메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 16, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 1776-1783

Vibrational energy nediates charge separation in organic photovoltaic materials

Author keywords

Charge carrier processes; photovoltaic cell materials; spectroscopy; ultrafast optics

Indexed keywords

[CARBONYL; BUTYRIC ACIDS; CHARGE CARRIER PROCESS; CHARGE SEPARATION PROCESS; CHARGE SEPARATIONS; CHARGE TRANSFER STATE; CHARGE-SEPARATED STATE; COULOMBIC POTENTIALS; ELECTRON-ACCEPTING; ELECTRON-TRANSFER REACTIONS; FUNCTIONALIZED; HOT CHARGE; MEH-PPV; METHOXY; METHYL ESTERS; ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAICS; PHOTO-INDUCED ELECTRON TRANSFER; PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL MATERIALS; RADIAL VARIATIONS; SHALLOW TRAPS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT MEASUREMENTS; TIME EVOLUTIONS; TIME-SCALES; ULTRAFAST OPTICS; ULTRAFAST TIMESCALES; ULTRAFAST VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; VIBRATIONAL ENERGIES; VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCIES;

EID: 77957123073     PISSN: 1077260X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2010.2041751     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (13)

References (46)
  • 1
    • 2642521445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organic photovoltaics: Technology and market
    • C. J. Brabec, "Organic photovoltaics: Technology and market, " Solar Energy Mater. Solar Cells, vol. 83, pp. 273-292, 2004.
    • (2004) Solar Energy Mater. Solar Cells , vol.83 , pp. 273-292
    • Brabec, C.J.1
  • 2
    • 19944419127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Production aspects of organic photovoltaics and their impact on the commercialization of devices
    • C. J. Brabec, J. A. Hauch, P. Schilinsky, and C. Waldauf, "Production aspects of organic photovoltaics and their impact on the commercialization of devices, " Mater. Res. Soc. Bull., vol. 30, pp. 50-52, 2005.
    • (2005) Mater. Res. Soc. Bull. , vol.30 , pp. 50-52
    • Brabec, C.J.1    Hauch, J.A.2    Schilinsky, P.3    Waldauf, C.4
  • 3
    • 26844438506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermally stable, efficient polymer solar cells with nanoscale control of the interpenetrating network morphology
    • W. Ma, C. Yang, Z. Gong, K. Lee, and A. J. Heeger, "Thermally stable, efficient polymer solar cells with nanoscale control of the interpenetrating network morphology, " Adv. Funct. Mater., vol. 15, pp. 1617-1622, 2005.
    • (2005) Adv. Funct. Mater. , vol.15 , pp. 1617-1622
    • Ma, W.1    Yang, C.2    Gong, Z.3    Lee, K.4    Heeger, A.J.5
  • 4
    • 33644634092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-efficiency solution processable polymer photovoltaic cells by self-organization of polymer blends
    • G. Li, V. Shrotriya, J. Huang, Y. Yao, T. Moriarty, K. Emery, and Y. Yang, "High-efficiency solution processable polymer photovoltaic cells by self-organization of polymer blends, " Nat. Mater., vol. 4, pp. 864-868, 2005.
    • (2005) Nat. Mater. , vol.4 , pp. 864-868
    • Li, G.1    Shrotriya, V.2    Huang, J.3    Yao, Y.4    Moriarty, T.5    Emery, K.6    Yang, Y.7
  • 5
    • 13144282747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A hybrid planar-mixed molecular heterojunction photovoltaic cell
    • J. Xue, B. P. Rand, S. Uchida, and S. R. Forrest, "A hybrid planar-mixed molecular heterojunction photovoltaic cell, " Adv. Mater., vol. 17, pp. 66-71, 2005.
