EGATEC: A new high-resolution engineering model of the global atmospheric electric circuit - Currents in the lower atmosphere

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 115, Issue 18, 2010, Pages

  Odzimek, A ^a,b   Lester, M ^a   Kubicki, M ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER   (United Kingdom)

^b INSTITUTE OF GEOPHYSICS   (Poland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLOUDS; ELECTRIC FIELDS; ELECTRIC LINES; ELECTRIC NETWORK ANALYSIS; IONOSPHERE; LIGHTNING PROTECTION; RAIN; RAIN GAGES; SOLAR ENERGY; THUNDERSTORMS;

AIR-EARTH CURRENT DENSITY; ATMOSPHERIC CONDUCTIVITY; CIRCUIT SOLUTION; CLOUD DATA; CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; CURRENT GENERATOR; DIURNAL VARIATION; ELECTRIC ACTIVITY; ELECTRICAL NETWORKS; ENGINEERING MODELS; GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC ELECTRIC CIRCUIT; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; GLOBAL MINIMA; IONOSPHERIC POTENTIAL; LIGHTNING FLASH RATE; LOWER ATMOSPHERE; NEW HIGH; RAINFALL DATA; SOLAR ACTIVITY; SPATIAL RESOLUTION; TIME RESOLUTION; TOTAL RESISTANCE;

ELECTRIC GENERATORS;

ATMOSPHERIC ELECTRICITY; DATA SET; DIURNAL VARIATION; ELECTRIC FIELD; ENGINEERING GEOLOGY; IONOSPHERE; LATITUDE; LIGHTNING; NUMERICAL MODEL; RAINFALL; SOLAR ACTIVITY; SPATIAL RESOLUTION; THUNDERSTORM;

