메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 5, Issue 8, 2010, Pages

Disruption of the lipid-transporting ldmt-ldros3 complex in Leishmania donovani affects membrane lipid asymmetry but not host cell invasion

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

LDROS3 PROTEIN; MEMBRANE LIPID; MEMBRANE PROTEIN; MILTEFOSINE TRANSPORTER; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; PHOSPHATIDYLETHANOLAMINE; PHOSPHATIDYLSERINE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE; CARRIER PROTEIN; MILTEFOSINE TRANSPORTER, LEISHMANIA DONOVANI; PHOSPHOLIPID; PROTOZOAL PROTEIN;

EID: 77957865000     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012443     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (28)

References (39)
  • 1
    • 0025876649 scopus 로고
    • Static and dynamic lipid asymmetry in cell membranes
    • Devaux PF (1991) Static and dynamic lipid asymmetry in cell membranes. Biochemistry 30: 1163-1173.
    • (1991) Biochemistry , vol.30 , pp. 1163-1173
    • Devaux, P.F.1
  • 2
    • 70349898677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ins and outs of phospholipid asymmetry in the plasma membrane: Roles in health and disease
    • Available, via the Internet. Accessed 7 Aug 2010
    • Fadeel B, Xue D (2009) The ins and outs of phospholipid asymmetry in the plasma membrane: roles in health and disease. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 44: 264-277. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10409230903193307 via the Internet. Accessed 7 Aug 2010.
    • (2009) Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol , vol.44 , pp. 264-277
    • Fadeel, B.1    Xue, D.2
  • 3
    • 0035960718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptotic mimicry by an obligate intracellular parasite downregulates macrophage microbicidal activity
    • de Freitas Balanco JM, Moreira ME, Bonomo A, Bozza PT, Amarante-Mendes G, et al. (2001) Apoptotic mimicry by an obligate intracellular parasite downregulates macrophage microbicidal activity. Curr Biol 11: 1870-1873.
    • (2001) Curr Biol , vol.11 , pp. 1870-1873
    • de Freitas Balanco, J.M.1    Moreira, M.E.2    Bonomo, A.3    Bozza, P.T.4    Amarante-Mendes, G.5
  • 4
    • 66749129072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cooperation between apoptotic and viable metacyclics enhances the pathogenesis of Leishmaniasis
    • Available, via the Internet Accessed 7 Aug 2010
    • Wanderley JLM, da Silva LHP, Deolindo P, Soong L, Borges VM, et al. (2009) Cooperation between apoptotic and viable metacyclics enhances the pathogenesis of Leishmaniasis. PLoS One 4: e5733. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10. 1371/journal.pone.0005733 via the Internet Accessed 7 Aug 2010.
    • (2009) PLoS One , vol.4
    • Wanderley, J.L.M.1    da Silva, L.H.P.2    Deolindo, P.3    Soong, L.4    Borges, V.M.5
  • 5
    • 31144454859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mimicry of apoptotic cells by exposing phosphatidylserine participates in the establishment of amastigotes of Leishmania (L) amazonensis in mammalian hosts
    • Wanderley JLM, Moreira MEC, Benjamin A, Bonomo AC, Barcinski MA (2006) Mimicry of apoptotic cells by exposing phosphatidylserine participates in the establishment of amastigotes of Leishmania (L) amazonensis in mammalian hosts. J Immunol 176: 1834-1839.
    • (2006) J Immunol , vol.176 , pp. 1834-1839
    • Wanderley, J.L.M.1    Moreira, M.E.C.2    Benjamin, A.3    Bonomo, A.C.4    Barcinski, M.A.5
  • 7
    • 1642378564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tracking down lipid flippases and their biological functions
    • Available, via the Internet Accessed 7 Aug 2010
    • Pomorski T, Holthuis JCM, Herrmann A, van Meer G (2004) Tracking down lipid flippases and their biological functions. J Cell Sci 117: 805-813. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.01055 via the Internet Accessed 7 Aug 2010.
