveals a putatively new Wolbachia supergroup recovered from spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae). Appl Environ Microbiol 75: 1036-1043.
6. Wu M, Sun LV, Vamathevan J, Riegler M, Deboy R, et al. (2004) Phylogenomics of the reproductive parasite Wolbachia pipientis wMel: a streamlined genome overrun by mobile genetic elements. PLoS Biol 2: E69.
7. Maiden MC, Bygraves JA, Feil E, Morelli G, Russell JE, et al. (1998) Multilocus sequence typing: a portable approach to the identification of clones within populations of pathogenic microorganisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95: 3140-3145.
8. Feil EJ, Enright MC (2004) Analyses of clonality and the evolution of bacterial pathogens. Curr Opin Microbiol 7: 308-313.
9. Sonthayanon P, Chierakul W, Wuthiekanun V, Blacksell SD, Pimda K, et al. (2006) Rapid diagnosis of scrub typhus in rural Thailand using polymerase chain reaction. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75: 1099-1102.
10. Sonthayanon P, Chierakul W, Wuthiekanun V, Phimda K, Pukrittayakamee S, et al. (2009) Association of high Orientia tsutsugamushi DNA loads with disease of greater severity in adults with scrub typhus. J Clin Microbiol 47: 430-434.
11. Altschul SF, Gish W, Miller W, Myers EW, Lipman DJ (1990) Basic local alignment search tool. J Mol Biol 215: 403-410.
12. Rutherford K, Parkhill J, Crook J, Horsnell T, Rice P, et al. (2000) Artemis: sequence visualization and annotation. Bioinformatics 16: 944-945.
13. Grundmann H, Hori S, Tanner G (2001) Determining Confidence Intervals When Measuring Genetic Diversity and the Discriminatory Abilities of Typing Methods for Microorganisms. J Clin Microbiol 39: 4190-4192.
14. Simpson EH (1949) Measurement of Diversity. Nature 163: 688.
15. Feil EJ, Maiden MC, Achtman M, Spratt BG (1999) The relative contributions of recombination and mutation to the divergence of clones of Neisseria meningitidis. Mol Biol Evol 16: 1496-1502.
16. Martin DP, Williamson C, Posada D (2005) RDP2: recombination detection and analysis from sequence alignments. Bioinformatics 21: 260-262.
17. Blacksell SD, Luksameetanasan R, Kalambaheti T, Aukkanit N, Paris DH, et al. (2008) Genetic typing of the 56-kDa type-specific antigen gene of contemporary Orientia tsutsugamushi isolates causing human scrub typhus at two sites in northeastern and western Thailand. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 52: 335-342.
18. Luksameetanasan R, Blacksell SD, Kalambaheti T, Wuthiekanun V, Chierakul W, et al. (2007) Patient and sample-related factors that effect the success of in vitro isolation of Orientia tsutsugamushi. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 38: 91-96.
19. Francisco AP, Bugalho M, Ramirez M, Carrico JA (2009) Global optimal eBURST analysis of multilocus typing data using a graphic matroid approach. BMC Bioinformatics 10: 152.
20. Feil EJ, Smith JM, Enright MC, Spratt BG (2000) Estimating recombinational parameters in Streptococcus pneumoniae from multilocus sequence typing data. Genetics 154: 1439-1450.
21. Guttman DS, Dykhuizen DE (1994) Clonal divergence in Escherichia coli as a result of recombination, not mutation. Science 266: 1380-1383.
22. Spratt BG, Hanage WP, Feil EJ (2001) The relative contributions of recombination and point mutation to the diversification of bacterial clones. Curr Opin Microbiol 4: 602-606.
23. Nakayama K, Yamashita A, Kurokawa K, Morimoto T, Ogawa M, et al. (2008) The Whole-genome Sequencing of the Obligate Intracellular Bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi Revealed Massive Gene Amplification During Reductive Genome Evolution. DNA Res.
24. Fuxelius HH, Darby A, Min CK, Cho NH, Andersson SG (2007) The genomic and metabolic diversity of Rickettsia. Res Microbiol 158: 745-753.
25. Shirai A, Huxsoll DL, Dohany AL, Montrey RD, Werner RM, et al. (1982) Characterization of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi strains in two species of naturally infected, laboratory-reared chiggers. Am J Trop Med Hyg 31: 395-402.