Targeting anthracyclines in early breast cancer: New candidate predictive biomarkers emerge

Oncogene

Volumn 29, Issue 38, 2010, Pages 5231-5240

  Munro, A F ^a   Cameron, D A ^a   Bartlett, J M S ^a  

^a WESTERN GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

anthracyclines; breast cancer; HER2; TOP2A

Indexed keywords

ANTHRACYCLINE DERIVATIVE; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; DNA TOPOISOMERASE; DOXORUBICIN; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR 2; EPIRUBICIN; FLUOROURACIL; METHOTREXATE; TOPOISOMERASE 2A; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; ANTHRACYCLINE; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT;

ADJUVANT THERAPY; BREAST CANCER; CANCER COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER GRADING; CENTROMERE; CHROMOSOME 17; CLINICAL TRIAL; DISEASE MARKER; DNA DAMAGE; DNA REPAIR; DRUG ELIMINATION; DRUG TARGETING; EARLY CANCER; HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT; BREAST NEOPLASMS; CELL PROLIFERATION; FEMALE; GENETICS; PATHOLOGY; PROTO ONCOGENE;

ANTHRACYCLINES; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; BREAST NEOPLASMS; CELL PROLIFERATION; CHROMOSOMES, HUMAN, PAIR 17; DNA DAMAGE; FEMALE; GENES, ERBB-2; HUMANS;

EID: 77957120408     PISSN: 09509232     EISSN: 14765594     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.286     Document Type: Review

References (92)

