Long-wavelength stagnant lid convection with hemispheric variation in lithospheric thickness: Link between Martian crustal dichotomy and Tharsis?

Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets

Volumn 115, Issue 9, 2010, Pages

  Šrámek, Ondřej ^a   Zhong, Shijie ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COMPUTER SIMULATION; CONVECTION; CRUSTAL THICKNESS; LANDFORM EVOLUTION; LITHOSPHERE; MARS; NUMERICAL MODEL; PLANETARY LANDFORM; SPHERICAL HARMONICS; THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING; UPPER MANTLE; WAVELENGTH;

EID: 77957584072     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2010JE003597     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. Anderson, R. C, J. M. Dohm, M. P. Golombek, A. F. C. Haldemann, B. J. Franklin, K. L. Tanaka, J. Lias, and B. Peer (2001), Primary centers and secondary concentrations of tectonic activity through time in the western hemisphere of Mars, J. Geophys. Res., 106(E9), 20,563-20,585, doi:10.1029/2000JE001278.
2. Andrews-Hanna, J. C, M. T. Zuber, and W. B. Banerdt (2008), The Borealis basin and the origin of the martian crustal dichotomy, Nature, 453(7199), 1212-1215, doi:10.1038/nature07011. (Pubitemid 351913599)
3. Banerdt, W. B., M. P. Golombek, and K. L. Tanaka (1992), Stress and tectonics on Mars, in Mars, edited by H. H. Kieffer et al., chap. 8, pp. 249-297, Univ. of Ariz. Press, Tucson.
4. Breuer, D., and T. Spohn (2006), Viscosity of the Martian mantle and its initial temperature: Constraints from crust formation history and the evolution of the magnetic field, Planet. Space Sci., 54(2), 153-169, doi:10.1016/j.pss. 2005.08.008. (Pubitemid 43152261)
5. Breuer, D., H. Zhou, D. A. Yuen, and T. Spohn (1996), Phase transitions in the Martian mantle: Implications for the planet's volcanic history, J. Geophys. Res., 101(E3), 7531-7542, doi:10.1029/96JE00117. (Pubitemid 26476353)
6. Bunge, H.-P., M. A. Richards, and J. R. Baumgardner (1996), Effect of depth-dependent viscosity on the planform of mantle convection, Nature, 379(6564), 436-438, doi:10.1038/379436a0. (Pubitemid 26462277)
7. Chapman, C. J., S. Childress, and M. R. E. Proctor (1980), Long wavelength thermal convection between non-conducting boundaries, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett, 51(2), 362-369, doi:10.1016/0012-821X(80)90217-4.
8. Christensen, U., and D. Yuen (1985), Layered convection induced by phase transitions, J. Geophys. Res., 90(B12), 10,291-10,300, doi:10.1029/ JB090iB12p10291.
9. Coltice, N., B. R. Phillips, H. Bertrand, Y. Ricard, and P. Rey (2007), Global warming of the mantle at the origin of flood basalts over super-continents, Geology, 35(5), 391-394, doi:10.1130/G23240A.1. (Pubitemid 46746395)
10. Elkins-Tanton, L. T., E. M. Parmentier, and P. C. Hess (2003), Magma ocean fractional crystallization and cumulate overturn in terrestrial planets: Implications for Mars, Meteoritics Planet. Sci., 38(12), 1753-1771, doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.2003.tb00013.x.
11. Elkins-Tanton, L. T., P. C. Hess, and E. M. Parmentier (2005), Possible formation of ancient crust in Mars through magma ocean processes, J. Geophys. Res., 110, E12S01, doi:10.1029/2005JE002480. (Pubitemid 43180495)
12. Frey, H. (1979), Thaumasia: A fossilized early forming Tharsis uplift, J. Geophys. Res., 84(B3), 1009-1023, doi:10.1029/JB084iB03p01009.
13. Frey, H. V. (2006a), Impact constraints on the age and origin of the lowlands of Mars, Geophys. Res. Lett, 33, L08S02, doi:10.1029/2005GL024484. (Pubitemid 43950172)
14. Frey, H. V. (2006b), Impact constraints on, and a chronology for, major events in early Mars history, J. Geophys. Res., 111, E08S91, doi:10.1029/2005JE002449. (Pubitemid 46164942)
15. Frey, H., and R. A. Schultz (1988), Large impact basins and the mega-impact origin for the crustal dichotomy on Mars, Geophys. Res. Lett., 15(3), 229-232, doi:10.1029/GL015i003p00229.
