Immunotoxins: A promising treatment modality for metastatic melanoma?

Ochsner Journal

Volumn 10, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 193-199

  Risberg, Karianne ^a   Fodstad, Øystein ^a   Andersson, Yvonne ^a  

^a OSLO UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Norway)

Author keywords

9.2.27pe; Cell death; Dacarbazine; Immunotoxin; Melanoma

Indexed keywords

DACARBAZINE; EPITHELIAL CELL ADHESION MOLECULE; IMMUNOTOXIN; IMMUNOTOXIN LMB2; PSEUDOMONAS EXOTOXIN; SINGLE CHAIN FRAGMENT VARIABLE ANTIBODY;

ARTICLE; CAPILLARY LEAK SYNDROME; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONCENTRATION RESPONSE; CYTOTOXICITY; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG TARGETING; HUMAN; LEUKEMIA; LYMPHOMA; MELANOMA; MELANOMA CELL; NONHUMAN;

EID: 77957342344     PISSN: 15245012     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J, Pisani P. Global cancer statistics, 2002. CA Cancer J Clin. 2005;55(2):74-108.
2. Cummins DL, Cummins JM, Pantle H, Silverman MA, Leonard AL, Chanmugam A. Cutaneous malignant melanoma. Mayo Clin Proc. 2006;81(4):500-507.
3. de Vries E, Coebergh JW. Cutaneous malignant melanoma in Europe. Eur J Cancer. 2004;40(16):2355-2366.
4. Miller AJ, Mihm MC Jr. Melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(1):51-65.
5. Soengas MS, Lowe SW. Apoptosis and melanoma chemoresistance. Oncogene. 2003;22(20):3138-3151.
6. Lens MB, Eisen TG. Systemic chemotherapy in the treatment of malignant melanoma. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2003;4(12):2205-2211.
7. Kirkwood JM, Ibrahim JG, Sosman JA, et al. High-dose interferon alfa-2b significantly prolongs relapse-free and overall survival compared with the GM2-KLH/QS-21 vaccine in patients with resected stage IIB-III melanoma: results of intergroup trial E1694/ S9512/C509801. J Clin Oncol. 2001;19(9):2370-2380.
8. Kirkwood JM, Strawderman MH, Ernstoff MS, Smith TJ, Borden EC, Blum RH. Interferon alfa-2b adjuvant therapy of high-risk resected cutaneous melanoma: the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Trial EST 1684. J Clin Oncol. 1996;14(1):7-17.
9. Kirkwood JM, Manola J, Ibrahim J, Sondak V, Ernstoff MS, Rao U, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. A pooled analysis of Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group and Intergroup trials of adjuvant highdose interferon for melanoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2004;10(5):1670-1677.
10. Queirolo P, Acquati M. Targeted therapies in melanoma. Cancer Treat Rev. 2006;32(7):524-531.
11. Handolias D, Hamilton AL, Salemi R, et al. Clinical responses observed with imatinib or sorafenib in melanoma patients expressing mutations in KIT. Br J Cancer. 2010;102(8):1219-1223.
12. Hauschild A, Agarwala SS, Trefzer U, et al. Results of a phase III, randomized, placebo-controlled study of sorafenib in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel as second-line treatment in patients with unresectable stage III or stage IV melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(17):2823-2830.
13. Smalley KS, Flaherty KT. Development of a novel chemical class of BRAF inhibitors offers new hope for melanoma treatment. Future Oncol. 2009;5(6):775-778.
14. Cheung MC, Revers L, Perampalam S, et al. An evolved ribosomeinactivating protein targets and kills human melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Mol Cancer. 2010;9:28; doi:10.1186/1476-4598-9-28.
15. Ogata M, Fryling CM, Pastan I, FitzGerald DJ. Cell-mediated cleavage of Pseudomonas exotoxin between Arg279 and Gly280 generates the enzymatically active fragment which translocates to the cytosol. J Biol Chem. 1992;267(35):25396-25401.
16. Lombardi D, Soldati T, Riederer MA, Goda Y, Zerial M, Pfeffer SR. Rab9 functions in transport between late endosomes and the trans Golgi network. EMBO J. 1993;12(2):677-682.
17. Kreitman RJ, Pastan I. Importance of the glutamate residue of KDEL in increasing the cytotoxicity of Pseudomonas exotoxin derivatives and for increased binding to the KDEL receptor. Biochem J. 1995;307(pt 1):29-37.
