메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 136, Issue 651, 2010, Pages 1583-1597

An improved PDF cloud scheme for climate simulations

Author keywords

AGCM; Large scale condensation; Marine boundary layer; Stratus

Indexed keywords

AGCM; ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYERS; ATMOSPHERIC GENERAL CIRCULATION MODELS; BOUNDARY LAYER CLOUDS; CLIMATE SIMULATION; EARTH SIMULATORS; GAUSSIAN PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS; HORIZONTAL RESOLUTION; INVERSION LAYER; LARGE-SCALE CONDENSATION; LIQUID WATER; MARINE BOUNDARY LAYERS; MIXED-BOUNDARY; MIXING LENGTH; STANDARD DEVIATION; STRATUS; TOTAL WATER CONTENT; TURBULENCE SCHEME; TURBULENT KINETIC ENERGY; VERTICAL RESOLUTION;

EID: 77957130017     PISSN: 00359009     EISSN: 1477870X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/qj.660     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (59)

References (60)
  • 2
    • 24144449556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Boundary layer and shallow cumulus clouds in a medium-range forecast of a large-scale weather system
    • Bélair S, Mailhot J, Girard C, Vaillancourt P. 2005. Boundary layer and shallow cumulus clouds in a medium-range forecast of a large-scale weather system. Mon. Weather Rev. 133: 1938-1960.
    • (2005) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.133 , pp. 1938-1960
    • Bélair, S.1    Mailhot, J.2    Girard, C.3    Vaillancourt, P.4
  • 3
    • 0000854326 scopus 로고
    • The vertical distribution of wind and turbulent exchange in a neutral atmosphere
    • Blackadar AK. 1962. The vertical distribution of wind and turbulent exchange in a neutral atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res. 67: 3095-3102.
    • (1962) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.67 , pp. 3095-3102
    • Blackadar, A.K.1
  • 4
    • 0022823261 scopus 로고
    • On the stability of the third-order turbulence closure for the modeling of the stratocumulus topped boundary layer
    • Bougeault P, André J-C. 1986. On the stability of the third-order turbulence closure for the modeling of the stratocumulus topped boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci. 43: 1574-1581.
    • (1986) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.43 , pp. 1574-1581
    • Bougeault, P.1    André, J.-C.2
  • 6
    • 67749120837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observational and model evidence for positive low-level cloud feedback
    • Clement AC, Burgman R, Norris JR. 2009. Observational and model evidence for positive low-level cloud feedback. Science 325: 460-464.
    • (2009) Science , vol.325 , pp. 460-464
    • Clement, A.C.1    Burgman, R.2    Norris, J.R.3
  • 7
    • 0026305596 scopus 로고
    • A scheme for representing cumulus convection in large-scale models
    • Emanuel KA. 1991. A scheme for representing cumulus convection in large-scale models. J. Atmos. Sci. 48: 2313-2335.
    • (1991) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.48 , pp. 2313-2335
    • Emanuel, K.A.1
  • 8
    • 0344433876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and evaluation of a convection scheme for use in climate models
    • Emanuel KA, Živković-Rothman, M. 1999. Development and evaluation of a convection scheme for use in climate models. J. Atmos. Sci. 56: 1766-1782.
    • (1999) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.56 , pp. 1766-1782
    • Emanuel, K.A.1    Živković-Rothman, M.2
  • 10
    • 0037116285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A PDF-based model for boundary layer clouds. Part I: Method andmodel description
    • Golaz J-C, Larson VE, Cotton WR. 2002. A PDF-based model for boundary layer clouds. Part I: Method andmodel description. J. Atmos. Sci. 59: 3540-3551.
    • (2002) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.59 , pp. 3540-3551
    • Golaz, J.-C.1    Larson, V.E.2    Cotton, W.R.3
  • 11
    • 0034233085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropical sensitivity of a coupled model to specified ISCCP low clouds
    • Gordon CT, Rosati A, Gudgel R. 2000. Tropical sensitivity of a coupled model to specified ISCCP low clouds. J. Climate 13: 2239-2260.
    • (2000) J. Climate , vol.13 , pp. 2239-2260
    • Gordon, C.T.1    Rosati, A.2    Gudgel, R.3
  • 15
    • 0033401193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation and sensitivities of frontal clouds simulated by the ECMWF model
    • Klein SA, Jakob C. 1999. Validation and sensitivities of frontal clouds simulated by the ECMWF model. Mon. Weather Rev. 127: 2514-2531.
    • (1999) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.127 , pp. 2514-2531
    • Klein, S.A.1    Jakob, C.2
  • 17
    • 1642381418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic equations for cloud fraction and liquid water, and their relation to filtered density functions
