Comparison of the effects of tramadol, codeine, and ketoprofen alone or in combination on postoperative pain and on concentrations of blood glucose, serum cortisol, and serum interleukin-6 in dogs undergoing maxillectomy or mandibulectomy

American Journal of Veterinary Research

Volumn 71, Issue 9, 2010, Pages 1019-1026

  Martins, Teresinha L ^a   Kahvegian, Márcia A P ^a   Noel Morgan, Jessica ^a   Leon Román, Marco A ^a   Otsuki, Denise A ^a   Fantoni, Denise T ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO   (Brazil)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CODEINE; GLUCOSE; HYDROCORTISONE; INTERLEUKIN 6; KETOPROFEN; TRAMADOL;

ANALGESIC ACTIVITY; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ARTICLE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DOG; DOG DISEASE; FEMALE; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HYDROCORTISONE BLOOD LEVEL; MALE; MANDIBLE RESECTION; MAXILLA RESECTION; MOUTH CANCER; NONHUMAN; POSTOPERATIVE PAIN; PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION; SEDATION;

ANALGESICS, OPIOID; ANIMALS; BLOOD GLUCOSE; CODEINE; DOG DISEASES; DOGS; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; FEMALE; HYDROCORTISONE; KETOPROFEN; MALE; MANDIBLE; MANDIBULAR DISEASES; MANDIBULAR NEOPLASMS; MAXILLA; MAXILLARY DISEASES; MAXILLARY NEOPLASMS; PAIN, POSTOPERATIVE; TRAMADOL;

ANIMALIA; CANIS FAMILIARIS;

