Performance monitoring local field potentials in the medial frontal cortex of primates: Supplementary eye field

Journal of Neurophysiology

Volumn 104, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 1523-1537

  Emeric, Erik E ^a   Leslie, Melanie ^a   Pouget, Pierre ^a   Schall, Jeffrey D ^a  

^a VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; ELECTRIC POTENTIAL; EVENT RELATED POTENTIAL; FRONTAL CORTEX; GAZE; MACACA; NERVE CELL; NONHUMAN; POLARIZATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESPONSE TIME; SACCADIC EYE MOVEMENT; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TASK PERFORMANCE; VISUAL FIELD;

ANIMALS; FRONTAL LOBE; MACACA RADIATA; MALE; PHOTIC STIMULATION; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; REACTION TIME; SACCADES; VISUAL FIELDS;

EID: 77957196254     PISSN: 00223077     EISSN: 15221598     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/jn.01001.2009     Document Type: Article

References (126)

1. Akkal D, Bioulac B, Audin J, Burbaud P. Comparison of neuronal activity in the rostral supplementary and cingulate motor areas during a task with cognitive and motor demands. Eur J Neurosci 15: 887-904, 2002. (Pubitemid 35463653)
2. Amador N, Fried I. Single-neuron activity in the human supplementary motor area underlying preparation for action. J Neurosurg 100: 250-259, 2004. (Pubitemid 38140228)
3. Amador N, Schlag-Rey M, Schlag J. Reward-predicting and reward-detecting neuronal activity in the primate supplementary eye field. J Neurophysiol 84: 2166-2170, 2000.
4. Amador N, Schlag-Rey M, Schlag J. Primate antisaccade. II. Supplementary eye field neuronal activity predicts correct performance. J Neurophysiol 91: 1672-1689, 2004. (Pubitemid 38339338)
5. Amiez C, Joseph JP, Procyk E. Anterior cingulate error-related activity is modulated by predicted reward. Eur J Neurosci 21: 3447-3452, 2005. (Pubitemid 40961439)
6. Amiez C, Procyk E, HonorÉ J, Sequeira H, Joseph JP. Reward anticipation, cognition, and electrodermal activity in the conditioned monkey. Exp Brain Res 149: 267-275, 2003. (Pubitemid 36384637)
7. Aron AR, Behrens TE, Smith S, Frank MJ, Poldrack RA. Triangulating a cognitive control network using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional MRI. J Neurosci 27: 3743-3752, 2007. (Pubitemid 46557676)
8. Band GPH, Ridderinkhof KR, van der Molen MW. Speed-accuracy modulation in case of conflict: the roles of activation and inhibition. Psychol Res 67: 266-279, 2003.
9. Bekker EM, Overtoom CC, Kenemans JL, Kooij JJ, Noord ID, Buitelaar JK, Verbaten MN. Stopping and changing in adults with ADHD. Psychol Med 35: 807-816, 2005.
10. Bokura H, Yamaguchi S, Kobayashi S. Electrophysiological correlates for response inhibition in a Go/NoGo task. Clin Neurophysiol 112: 2224-2232, 2001. (Pubitemid 33153144)
11. Botvinick MM, Braver TS, Barch DM, Carter CS, Cohen JD. Conflict monitoring and cognitive control. Psychol Rev 108: 624-652, 2001.
12. Botvinick MM, Cohen JD, Carter CS. Conflict monitoring and anterior cingulate cortex: an update. Trends Cogn Sci 8: 539-546, 2004. (Pubitemid 39536251)
13. Boucher L, Palmeri TJ, Logan GD, Schall JD. Inhibitory control in mind and brain: an interactive race model of countermanding saccades. Psychol Rev 114: 376-397, 2007.
14. Boucher L, Stuphorn V, Logan GD, Schall JD, Palmeri TJ. Stopping eye and hand movements: are the processes independent? Percept Psychophys 69: 785-801, 2007.