16. Frey, H., S. E. Sakimoto, and J. Roark (1998), The MOLA topographic signature at the crustal dichotomy boundary zone on Mars, Geophys. Res. Lett, 25(24), 4409-4412, doi:10.1029/1998GL900095.
17. Gurnis, M. (1988), Large-scale mantle convection and the aggregation and dispersal of supercontinents, Nature, 332(6166), 695-699, doi:10.1038/332695a0.
18. Hager, B. H., and R. J. O'Connell (1981), A simple global model of plate dynamics and mantle convection, J. Geophys. Res., 86(B6), 4843-4867, doi:10.1029/JB086iB06p04843.
19. Harder, H., and U. R. Christensen (1996), A one-plume model of martian mantle convection, Nature, 380(6574), 507-509, doi:10.1038/380507a0. (Pubitemid 26476351)
20. Hartmann, W. K. (1973), Martian surface and crust: Review and synthesis, Icarus, 19(4), 550-575, doi:10.1016/0019-1035(73)90083-3.
21. Hauck, S. A., II, and R. J. Phillips (2002), Thermal and crustal evolution of Mars, J. Geophys. Res., 107(E7), 5052, doi:10.1029/2001JE001801.
22. Head, J. W., III, M. A. Kreslavsky, and S. Pratt (2002), Northern lowlands of Mars: Evidence for widespread volcanic flooding and tectonic deformation in the Hesperian Period, J. Geophys. Res., 107(E1), 5003, doi:10.1029/2000JE001445.
23. Hewitt, J. M., D. P. McKenzie, and N. O. Weiss (1980), Large aspect ratio cells in two-dimensional thermal convection, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett, 51(2), 370-380, doi:10.1016/0012-821X(80)90218-6.
24. Hirth, G., and D. L. Kohlstedt (1996), Water in the oceanic upper mantle: implications for rheology, melt extraction and the evolution of the litho-sphere, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 144(1-2), 93-108, doi:10.1016/0012- 821X(96)00154-9.
25. Jaupart, C, and B. Parsons (1985), Convective instabilities in a variable viscosity fluid cooled from above, Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 39(1), 14-32, doi:10.1016/0031-9201(85)90112-8.
26. Johnson, C. L., and R. J. Phillips (2005), Evolution of the Tharsis region of Mars: Insights from magnetic field observations, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett, 230(3-4), 241-254, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2004.10.038.
27. Ke, Y., and V. S. Solomatov (2006), Early transient superplumes and the origin of the Martian crustal dichotomy, J. Geophys. Res., 111, E10001, doi:10.1029/2005JE002631. (Pubitemid 44941042)
28. Keller, T., and P. J. Tackley (2009), Towards self-consistent modeling of the Martian dichotomy: The influence of one-ridge convection on crustal thickness distribution, Icarus, 202(2), 429-443, doi:10.1016/j.icarus. 2009.03.029.
29. King, S. D. (2010), More speculations on the origin of the Tharsis Rise, Lunar Planet. Sci., XVI, Abstract 2007.
30. King, S. D., and D. L. Anderson (1998), Edge-driven convection, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 160(3-4), 289-296, doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(98) 00089-2. (Pubitemid 29105700)
31. King, S. D., and H. L. Redmond (2005), The crustal dichotomy and edge driven convection: A mechanism for Tharsis Rise volcanism?, Lunar Planet. Sci., XXXVI, Abstract 1960.
32. Lenardic, A., F. Nimmo, and L. Moresi (2004), Growth of the hemispheric dichotomy and the cessation of plate tectonics on Mars, J. Geophys. Res., 109, E02003, doi:10.1029/2003JE002172.
33. Lenardic, A., M. A. Richards, and F. H. Busse (2006), Depth-dependent rheology and the horizontal length scale of mantle convection, J. Geophys. Res., 111, B07404, doi:10.1029/2005JB003639.
34. Lingenfelter, R. E., and G. Schubert (1973), Evidence for convection in planetary interiors from first-order topography, Earth, Moon, and Planets, 7(1), 172-180, doi:10.1007/BF00578814.
35. Marinova, M. M., O. Aharonson, and E. Asphaug (2008), Mega-impact formation of the Mars hemispheric dichotomy, Nature, 453(7199), 1216-1219, doi:10.1038/nature07070. (Pubitemid 351913603)
36. McGill, G. E., and A. M. Dimitriou (1990), Origin of the Martian global dichotomy by crustal thinning in the late Noachian or early Hesperian, J. Geophys. Res., 95(B8), 12,595-12,605, doi:10.1029/JB095iB08p12595.