EID: 77957300099     PISSN: 00029645     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.71.9.1019     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. American Pain Society. Pain: current understanding of assessment, management, and treatments. Available at: www.ampainsoc.org/ce/downloads/npc/ npc.pdf. Accessed Nov 1, 2008.
2. Smith JD, Allen S, Quandt JE, et al. Indicators of postoperative pain in cats and correlation with clinical criteria. Am J Vet Res 1996;57:1674-1678. (Pubitemid 126449476)
3. Kehlet H, Holte K. Effect of postoperative analgesia on surgical outcome. Br J Anaesth 2001;87:62-72.
4. Shavit Y, Fridel K, Beilin B. Postoperative pain management and proinflammatory cytokines: animal and human studies. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2006;1:443-451.
5. Breivik H, Stubhaug A. Management of acute postoperative pain: still a long way to go! Pain 2008;137:233-234.
6. Keele KD. The pain chart. Lancet 1948;2:6-8.
7. Melzack R. The McGill pain questionnaire: major properties and scoring methods. Pain 1975;1:277-299.
8. Lascelles BD, Butterworth SJ, Waterman AE. Postoperative analgesic and sedative effects of carprofen and pethidine in dogs. Vet Rec 1994;134:187-190.
9. Yazbek KV, Fantoni DT. Validity of a health-related quality-of-life scale for dogs with signs of pain secondary to cancer. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2005;226:1354-1358.
10. Omoigui S. The biochemical origin of pain: the origin of all pain is inflammation and the inflammatory response. Part 2 of 3-inflammatory profile of pain syndromes. Med Hypotheses 2007;69:1169-1178.
11. Grisneaux E, Pibarot P, Dupuis J, et al. Comparison of ketoprofen and carprofen administered prior to orthopedic surgery for control of postoperative pain in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:1105-1110.
12. Mastrocinque S, Fantoni DT. A comparison of preoperative tramadol and morphine for the control of early postoperative pain in canine ovariohysterectomy. Vet Anaesth Analg 2003;30:220-228.
13. Watkins LR, Maier SF, Goehler LE. Immune activation: the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in inflammation, illness responses and pathological pain states. Pain 1995;63:289-302.
14. Lester P, Gaynor JS. Management of cancer pain. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2000;30:951-966.
15. Zhou D, Kusnecov AW, Shurin MR, et al. Exposure to physical and psychological stressors elevates plasma interleukin 6: relationship to the activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Endocrinology 1993;133:2523-2530.
16. Cunha JM, Cunha FQ, Poole S, et al. Cytokine-mediated inflammatory hyperalgesia limited by interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. Br J Pharmacol 2000;130:1418-1424. (Pubitemid 30488609)
17. Vale ML, Marques JB, Moreira CA, et al. Antinoceptive effects of interleukin-4, -10, and -13 on the writhing response in mice and zymosan-induced knee joint incapacitation in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2003;304:102-108.
18. World Health Organization. Cancer pain relief and palliative care. Worth Health Organization Technical Report Series 804. Geneva: Worth Health Organization, 1990.
19. Mathews KA. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics; indications and contraindications for pain management in dogs and cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2000;30:783-804.
20. Dobbins S, Brown NO, Shofer FS. Comparison of the effects of buprenorphine, oxymorphone hydrochloride, and ketoprofen for postoperative analgesia after onychectomy or onychectomy and sterilization in cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2002;38:507-514.
21. Tobias KM, Harvey RC, Byarlay JM. A comparison of four methods of analgesia in cats following ovariohysterectomy. Vet Anaesth Analg 2006;33:390-398.
22. Hudson M, Richard H, Pilote L. Differences in outcomes of patients with congestive heart failure prescribed celecoxib, rofecoxib, or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: population based study. BMJ 2005;330:1370-1373.
23. Caldwell B, Aldington S, Weatherall M, et al. Risk of cardiovascular events and celecoxib: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J R Soc Med 2006;99:132-140.
24. Skingle M, Tyers MB. Further studies on opiate receptors that mediate antinoception: tooth pulp stimulation in the dog. Br J Pharmacol 1980;70:323-327. (Pubitemid 10004550)
25. McMillan CJ, Livingston A, Clark CR, et al. Pharmacokinetics of intravenous tramadol in dogs. Can J Vet Res 2008;72:325-331.
26. Levy M, Zylber-Katz E, Rosenkranz B. Clinical pharmacokinetics of dipyrone and its metabolites. Clin Pharmacokinet 1995;28:216-234.
27. Sánchez S, Alarcón de la Lastra C, Ortiz P, et al. Gastrointestinal tolerability of metamizol, acetaminophen, and diclofenac in subchronic treatment in rats. Dig Dis Sci 2002;47:2791-2798.
28. Chandrasekharan NV, Dai H, Roos KL, et al. COX-3, a cyclooxygenase-1 variant inhibited by acetaminophen and other analgesic/antipyretic drugs: cloning, structure, and expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002;99:13926-13931.
29. Carlsson KH, Monzel W, Jurna I. Depression by morphine and non-opioid analgesic agents, metamizol (dipyrone), lysine acetylsalicylate, and paracetamol, on activity in rat thalamus neurones evoked by electrical stimulation of nociceptive afferents. Pain 1988;32:313-326.
30. Monteiro ER, Junior AR, Assis HM, et al. Comparative study on the sedative effects of morphine, methadone, butorphanol or tramadol, in combination with acepromazine, in dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 2009;36:25-33.
31. Vettorato E, Zonca A, Isola M, et al. Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of intravenous and extradural tramadol in dogs. Vet J 2010;183:310-315.
32. Branson KR, Gross ME. Opioid agonists and antagonists. In: Adams HR, ed. Veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics. 8th ed. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press, 2001;268-298.