    • (2004) J Cell Sci , vol.117 , pp. 805-813
    • Pomorski, T.1    Holthuis, J.C.M.2    Herrmann, A.3    van Meer, G.4
  • 8
    • 0029992825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A subfamily of P-type ATPases with aminophospholipid transporting activity
    • Tang X, Halleck MS, Schlegel RA, Williamson P (1996) A subfamily of P-type ATPases with aminophospholipid transporting activity. Science 272: 1495-1497.
    • (1996) Science , vol.272 , pp. 1495-1497
    • Tang, X.1    Halleck, M.S.2    Schlegel, R.A.3    Williamson, P.4
  • 9
    • 34249787648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel ATP-binding cassette transporter from Leishmania is involved in transport of phosphatidylcholine analogues and resistance to alkyl-phospholipids
    • Castanys-Muñoz E, Alder-Baerens N, Pomorski T, Gamarro F, Castanys S (2007) A novel ATP-binding cassette transporter from Leishmania is involved in transport of phosphatidylcholine analogues and resistance to alkyl-phospholipids. Mol Microbiol 64: 1141-1153.
    • (2007) Mol Microbiol , vol.64 , pp. 1141-1153
    • Castanys-Muñoz, E.1    Alder-Baerens, N.2    Pomorski, T.3    Gamarro, F.4    Castanys, S.5
  • 10
    • 54049089634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of an ABCG-like transporter from the protozoan parasite Leishmania with a role in drug resistance and transbilayer lipid movement
    • Available, via the Internet. Accessed 7 Aug 2010
    • Castanys-Muñoz E, Pérez-Victoria JM, Gamarro F, Castanys S (2008) Characterization of an ABCG-like transporter from the protozoan parasite Leishmania with a role in drug resistance and transbilayer lipid movement. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 52: 3573-3579. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10. 1128/AAC.00587-08 via the Internet. Accessed 7 Aug 2010.
    • (2008) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.52 , pp. 3573-3579
    • Castanys-Muñoz, E.1    Pérez-Victoria, J.M.2    Gamarro, F.3    Castanys, S.4
  • 11
    • 0346118937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional cloning of the miltefosine transporter. A novel P-type phospholipid translocase from Leishmania involved in drug resistance
    • Available, via the Internet. Accessed 7 Aug 2010
    • Pérez-Victoria FJ, Gamarro F, Ouellette M, Castanys S (2003) Functional cloning of the miltefosine transporter. A novel P-type phospholipid translocase from Leishmania involved in drug resistance. J Biol Chem 278: 49965-49971. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M308352200 via the Internet. Accessed 7 Aug 2010.
    • (2003) J Biol Chem , vol.278 , pp. 49965-49971
    • Pérez-Victoria, F.J.1    Gamarro, F.2    Ouellette, M.3    Castanys, S.4
  • 12
    • 33747639280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phospholipid translocation and miltefosine potency require both L. donovani miltefosine transporter and the new protein LdRos3 in Leishmania parasites
    • Available, M605214200 via the Internet. Accessed 7 Aug 2010
    • Pérez-Victoria FJ, Sánchez-Cañete MP, Castanys S, Gamarro F (2006) Phospholipid translocation and miltefosine potency require both L. donovani miltefosine transporter and the new protein LdRos3 in Leishmania parasites. J Biol Chem 281: 23766-23775. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc. M605214200 via the Internet. Accessed 7 Aug 2010.
    • (2006) J Biol Chem , vol.281 , pp. 23766-23775
    • Pérez-Victoria, F.J.1    Sánchez-Cañete, M.P.2    Castanys, S.3    Gamarro, F.4
  • 13
    • 33745253122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of experimental resistance of Leishmania to miltefosine: Implications for clinical use
    • Available, via the Internet. Accessed 7 Aug 2010
    • Pérez-Victoria FJ, Sánchez-Cañ ete MP, Seifert K, Croft SL, Sundar S, et al. (2006) Mechanisms of experimental resistance of Leishmania to miltefosine: Implications for clinical use. Drug Resist Updat 9: 26-39. Available: http://dx. doi.org/10.1016/j.drup.2006.04.001 via the Internet. Accessed 7 Aug 2010.