18. Miesenbock G, Rothman JE. The capacity to retrieve escaped ER proteins extends to the trans-most cisterna of the Golgi stack. J Cell Biol. 1995;129(2):309-319.
19. Allured VS, Collier RJ, Carroll SF, McKay DB. Structure of exotoxin A of Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 3.0-Angstrom resolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986;83(5):1320-1324.
20. Hwang J, Fitzgerald DJ, Adhya S, Pastan I. Functional domains of Pseudomonas exotoxin identified by deletion analysis of the gene expressed in E. coli. Cell. 1987;48(1):129-136.
21. Collier RJ. Diphtheria toxin: mode of action and structure. Bacteriol Rev. 1975;39(1):54-85.
22. Morimoto H, Bonavida B. Diphtheria toxin- and Pseudomonas A toxin-mediated apoptosis: ADP ribosylation of elongation factor-2 is required for DNA fragmentation and cell lysis and synergy with tumor necrosis factor-alpha. J Immunol. 1992;149(6):2089-2094.
23. Kreitman RJ. Immunotoxins for targeted cancer therapy. AAPS J. 2006;8(3):E532-E551.
24. Tsutsumi Y, Onda M, Nagata S, Lee B, Kreitman RJ, Pastan I. Sitespecific chemical modification with polyethylene glycol of recombinant immunotoxin anti-Tac(Fv)-PE38 (LMB-2) improves antitumor activity and reduces animal toxicity and immunogenicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000;97(15):8548-8553.
25. Filpula D, Yang K, Basu A, et al. Releasable PEGylation of mesothelin targeted immunotoxin SS1P achieves single dosage complete regression of a human carcinoma in mice. Bioconjug Chem. 2007;18(3):773-784.
26. Pai LH, FitzGerald DJ, Tepper M, Schacter B, Spitalny G, Pastan I. Inhibition of antibody response to Pseudomonas exotoxin and an immunotoxin containing Pseudomonas exotoxin by 15-deoxyspergualin in mice. Cancer Res. 1990;50(24):7750-7753.
27. Onda M, Nagata S, FitzGerald DJ, et al. Characterization of the B cell epitopes associated with a truncated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE38) used to make immunotoxins for the treatment of cancer patients. J Immunol. 2006;177(12):8822-8834.
28. Onda M, Beers R, Xiang L, Nagata S, Wang QC, Pastan I. An immunotoxin with greatly reduced immunogenicity by identification and removal of B cell epitopes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008;105(32):11311-11316.
29. Andersson Y, Engebraaten O, Fodstad Ø. Synergistic anti-cancer effects of immunotoxin and cyclosporin in vitro and in vivo. Br J Cancer. 2009;101(8):1307-1315.
30. Baluna R, Vitetta ES. Vascular leak syndrome: a side effect of immunotherapy. Immunopharmacology. 1997;37(2-3):117-132.
31. Siegall CB, Liggitt D, Chace D, et al. Characterization of vascular leak syndrome induced by the toxin component of Pseudomonas exotoxin-based immunotoxins and its potential inhibition with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Clin Cancer Res. 1997;3(3):339-345.
32. Siegall CB, Liggitt D, Chace D, Tepper MA, Fell HP. Prevention of immunotoxin-mediated vascular leak syndrome in rats with retention of antitumor activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994;91(20):9514-9518.
33. Baluna R, Coleman E, Jones C, Ghetie V, Vitetta ES. The effect of a monoclonal antibody coupled to ricin A chain-derived peptides on endothelial cells in vitro: insights into toxin-mediated vascular damage. Exp Cell Res. 2000;258(2):417-424.
34. Baluna R, Rizo J, Gordon BE, Ghetie V, Vitetta ES. Evidence for a structural motif in toxins and interleukin-2 that may be responsible for binding to endothelial cells and initiating vascular leak syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999;96(7):3957-3962.
35. Kuan CT, Pai LH, Pastan I. Immunotoxins containing Pseudomonas exotoxin that target LeY damage human endothelial cells in an antibody-specific mode: relevance to vascular leak syndrome. Clin Cancer Res. 1995;1(12):1589-1594.
36. Xie X, Wang C-Y, Cao Y-X, et al. Expression pattern of epithelial cell adhesion molecule on normal and malignant colon tissues. World J Gastroenterol. 2005;11(3):344-347.
37. Pai LH, Wittes R, Setser A, Willingham MC, Pastan I. Treatment of advanced solid tumors with immunotoxin LMB-1: an antibody linked to Pseudomonas exotoxin. Nat Med. 1996;2(3):350-353.