15. Brázdil M, Roman R, Daniel P, Rektor I. Intracerebral error-related negativity in a simple go/no-go task. J Psychophysiol 19: 244-255, 2005. (Pubitemid 41645435)
16. Brázdil M, Roman R, Falkenstein M, Daniel P, Jurák P, Rektor I. Error processing: evidence from intracerebral ERP recordings. Exp Brain Res 146: 460-466, 2002.
17. Brown JW, Braver TS. Risk prediction and aversion by anterior cingulate cortex. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 7: 266-277, 2007.
18. Brown JW, Hanes DP, Schall JD, Stuphorn V. Relation of frontal eye field activity to saccade initiation during a countermanding task. Exp Brain Res 190: 135-151, 2008.
19. Carter CS, Braver TS, Barch DM, Botvinick MM, Noll D, Cohen JD. Anterior cingulate cortex, error detection, and the online monitoring of performance. Science 280: 747-749, 1998. (Pubitemid 28243351)
20. Cohen JY, Heitz RP, Schall JD, Woodman GF. On the origin of eventrelated potentials indexing covert attentional selection during visual search. J Neurophysiol 102: 2375-2386, 2009.
21. Coles MG, Scheffers MK, Fournier L. Where did you go wrong? Errors, partial errors, and the nature of human information processing. Acta Psychol (Amst) 90: 129-144, 1995.
22. Curtis CE, Cole MW, Rao VY, D'Esposito M. Canceling planned action: an fMRI study of countermanding saccades. Cereb Cortex 15: 1281-1289, 2005. (Pubitemid 41191537)
23. Debener S, Ullsperger M, Siegel M, Fiehler K, von Cramon DY, Engel AK. Trial-by-trial coupling of concurrent electroencephalogram and functional magnetic resonance imaging identifies the dynamics of performance monitoring. J Neurosci 25: 11730-11737, 2005. (Pubitemid 43098465)
24. Dehaene S, Posner M, Tucker D. Localization of a neural system for error detection and compensation. Psych Sci 5: 303-305, 1994.
25. De Jong R, Coles MG, Logan GD. Strategies and mechanisms in nonselective and selective inhibitory motor control. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 21: 498-511, 1995.
26. De Jong R, Coles MG, Logan GD, Gratton G. In search of the point of no return: the control of response processes. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 16: 164-182, 1990.
27. Dias EC, McGinnis T, Smiley JF, Foxe JJ, Schroeder CE, Javitt DC. Changing plans: neural correlates of executive control in monkey and human frontal cortex. Exp Brain Res 174: 279-291, 2006. (Pubitemid 44421105)
28. Dimoska A, Johnstone SJ, Barry RJ. The auditory-evoked N2 and P3 components in the stop-signal task: indices of inhibition, response-conflict or error-detection? Brain Cogn 62: 98-112, 2006. (Pubitemid 44556960)
29. Emeric EE, Brown JW, Boucher L, Carpenter RHS, Hanes DP, Harris R, Logan GD, Mashru RN, Paré M, Pouget P, Stuphorn V, Taylor TL, Schall JD. Influence of history on saccade countermanding performance in humans and macaque monkeys. Vision Res 47: 35-49, 2007.
30. Emeric EE, Brown JW, Leslie M, Pouget P, Stuphorn V, Schall JD. Performance monitoring local field potentials in the medial frontal cortex of primates: anterior cingulate cortex. J Neurophysiol 99: 759-772, 2008. (Pubitemid 351253233)
31. Emeric EE, Stuphorn V, Schall JD. Error-related local field potentials in medial frontal lobe of macaques during saccade countermanding. Soc Neurosci Abstr 79.20, 2003.
32. Endrass T, Franke C, Kathmann N. Error awareness in a saccade countermanding task. J Psychophysiol 19: 275-280, 2005. (Pubitemid 41645439)
33. Endrass T, Reuter B, Kathmann N. ERP correlates of conscious error recognition: aware and unaware errors in an antisaccade task. Eur J Neurosci 26: 1714-1720, 2007. (Pubitemid 47416532)
34. Evdokimidis I, Liakopoulos D, Papageorgiou C. Cortical potentials preceding centrifugal and centripetal self-paced horizontal saccades. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 79: 503-505, 1991.