37. McNamara, A. K., and S. Zhong (2004), Thermochemical structures within a spherical mantle: Superplumes or piles?, J. Geophys. Res., 109, B07402, doi:10.1029/2003JB002847. (Pubitemid 39306354)
38. Mège, D., and P. Masson (1996), A plume tectonics model for the Tharsis province, Mars, Planet. Space Sci., 44(12), 1499-1546, doi:10.1016/S0032-0633(96)00113-4. (Pubitemid 126371406)
39. Mutch, T. A., and R. S. Saunders (1976), The geologic development of Mars: A review, Space Sci. Rev., 19(1), 3-57, doi:10.1007/BF00215628.
40. Neumann, G. A., M. T. Zuber, M. A. Wieczorek, P. J. McGovern, F. G. Lemoine, and D. E. Smith (2004), Crustal structure of Mars from gravity and topography, J. Geophys. Res., 109, E08002, doi:10.1029/2004JE002262. (Pubitemid 39437358)
41. Nimmo, F., and K. Tanaka (2005), Early crustal evolution of Mars, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 33(1), 133-161, doi:10.1146/annurev. earth.33.092203.122637. (Pubitemid 40849781)
42. Nimmo, F., S. D. Hart, D. G. Korycansky, and C. B. Agnor (2008), Implications of an impact origin for the martian hemispheric dichotomy, Nature, 453(7199), 1220-1223, doi:10.1038/nature07025. (Pubitemid 351913600)
43. Phillips, R. J., et al. (2001), Ancient geodynamics and global-scale hydrology on Mars, Science, 291(5513), 2587-2591, doi:10.1126/science. 1058701. (Pubitemid 32249680)
44. Picardi, G., et al. (2005), Radar soundings of the subsurface of Mars, Science, 310(5756), 1925-1928, doi:10.1126/science.1122165. (Pubitemid 43005980)
45. Pollack, H. N. (1986), Cratonization and thermal evolution of the mantle, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett, 80(1-2), 175-182, doi:10.1016/0012-821X(86) 90031-2.
46. Purucker, M., D. Ravat, H. Frey, C. Voorhies, T. Sabaka, and M. Acuña (2000), An altitude-normalized magnetic map of Mars and its interpretation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27(16), 2449-2452, doi:10.1029/ 2000GL000072. (Pubitemid 32040297)
47. Reese, C. C, C. P. Orth, and V. S. Solomatov (2010), Impact origin for the Martian crustal dichotomy: Half emptied or half filled?, J. Geophys. Res., 115, E05004, doi:10.1029/2009JE003506.
48. Ribe, N. M., and D. P. de Valpine (1994), The global hotspot distribution and instability of D", Geophys. Res. Lett., 21(14), 1507-1510, doi:10.1029/94GL01168. (Pubitemid 24428957)
49. Ricard, Y., C. Doglioni, and R. Sabadini (1991), Differential rotation between lithosphere and mantle: A consequence of lateral mantle viscosity variations, J. Geophys. Res., 96(B5), 8407-8415, doi:10.1029/91JB00204.
50. Ritsema, J., H. J. v. Heijst, and J. H. Woodhouse (1999), Complex shear wave velocity structure imaged beneath Africa and Iceland, Science, 286(5446), 1925-1928, doi:10.1126/science.286.5446.1925.
51. Roberts, J. H., and S. Zhong (2006), Degree-1 convection in the Martian mantle and the origin of the hemispheric dichotomy, J. Geophys. Res., 111, E06013, doi:10.1029/2005JE002668. (Pubitemid 44687670)
52. Schubert, G., and R. E. Lingenfelter (1973), Martian centre of mass - centre of figure offset, Nature, 242(5395), 251-252, doi:10.1038/242251a0.
53. Sleep, N. H. (1994), Martian plate tectonics, J. Geophys. Res., 99(E3), 5639-5655, doi:10.1029/94JE00216. (Pubitemid 24427350)
54. Smith, D. E., et al. (1998), Topography of the northern hemisphere of Mars from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter, Science, 279(5357), 1686-1692, doi:10.1126/science.279.5357.1686. (Pubitemid 28164459)
55. Smith, D. E., et al. (1999a), The global topography of Mars and implications for surface evolution, Science, 284(5419), 1495-1503, doi:10.1126/science.284.5419.1495. (Pubitemid 29291391)
56. Smith, D. E., W. L. Sjogren, G. L. Tyler, G. Balmino, F. G. Lemoine, and A. S. Konopliv (1999b), The gravity field of Mars: Results from Mars Global Surveyor, Science, 286(5437), 94-97, doi:10.1126/science. 286.5437.94. (Pubitemid 29484481)
57. Smith, D. E., et al. (2001), Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter: Experiment summary after the first year of global mapping of Mars, J. Geophys. Res., 106(E10), 23,689-23,722, doi:10.1029/2000JE001364.