    • (2006) Drug Resist Updat , vol.9 , pp. 26-39
    • Pérez-Victoria, F.J.1    Sánchez-Cañ ete, M.P.2    Seifert, K.3    Croft, S.L.4    Sundar, S.5
  • 14
    • 65649096220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low plasma membrane expression of the miltefosine transport complex renders Leishmania braziliensis refractory to the drug
    • Available, via the Internet. Accessed 7 Aug 2010
    • Sánchez-Cañ ete MP, Carvalho L, Pérez-Victoria FJ, Gamarro F, Castanys S (2009) Low plasma membrane expression of the miltefosine transport complex renders Leishmania braziliensis refractory to the drug. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 53: 1305-1313. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01694-08 via the Internet. Accessed 7 Aug 2010.
    • (2009) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.53 , pp. 1305-1313
    • Sánchez-Cañ ete, M.P.1    Carvalho, L.2    Pérez-Victoria, F.J.3    Gamarro, F.4    Castanys, S.5
  • 15
    • 33846177595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endocytic recycling in yeast is regulated by putative phospholipid translocases and the Ypt31p/32p-Rcy1p pathway
    • Available, via the Internet. Accessed 7 Aug 2010
    • Furuta N, Fujimura-Kamada K, Mol Biol CellSaito K, Yamamoto T, Tanaka K (2007) Endocytic recycling in yeast is regulated by putative phospholipid translocases and the Ypt31p/32p-Rcy1p pathway. Mol Biol Cell 18: 295-312. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.E06-05-0461 via the Internet. Accessed 7 Aug 2010.
    • (2007) Mol Biol Cell , vol.18 , pp. 295-312
    • Furuta, N.1    Fujimura-Kamada, K.2    Mol Biol CellSaito, K.3    Yamamoto, T.4    Tanaka, K.5
  • 16
    • 3042728119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cdc50p, a protein required for polarized growth, associates with the Drs2p Ptype ATPase implicated in phospholipid translocation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • Available, via the Internet. Accessed 7 Aug 2010
    • Saito K, Fujimura-Kamada K, Furuta N, Kato U, Umeda M, et al. (2004) Cdc50p, a protein required for polarized growth, associates with the Drs2p Ptype ATPase implicated in phospholipid translocation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Biol Cell 15: 3418-3432. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.E03-11-0829 via the Internet. Accessed 7 Aug 2010.
    • (2004) Mol Biol Cell , vol.15 , pp. 3418-3432
    • Saito, K.1    Fujimura-Kamada, K.2    Furuta, N.3    Kato, U.4    Umeda, M.5
  • 17
    • 0041767590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gamarro F Leishmania donovani resistance to miltefosine involves a defective inward translocation of the drug
    • Pérez-Victoria FJ, Castanys S (2003) Gamarro F Leishmania donovani resistance to miltefosine involves a defective inward translocation of the drug. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 47: 2397-2403.
    • (2003) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.47 , pp. 2397-2403
    • Pérez-Victoria, F.J.1    Castanys, S.2
  • 18
    • 33746753342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring the mode-of-action of bioactive compounds by chemical-genetic profiling in yeast
    • Available, 040 via the Internet. Accessed 7 Aug 2010
    • Parsons AB, Lopez A, Givoni IE, Williams DE, Gray CA, et al. (2006) Exploring the mode-of-action of bioactive compounds by chemical-genetic profiling in yeast. Cell 126: 611-625. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2006.06. 040 via the Internet. Accessed 7 Aug 2010.