35. Everling S, Krappmann P, Preuss S, Brand A, Flohr H. Hypometric primary saccades of schizophrenics in a delayed-response task. Exp Brain Res 111: 289-295, 1996. (Pubitemid 26300831)
36. Falkenstein M, Hohnsbein J, Hoormann J, Blanke L. Effects of errors in choice reaction tasks on the ERP under focused and divided attention. In: Psychophysiological Brain Research, edited by Brunia CHM, Gaillard AWK, Kok A. Tilburg, The Netherlands: Tilburg Univ. Press, 1990, p. 192-195.
37. Falkenstein M, Hohnsbein J, Hoormann J, Blanke L. Effects of crossmodal divided attention on late ERP components. II. Error processing in choice reaction tasks. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 78: 447-455, 1991.
38. Fellows LK, Farah MJ. Is anterior cingulate cortex necessary for cognitive control? Brain 128: 788-796, 2005. (Pubitemid 40516916)
39. Fujiwara J, Tobler PN, Taira M, Iijima T, Tsutsui KI. Segregated and integrated coding of reward and punishment in the cingulate cortex. J Neurophysiol 101: 3284-3293, 2009.
40. Garavan H, Ross TJ, Kaufman J, Stein EA. A midline dissociation between error-processing and response-conflict monitoring. NeuroImage 20: 1132-1139, 2003. (Pubitemid 37268131)
41. Garr AK, Emeric EE, Schall JD. Extracranial error-related potential in macaque monkeys during saccade countermanding. Program No. 211.11. 2008 Neuroscience Meeting Planner. Washington, DC: Society for Neuroscience, 2008. Online.
42. Gehring WJ, Fencsik DE. Functions of the medial frontal cortex in the processing of conflict and errors. J Neurosci 21: 9430-9437, 2001.
43. Gehring WJ, Goss B, Coles MGH, Meyer DE, Donchin E. A neural system for error detection and compensation. Psychol Sci 4: 385-390, 1993.
44. Gehring WJ, Liu Y, Orr JM, Carp J. The error-related negativity (ERN/Ne). In: Oxford Handbook of Event-Related Potential Components, edited by Luck SJ, Kappenman E. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2010, p. 100-150.
45. Gehring WJ, Willoughby AR. The medial frontal cortex and the rapid processing of monetary gains and losses. Science 295: 2279-2282, 2002a.
46. Gehring WJ, Willoughby AR. Medial prefrontal cortex and error potentials: response. Science 296: 1610-1611, 2002b. (Pubitemid 34579130)
47. Gemba H, Sasaki K, Brooks VB. "Error" potentials in limbic cortex (anterior cingulate area 24) of monkeys during motor learning. Neurosci Lett 70: 223-227, 1986. (Pubitemid 16019759)
48. Godlove DC. Eye movement artifact may account for putative frontal feedback- related potentials in nonhuman primates. J Neurosci 30: 4187-4189, 2010.
49. Hanes DP, Patterson WF, Schall JD. Role of frontal eye fields in countermanding saccades: visual, movement, and fixation activity. J Neurophysiol 79: 817-834, 1998.
50. Hanes DP, Schall JD. Countermanding saccades in macaque. Vis Neurosci 12: 929-937, 1995.
51. Hanes DP, Schall JD. Neural control of voluntary movement initiation. Science 274: 427-430, 1996.
52. Hanes DP, Thompson KG, Schall JD. Relationship of presaccadic activity in frontal eye field and supplementary eye field to saccade initiation in macaque: Poisson spike train analysis. Exp Brain Res 103: 85-96, 1995.