    • Larson VE. 2004. Prognostic equations for cloud fraction and liquid water, and their relation to filtered density functions. J. Atmos. Sci. 61: 338-351.
    • (2004) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.61 , pp. 338-351
    • Larson, V.E.1
  • 18
    • 0026301122 scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of anatmospheric general circulation model to prescribed SST changes: Feedback effects associated with the simulation of cloud optical properties
    • Le TreutH, LiZ-X. 1991. Sensitivity of anatmospheric general circulation model to prescribed SST changes: Feedback effects associated with the simulation of cloud optical properties. Clim. Dyn. 5: 175-187.
    • (1991) Clim. Dyn. , vol.5 , pp. 175-187
    • le Treut, H.1    Li, Z.-X.2
  • 19
    • 0034276838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new boundary layer mixing scheme. Part I: Scheme description and single-column model tests
    • Lock AP, Brown AR, Bush MR, Martin GM, Smith RNB. 2000. A new boundary layer mixing scheme. Part I: Scheme description and single-column model tests. Mon. Weather Rev. 128: 3187-3199.
    • (2000) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.128 , pp. 3187-3199
    • Lock, A.P.1    Brown, A.R.2    Bush, M.R.3    Martin, G.M.4    Smith, R.N.B.5
  • 20
    • 1642308011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new parameterization for shallow cumulus convection and its application to marine subtropical cloudtopped boundary layers. Part II: Regional simulations of marine boundary layer clouds
    • McCaa JR, Bretherton CS. 2004. A new parameterization for shallow cumulus convection and its application to marine subtropical cloudtopped boundary layers. Part II: Regional simulations of marine boundary layer clouds. Mon. Weather Rev. 132: 883-896.
    • (2004) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.132 , pp. 883-896
    • McCaa, J.R.1    Bretherton, C.S.2
  • 22
    • 0001184650 scopus 로고
    • The Gaussian cloud model relations
    • Mellor GL. 1977. The Gaussian cloud model relations. J. Atmos. Sci. 34: 356-358.
    • (1977) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.34 , pp. 356-358
    • Mellor, G.L.1
  • 23
    • 0000265493 scopus 로고
    • A hierarchy of turbulence closure models for planetary boundary layers
    • Mellor GL, Yamada T. 1974. A hierarchy of turbulence closure models for planetary boundary layers. J. Atmos. Sci. 31: 1791-1806.
    • (1974) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.31 , pp. 1791-1806
    • Mellor, G.L.1    Yamada, T.2
  • 24
    • 0020330926 scopus 로고
    • Development of a turbulence closuremodel for geophysical fluid problems
    • Mellor GL, Yamada T. 1982. Development of a turbulence closuremodel for geophysical fluid problems. Rev. Geophys. 20: 851-875.
    • (1982) Rev. Geophys. , vol.20 , pp. 851-875
    • Mellor, G.L.1    Yamada, T.2
  • 26
    • 34249650584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simple diagnostic calculation of marine stratocumulus cloud cover for use in general circulation models
    • DOI:10.1029/2006JD007223
    • Mochizuki T,Miyama T, Awaji T. 2007. A simple diagnostic calculation of marine stratocumulus cloud cover for use in general circulation models. J. Geophys. Res. 112: D06113, DOI:10.1029/2006JD007223.
    • (2007) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.112
    • Mochizuki, T.1    Miyama, T.2    Awaji, T.3
  • 27
    • 0035370277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvement of the Mellor-Yamada turbulence closure model based on large-eddy simulation data
    • Nakanishi M. 2001. Improvement of the Mellor-Yamada turbulence closure model based on large-eddy simulation data. Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 99: 349-378.
    • (2001) Boundary-Layer Meteorol , vol.99 , pp. 349-378
    • Nakanishi, M.1
  • 28
    • 1842731677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An improved Mellor-Yamada level- 3 model with condensation physics: Its design and verification
    • Nakanishi M, Niino H. 2004. An improved Mellor-Yamada level- 3 model with condensation physics: Its design and verification. Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 112: 1-31.
    • (2004) Boundary-Layer Meteorol , vol.112 , pp. 1-31
    • Nakanishi, M.1    Niino, H.2
  • 29
    • 33744492583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An improved Mellor-Yamada level-3 model: Its numerical stability and application to a regional prediction of advection fog
    • Nakanishi M, Niino H. 2006. An improved Mellor-Yamada level-3 model: Its numerical stability and application to a regional prediction of advection fog. Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 119: 397-407.
    • (2006) Boundary-Layer Meteorol , vol.119 , pp. 397-407
