Production of space charge at the boundaries of layer clouds

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 112, Issue 11, 2007, Pages

  Zhou, Limin ^a,b,c,d   Tinsley, Brian A ^b  

^a INSTITUTE OF GEOCHEMISTRY   (China)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT DALLAS   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES   (China)

^d EAST CHINA NORMAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC ELECTRICITY; CLOUDS; CURRENT DENSITY; ELECTRIC FIELDS; ELECTRIC SPACE CHARGE; MATHEMATICAL MODELS;

AEROSOL; ATMOSPHERIC ELECTRICITY; ELECTRIC FIELD; ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTRON DENSITY; GAUSSIAN METHOD; IONOSPHERE; PARTICLE SIZE;

EID: 34548094946     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2006JD007998     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Beard, K. V. (1992), Ice initiation in warm based convective clouds: An assessment of microphysical mechanisms, Atmos. Res., 28, 125-152.
2. Beard, K. V., H. T. Ochs III, and C. H. Twohy (2004), Aircraft measurements of high average charges on cloud drops in layer clouds, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L14111, doi:10.1029/2004GL020465.
3. Bircumshaw, L. L., and V. H. Stott (1929), Viscosity of gases, in International Critical Tables, vol. 5, edited by E. W. Washburn, pp. 1-6, McGraw-Hill, New York.
4. Boynton, W. P., and W. H. Brattain (1929), Interdiffusion of gases and vapors, in International Critical Tables, vol. 5, edited by E. W. Washburn, pp. 62-63, McGraw-Hill, New York.
5. Bricard, J. (1965), Action of radioactivity and of pollution upon parameters of atmospheric electricity, in Problems of Atmospheric and Space Electricity, edited by S. C. Coroniti, pp. 82-117, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
6. Burns, G. B., B. A. Tinsley, A. V. Frank-Kamenetsky, and E. A. Bering (2007), Interplanetary magnetic field and atmospheric electric circuit influences on ground-level pressure at Vostok, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D04103, doi:10.1029/2006JD007246.
7. Chapman, S., and T. G. Cowling (1970), The Mathematical Theory of Non-Uniform Gases, 3rd ed., Cambridge Univ. Press, London.
8. Fujioka, N., Y. Tsunoda, A. Sugimura, and K. Arai (1983), Influence of humidity on ion mobility with life time in atmospheric air, IEEE Trans. Power Apparatus Syst., 102, 911-917, doi:0018-9510/83/ 0002-0911.
9. Griffiths, R. F., J. Latham, and V. Myers (1974), The ionic conductivity of electrified clouds, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 100, 181-190.
10. Harrison, R. G., and K. S. Carslaw (2003), Ion-aerosol-cloud processes in the lower atmosphere, Rev. Geophys., 41(3), 1012, doi:10.1029/ 2002RG000114.
11. Hoppel, W. A. (1985), Ion-aerosol attachment coefficients, ion depletion, and the charge distribution on aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 5917-5923.
12. Hoppel, W. A., and G. F. Frick (1986), Ion-aerosol attachment coefficients and the steady-state charge distribution on aerosols in a bipolar ion environment, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 5, 1-21.
13. Keefe, D., P. J. Nolan, and J. A. Scott (1968), Influence of Coulomb and image forces on combination in aerosols, Proc. R. Ir. Acad, Sect. A, 66, 17-24.
14. List, R. J., (Ed.) (1966), Table 113, in Smithsonian Meteorological Tables, 6th ed., pp. 394-395, Smithson. Inst., Washington, D. C.
15. Marsh, N., and H. Svensmark (2000), Low cloud properties influenced by cosmic rays, Phys. Rev. Lett., 85, 5004-5007.
16. McDaniel, E. W. (1989), Atomic Collisions, John Wiley, New York.
17. McDaniel, E. W., and E. A. Mason (1973), The Mobility and Diffusion of Ions in Gases, John Wiley, New York.
18. Montgomery, R. B. (1947), Viscosity and thermal conductivity of air and diffusivity of water vapor in air, J. Meteorol., 4, 193-196.
19. Pruppacher, H., and J. D. Klett (1997), Microphysics of Clouds and Precipitation, 2nd ed., Kluwer, Dordrecht Netherlands.
20. Reiter, R. R. (1992), Phenomena in Atmospheric and Environmental Electricity, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
21. Rogers, R. R., and M. K. Yau (1989), A Short Course in Cloud Physics, 3rd ed., Pergamon, Oxford, U. K.
22. Sagalyn, R. C., and G. A. Faucher (1954), Aircraft investigation of the large ion content and conductivity of the atmosphere, and their relation to meteorological factors, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 5, 253-272.
23. Shreve, E. L. (1970), Theoretical derivation of atmospheric ion concentrations, conductivity, space charge density, electric field and generation rate from 0 to 60 km, J. Atmos. Sci, 27, 1186-1194.
24. Tinsley, B. A. (2000), The influence of the solar wind on the global electric circuit, and inferred effects on clouds and climate, Space Sci. Rev., 94, 231-258.
25. Tinsley, B. A. (2004), Scavenging of condensation nuclei in clouds: Dependence of sign of electroscavenging effect on droplet and CCN sizes, paper presented at 14th International Conference on Clouds and Precipitation, Inst. of Atmos. Sci. and Clim., Bologna, Italy.
26. Tinsley, B. A., and L. Zhou (2006), Initial results of a global circuit model with variable stratospheric and tropospheric aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., III, D16205, doi:10.1029/2005JD006988.
27. Tinsley, B. A., R. P. Rohrbaugh, M. Hei, and K. V. Beard (2000), Effects of image charges on the scavenging of aerosol particles by cloud droplets and on droplet charging and possible ice nucleation processes, J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 2118-2134.
28. Tinsley, B. A., R. P. Rohrbaugh, and M. Hei (2001), Electroscavenging in clouds with broad droplet size distributions and weak electrification, Atmos. Res., 59-60, 115-135.
29. Tinsley, B. A., L. Zhou, and A. Plemmons (2006), Changes in scavenging of particles by droplets due to weak electrification in clouds, Atmos. Res., 79, 266-295.
30. Townsend, J. S. (1900), The diffusion of ions into gases, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 193, 129-158.
31. Yair, Y., and Z. Levin (1989), Charging of polydispersive aerosol particles by attachment of atmospheric ions, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 13,0851-13,901.
32. Yu, F., and R. P. Turco (2001), From molecular clusters to nanoparticles: The role of ambient ionization in tropospheric aerosol formation, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 4797-4814.
33. Williams, E. R. (2005), Lightning and climate: A review, Atmos. Res., 76, 272-287.