53. Helmholtz H. Ueber einige gesetze der vertheilung elektrischer ströme in körperlichen leitern mit anwendung auf die thierisch-elektrischen versuche. Ann Physik Chem 89: 211-233, 354-377, 1853.
54. Hester R, Fassbender C, Garavan H. Individual differences in error processing: a review and reanalysis of three event-related fMRI studies using the go/nogo task. Cereb Cortex 14: 986-994, 2004. (Pubitemid 39121360)
55. Holroyd CB, Coles MG. The neural basis of human error processing: reinforcement learning, dopamine, and the error-related negativity. Psychol Rev. 109: 679-709, 2002.
56. Holroyd CB, Dien J, Coles MG. Error-related scalp potentials elicited by hand and foot movements: evidence for an output-independent error-processing system in humans. Neurosci Lett 242: 65-68, 1998. (Pubitemid 28082994)
57. Holroyd CB, Yeung N, Coles MGH, Cohen JD. A mechanism for error detection in speeded response time tasks. J Exp Psychol Gen 134: 163-191, 2005. (Pubitemid 40687790)
58. Huerta MF, Kaas JH. Supplementary eye field as defined by intracortical microstimulation: connections in macaques. J Comp Neurol 293: 299-330, 1990.
59. Huerta MF, Krubitzer LA, Kaas JH. Frontal eye field as defined by intracortical microstimulation in squirrel monkeys, owl monkeys, and macaque monkeys. II. Cortical connections. J Comp Neurol 265: 332-361, 1987.
60. Husain M, Parton A, Hodgson TL, Mort D, Rees G. Self-control during response conflict by human supplementary eye field. Nat Neurosci 6: 117-118, 2003. (Pubitemid 36182779)
61. Ikeda A, Yazawa S, Kunieda T, Ohara S, Terada K, Mikuni N, Nagamine T, Taki W, Kimura J, Shibasaki H. Cognitive motor control in human pre-supplementary motor area studied by subdural recording of discrimination/selection-related potentials. Brain 122: 915-931, 1999. (Pubitemid 29219265)
62. Isoda M, Hikosaka O. Switching from automatic to controlled action by monkey medial frontal cortex. Nat Neurosci 10: 240-248, 2007. (Pubitemid 46174849)
63. Ito S, Stuphorn V, Brown JW, Schall JD. Performance monitoring by the anterior cingulate cortex during saccade countermanding. Science 302: 120-122, 2003. (Pubitemid 37210702)
64. Kay RF, Ross C, Williams BA. Anthropoid origins. Science 275: 797-804, 1997.
65. Kerns JG, Cohen JD, MacDonald AW, Cho RY, Stenger VA, Carter CS. Anterior cingulate conflict monitoring and adjustments in control. Science 303: 1023-1026, 2004. (Pubitemid 38209708)
66. Kok A, Ramautar JR, De Ruiter MB, Band GP, Ridderinkhof KR. ERP components associated with successful and unsuccessful stopping in a stop-signal task. Psychophysiology 41: 9-20, 2004. (Pubitemid 38209024)
67. Lins O, Picton T, Berg P, Scherg M. Ocular artifacts in EEG and eventrelated potentials. I: Scalp topography. Brain Topogr 6: 51-63, 1993. (Pubitemid 23302133)
68. Lo CC, Boucher L, Paré M, Schall JD, Wang XJ. Proactive inhibitory control and attractor dynamics in countermanding action: a spiking neural circuit model. J Neurosci 29: 9059-9071, 2009.
69. Logan GD, Cowan WB. On the ability to inhibit thought and action: a theory of an act of control. Psych Rev 91: 295-327, 1984.
70. Luppino G, Matelli M, Rizzolatti G. Cortico-cortical connections of two electrophysiologically identified arm representations in the mesial agranular frontal cortex. Exp Brain Res 82: 214-218, 1990. (Pubitemid 20321376)
71. Mars RB, Klein MC, Neubert FX, Olivier E, Buch ER, Boorman ED, Rushworth MF. Short-latency influence of medial frontal cortex on primary motor cortex during action selection under conflict. J Neurosci 27: 6926-6931, 2009.