    • Nakanishi, M.1    Niino, H.2
  • 30
    • 70450177452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of an improved turbulence closure model for the atmospheric boundary layer
    • Nakanishi M, Niino H. 2009. Development of an improved turbulence closure model for the atmospheric boundary layer. J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn 87: 895-912.
    • (2009) J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn , vol.87 , pp. 895-912
    • Nakanishi, M.1    Niino, H.2
  • 31
    • 0030450057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer
    • Nieuwstadt FTM, Duynkerke PG. 1996. Turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer. Atmos. Res. 40: 111-142.
    • (1996) Atmos. Res. , vol.40 , pp. 111-142
    • Nieuwstadt, F.T.M.1    Duynkerke, P.G.2
  • 35
    • 2442634706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent modification of the Emanuel convective scheme in the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System
    • Peng MS, Ridout JA, Hogan TF. 2004. Recent modification of the Emanuel convective scheme in the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System. Mon. Weather Rev. 132: 1254-1268.
    • (2004) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.132 , pp. 1254-1268
    • Peng, M.S.1    Ridout, J.A.2    Hogan, T.F.3
  • 36
    • 21344480253 scopus 로고
    • A statistical cloud scheme for use in an AGCM
    • Ricard JL, Royer JF. 1993. A statistical cloud scheme for use in an AGCM. Ann. Geophys. 11: 1095-1115.
    • (1993) Ann. Geophys. , vol.11 , pp. 1095-1115
    • Ricard, J.L.1    Royer, J.F.2
  • 37
  • 38
    • 44249118600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Classifying clouds around the globe with the CloudSat radar: 1-year of results
    • DOI:10.1029/2007GL032591
    • Sassen K, Wang Z. 2008. Classifying clouds around the globe with the CloudSat radar: 1-year of results. Geophys. Res. Lett. 35: L04805, DOI:10.1029/2007GL032591.
    • (2008) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.35
    • Sassen, K.1    Wang, Z.2
  • 39
    • 54449089410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A k-distribution-based radiation code and its computational optimization for an atmospheric general circulation model
    • Sekiguchi M, Nakajima T. 2008. A k-distribution-based radiation code and its computational optimization for an atmospheric general circulation model. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 109: 2779-2793.
    • (2008) J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer , vol.109 , pp. 2779-2793
    • Sekiguchi, M.1    Nakajima, T.2
  • 41
    • 0019172686 scopus 로고
    • A cloud parametrization scheme derived from GATE data for use with a numerical model
    • Slingo JM. 1980. A cloud parametrization scheme derived from GATE data for use with a numerical model. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 106: 747-770.
    • (1980) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.106 , pp. 747-770
    • Slingo, J.M.1
  • 42
    • 0023512455 scopus 로고
    • The development and verification of a cloud prediction scheme for the ECMWF model
    • Slingo JM. 1987. The development and verification of a cloud prediction scheme for the ECMWF model. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 113: 899-927.
    • (1987) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.113 , pp. 899-927
    • Slingo, J.M.1
  • 44
    • 0025204961 scopus 로고
    • A scheme for predicting layer clouds and their water content in a general circulation model
    • Smith RNB. 1990. A scheme for predicting layer clouds and their water content in a general circulation model. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 116: 435-460.
    • (1990) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.116 , pp. 435-460
    • Smith, R.N.B.1
  • 45
    • 0001530069 scopus 로고
    • Subgrid-scale condensation in models of nonprecipitating clouds
    • Sommeria G,Deardorff JW. 1977. Subgrid-scale condensation in models of nonprecipitating clouds. J. Atmos. Sci. 34: 344-355.
    • (1977) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.34 , pp. 344-355
    • Sommeria, G.1    Deardorff, J.W.2
  • 46
    • 0036608416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Boundary layer clouds in a global atmospheric model: Simple cloud cover parameterizations
    • Teixeira J, Hogan TF. 2002. Boundary layer clouds in a global atmospheric model: Simple cloud cover parameterizations. J. Climate 15: 1261-1276.
    • (2002) J. Climate , vol.15 , pp. 1261-1276
    • Teixeira, J.1    Hogan, T.F.2
  • 47
    • 36148999361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SST sensitivity of a global ocean-atmosphere coupled system to the parameterization of boundary layer clouds