1. Aas T, Borresen AL, Geisler S, Smith-Sorensen B, Johnsen H, Varhaug JE et al. (1996). Specific P53 mutations are associated with de novo resistance to doxorubicin in breast cancer patients. Nat Med 2: 811-814.
2. Andersen CL, Monni O, Wagner U, Kononen J, Barlund M, Bucher C et al. (2002). High-throughput copy number analysis of 17q23 in 3520 tissue specimens by fluorescence in situ hybridization to tissue microarrays. Am J Pathol 161: 73-79.
3. Arriola E, Marchio C, Tan DSP, Drury SC, Lambros MB, Natrajan R et al. (2008). Genomic analysis of the HER2//TOP2A amplicon in breast cancer and breast cancer cell lines. Lab Invest 88: 491-503.
4. Bartlett J, Munro A, Dunn J, Hiller L, Jordan S, Twelves C et al. (2009a). Chromosome 17 polysomy (Ch17) as a predictor of anthracycline response: emerging evidence from the UK NEAT adjuvant breast cancer trial. Cancer Res 69: 45.
5. Bartlett JM, Desmedt C, Munro A, O'Malley FP, Larsimont D, Di Leo A et al. (2009b). Chromosome 17 polysomy: a unifying hypothesis underlying benefit from adjuvant anthracyclines? Cancer Res 69: 6059.
6. Bartlett JMS, Going JJ, Mallon E, Watters AD, Reeves JR, Stanton PD et al. (2001). Evaluating HER2 amplification and overexpres-sion in breast cancer. J Pathol 195: 422-428.
7. Bartlett JMS, Munro AF, Cameron DA, Thomas JS, Prescott RJ, Twelves C. (2008). Type I receptor tyrosine kinase profiles identify patients with enhanced benefit from anthracyclines in the BR9601 adjuvant breast cancer chemotherapy trial. J Clin Oncol 26: 1-9.
8. Bartlett JMS, Munro AF, Dunn JA, McConkey C, Jordan S, Twelves CJ et al. (2010). Predictive markers of anthracycline benefit: a prospectively planned analysis of the UK National Epirubicin Adjuvant Trial (NEAT/BR9601). Lancet Oncol 11: 266-274.
9. Bertheau P, Plassa F, Espie M, Turpin E, de Roquancourt A, Marty M et al. (2002). Effect of mutated TP53 on response of advanced breast cancers to high-dose chemotherapy. Lancet 360: 852-854.
10. Bertheau P, Turpin E, Rickman D, Espie M, de Reynies A, Feugeas JP et al. (2009). Exquisite sensitivity of TP53 mutant and basal breast cancers to a dose-dense epirubicin-cyclophosphamide regimen. PLoS Med 4: e90.
11. Bhargava R, Lal P, Chen BY. (2005). HER-2/neu and topoisomerase II alpha gene amplification and protein expression in invasive breast carcinomas\chromogenic in situ hybridization and immunohisto-chemical analyses. Am J Clin Pathol 123: 889-895.
12. Bidard FC, Matthieu MC, Chollet P, Raoefils I, Abrial C, Domont J et al. (2008). p53 status and efficacy of primary anthracyclines/alkylating agent-based regimen according to breast cancer molecular classes. Ann Oncol 19: 1261-1265.
13. Biganzoli L, Claudino WM, Pestrin M, Pozzessere D, Di Leo A. (2007). Selection of chemotherapeutic drugs in adjuvant programs based on molecular profiles: where do we stand? Crit Rev Oncol/Hematol 62: 1-8.
14. Bonnefoi H, Potti A, Delorenzi M, Mauriac L, Campone M, Tubiana-Hulin M et al. (2007). Validation of gene signatures that predict the response of breast cancer to neoadjuvant chemotherapy: a substudy of the EORTC 10994/BIG 00-01 clinical trial. Lancet Oncol 8: 1071-1078.
15. Borg A, Baldetorp B, Ferno M, Killander D, Olsson H, Sigurdsson H. (1991). ERBB2 amplification in breast cancer with a high rate of proliferation. Oncogene 6: 137-143.
16. Carter SL, Eklund AC, Kohane IS, Harris LN, Szallasi Z. (2006). A signature of chromosomal instability inferred from gene expression profiles predicts clinical outcome in multiple human cancers. Nat Genet 38: 1043-1048.
17. Cersosimo RJ, Hong WK. (1986). Epirubicin: a review of the pharmacology, clinical activity, and adverse effects of an adriamycin analogue. J Clin Oncol 4: 425-439.
18. Cheung HW, Jin DY, Ling MT, Wong YC, Wang Q, Tsao SW et al. (2005). Mitotic arrest deficient 2 expression induces chemosensitiza-tion to a DNA-damaging agent, cisplatin, in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Cancer Res 65: 1450-1458.
19. Cortes-Funes H, Coronado C. (2007). Role of anthracyclines in the era of targeted therapy. Cardiovasc Toxicol 7: 56-60.