72. Martin RD. Primate origins: plugging the gaps. Nature 363: 223-234, 1993.
73. Matelli M, Luppino G, Rizzolatti G. Architecture of superior and mesial area 6 and the adjacent cingulate cortex in the macaque monkey. J Comp Neurol 311: 445-462, 1991.
74. Matsumoto M, Matsumoto K, Abe H, Tanaka K. Medial prefrontal cell activity signaling prediction errors of action values. Nat Neurosci 10: 647-656, 2007. (Pubitemid 46652446)
75. Miltner W, Baum C, Coles M. Event-related brain potentials following incorrect feedback in a time-estimation task: evidence for a generic neural system for error detection. J Cogn Neurosci 9: 788-798, 1997. (Pubitemid 28025194)
76. Modirrousta M, Fellows LK. Dorsal medial prefrontal cortex plays a necessary role in rapid error prediction in humans. J Neurosci 28: 14000-14005, 2008.
77. Monosov IE, Trageser JC, Thompson KG. Measurements of simultaneously recorded spiking activity and local field potentials suggest that spatial selection emerges in the frontal eye field. Neuron 57: 614-625, 2008.
78. Naito E, Matsumura M. Movement-related potentials associated with motor inhibition as determined by use of a stop signal paradigm in humans. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 2: 139-146, 1994.
79. Nakamura K, Roesch MR, Olson CR. Neuronal activity in macaque SEF and ACC during performance of tasks involving conflict. J Neurophysiol 93: 884-908, 2005.
80. Nieuwenhuis S, Ridderinkhof KR, Blom J, Band GP, Kok A. Error-related brain potentials are differentially related to awareness of response errors: evidence from an antisaccade task. Psychophysiology 38: 752-760, 2001. (Pubitemid 32848137)
81. Niki H, Watanabe M. Prefrontal and cingulate unit activity during timing behavior in the monkey. Brain Res 171: 213-224, 1979. (Pubitemid 10246665)
82. Olson CR. Brain representation of object-centered space in monkeys and humans. Annu Rev Neurosci 26: 331-354, 2003.
83. Paré M, Hanes DP. Controlled movement processing: superior colliculus activity associated with countermanded saccades. J Neurosci 23: 6480-6489, 2003. (Pubitemid 36909874)
84. Parton A, Nachev P, Hodgson TL, Mort D, Thomas D, Ordidge R, Morgan PS, Jackson S, Rees G, Husain M. Role of the human supplementary eye field in the control of saccadic eye movements. Neuropsychologia 45: 997-1008, 2007. (Pubitemid 44958774)
85. Paus T, Otaky N, Caramanos Z, MacDonald D, Zijdenbos A, D'Avirro D, Gutmans D, Holmes C, Tomaiuolo F, Evans AC. In vivo morphometry of the intrasulcal gray matter in the human cingulate, paracingulate, and superior-rostral sulci: hemispheric asymmetries, gender differences and probability maps. J Comp Neurol 376: 664-673, 1996a. (Pubitemid 27009847)
86. Paus T, Tomaiuolo F, Otaky N, MacDonald D, Petrides M, Atlas J, Morris R, Evans AC. Human cingulate and paracingulate sulci: pattern, variability, asymmetry, and probabilistic map. Cereb Cortex 6: 207-214, 1996b. (Pubitemid 26117398)
87. Pfefferbaum A, Ford JM, Weller BJ, Koppell BS. ERPs to response production and inhibition. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 60: 423-434, 1985b.