    • Teixeira J, May P, Flatau M, Hogan TF. 2008. SST sensitivity of a global ocean-atmosphere coupled system to the parameterization of boundary layer clouds. J. Mar. Syst. 69: 29-36.
    • (2008) J. Mar. Syst. , vol.69 , pp. 29-36
    • Teixeira, J.1    May, P.2    Flatau, M.3    Hogan, T.F.4
  • 49
    • 0038614658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new high-resolution blended real-time global sea surface temperature analysis
    • Thiébaux J, Rogers E, Wang W, Katz B. 2003. A new high-resolution blended real-time global sea surface temperature analysis. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 84: 645-656.
    • (2003) Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.84 , pp. 645-656
    • Thiébaux, J.1    Rogers, E.2    Wang, W.3    Katz, B.4
  • 50
    • 0037096559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prognostic parameterization for the subgridscale variability of water vapor and clouds in large-scale models and its use to diagnose cloud cover
    • Tompkins AM. 2002. A prognostic parameterization for the subgridscale variability of water vapor and clouds in large-scale models and its use to diagnose cloud cover. J. Atmos. Sci. 59: 1917-1942.
    • (2002) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.59 , pp. 1917-1942
    • Tompkins, A.M.1
  • 51
    • 0035359933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An explicit simulation of tropical cyclones with a triply nested movable mesh primitive equation model: TCM3. Part I: Model description and control experiment
    • Wang Y. 2001. An explicit simulation of tropical cyclones with a triply nested movable mesh primitive equation model: TCM3. Part I: Model description and control experiment. Mon. Weather Rev. 129: 1370-1394.
    • (2001) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.129 , pp. 1370-1394
    • Wang, Y.1
  • 52
    • 1642381321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional model simulations of marine boundary layer clouds over the southeast Pacific off South America. Part I: Control experiment
    • Wang Y, Xie S-P, Xu H, Wang B. 2004. Regional model simulations of marine boundary layer clouds over the southeast Pacific off South America. Part I: Control experiment. Mon. Weather Rev. 132: 274-296.
    • (2004) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.132 , pp. 274-296
    • Wang, Y.1    Xie, S.-P.2    Xu, H.3    Wang, B.4
  • 53
    • 0034791589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combining ERBE and ISCCP data to assess clouds in the Hadley Centre, ECMWF and LMD atmospheric climate models
    • Webb MJ, Senior C, Bony S, Morcrette J-J. 2001. Combining ERBE and ISCCP data to assess clouds in the Hadley Centre, ECMWF and LMD atmospheric climate models. Clim. Dyn. 17: 905-922.
    • (2001) Clim. Dyn. , vol.17 , pp. 905-922
    • Webb, M.J.1    Senior, C.2    Bony, S.3    Morcrette, J.-J.4
  • 55
    • 33646376603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial variability of liquid water path in marine low cloud: The importance of mesoscale cellular convection
    • Wood R, Hartmann DL. 2006. Spatial variability of liquid water path in marine low cloud: The importance of mesoscale cellular convection. J. Climate 19: 1748-1764.
    • (2006) J. Climate. , vol.19 , pp. 1748-1764
    • Wood, R.1    Hartmann, D.L.2
  • 57
    • 1642383787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of the Andes on eastern Pacific climate: A regional atmospheric model study
    • Xu H, Wang Y, Xie S-P. 2004. Effects of the Andes on eastern Pacific climate: A regional atmospheric model study. J. Climate 17: 589-602.
    • (2004) J. Climate , vol.17 , pp. 589-602
    • Xu, H.1    Wang, Y.2    Xie, S.-P.3
  • 58
    • 0030357842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asemiempirical cloudiness parameterization for use in climate models
    • Xu K, M, Randall DA. 1996.Asemiempirical cloudiness parameterization for use in climate models. J. Atmos. Sci. 53: 3084-3102.
    • (1996) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.53 , pp. 3084-3102
    • Xu, K.-M.1    Randall, D.A.2
  • 59
    • 10844264060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calculation of radiative fluxes from the surface to top of atmosphere based on ISCCP and other global data sets: Refinements of the radiative transfer model and the input data
    • DOI:10.1029/2003JD004457
    • Zhang Y, Rossow WB, Lacis AA, Oinas V, Mishchenko MI. 2004. Calculation of radiative fluxes from the surface to top of atmosphere based on ISCCP and other global data sets: Refinements of the radiative transfer model and the input data. J. Geophys. Res. 109: D19105, DOI:10.1029/2003JD004457.
    • (2004) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.109
    • Zhang, Y.1    Rossow, W.B.2    Lacis, A.A.3    Oinas, V.4    Mishchenko, M.I.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.