33. Otero P. Manejo da dor aguda de origem traumática e cirúrgica. In: Otero PE. Dor avaliação e tratamento de pequenos animais. São Caetano do Sul, SP, Brazil: Interbook, 2005;122-141.
34. Carpenter RE, Marretta SM. Dental patients. In: Tranquilli WJ, Thurmon JC, Grimm KA, eds. Lumb and Jones' veterinary anesthesia and analgesia. 4th ed. Ames, Iowa: Blackwell, 2007;993-995.
35. Lascelles BD, Waterman AE, Cripps PJ, et al. Central sensibilization as a result of surgical pain: investigation of the pre-emptive value of pephidine for ovariohysterectomy in the rat. Pain 1995;62:201-212.
36. Slingsby LS, Lane EC, Waterman-Pearson AE, et al. Postoperative pain after ovariohysterectomy in the cat: a comparison of two anaesthetic regimens. Vet Rec 1998;143:589-590.
37. Imagawa VH. Evaluation of analgesic efficacy of dypirone by the comparison of three different doses in bitches submitted to ovariohysterectomy. Available at: www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5152/tde-06022007-091127. Accessed Feb 15, 2007.
38. Feldman EC, Nelson RW. Canine hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing's syndrome). In: Canine and feline endocrinology and reproduction. 3rd ed. St Louis: WB Saunders Co, 2004;252-357.
39. Slingsby LS, Waterman-Pearson AE. Postoperative analgesia in the cat after ovariohysterectomy by use of carprofen, ketoprofen, meloxicam or tolfenamic acid. J Small Anim Pract 2000;41:447-450.
40. White RAS. Mast cell tumors. In: Dobson JM, Lascelles BDX, eds. BSAVA manual of canine and feline oncology. 2nd ed. Quedgeley, Gloucestershire, England: BSAVA, 2003;161-167.
41. Kosovsky JK, Matthiesen DT, Marretta SM, et al. Results of partial mandibulectomy for the treatment of oral tumors in 142 dogs. Vet Surg 1991;20:397-401.
42. Berg J. Principles of oncologic orofacial surgery. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 1998;13:38-41.
43. Terrell JE, Nanavati K, Esclamado RM, et al. Health impact of head and neck cancer. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999;120:852-859.
44. Wallace J, Matthiesen DT, Patnaik AK. Hemimaxillectomy for the treatment of oral tumors in 69 dogs. Vet Surg 1992;21:337-341.
45. Felizzola CR, Stopiglia AJ, de Araújo VC, et al. Evaluation of a modified hemimandibulectomy for treatment of oral neoplasms in dogs. J Vet Dent 2002;19:127-135.
46. Lantz GC. Regional anesthesia for dentistry and oral surgery. J Vet Dent 2003;20:181-186.
47. Hellyer PW. Minimizing postoperative discomfort in dogs and cats. Vet Med (Praha) 1999;94:259-266.
48. Marucio RL, Luna SP, Neto FJ, et al. Postoperative analgesic effects of epidural administration of neostigmine alone or in combination with morphine in ovariohysterectomized dogs. Am J Vet Res 2008;69:854-860.
49. Slingsby LS, Murison PJ, Goossens L, et al. A comparison between pre-operative carprofen and a long-acting sufentanil formulation for analgesia after ovariohysterectomy in dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 2006;33:313-327. (Pubitemid 44222183)
50. Morton CM, Reid J, Scott EM, et al. Application of a scaling model to establish and validate an interval level pain scale for assessment of acute pain in dogs. Am J Vet Res 2005;66:2154-2166.
51. Bergmann HM, Nolte I, Kramer S. Comparison of analgesic efficacy of preoperative or postoperative carprofen with or without preincisional mepivacaine epidural anesthesia in canine pelvic or femoral fracture repair. Vet Surg 2007;36:623-632.
52. Quinn MM, Keuler NS, Lu Y, et al. Evaluation of agreement between numerical rating scales, visual analogue scoring scales, and force plate gait analysis in dogs. Vet Surg 2007;36:360-367.
53. Fox LE, Geoghegan SL, Davis LH, et al. Owner satisfaction with partial mandibulectomy or maxillectomy for treatment of oral tumors in 27 dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1997;33:25-31.
54. Yonezu H, Wakoh M, Otonari T, et al. Osteoma of mandibular condyle as cause of acute pain and limited-mouth-opening: case report. Bull Tokyo Dent Coll 2007;48:193-197.
55. Bisdas S, Chambron Pinho N, Smolarz A, et al. Biphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaws: CT and MRI spectrum of findings in 32 patients. Clin Radiol 2008;63:71-77.
56. Forrest JB, Cahalan MK, Rehder K, et al. Multicenter study of general anesthesia II. Results. Anesthesiology 1990;72:262-268.
57. Kehlet H. Surgical stress: the role of pain and analgesia. Br J Anaesth 1989;63:189-195.
58. Popilskis S, Kohn DF, Laurent L, et al. Efficacy of epidural morphine versus intravenous morphine for post-thoracotomy pain in dogs. J Vet Anaesth 1993;20:21-28.
59. Benoliel R, Epstein J, Eliav E, et al. Orofacial pain in cancer: part I-mechanisms. J Dent Res 2007;86:491-505.
60. Jean-Baptiste E. Cellular mechanisms in sepsis. J Intensive Care Med 2007;22:63-72.
61. St John MA, Li Y, Zhou X, et al. Interleukin 6 and interleukin 8 as potential biomarkers for oral cavity and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2004;130:929-935.
62. de Lima VM, Peiro JR, de Oliveira Vasconcelos R. IL-6 and TNF alpha production during active canine visceral leishmaniasis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2007;115:189-193. (Pubitemid 44908674)
63. Carvalho B, Clark DJ, Angst MS. Local and systemic release of cytokines, nerve growth factor, prostaglandin E2, and substance P in incisional wounds and serum following cesarean delivery. J Pain 2008;9:650-657.
64. Moeniralam HS, Endert E, Ackermans MT, et al. The opiate sufentanil alters the inflammatory, endocrine, and metabolic responses to endotoxin in dogs. Am J Physiol 1998;275:440-447.
65. Sacerdote P, Bianchi M, Gaspani L, et al. The effects of tramadol and morphine on immune responses and pain after surgery in cancer patients. Anesth Analg 2000;90:1411-1414.
66. Fuentes JM, Talamini MA, Fulton WB, et al. General anesthesia delays the inflammatory response and increases survival for mice with endotoxic shock. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2006;13:281-288.