38. Jain RK. Delivery of molecular medicine to solid tumors. Science. 1996;271(5252):1079-1080.
39. Reiter Y, Pastan I. Recombinant Fv immunotoxins and Fv fragments as novel agents for cancer therapy and diagnosis. Trends Biotechnol. 1998;16(12):513-520.
40. Macdonald GC, Rasamoelisolo M, Entwistle J, et al. A phase I clinical study of intratumorally administered VB4-845, an antiepithelial cell adhesion molecule recombinant fusion protein, in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Med Oncol. 2009;26(3):257-264.
41. Laske DW, Muraszko KM, Oldfield EH, et al. Intraventricular immunotoxin therapy for leptomeningeal neoplasia [discussion in Neurosurgery. 1997;41(5):1049-1051.] Neurosurgery. 1997;41(5):1039-1049.
42. Laske DW, Youle RJ, Oldfield EH. Tumor regression with regional distribution of the targeted toxin TF-CRM107 in patients with malignant brain tumors. Nat Med. 1997;3(12):1362-1368.
43. Goldberg MR, Heimbrook DC, Russo P, et al. Phase I clinical study of the recombinant oncotoxin TP40 in superficial bladder cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 1995;1(1):57-61.
44. Selbo PK, Rosenblum MG, Cheung LH, Zhang W, Berg K. Multimodality therapeutics with potent anti-tumor effects: photochemical internalization enhances delivery of the fusion toxin scFvMEL/rGel. PLoS One. 2009;4(8):e6691; doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006691.
45. Schwenkert M, Birkholz K, Schwemmlein M, et al. A single chain immunotoxin, targeting the melanoma-associated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, is a potent inducer of apoptosis in cultured human melanoma cells. Melanoma Res. 2008;18(2):73-84.
46. Nishiyama A, Dahlin KJ, Prince JT, Johnstone SR, Stallcup WB. The primary structure of NG2, a novel membrane-spanning proteoglycan. J Cell Biol. 1991;114(2):359-371.
47. Campoli MR, Chang CC, Kageshita T, Wang X, McCarthy JB, Ferrone S. Human high molecular weight-melanoma-associated antigen (HMW-MAA): a melanoma cell surface chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (MSCP) with biological and clinical significance. Crit Rev Immunol. 2004;24(4):267-296.
48. Natali PG, Giacomini P, Russo C, Steinbach G, Fenoglio C, Ferrone S. Antigenic profile of human melanoma cells: analysis with monoclonal antibodies to histocompatibility antigens and to melanoma-associated antigens. J Cutan Pathol. 1983;10(4):225-237.
49. Godal A, Kumle B, Pihl A, Juell S, Fodstad Ø. Immunotoxins directed against the high-molecular-weight melanoma-associated antigen: identification of potent antibody-toxin combinations. Int J Cancer. 1992;52(4):631-635.
50. Giacomini P, Natali P, Ferrone S. Analysis of the interaction between a human high molecular weight melanoma-associated antigen and the monoclonal antibodies to three distinct antigenic determinants. J Immunol. 1985;135(1):696-702.
51. Godal A, Fodstad Ø, Morgan AC, Pihl A. Human melanoma cell lines showing striking inherent differences in sensitivity to immunotoxins containing holotoxins. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1986;77(6):1247-1253.
52. Risberg K, Fodstad Ø, Andersson Y. The melanoma specific 9.2.27PE immunotoxin efficiently kills melanoma cells in vitro. Int J Cancer. 2009;125(1):23-33.
53. Risberg K, Fodstad Ø, Andersson Y. Anti-melanoma activity of the 9.2.27PE immunotoxin in dacarbazine resistant cells. J Immunother. 2010;33(3):272-278.
54. Vlaykova T, Talve L, Hahka-Kemppinen M, et al. Immunohistochemically detectable bcl-2 expression in metastatic melanoma: association with survival and treatment response. Oncology. 2002;62(3):259-268.
55. Leiter U, Schmid RM, Kaskel P, Peter RU, Krahn G. Antiapoptotic bcl-2 and bcl-xL in advanced malignant melanoma. Arch Dermatol Res. 2000;292(5):225-232.
56. Andersson Y, Juell S, Fodstad Ø. Downregulation of the antiapoptotic MCL-1 protein and apoptosis in MA-11 breast cancer cells induced by an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor- Pseudomonas exotoxin a immunotoxin. Int J Cancer. 2004;112(3):475-483.