EID: 77957566716     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2009JD013341     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Adlerman, E. J., and E. R. Williams (1996), Seasonal variation of global electric circuit, J. Geophys. Res., 101(D23), 29,679-29,688.
2. Anderson, R. V. (1966), Measurements of total current density above active snowstorms, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 28, 789-790.
3. Bailey, J. C., R. J. Blakeslee, D. E. Buechler, and H. J. Christian (2007), Diurnal lightning distributions as observed by the Opptical Transient Detector (OTD) and the Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS), paper presented at 13th International Conference on Atmospheric Electricity, Int. Comm. on Atmos. Electr., Beijing.
4. Chalmers, J. A. (1958), The electricity of nimbo-stratus clouds, in Recent Advances in Atmospheric Electricity, edited by L. G. Smith, pp. 309-315, Pergamon, New York.
5. Christian, H. J., R. J. Blakeslee, S. J. Goodman, D. M. Mach, M. F. Steward, D. E. Buechler, W. J. Koshak, J. M. Hall, K. T. Driscoll, and D. J. Boccippio (1999), The Lightning Imaging Sensor, NASA Conf. Publ., 209261, 746-749.
6. Christian, H. J., et al. (2003), Global frequency and distribution of lightning as observed from space by the Optical Transient Detector, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D1), 4005, doi:10.1029/2002JD002347.
7. Harrison, R. G. (2004), The global atmospheric electrical circuit and climate, Surv. Geophys., 25(5-6), 441-484, doi:10.1007/s10712-004-5439-8. (Pubitemid 41102312)
8. Harrison, R. G., and K. A. Nicoll (2008), Air-Earth current density measurements at Lerwick; Implications for seasonality in the global electric circuit, Atmos. Res., 89, 181-193.
9. Hays, P. B., and R. G. Roble (1979), A quasi-static model of global atmospheric electricity: 1. The lower atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 84(A7), 3291-3305.
10. Hedin, A. E. (1991), Extension of the MSIS thermospheric model into the middle and lower atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 96(A2), 1159-1172.
11. Hess, M., P. Koepke, and I. Schult (1998), Optical properties of aerosols and clouds: The software package OPAC, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 79(5), 831-844.
12. Houze, R. A., Jr. (1993), Cloud Dynamics, 573 pp., Academic, San Diego, Calif.
13. Imyanitov, I. M., and K. S. Shifrin (1962), Present state of research on atmospheric electricity (in Russian), Sov. Phys. Usp., 5(2), 292-322.
14. Imyanitov, I. M., E. W. Chubarina, and J. W. Szwarc (1974), Cloud Electricity (in Polish), 139 pp., Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Warsaw.
15. Kartalev, M. D., M. J. Rycroft, M. Fuellekrug, V. O. Papitashvili, and V. I. Keremidarska (2004), A possible explanation for the dominant effect of South American thunderstorms on the Carnegie curve, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 68, 457-468, doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2005.05.012.
16. Kubicki, M. (2005), Results of atmospheric electricity and meteorological observations at S. Kalinowski Geophysical Observatory at Świder, Publ. Inst. Geophys. Pol. Acad. Sci., D, 71(391), 3-72.
17. Kubicki, M., S. Michnowski, and B. Myslek-Laurikainen (2007), Seasonal and daily variations of atmospheric electricity parameters registered at the Geophysical Observatory at Świder (Poland) during 1965-2000, paper presented at 13th International Conference on Atmospheric Electricity, Int. Comm. on Atmos. Electr., Beijing.
18. Kummerow, C, W. Barnes, T. Kozu, J. Shiue, and J. Simpson (1998), The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) sensor package, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 15, 809-817.
19. Lyons, W. A. (2006), The meteorology of transient luminous events-An introduction and overview, in Sprites, Elves, and Intense Lightning Discharges, edited by M. Füllekrug, E. A. Mareev, and M. J. Rycroft, pp. 19-56, Springer, Dordrecht, Netherlands.
20. MacGorman, D., and W. D. Rust (1998), The Electrical Nature of Storms, 422 pp., Oxford Univ. Press, New York.
21. Mach, D. M., R. J. Blakeslee, M. G. Bateman, and J. C. Bailey (2009), Electric fields, conductivity, and estimated currents from aircraft overflights of electrified clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D10204, doi:10.1029/2008JD011495.
22. Mach, D. M., R. J. Blakeslee, M. G. Bateman, and J. C. Bailey (2010), Comparisons of total currents based on storm location, polarity, and flash rates derived from high-altitude aircraft overflights, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D03201, doi:10.1029/2009JD012240.
23. Makino, M., and T. Ogawa (1984), Responses of atmospheric electric field and air-Earth current to variations of conductivity profiles, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 46, 431-445.
24. Markson, R. (1985), Aircraft measurements of the atmospheric electrical global circuit during the period 1971-1984, J. Geophys. Res., 90(D4), 5967-5977.