    • (2005) Adv. Mater. , vol.17 , pp. 66-71
    • Xue, J.1    Rand, B.P.2    Uchida, S.3    Forrest, S.R.4
  • 6
    • 24344458529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-efficiency photovoltaic devices based on annealed poly (3-hexylthiophene) and 1- (3-methoxycarbonyl)-propyl-1-phenyl- (6, 6) C61 blends
    • M. Reyes-Reyes, K. Kim, and D. L. Carroll, "High-efficiency photovoltaic devices based on annealed poly (3-hexylthiophene) and 1- (3-methoxycarbonyl)-propyl-1-phenyl- (6, 6) C61 blends, " Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 87, pp. 083506-1-083506-3, 2005.
    • (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett. , vol.87 , pp. 0835061-0835063
    • Reyes-Reyes, M.1    Kim, K.2    Carroll, D.L.3
  • 7
    • 33645297374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Charge transport and photocurrent generation in poly (3-hexylthiophene): Methanofullerene bulk-heterojunction solar cells
    • V. D. Mihailetchi, H. Xie, B. de Boer, L. J. A. Koster, and P. W. M. Blom, "Charge transport and photocurrent generation in poly (3-hexylthiophene): Methanofullerene bulk-heterojunction solar cells, " Adv. Funct. Mater., vol. 16, pp. 699-708, 2006.
    • (2006) Adv. Funct. Mater. , vol.16 , pp. 699-708
    • Mihailetchi, V.D.1    Xie, H.2    De Boer, B.3    Koster, L.J.A.4    Blom, P.W.M.5
  • 9
    • 37549043530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymer-fullerene composite solar cells
    • B. C. Thompson and J. M. J. Frechet, "Polymer-fullerene composite solar cells, " Angew. Chem. Ind. Ed., vol. 47, pp. 58-77, 2008.
    • (2008) Angew. Chem. Ind. Ed. , vol.47 , pp. 58-77
    • Thompson, B.C.1    Frechet, J.M.J.2
  • 10
    • 34248396741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conjugated polymer-based organic solar cells
    • S. Gunes, H. Neugebauer, and N. S. Sariciftci, "Conjugated polymer-based organic solar cells, " Chem. Rev., vol. 107, pp. 1324-1338, 2007.
    • (2007) Chem. Rev. , vol.107 , pp. 1324-1338
    • Gunes, S.1    Neugebauer, H.2    Sariciftci, N.S.3
  • 11
    • 33846264087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Charge carrier photogeneration and transport properties of a novel low-bandgap conjugated polymer for organic photovoltaics
    • C. Soci, I.-W. Hwang, C. Yang, D. Moses, Z. Zhu, D. Waller, R. Gaudiana, C. J. Brabec, and A. J. Heeger, "Charge carrier photogeneration and transport properties of a novel low-bandgap conjugated polymer for organic photovoltaics, " Proc. SPIE, vol. 6334, pp. 63340D-1-63340D-11, 2006.
    • (2006) Proc. SPIE , vol.6334
    • Soci, C.1    Hwang, I.-W.2    Yang, C.3    Moses, D.4    Zhu, Z.5    Waller, D.6    Gaudiana, R.7    Brabec, C.J.8    Heeger, A.J.9
  • 14
    • 11444257634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Donor-mediated band gap reduction in a homologous series of conjugated polymers
    • C. A. Thomas, K. Zong, K. A. Abboud, P. J. Steel, and J. R. Reynolds, "Donor-mediated band gap reduction in a homologous series of conjugated polymers, " J. Amer. Chem. Soc., vol. 126, pp. 16440-16450, 2004.
    • (2004) J. Amer. Chem. Soc. , vol.126 , pp. 16440-16450
    • Thomas, C.A.1    Zong, K.2    Abboud, K.A.3    Steel, P.J.4    Reynolds, J.R.5
  • 16
    • 33749534699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soluble narrow band gap and blue propylenedioxythiophene-cyanovinylene polymers as multifunctional materials for photovoltaic and electrochromic applications
    • B. C. Thompson, Y.-G. Kim, T. D. McCarley, and J. R. Reynolds, "Soluble narrow band gap and blue propylenedioxythiophene-cyanovinylene polymers as multifunctional materials for photovoltaic and electrochromic applications, " J. Amer. Chem. Soc., vol. 128, pp. 12714-12725, 2006.