    • (2006) Cell , vol.126 , pp. 611-625
    • Parsons, A.B.1    Lopez, A.2    Givoni, I.E.3    Williams, D.E.4    Gray, C.A.5
  • 20
    • 0029850318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Redistribution of phosphatidylethanolamine at the cleavage furrow of dividing cells during cytokinesis
    • Emoto K, Kobayashi T, Yamaji A, Aizawa H, Yahara I, et al. (1996) Redistribution of phosphatidylethanolamine at the cleavage furrow of dividing cells during cytokinesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93: 12867-12872.
    • (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.93 , pp. 12867-12872
    • Emoto, K.1    Kobayashi, T.2    Yamaji, A.3    Aizawa, H.4    Yahara, I.5
  • 21
    • 5644241027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local exposure of phosphatidylethanolamine on the yeast plasma membrane is implicated in cell polarity
    • Iwamoto K, Kobayashi S, Fukuda R, Umeda M, Kobayashi T, et al. (2004) Local exposure of phosphatidylethanolamine on the yeast plasma membrane is implicated in cell polarity. Genes Cells 9: 891-903.
    • (2004) Genes Cells , vol.9 , pp. 891-903
    • Iwamoto, K.1    Kobayashi, S.2    Fukuda, R.3    Umeda, M.4    Kobayashi, T.5
  • 22
    • 0036083696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Annexins: From structure to function
    • Gerke V, Moss SE (2002) Annexins: from structure to function. Physiol Rev 82: 331-371.
    • (2002) Physiol Rev , vol.82 , pp. 331-371
    • Gerke, V.1    Moss, S.E.2
  • 23
    • 0026665465 scopus 로고
    • Signal transduction pathways leading to the production of IL-8 by human monocytes are differentially regulated by dexamethasone
    • Anttila HS, Reitamo S, Ceska M, Hurme M (1992) Signal transduction pathways leading to the production of IL-8 by human monocytes are differentially regulated by dexamethasone. Clin Exp Immunol 89: 509-512.
    • (1992) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.89 , pp. 509-512
    • Anttila, H.S.1    Reitamo, S.2    Ceska, M.3    Hurme, M.4
  • 24
    • 0037384069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infection of human mononuclear phagocytes and macrophage-like THP1 cells with Leishmania donovani results in modulation of expression of a subset of chemokines and a chemokine receptor
    • Dasgupta B, Roychoudhury K, Ganguly S, Akbar MA, Das P, et al. (2003) Infection of human mononuclear phagocytes and macrophage-like THP1 cells with Leishmania donovani results in modulation of expression of a subset of chemokines and a chemokine receptor. Scand J Immunol 57: 366-374.
    • (2003) Scand J Immunol , vol.57 , pp. 366-374
    • Dasgupta, B.1    Roychoudhury, K.2    Ganguly, S.3    Akbar, M.A.4    Das, P.5
  • 25
    • 38649113883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ATP8B1 requires an accessory protein for endoplasmic reticulum exit and plasma membrane lipid flippase activity
    • Paulusma CC, Folmer DE, Ho-Mok KS, de Waart DR, Hilarius PM, et al. (2008) ATP8B1 requires an accessory protein for endoplasmic reticulum exit and plasma membrane lipid flippase activity. Hepatology 47: 268-278.
    • (2008) Hepatology , vol.47 , pp. 268-278
    • Paulusma, C.C.1    Folmer, D.E.2    Ho-Mok, K.S.3    de Waart, D.R.4    Hilarius, P.M.5
  • 26
    • 48249091728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Arabidopsis P4-ATPase ALA3 localizes to the golgi and requires a betasubunit to function in lipid translocation and secretory vesicle formation
    • Available, via the Internet. Accessed 7 Aug 2010
    • Poulsen LR, López-Marqués RL, McDowell SC, Okkeri J, Licht D, et al. (2008) The Arabidopsis P4-ATPase ALA3 localizes to the golgi and requires a betasubunit to function in lipid translocation and secretory vesicle formation. Plant Cell 20: 658-676. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.107.054767 via the Internet. Accessed 7 Aug 2010.