25. Markson, R. (2007), The global circuit intensity: Its measurement and variation over the last 50 years, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc, 88, 1-19.
26. Nicoll, K. A., and R. G. Harrison (2009), Electrical charge on non-thunderstorm cloud edges, paper presented at Environmental Electrostatics Meeting 3, Inst. of Phys., London.
27. Nisbet, J. S. (1983), A dynamic model of thundercloud electric fields, J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 2855-2873.
28. Odzimek, A., and M. Lester (2009), Modelling the Earth's global atmospheric electric circuit-Development, challenges and directions, Publ. Inst. Geophys. Pol. Acad. Sci., D, 73(412), 37-53.
29. Price, C, J. Penner, and M. Prather (1997), NOx from lightning: 2. Constraints from the global atmospheric electric circuit, J. Geophys. Res., 102(D5), 5943-5951.
30. Rakov, V. A., and M. A. Uman (2003), Lightning: Physics and Effects, 687 pp., Cambridge Univ. Press, New York.
31. Rossow, W. B., and R. A. Schiffer (1991), ISCCP cloud data products, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc, 71, 2-20.
32. Rossow, W. B., and R. A. Schiffer (1999), Advances in understanding clouds from ISCCP, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc, 80, 2261-2288, doi:10.1175/1520- 0477.
33. Rossow, W. B., A. W. Walker, D. E. Beuschel, and M. D. Roiter (1996), International satellite cloud climatology project (ISCCP) documentation of new cloud datasets, WMO/TD 737, 115 pp., World Meteorol. Org., Geneva.
34. Rycroft, M. J., and A. Odzimek (2010), Effects of lightning and sprites on the ionospheric potential, and threshold effects on sprite initiation, obtained using an analog model of the global atmospheric electric circuit, J. Geophys. Res., 115, A00E37, doi:10.1029/2009JA014758.
35. Rycroft, M. J., S. Israelsson, and C. Price (2000), The global atmospheric electric circuit, solar activity and climate change, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 62, 1563-1576.
36. Rycroft, M. J., A. Odzimek, N. F. Arnold, M. Fullekrug, A. Kulak, and T. Neubert (2007), New model simulations of the global atmospheric electric circuit driven by thunderstorms and electrified shower clouds: The roles of lightning and sprites, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 69, 2485-2509.
37. Sapkota, B. K., and N. C. Varshneya (1990), On the global atmospheric electric circuit, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 52, 1-22.
38. Soula, S., and S. Chauzy (1997), Charge transfer by precipitation between thundercloud and ground, J. Geophys. Res., 102(D10), 11,061-11,069.
39. Stolzenburg, M., and T. C. Marshall (2008), Charge structure and dynamics in thunderstorms, Space Sci. Rev., 137(1-4), 355-372, doi:10.1007/s11214-008- 9338-z.
40. Swider, W. (1985), Ionic mobility, mean mass, and conductivity in the middle atmosphere from near ground level to 70 km, Radio Sci., 23(3), 389-399.
41. Thomas, J. N., R. H. Holzworth, and M. P. McCarthy (2009), In situ measurements of contributions to the global electrical circuit by a thunderstorm in southeastern Brazil, Atmos. Res., 91, 153-160, doi:10.1016/j. atmosres.2008.03.026.
42. Tinsley, B. A. (2008), The global atmospheric electric circuit and its effects on cloud microphysics, Rep. Prog. Phys., 71(6), 066801, doi:10.1088/0034-4885/71/6/066801.
43. Tinsley, B. A., and L. Zhou (2006), Initial results of a global circuit model with variable stratospheric and tropospheric aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D16205, doi:10.1029/2005JD006988. (Pubitemid 46290734)
44. Willett, J. C. (1979), Solar modulation of the supply current for atmospheric electricity?, J. Geophys. Res., 84(C8), 4999-5002.
45. Williams, E. R. (1994), Global circuit response to seasonal variations in global surface air temperature, Mon. Weather Rev., 122(8), 1917-1929, doi:10.1175/1520-0493.
46. Williams, E. R. (2009), The global electrical circuit: A review, Atmos. Res., 91, 140-152, doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.200805.018.
47. Williams, E. R., and S. J. Heckman (1993), The local diurnal variation of cloud electrification and the global diurnal variation of negative charge on the Earth, J. Geophys. Res., 98(D3), 5221-5234.
48. Williams, E. R., and G. Sátori (2004), Lightning, thermodynamic and hydrological comparison of the two tropical continental chimneys, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 66, 5221-5234.
49. Wilson, C. T. R. (1920), Investigation on lightning discharges and on the electric field of thunderstorms, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A, 211, 73-115.
50. Wormell, T. W. (1930), Vertical electric currents below thunderstorms and showers, Proc. R. Soc. A, 127, 567-590.
51. Wormell, T. W. (1953), Atmospheric electricity: Some recent trends and problems, Q. J. R. Metorol. Soc., 79, 474-489.
52. Zhou, L., and B. A. Tinsley (2007), Production of space charge at the boundaries of layer clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D11203, doi:10.1029/ 2006JD007998. (Pubitemid 47288011)