    • (2006) J. Amer. Chem. Soc. , vol.128 , pp. 12714-12725
    • Thompson, B.C.1    Kim, Y.-G.2    McCarley, T.D.3    Reynolds, J.R.4
  • 17
    • 23844536543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extended photocurrent spectrum of a low band gap polymer in a bulk heterojunction solar cell
    • L. M. Campos, A. Tontcheva, S. Gunes, G. Sonmez, H. Neugebauer, N. S. Sariciftci, and F. Wudl, "Extended photocurrent spectrum of a low band gap polymer in a bulk heterojunction solar cell, " Chem. Mater., vol. 17, pp. 4031-4033, 2005.
    • (2005) Chem. Mater. , vol.17 , pp. 4031-4033
    • Campos, L.M.1    Tontcheva, A.2    Gunes, S.3    Sonmez, G.4    Neugebauer, H.5    Sariciftci, N.S.6    Wudl, F.7
  • 18
    • 49449095269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small bandgap polymers for organic solar cells (polymer material development in the last 5 years)
    • R. Kroon, M. Lenes, J. C. Hummelen, P. W. M. Blom, and B. de Boer, "Small bandgap polymers for organic solar cells (polymer material development in the last 5 years), " Polym. Rev., vol. 48, pp. 531-582, 2008.
    • (2008) Polym. Rev. , vol.48 , pp. 531-582
    • Kroon, R.1    Lenes, M.2    Hummelen, J.C.3    Blom, P.W.M.4    De Boer, B.5
  • 19
    • 55849117366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High photovoltage acheived in low band gap polymer solar cells by adjusting energy levels of a polymer with the LUMOs of fullerene derivatives
    • F. Zhang, J. Bijleveld, E. Perzon, K. Tvingstedt, S. Barrau, O. Inganas, and M. R. Andersson, "High photovoltage acheived in low band gap polymer solar cells by adjusting energy levels of a polymer with the LUMOs of fullerene derivatives, " J. Mater. Chem., vol. 18, pp. 5468-5474, 2008.
    • (2008) J. Mater. Chem. , vol.18 , pp. 5468-5474
    • Zhang, F.1    Bijleveld, J.2    Perzon, E.3    Tvingstedt, K.4    Barrau, S.5    Inganas, O.6    Andersson, M.R.7
  • 20
    • 66549107362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regioregular oligomer and polymer containing thieno[3, 4]thiophene moiety for efficient organic solar cells
    • Y. Liang, D. Feng, J. Guo, J. M. Szarko, C. Ray, L. X. Chen, and L. Yu, "Regioregular oligomer and polymer containing thieno[3, 4]thiophene moiety for efficient organic solar cells, " Macromolecules, vol. 42, pp. 1091-1098, 2009.
    • (2009) Macromolecules , vol.42 , pp. 1091-1098
    • Liang, Y.1    Feng, D.2    Guo, J.3    Szarko, J.M.4    Ray, C.5    Chen, L.X.6    Yu, L.7
  • 22
    • 57849118804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Free energy control of charge photogeneration in polythiophene/fullerene solar cells: The influence of thermal annealing on P3HT/PCBM blends
    • T. M. Clarke, A. M. Ballantyne, J. Nelson, D. D. C. Bradley, and J. R. Durrant, "Free energy control of charge photogeneration in polythiophene/fullerene solar cells: The influence of thermal annealing on P3HT/PCBM blends, " Adv. Funct. Mater., vol. 18, pp. 4029-4035, 2008.
    • (2008) Adv. Funct. Mater. , vol.18 , pp. 4029-4035
    • Clarke, T.M.1    Ballantyne, A.M.2    Nelson, J.3    Bradley, D.D.C.4    Durrant, J.R.5
  • 23
    • 5744248609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Separation of geminate charge-pairs at donor-acceptor interfaces in disordered solids
    • P. Peumans and S. R. Forrest, "Separation of geminate charge-pairs at donor-acceptor interfaces in disordered solids, " Chem. Phys. Lett., vol. 398, pp. 27-31, 2004.