    • (2008) Plant Cell , vol.20 , pp. 658-676
    • Poulsen, L.R.1    López-Marqués, R.L.2    McDowell, S.C.3    Okkeri, J.4    Licht, D.5
  • 27
    • 0038730501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The overexpression of a new ABC transporter in Leishmania is related to phospholipid trafficking and reduced infectivity
    • Parodi-Talice A, Araújo JM, Torres C, Pérez-Victoria JM, Gamarro F, et al. (2003) The overexpression of a new ABC transporter in Leishmania is related to phospholipid trafficking and reduced infectivity. Biochim Biophys Acta 1612: 195-207.
    • (2003) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1612 , pp. 195-207
    • Parodi-Talice, A.1    Araújo, J.M.2    Torres, C.3    Pérez-Victoria, J.M.4    Gamarro, F.5
  • 28
    • 70450242726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Localization, purification and functional reconstitution of the P4-ATPASE, ATP8A2, a phosphatidylserine flippase in photoreceptor disc membranes
    • Available from, via the Internet. Accessed 7 Aug 2010
    • Coleman JA, Kwok MCM, Molday RS (2009) Localization, purification and functional reconstitution of the P4-ATPASE, ATP8A2, a phosphatidylserine flippase in photoreceptor disc membranes. J Biol Chem Available from: http:// dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M109.047415 via the Internet. Accessed 7 Aug 2010.
    • (2009) J Biol Chem
    • Coleman, J.A.1    Kwok, M.C.M.2    Molday, R.S.3
  • 29
    • 70349731740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconstitution of phospholipid translocase activity with purified Drs2p, a type-IV P-type ATPase from budding yeast
    • Zhou X, Graham TR (2009) Reconstitution of phospholipid translocase activity with purified Drs2p, a type-IV P-type ATPase from budding yeast. PNAS 106: 16586-16591.
    • (2009) PNAS , vol.106 , pp. 16586-16591
    • Zhou, X.1    Graham, T.R.2
  • 31
    • 33847209549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Redirection of sphingolipid metabolism toward de novo synthesis of ethanolamine in Leishmania
    • Available, via the Internet. Accessed 7 Aug 2010
    • Zhang K, Pompey JM, Hsu FF, Key P, Bandhuvula P, et al. (2007) Redirection of sphingolipid metabolism toward de novo synthesis of ethanolamine in Leishmania. EMBO J 26: pp 1094-1104. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10. 1038/sj.emboj.7601565 via the Internet. Accessed 7 Aug 2010.
    • (2007) EMBO J , vol.26 , pp. 1094-1104
    • Zhang, K.1    Pompey, J.M.2    Hsu, F.F.3    Key, P.4    Bandhuvula, P.5
  • 32
    • 0242497700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ether phospholipids and glycosylinositolphospholipids are not required for amastigote virulence or for inhibition of macrophage activation by Leishmania major
    • Available, via the Internet. Accessed 7 Aug 2010
    • Zufferey R, Allen S, Barron T, Sullivan DR, Denny PW, et al. (2003) Ether phospholipids and glycosylinositolphospholipids are not required for amastigote virulence or for inhibition of macrophage activation by Leishmania major. J Biol Chem 278: 44708-44718. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M308063200 via the Internet. Accessed 7 Aug 2010.
    • (2003) J Biol Chem , vol.278 , pp. 44708-44718
    • Zufferey, R.1    Allen, S.2    Barron, T.3    Sullivan, D.R.4    Denny, P.W.5
  • 33
    • 33846259286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the Leishmania donovani transcriptome reveals an ordered progression of transient and permanent changes in gene expression during differentiation
    • Available, 2006.11.011 via the Internet. Accessed 7 Aug 2010
    • Saxena A, Lahav T, Holland N, Aggarwal G, Anupama A, et al. (2007) Analysis of the Leishmania donovani transcriptome reveals an ordered progression of transient and permanent changes in gene expression during differentiation. Mol Biochem Parasitol 152: 53-65. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molbiopara. 2006.11.011 via the Internet. Accessed 7 Aug 2010.
