Long-term statin therapy is associated with better episodic memory in aged familial hypercholesterolemia patients in comparison with population controls

Journal of Alzheimer's Disease

Volumn 21, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 611-617

  Hyttinen, Laura ^a   Tuulio Henriksson, Annamari ^b   Vuorio, Alpo F ^c   Kuosmanen, Noora ^b   Härkänen, Tommi ^b   Koskinen, Seppo ^b   Strandberg, Timo E ^d,e  

^a NORTH KARELIA CENTRAL HOSPITAL   (Finland)

^b NATIONAL PUBLIC HEALTH INSTITUTE   (Finland)

^c UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

^d UNIVERSITY OF OULU   (Finland)

^e OULU UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Finland)

Author keywords

Aged; CERAD; familial hypercholesterolemia; statins

Indexed keywords

HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR;

AGE; AGED; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COGNITION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIABETES MELLITUS; EDUCATION; EPISODIC MEMORY; FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; FEMALE; FINLAND; GENDER; GENE MUTATION; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; LONG TERM CARE; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; VERBAL BEHAVIOR; WORD LIST RECALL;

EID: 77957333479     PISSN: 13872877     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3233/JAD-2010-091381     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Selkoe DJ (2000) The genetics and molecular pathology of Alzheimer's disease: Roles of amyloid and the presenilins. Neurol Clin 18, 903922.
2. Sparks DL, Scheff SW, Hunsaker JC 3rd, Liu H, Landers T, Gross DR (1994) Induction of Alzheimerlike amyloid immunoreactivity in the brains of rabbitswith dietary cholesterol. Exp Neurol 126, 8894.
3. Refolo LM, Pappolla MA, Malester B, LaFrancois J, BryantThomas T, Wang R, Tint GS, Sambamurti K, Duff K (2000) Hypercholesterolemia accelerates the Alzheimer's amyloid pathology in a transgenic mouse model. Neurobiol Dis 7, 321331.
4. Mahley RW, Rall SC Jr (2000) Apolipoprotein E: Far more than a lipid transport protein. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 1, 507537.
5. KivipeltoM,Helkala EL, LaaksoMP,HänninenT,Hallikainen M, Alhainen K, Soininen H, Tuomilehto J, Nissinen A (2001) Midlife vascular risk factors and Alzheimer's disease in later life: Pongitudinal, population based study. BMJ 322, 14471451.
6. Notkola IL, Sulkava R, Pekkanen J, Erkinjuntti T, Ehnholm C, Kivinen P, Tuomilehto J, Nissinen A (1998) Serum total cholesterol, Apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele, and Alzheimer's disease. Neuroepidemiology 17, 1420.
7. Wolozin B, Kellman W, Ruosseau P, Celesia GG, Siegel G (2000) Decreased prevalence of Alzheimer disease associated with 3hydroxy3methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors. Arch Neurol 57, 14391443.
8. Jick H, Zornberg GL, Jick SS, Seshadri S, Drachman DA (2000) Statins and the risk of dementia. Lancet 356, 16271631.
9. Li G, Higdon R, Kukull WA, Peskind E, Van Valen Moore K, Tsuang D, van Belle G, McCormick W, Bowen JD, Teri L, Schellenberg GD, Larson EB (2004) Statin therapy and risk of dementia in the elderly: A communitybased prospective cohort study. Neurology 63, 16241628.
10. Zandi PP, Sparks DL, Khachaturian AS, Tschanz J, Norton M, Steinberg M, WelshBohmer KA, Breitner JCS (2005) Do statins reduce risk of incident dementia and Alzheimer disease? The Cache County Study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 62, 217224.
11. Helzner EP, Luchsinger JA, Scarmeas N, Cosentino S, Brickman AM, Glymour MM, Stern Y (2009) Contribution of vascular risk factors to the progression in Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol 66, 343348.
12. Scientific Steering Committee on behalf of the Simon Broome Register Group (1999) Mortality in treated heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: Implications for clinical management. Atherosclerosis 142, 105112.
13. Goldstein JL, Hobbs HH, Brown MS (2001) Familial hypercholesterolemia. In: The Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease, Scriver CR, Beaudet AL, Sly WS et al., eds., 8th ed. New York: Mc GrawHill, 28632913.