58. Solomon, S. C, et al. (2005), New perspectives on ancient Mars, Science, 307(5713), 1214-1220, doi:10.1126/science.1101812. (Pubitemid 40299956)
59. Tackley, P. J., and S. D. King (2003), Testing the tracer ratio method for modeling active compositional fields in mantle convection simulations, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst, 4(4), 8302, doi:10.1029/2001GC000214.
60. Tackley, P. J., D. J. Stevenson, G. A. Glatzmaier, and G. Schubert (1993), Effects of an endothermic phase transition at 670 km depth in a spherical model of convection in the Earth's mantle, Nature, 361(6414), 699-704, doi:10.1038/361699a0. (Pubitemid 23390508)
61. Tanaka, K. (1986), The stratigraphy of Mars, Proc. Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. 17th, Part 1, J. Geophys. Res., 91, suppl., E139-E158, doi:10.1029/JB091iB13p0E139.
62. Tanaka, K. L., D. H. Scott, and R. Greeley (1992), Global stratigraphy, in Mars, edited by H. H. Kieffer et al., chap. 11, pp. 345-382, Univ. of Ariz. Press, Tucson.
63. Tyler, G. L., G. Balmino, D. P. Hinson, W. L. Sjogren, D. E. Smith, R. Woo, S. W. Asmar, M. J. Connally, C. L. Hamilton, and R. A. Simpson (1992), Radio science investigations with Mars Observer, J. Geophys. Res., 97(E5), 7759-7779, doi:10.1029/92JE00513.
64. Watters, T. R., P. J. McGovern, and R. P. Irwin III (2007), Hemispheres apart: The crustal dichotomy on Mars, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 35(1), 621-262, doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.35.031306.140220. (Pubitemid 46930404)
65. Wilhelms, D. E., and S. W. Squyres (1984), The Martian hemispheric dichotomy may be due to a giant impact, Nature, 309(5964), 138-140, doi:10.1038/309138a0.
66. Wise, D. U., M. P. Golombek, and G. E. McGill (1979), Tharsis province of Mars: Geologic sequence, geometry, and a deformation mechanism, Icarus, 38(3), 456-472, doi:10.1016/0019-1035(79)90200-8.
67. Withers, P., and G. A. Neumann (2001), Enigmatic northern plains of Mars, Nature, 410(6829), 651-651, doi:10.1038/35070640.
68. Zhong, S. (2001), Role of ocean-continent contrast and continental keels on plate motion, net rotation of lithosphere, and the geoid, J. Geophys. Res., 106(B1), 703-712, doi:10.1029/2000JB900364.
69. Zhong, S. (2009), Migration of Tharsis volcanism on Mars caused by differential rotation of the lithosphere, Nat. Geosci., 2(1), 19-23, doi:10.1038/ngeo392.
70. Zhong, S., and M. T. Zuber (2001), Degree-1 mantle convection and the crustal dichotomy on Mars, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 189(1-2), 75-84, doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00345-4. (Pubitemid 32626499)
71. Zhong, S., M. T. Zuber, L. Moresi, and M. Gurnis (2000), Role of temperature-dependent viscosity and surface plates in spherical shell models of mantle convection, J. Geophys. Res., 105(B5), 11,063-11,082, doi:10.1029/2000JB900003.
72. Zhong, S., N. Zhang, Z.-X. Li, and J. H. Roberts (2007), Supercontinent cycles, true polar wander, and very long-wavelength mantle con- vection, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 261(3-4), 551-564, doi:10.1016/j. epsl.2007.07.049. (Pubitemid 47371869)
73. Zhong, S., A. McNamara, E. Tan, L. Moresi, and M. Gurnis (2008), Abenchmark study on mantle convection in a 3-D spherical shell using CitcomS, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 9, Q10017, doi:10.1029/2008GC002048.
74. Zuber, M. T., D. E. Smith, S. C. Solomon, D. O. Muhleman, J. W. Head, J. B. Garvin, J. B. Abshire, and J. L. Bufton (1992), The Mars Observer Laser Altimeter investigation, J. Geophys. Res., 97(E5), 7781-7797, doi:10.1029/92JE00341.
75. Zuber, M. T., et al. (2000), Internal structure and early thermal evolution of Mars from Mars Global Surveyor topography and gravity, Science, 287(5459), 1788-1793, doi:10.1126/science.287.5459.1788. (Pubitemid 30143958)