88. Pierrot-Deseilligny C, Ploner CJ, Muri RM, Gaymard B, Rivaud-Pechoux S. Effects of cortical lesions on saccadic: eye movements in humans. Ann NY Acad Sci 956: 216-229, 2002. (Pubitemid 34457609)
89. Pliszka SR, Liotti M, Woldorff MG. Inhibitory control in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: event-related potentials identify the processing component and timing of an impaired right-frontal responseinhibition mechanism. Biol Psychiatry 48: 238-246, 2000. (Pubitemid 30618996)
90. Pouget P, Emeric EE, Stuphorn V, Reis K, Schall JD. Chronometry of visual responses in frontal eye field, supplementary eye field, and anterior cingulate cortex. J Neurophysiol 94: 2086-2092, 2005. (Pubitemid 41192879)
91. Procyk E, Tanaka YL, Joseph JP. Anterior cingulate activity during routine and non-routine sequential behaviors in macaques. Nat Neurosci 3: 502-508, 2000. (Pubitemid 30495634)
92. Pujol J, López A, Deus J, Cardoner N, Vallejo J, Capdevila A, Paus T. Anatomical variability of the anterior cingulate gyrus and basic dimensions of human personality. NeuroImage 15: 847-855, 2002. (Pubitemid 34852498)
93. Ramautar JR, Kok A, Ridderinkhof KR. Effects of stop-signal probability in the stop-signal paradigm: the N2/P3 complex further validated. Brain Cogn 56: 234-252, 2004. (Pubitemid 39423884)
94. Ramautar JR, Kok A, Ridderinkhof KR. Effects of stop-signal modality on the N2/P3 complex elicited in the stop-signal paradigm. Biol Psychol 72: 96-109, 2006a. (Pubitemid 43331021)
95. Ramautar JR, Slagter HA, Kok A, Ridderinkhof KR. Probability effects in the stop-signal paradigm: the insula and the significance of failed inhibition. Brain Res 1105: 143-154, 2006b. (Pubitemid 44175966)
96. Ray S, Pouget P, Schall JD. Functional distinction between visuomovement and movement neurons in macaque frontal eye field during saccade countermanding. J Neurophysiol 102: 3091-3100, 2009.
97. Sasaki K, Gemba H, Tsujimoto T. Suppression of visually initiated hand movement by stimulation of the prefrontal cortex in the monkey. Brain Res 495: 100-107, 1989. (Pubitemid 19195687)
98. Schall JD. Neuronal activity related to visually guided saccadic eye movements in the supplementary motor area of rhesus monkeys. J Neurophysiol 66: 530-558, 1991a.
99. Schall JD. Neuronal activity related to visually guided saccades in the frontal eye fields of rhesus monkeys: comparison with supplementary eye fields. J Neurophysiol 66: 559-579, 1991b.
100. Schall JD, Boucher L. Executive control of gaze by the frontal lobes. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 7: 396-412, 2007.
101. Schall JD, Morel A, Kaas JH. Topography of supplementary eye field afferents to frontal eye field in macaque: implications for mapping between saccade coordinate systems. Vis Neurosci 10: 385-393, 1993.
102. Scheffers MK, Coles MG, Bernstein P, Gehring WJ, Donchin E. Event-related brain potentials and error-related processing: an analysis of incorrect responses to go and no-go stimuli. Psychophysiology 33: 42-53, 1996. (Pubitemid 26001998)
103. Schiller PH, Chou IH. The effects of frontal eye field and dorsomedial frontal cortex lesions on visually guided eye movements. Nat Neurosci 1: 248-253, 1998.
104. Schiller PH, Chou IH. The effects of anterior arcuate and dorsomedial frontal cortex lesions on visually guided eye movements in the rhesus monkey: 1. Single and sequential targets. Vision Res 40: 1609-1626, 2000. (Pubitemid 30216469)
105. Schlag J, Schlag-Rey M. Unit activity related to spontaneous saccades in frontal dorsomedial cortex of monkey. Exp Brain Res 58: 208-211, 1985. (Pubitemid 15144048)
106. Schlag J, Schlag-Rey M. Evidence for a supplementary eye field. J Neurophysiol 57: 179-200, 1987.
107. Schmajuk M, Liotti M, Busse L, Woldorff MG. Electrophysiological activity underlying inhibitory control processes in normal adults. Neuropsychologia 44: 384-395, 2005. (Pubitemid 41821900)
108. Stahl J, Gibbons H. Dynamics of response-conflict monitoring and individual differences in response control and behavioral control: an electrophysiological investigation using a stop-signal task. Clin Neurophysiol 118: 581-596, 2007. (Pubitemid 46205418)
109. Stanton GB, Bruce CJ, Goldberg ME. Topography of projections to the frontal lobe from the macaque frontal eye fields. J Comp Neurol 330: 286-301, 1993.