    • (2004) Chem. Phys. Lett. , vol.398 , pp. 27-31
    • Peumans, P.1    Forrest, S.R.2
  • 24
    • 8444253711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coulomb forces and doping in organic semiconductors
    • B. A. Gregg, S.-G. Chen, and R. A. Cormier, "Coulomb forces and doping in organic semiconductors, " Chem. Mater., vol. 16, pp. 4586-4599, 2004.
    • (2004) Chem. Mater. , vol.16 , pp. 4586-4599
    • Gregg, B.A.1    Chen, S.-G.2    Cormier, R.A.3
  • 25
    • 72849108485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular understanding of organic solar cells: The challenges
    • J.-L. Bredas, J. E. Norton, J. Cornil, and V. Coropceanu, "Molecular understanding of organic solar cells: The challenges, " Acc. Chem. Res., vol. 42, pp. 1691-1699, 2009.
    • (2009) Acc. Chem. Res. , vol.42 , pp. 1691-1699
    • Bredas, J.-L.1    Norton, J.E.2    Cornil, J.3    Coropceanu, V.4
  • 26
    • 37549057382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Watching electrons move in real time: Ultrafast infrared spectroscopy of a polymer blend photovoltaic material
    • L. W. Barbour, M. Hegadorn, and J. B. Asbury, "Watching electrons move in real time: Ultrafast infrared spectroscopy of a polymer blend photovoltaic material, " J. Amer. Chem. Soc., vol. 129, pp. 15884-15894, 2007.
    • (2007) J. Amer. Chem. Soc. , vol.129 , pp. 15884-15894
    • Barbour, L.W.1    Hegadorn, M.2    Asbury, J.B.3
  • 27
    • 64549098686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrafast vibrational spectroscopy of charge carrier dynamics in organic photovoltaic materials
    • R. D. Pensack, K. M. Banyas, L. W. Barbour, M. Hegadorn, and J. B. Asbury, "Ultrafast vibrational spectroscopy of charge carrier dynamics in organic photovoltaic materials, " Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., vol. 11, pp. 2575-2591, 2009.
    • (2009) Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. , vol.11 , pp. 2575-2591
    • Pensack, R.D.1    Banyas, K.M.2    Barbour, L.W.3    Hegadorn, M.4    Asbury, J.B.5
  • 28
    • 62249162246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vibrational solvatochromism and electrochromism: Coarsegrained models and their relationships
    • M. Cho, "Vibrational solvatochromism and electrochromism: Coarsegrained models and their relationships, " J. Chem. Phys., vol. 130, pp. 094505-1-094505-15, 2009.
    • (2009) J. Chem. Phys. , vol.130 , pp. 0945051-09450515
    • Cho, M.1
  • 29
    • 0037030845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origins of the sensitivity of molecular vibrations to electric fields: Carbonyl and nitrosyl stretches in model compounds and proteins
    • E. S. Park and S. G. Boxer, "Origins of the sensitivity of molecular vibrations to electric fields: Carbonyl and nitrosyl stretches in model compounds and proteins, " J. Phys. Chem. B, vol. 106, pp. 5800-5806, 2002.
    • (2002) J. Phys. Chem. B , vol.106 , pp. 5800-5806
    • Park, E.S.1    Boxer, S.G.2
  • 30
    • 70450195892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Barrierless free carrier formation in an organic photovoltaic material measured with ultrafast vibrational spectroscopy
    • R. D. Pensack and J. B. Asbury, "Barrierless free carrier formation in an organic photovoltaic material measured with ultrafast vibrational spectroscopy, " J. Amer. Chem. Soc., vol. 131, pp. 15986-15987, 2009.