14. Versmissen J, Oosterveer DM, Yazdanpanah M, Defesche JC, Basart DCG, Liem AH, Heeringa J, Witteman JC, Lansberg PJ, Kastelein JJP, Sijbrands EJG (2008) Efficacy of statins in familial hypercholesterolemia: A long term cohort study. BMJ 337;a2423. doi: 10.1136/bmj.a2423.
15. Neil A, Cooper J, Betteridge J, Capps N, Mc Dowell I, Durrington P, Seed M, Humphries SE (2008) Reductions in allcause, cancer, and coronary mortality in statintreated patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: A prospective registry study. Eur Heart J 29, 26252633.
16. Vuorio AF, Turtola H, Piilahti KM, Repo P, Kanninen T, Kontula K (1997) Familial hypercholesterolemia in the Finnish North Karelia. A molecular, clinical, and genealogical study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 17, 31273138.
17. Aromaa A, Koskinen S (2004) Health and Functional Capacity in Finland. Baseline results of the Health 2000 Health Examination Survey. Helsinki: National Public Health Institute.
18. WelshKA, Butters N,Hughes JP,Mohs RC,Heyman A (1992) Detection and staging of dementia in Alzheimer's disease: Use of the neuropsychological measures developed for the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease. Arch Neurol 49, 448452.
19. Morris JC, Heyman A, Mohs RC, Hughes JP, van Belle G, Fillenbaum G, Mellits ET, Clark C (1989) The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD): Part I - clinical and neuropsychological assessment of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 39, 11591165.
20. Zellner A (1962) An efficient method of estimating seemingly unrelated regression equations and tests for aggregation bias. J Am Stat Assoc 57, 348368.
21. SAS Institute Inc. (2008) SAS/STAT 9.2 User's Guide. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.
22. Welsh KA, Butters N, Mohs RC, Beekly D, Edland S, Fillenbaum G, Heyman A (1994) The Consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer's disease (CERAD). Part V. A normative study of the neuropsychological battery. Neurology 44, 609614. (Pubitemid 24129983)
23. Chen P, Ratcliff G, Belle SH, Cauley JA, De Kosky ST, Ganguli M (2000) Cognitive tests that best discriminate between presymptomatic AD and those who remain nondemented. Neurology 55, 18471853.
24. Andel R, Crowe M, Pedersen NL, Fratiglioni L, Johansson B, Gatz M (2008) Physical exercise at midlife and risk of dementia three decades later: A populationbased study of Swedish twins. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 63, 6266.
25. Shepherd J, Blauw GJ, Murphy MB, Bollen ELEM, Buckley BM, Cobbe SM, Ford I, Gaw A, Hyland M, Jukema JW, Kamper AM, Macfarlane PW,Meinders AE, Norrie J, Packard CJ, Perry IJ, Stott DJ, Sweeney BJ, Twomey C, Westendorp RGJ (2002) Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease (PROSPER): A randomised controlled trial. Lancet 360, 16231630.
26. Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group (2002) MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20 536 highrisk individuals: A randomized placebocontrolled trial. Lancet 360, 722.
27. Cramer C, Haan MN, Galea S, Langa KM, Kalbfleisch JD (2008) Use of statins and incidence of dementia and cognitive impairment without dementia in a cohort study. Neurology 71, 344350.
28. Haag MDM, Hofman A, Koudstaal PJ, Stricker BHC, Breteler MMB (2009) Statins are associated with a reduced risk of Alzheimer disease regardless of lipophilicity. The Rotterdam Study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 80, 1317.
29. Bernick C, Katz R, Smith NL, Rapp S, Bhadelia R, CarlsonM, Kuller-L (2005) Statins and cognitive function in the elderly: The Cardiovascular Health Study. Neurology 65, 13881394.
30. Miida T, Takahashi A, Ikeuchi T (2007) Prevention of stroke and dementia by statin therapy: Experimental and clinical evidence of their pleiotropic effects. Pharmacol Ther 113, 378393.
31. TakemotoM, Liao JK (2001) Pleiotropic effects of 3hydroxy3methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 21, 17121719.
32. Braak E,GriffingK,AraiK, Bohl J, BratzkeH, BraakH(1999) Neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease: What is new since A. Alzheimer? Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 249(Suppl 3), 1422.