110. Stuphorn V, Brown JW, Schall JD. Role of supplementary eye field in saccade initiation: executive not direct control. J Neurophysiol 103: 801-816, 2010.
111. Stuphorn V, Schall JD. Executive control of countermanding saccades by the supplementary eye field. Nat Neurosci 9: 925-931, 2006. (Pubitemid 43980507)
112. Stuphorn V, Taylor TL, Schall JD. Performance monitoring by the supplementary eye field. Nature 408: 857-860, 2000. (Pubitemid 32016095)
113. Taylor SF, Stern ER, Gehring WJ. Neural systems for error monitoring: recent findings and theoretical perspectives. Neuroscientist 13: 160-172, 2007.
114. Tehovnik EJ, Sommer MA, Chou IH, Slocum WM, Schiller PH. Eye fields in the frontal lobes of primates. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 32: 413-448, 2000.
115. van Boxtel GJ, van der Molen MW, Jennings JR, Brunia CH. A psychophysiological analysis of inhibitory motor control in the stop-signal paradigm. Biol Psychol 58: 229-262, 2001.
116. Van Hoesen GW, Morecraft RJ, Vogt BA. Connections of the monkey cingulate cortex. In: Neurobiology of Cingulate Cortex and Limbic Thalamus: A Comprehensive Handbook. Boston, MA: Birkhauser, 1993, p. 249-284.
117. Van't Ent D, Apkarian P. Motoric response inhibition in finger movement and saccadic eye movement: a comparative study. Clin Neurophysiol 110: 1058-1072, 1999.
118. van Veen V, Carter CS. The anterior cingulate as a conflict monitor: fMRI and ERP studies. Physiol Behav 77: 477-482, 2002.
119. Verbruggen F, Logan GD. Response inhibition in the stop-signal paradigm. Trends Cogn Sci 12: 418-424, 2008.
120. Vezoli J, Procyk E. Frontal feedback-related potentials in nonhuman primates: modulation during learning and under haloperidol. J Neurosci 29: 15675-15683, 2009.
121. Wang C, Ulbert I, Schomer DL, Marinkovic K, Halgren E. Responses of human anterior cingulate cortex microdomains to error detection, conflict monitoring, stimulus-response mapping, familiarity, and orienting. J Neurosci 25: 604-613, 2005.
122. Wang Y, Matsuzaka Y, Shima K, Tanji J. Cingulate cortical cells projecting to monkey frontal eye field and primary motor cortex. Neuroreport 15: 1559-1563, 2004. (Pubitemid 38971171)
123. Wong-Lin K, Eckhoff P, Holmes P, Cohen JD. Optimal performance in a countermanding saccade task. Brain Res 1318: 178-187, 2010.
124. Woodman GF, Kang MS, Rossi AF, Schall JD. Nonhuman primate event-related potentials indexing covert shifts of attention. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104: 15111-15116, 2007.
125. Yamamoto J, Ikeda A, Satow T, Matsuhashi M, Baba K, Yamane F, Miyamoto S, Mihara T, Hori T, Taki W, Hashimoto N, Shibasaki H. Human eye fields in the frontal lobe as studied by epicortical recording of movement-related cortical potentials. Brain 127: 873-887, 2004. (Pubitemid 38478532)
126. Yeung N, Botvinick MM, Cohen JD. The neural basis of error detection: conflict monitoring and the error-related negativity. Psychol Rev 111: 931-959, 2004. (Pubitemid 39375082)