    • (2009) J. Amer. Chem. Soc. , vol.131 , pp. 15986-15987
    • Pensack, R.D.1    Asbury, J.B.2
  • 31
    • 77950216947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Charge trapping in organic photovoltaic materials examined with time resolved vibrational spectroscopy
    • R. D. Pensack, K. M. Banyas, and J. B. Asbury, "Charge trapping in organic photovoltaic materials examined with time resolved vibrational spectroscopy, " J. Phys. Chem. C, vol. 114, pp. ASAP, 2010.
    • (2010) J. Phys. Chem. C , vol.114
    • Pensack, R.D.1    Banyas, K.M.2    Asbury, J.B.3
  • 32
    • 42649093875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Excitation transport and charge separation in an organic photovoltaic material: Watching excitations diffuse to interfaces
    • L. W. Barbour, R. D. Pensack, M. Hegadorn, S. Arzhantsev, and J. B. Asbury, "Excitation transport and charge separation in an organic photovoltaic material: Watching excitations diffuse to interfaces, " J. Phys. Chem. C, vol. 112, pp. 3926-3934, 2008.
    • (2008) J. Phys. Chem. C , vol.112 , pp. 3926-3934
    • Barbour, L.W.1    Pensack, R.D.2    Hegadorn, M.3    Arzhantsev, S.4    Asbury, J.B.5
  • 33
    • 0030624708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stark spectroscopy: Applications in chemistry, biology, and materials science
    • G. U. Bublitz and S. G. Boxer, "Stark spectroscopy: Applications in chemistry, biology, and materials science, " Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem., vol. 48, pp. 213-242, 1997.
    • (1997) Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem. , vol.48 , pp. 213-242
    • Bublitz, G.U.1    Boxer, S.G.2
  • 34
    • 27744526374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrostatic DFT map for the complete vibrational amide band of NMA
    • T. Hayashi, W. Zhuang, and S. Mukamel, "Electrostatic DFT map for the complete vibrational amide band of NMA, " J. Phys. Chem. A, vol. 109, pp. 9747-9759, 2005.
    • (2005) J. Phys. Chem. A , vol.109 , pp. 9747-9759
    • Hayashi, T.1    Zhuang, W.2    Mukamel, S.3
  • 35
    • 31544436644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A transferable electrostatic map for solvation effects on amide I vibrations and its application to linear and two-dimensional spectroscopy
    • T. la Cour Jansen and J. Knoester, "A transferable electrostatic map for solvation effects on amide I vibrations and its application to linear and two-dimensional spectroscopy, " J. Chem. Phys., vol. 124, pp. 044502-1-044502-11, 2006.
    • (2006) J. Chem. Phys. , vol.124 , pp. 0445021-04450211
    • La Cour, T.J.1    Knoester, J.2
  • 36
    • 24944462457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solvent effect on infrared spectra of 1, 3-indanedione in organic solvents
    • N. Tekin, H. Namli, and O. Turhan, "Solvent effect on infrared spectra of 1, 3-indanedione in organic solvents, " Vibr. Spec., vol. 39, pp. 214-219, 2005.
    • (2005) Vibr. Spec. , vol.39 , pp. 214-219
    • Tekin, N.1    Namli, H.2    Turhan, O.3
  • 37
    • 41649116317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DFT-based linear solvation energy relationships for the infrared spectral shifts of acetone in polar and nonpolar organic solvents
    • C. M. Chang, "DFT-based linear solvation energy relationships for the infrared spectral shifts of acetone in polar and nonpolar organic solvents, " J. Phys. Chem. A, vol. 112, pp. 2482-2488, 2008.
    • (2008) J. Phys. Chem. A , vol.112 , pp. 2482-2488
    • Chang, C.M.1
  • 38
    • 55849143969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Azido-derivatized compounds as IR probes of local electrostatic environment: Theoretical studies
    • J.-H. Choi, K.-I. Oh, and M. Cho, "Azido-derivatized compounds as IR probes of local electrostatic environment: Theoretical studies, " J. Chem. Phys., vol. 129, pp. 174512-1-174512-11, 2008.