20. Davidsen ML, Wurtz SO, Romer MU, Sorensen NM, Johansen SK, Christensen IJ et al. (2006). TIMP-1 gene deficiency increases tumour cell sensitivity to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Br J Cancer 95: 1114-1120.
21. Del Mastro L, Bruzzi P, Nicolo G, Cavazzini G, Contu A, D'Amico M et al. (2005). HER2 expression and efficacy of dose-dense anthracycline-containing adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. Br J Cancer 93: 7-14.
22. Denkert C, Loibl S, Noske A, Roller M, Muller BM, Komor M et al. (2010). Tumor-associated lymphocytes as an independent predictor of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 28: 105-113.
23. Di Leo A, Chan S, Paesmans M, Friedrichs K, Pinter T, Cocquyt V et al. (2004). HER-2/neu as a predictive marker in a population of advanced breast cancer patients randomly treated either with single-agent doxorubicin or single-agent docetaxel. Breast Cancer Res Treat 86: 197-206.
24. Di Leo A, Gancberg D, Larsimont D, Tanner M, Jarvinen T, Rouas G et al. (2002). HER-2 amplification and topoisomerase ii{alpha} gene aberrations as predictive markers in node-positive breast cancer patients randomly treated either with an an. Clin Cancer Res 8: 1107-1116.
25. Di Leo A, Isola J, Piette F, Ejlertsen B, Pritchard KI, Bartlett JM et al. (2009). A meta-analysis of phase III trials evaluating the predictive value of HER2 and topoisomerase II alpha in early breast cancer patients treated with CMF or anthracycline-based adjuvant therapy. Cancer Res 69: 705.
26. Di Leo A, Isola J. (2003). Topoisomerase IIalpha as a marker predicting the efficacy of anthracyclines in breast cancer: are we at the end of the beginning? Clin Breast Cancer 4: 179-186.
27. Di Leo A, Larsimont D, Gabcberg D, Jarvinen T, Beauduin M, Vindevoghel A et al. (2001). HER-2 and topo-isomerase II{alpha} as predictive markers in a population of node-positive breast cancer patients randomly treat. Ann Oncol 12: 1081-1089.
28. Di Leo A, Tanner M, Desmedt C, Paesmans M, Cardoso F, Durbecq V et al. (2007). p-53 gene mutations as a predictive marker in a population of advanced breast cancer patients randomly treated with doxorubicin or docetaxel in the context of a phase III clinical trial. Ann Oncol 18: 997-1003.
29. Du Y, Yin F, Liu C, Hu S, Wang J, Xie H et al. (2006). Depression of MAD2 inhibits apoptosis of gastric cancer cells by upregulating Bcl-2 and interfering mitochondrion pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 345: 1092-1098.
30. Eifel P, Axelson JA, Costa J, Crowley J, Curran WJ, Deshler A et al. (2001). National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference statement: adjuvant therapy for breast cancer, November 1-3, 2000. J Natl Cancer Inst 93: 979-989.
31. Ejlertsen B, Jensen MB, Nielsen KV, Balslev E, Rasmussen BB, Willemoe GL et al. (2010). HER2, TOP2A, and TIMP-1 and responsiveness to adjuvant anthracycline-containing chemotherapy in high-risk breast cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 28: 984-990.
32. Fedier A, Steiner RA, Schwarz VA, Lenherr L, Haller U, Fink D. (2003). The effect of loss of Brca1 on the sensitivity to anticancer agents in p53-deficient cells. Int J Oncol 22: 1169-1173.
33. Finak G, Bertos N, Pepin F, Sadekova S, Souleimanova M, Zhao H et al. (2008). Stromal gene expression predicts clinical outcome in breast cancer. Nat Med 14: 518-527.
34. Fraser JA, Reeves JR, Stanton PD, Black DM, Going JJ, Cooke TG et al. (2003). A role for BRCA1 in sporadic breast cancer. Br J Cancer 88: 1263-1270.
35. Fung MKL, Cheung HW, Ling MT, Cheung ALM, Wong YC, Wang X. (2006). Role of MEK/ERK pathway in the MAD2-mediated cisplatin sensitivity in testicular germ cell tumour cells. B J Cancer 95: 475-484.
36. Ghiringhelli F, Apetoh L, Tesniere A, Aymeric L, Ma YT, Ortiz C et al. (2009). Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in dendritic cells induces IL-1 beta-dependent adaptive immunity against tumors. Nat Med 15: 1170-1199.
37. Greenberg RA. (2009). Recognition of DNA double strand breaks by the BRCA1 tumor suppressor network. Chromosoma 117: 305-317.