    • (2007) Mol Biochem Parasitol , vol.152 , pp. 53-65
    • Saxena, A.1    Lahav, T.2    Holland, N.3    Aggarwal, G.4    Anupama, A.5
  • 34
    • 38049129044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Leishmania-macrophage interaction: A metabolic perspective
    • Naderer T, McConville MJ (2008) The Leishmania-macrophage interaction: a metabolic perspective. Cell Microbiol 10: 301-308.
    • (2008) Cell Microbiol , vol.10 , pp. 301-308
    • Naderer, T.1    McConville, M.J.2
  • 35
    • 4444326819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface determinants of Leishmania parasites and their role in infectivity in the mammalian host
    • Naderer T, Vince JE, McConville MJ (2004) Surface determinants of Leishmania parasites and their role in infectivity in the mammalian host. Curr Mol Med 4: 649-665.
    • (2004) Curr Mol Med , vol.4 , pp. 649-665
    • Naderer, T.1    Vince, J.E.2    McConville, M.J.3
  • 36
    • 66349091880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of phosphatidylserine to membrane surface charge and protein targeting during phagosome maturation
    • Available from
    • Yeung T, Heit B, Dubuisson JF, Fairn GD, Chiu B, et al. (2009) Contribution of phosphatidylserine to membrane surface charge and protein targeting during phagosome maturation. J Cell Biol 185: 917-928. Available from: http://dx.doi. org/10.1083/jcb.200903020.
    • (2009) J Cell Biol , vol.185 , pp. 917-928
    • Yeung, T.1    Heit, B.2    Dubuisson, J.F.3    Fairn, G.D.4    Chiu, B.5
  • 37
    • 34547337720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inactivation of the miltefosine transporter, LdMT, causes miltefosine resistance that is conferred to the amastigote stage of Leishmania donovani and persists in vivo
    • Available, via the Internet. Accessed 7 Aug 2010
    • Seifert K, Pérez-Victoria FJ, Stettler M, Sánchez-Cañete MP, Castanys S, et al. (2007) Inactivation of the miltefosine transporter, LdMT, causes miltefosine resistance that is conferred to the amastigote stage of Leishmania donovani and persists in vivo. Int J Antimicrob Agents 30: 229-235. Available: http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2007.05.007 via the Internet. Accessed 7 Aug 2010.
    • (2007) Int J Antimicrob Agents , vol.30 , pp. 229-235
    • Seifert, K.1    Pérez-Victoria, F.J.2    Stettler, M.3    Sánchez-Cañete, M.P.4    Castanys, S.5
  • 38
    • 57849150343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical variability in distal spinal muscular atrophy type 1 (DSMA1): Determination of steady-state IGHMBP2 protein levels in five patients with infantile and juvenile disease
    • Available, via the Internet. Accessed 7 Aug 2010
    • Guenther UP, Handoko L, Varon R, Stephani U, Tsao CY, et al. (2009) Clinical variability in distal spinal muscular atrophy type 1 (DSMA1): determination of steady-state IGHMBP2 protein levels in five patients with infantile and juvenile disease. J Mol Med 87: 31-41. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00109- 008-0402-7 via the Internet. Accessed 7 Aug 2010.
    • (2009) J Mol Med , vol.87 , pp. 31-41
    • Guenther, U.P.1    Handoko, L.2    Varon, R.3    Stephani, U.4    Tsao, C.Y.5
  • 39
    • 33845261493 scopus 로고
    • A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification
    • Bligh EG, Dyer WJ (1959) A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can J Biochem Physiol 37: 911-917.
    • (1959) Can J Biochem Physiol , vol.37 , pp. 911-917
    • Bligh, E.G.1    Dyer, W.J.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.