    • (2008) J. Chem. Phys. , vol.129 , pp. 1745121-17451211
    • Choi, J.-H.1    Oh, K.-I.2    Cho, M.3
  • 39
    • 14844360343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-range electron transfer
    • H. B. Gray and J. R. Winkler, "Long-range electron transfer, " Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 102, pp. 3534-3539, 2005.
    • (2005) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.102 , pp. 3534-3539
    • Gray, H.B.1    Winkler, J.R.2
  • 40
    • 33846980742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental determination of the charge/neutral braning ration in the photoexcitation of pi-conjugated polymers by broadband ultrafast spectroscopy
    • C.-X. Sheng, M. Tong, S. Singh, and Z. V. Vardeny, "Experimental determination of the charge/neutral braning ration in the photoexcitation of pi-conjugated polymers by broadband ultrafast spectroscopy, " Phys. Rev. B, vol. 75, pp. 085206-1-085206-7, 2007.
    • (2007) Phys. Rev. B , vol.75 , pp. 0852061-0852067
    • Sheng, C.-X.1    Tong, M.2    Singh, S.3    Vardeny, Z.V.4
  • 41
    • 33845374399 scopus 로고
    • Hydrogen bonding in polymers. 2. Infrared temperature studies of nylon 11
    • D. J. Skrovanek, P. C. Painter, and M. M. Coleman, "Hydrogen bonding in polymers. 2. Infrared temperature studies of nylon 11, " Macromolecules, vol. 19, pp. 699-705, 1986.
    • (1986) Macromolecules , vol.19 , pp. 699-705
    • Skrovanek, D.J.1    Painter, P.C.2    Coleman, M.M.3
  • 42
    • 42449087828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photoinduced carrier generation in P3HT/PCBM bulk heterojunction materials
    • I.-W. Hwang, D. Moses, and A. J. Heeger, "Photoinduced carrier generation in P3HT/PCBM bulk heterojunction materials, " J. Phys. Chem. C, vol. 112, pp. 4350-4354, 2008.
    • (2008) J. Phys. Chem. C , vol.112 , pp. 4350-4354
    • Hwang, I.-W.1    Moses, D.2    Heeger, A.J.3
  • 43
    • 33846056127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microscopic inhomogeneity and ultrafast orientational motion in an organic photovoltaic bulk heterojunction thin film studied with 2D IR vibrational spectroscopy
    • L. W. Barbour, M. Hegadorn, and J. B. Asbury, "Microscopic inhomogeneity and ultrafast orientational motion in an organic photovoltaic bulk heterojunction thin film studied with 2D IR vibrational spectroscopy, " J. Phys. Chem. B, vol. 110, pp. 24281-24286, 2006.
    • (2006) J. Phys. Chem. B , vol.110 , pp. 24281-24286
    • Barbour, L.W.1    Hegadorn, M.2    Asbury, J.B.3
  • 44
    • 47949114965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Below-gap excitation of pi-conjugated polymer-fullerene blends: Implications for bulk organic heterojunction solar cells
    • T. Drori, C.-X. Sheng, A. Ndobe, S. Singh, J. Holt, and Z. V. Vardeny, "Below-gap excitation of pi-conjugated polymer-fullerene blends: Implications for bulk organic heterojunction solar cells, " Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 101, pp. 037401-1-037401-4, 2008.
    • (2008) Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol.101 , pp. 0374011-0374014
    • Drori, T.1    Sheng, C.-X.2    Ndobe, A.3    Singh, S.4    Holt, J.5    Vardeny, Z.V.6
  • 45
    • 59649107183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From short to long-optical and electrical transients in photovoltaic bulk heterojunctions of polyfluorene/fullerenes
    • L. M. Andersson and O. Inganas, "From short to long-optical and electrical transients in photovoltaic bulk heterojunctions of polyfluorene/fullerenes, " Chem. Phys., vol. 357, pp. 120-123, 2009.
    • (2009) Chem. Phys. , vol.357 , pp. 120-123
    • Andersson, L.M.1    Inganas, O.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.