38. Hernando E, Nahle Z, Juan G, Diaz-Rodriguez E, Alaminos M, Hemann M et al. (2004). Rb inactivation promotes genomic instability by uncoupling cell cycle progression from mitotic control. Nature 430: 797-802.
39. Holten-Andersen MN, Stephens RW, Nielsen HJ, Murphy G, Christensen IJ, Stetler-Stevenson W et al. (2000). High preoperative plasma tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 levels are associated with short survival of patients with colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res 6: 4292-4299.
40. Hutchins LF, Green SJ, Ravdin PM, Lew D, Martino S, Abeloff M et al. (2005). Randomized, controlled trial of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil versus cyclophosphamide, doxor-ubicin, and fluorouracil with and without tamoxifen for high-risk, node-negative breast cancer: treatment results of intergroup protocol INT-0102. J Clin Oncol 23: 8313-8321.
41. Jarvinen T, Liu ET. (2003). Topoisomerase IIalpha gene (TOP2A) amplification and deletion in cancer-more common than anticipated. Cytopathology 14: 309-313.
42. Jarvinen TA, Tanner M, Barlund M, Borg A, Isola J. (1999). Characterization of topoisomerase II alpha gene amplification and deletion in breast cancer. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 26: 142-150.
43. Jarvinen TAH, Tanner M, Rantanen V, Barlund M, Borg A, Grenman S et al. (2000a). Amplification and deletion of topoisomerase II alpha associate with ErbB-2 amplification and affect sensitivity to topoisomerase II inhibitor doxorubicin in breast cancer. Am J Pathol 156: 839-847.
44. Jarvinen TAH, Tanner M, Rantanen V, Barlund M, Borg A, Grenman S et al. (2000b). Amplification and deletion of topoisomerase ii{alpha} associate with erbb-2 amplification and affect sensitivity to topoisomerase ii inhibitor doxorubicin in breast can. Am J Pathol 156: 839-847.
45. Jiang Y, Goldberg ID, Shi YE. (2002). Complex roles of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in cancer. Oncogene 21: 2245-2252.
46. John RG. (2003). Impact of germline BRCA1 mutations and overexpression of p53 on prognosis and response to treatment following breast carcinoma. Cancer 97: 527-536.
47. Kallioniemi A, Kallioniemi OP, Piper J, Tanner M, Stokke T, Chen L et al. (1994). Detection and mapping of amplified DNA sequences in breast cancer by comparative genomic hybridization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 2156-2160.
48. Kim HT, Chen JJ. (2008). New players in the BRCA1-mediated DNA damage responsive pathway. Mol Cells 25: 457-461.
49. Klijn JG, Berns PM, Bontenbal M, Foekens JA. (1993). Growth factors: clinical implications in breast cancer. Ann New York Acad Sci 698: 85-101.
50. Knoop AS, Knudsen H, Balslev E, Rasmussen BB, Overgaard J, Nielsen KV et al. (2005). Retrospective analysis of topoisomerase iia amplifications and deletions as predictive markers in primary breast cancer patients randomly assigned to cyclophosphamide, metho-trexate, and fluorouracil or cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, and fluorouracil: Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group. J Clin Oncol 23: 7483-7490.
51. Levine MN, Bramwell VH, Pritchard KI, Norris BD, Shepherd LE, Abu-Zahra H et al. (1998). Randomized trial of intensive cyclopho-sphamide, epirubicin, and fluorouracil chemotherapy compared with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil in premenopausal women with node-positive breast cancer. National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. J Clin Oncol 16: 2651-2658.
52. Levine MN, Pritchard KI, Bramwell VHC, Shepherd LE, Tu D, Paul N. (2005). Randomized trial comparing cyclophosphamide, epir-ubicin, and fluorouracil with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil in premenopausal women with node-positive breast cancer: update of National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group Trial MA5. J Clin Oncol 23: 5166-5170.
53. Lipton A, Leitzel K, Chaudri-Ross HA, Evans DB, Ali SM, Demers L et al. (2008). Serum TIMP-1 and response to the aromatase inhibitor letrozole versus tamoxifen in metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 26: 2653-2658.
54. McArthur HL, Tan LK, Patil S, Wigler M, Hudis CA, Hicks J et al. (2009). High resolution representational oligonucleotide microarray analysis (ROMA) suggests that TOPO2 and HER2 co-amplification is uncommon in human breast cancer. Cancer Res 69: 2023.
55. McClendon AK, Osheroff N. (2007). DNA topoisomerase II, genotoxicity, and cancer. Mutat Res 623: 83-97.
56. McCullough SD, Hu Y, Li R. (2007). BRCA1 in initiation, invasion, and metastasis of breast cancer: a perspective from the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Metast Biol Treat 11: 31-46.
57. Minotti G, Menna P, Salvatorelli E, Cairo G, Gianni L. (2004). Anthracyclines: molecular advances and pharmacologic developments in antitumor activity and cardiotoxicity. Pharmacol Rev 56: 185-229.
58. Murphy CG, Moynahan ME. (2010). BRCA gene structure and function in tumor suppression a repair-centric perspective. Cancer J 16: 39-47.
59. Muss HB, Thor AD, Berry DA, Kute T, Liu ET, Koerner F et al. (1994). c-erbB-2 expression and response to adjuvant therapy in women with node-positive early breast cancer. N Engl J Med 330: 1260-1266.
60. Nevins JR. (2001). The Rb/E2F pathway and cancer. Human Mol Gen 10: 699-703.
61. Nielsen KV, Ejlertsen B, Moller S, Jorgensen JT, Knoop A, Knudsen H et al. (2008). The value of TOP2A gene copy number variation as a biomarker in breast cancer: update of DBCG trial 89D. Acta Oncol 47: 725-734.
62. Norton L. (2008). Cancer stem cells, self-feeding, and decremented exponential growth: theoretical and clinical implications. Breast Cancer 29: 27-36.
63. O'Malley FP, Chia S, Tu D, Shepherd LE, Levine MN, Bramwell VH et al. (2009). Topoisomerase II alpha and responsiveness of breast cancer to adjuvant chemotherapy. J Natl Cancer Inst 101: 644-650.
64. O'Malley FP, Chia S, Tu D, Shepherd LE, Levine MN, Huntsman DG et al. (2006). Prognostic and predictive value of topoisomerase II alpha in a randomized trial comparing CMF to CEF in premenopausal women with node positive breast cancer (NCIC CTG MA.5). ASCO Meeting Abst 24: 533.
65. Olivier M, Petitjean A, Marcel V, Petre A, Mounawar M, Plymoth A et al. (2008). Recent advances in p53 research: an interdisciplinary perspective. Cancer Gene Ther 16: 1-12.
66. Orsetti B, Nugoli M, Cervera N, Lasorsa L, Chuchana P, Ursule L et al. (2004). Genomic and expression profiling of chromosome 17 in breast cancer reveals complex patterns of alterations and novel candidate genes. Cancer Res 64: 6453-6460.
67. Paik S, Bryant J, Park C, Fisher B, Tan-Chiu E, Hyams D et al. (1998). cerB-2 and response to doxorubicin in patients with axillary lymph node-positive, hormone receptor-negative breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 90: 1361-1370.
68. Paik S, Bryant J, Tan-Chiu E, Yothers G, Park C, Wickerham DL et al. (2000). HER2 and choice of adjuvant chemotherapy for invasive breast cancer: national surgical adjuvant breast and bowel project protocol b-15. J Natl Cancer Inst 92: 1991-1998.
69. Pegram MD, Finn RS, Arzoo K, Beryt M, Pietras RJ, Slamon DJ. (1997). The effect of HER-2/neu overexpression on chemother-apeutic drug sensitivity in human breast and ovarian cancer cells. Oncogene 15: 537-547.
70. Pellikainen JM, Ropponen KM, Kataja VV, Kellokoski JK, Eskelinen MJ, Kosma VM. (2004). Expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in breast cancer with special reference to activator protein-2, HER2, and prognosis. Clin Cancer Res 10: 7621-7628.
71. Poole CJ, Earl HM, Hiller L, Dunn JA, Bathers S, Grieve RJ et al. (2006). Epirubicin and cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil as adjuvant therapy for early breast cancer. N Engl J Med 355: 1851-1862.
72. Pritchard KI, Messersmith H, Elavathil L, Trudeau M, O'Malley F, Dhesy-Thind B. (2008). HER-2 and topoisomerase ii as predictors of response to chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 26: 736-744.
73. Pritchard KI, Shepherd LE, O'Malley FP, Andrulis IL, Tu D, Bramwell VH et al. (2006). HER2 and responsiveness of breast cancer to adjuvant chemotherapy. N Engl J Med 354: 2103-2111.
74. Rahko E, Blanco G, Soini Y, Bloigu R, Jukkola AA. (2003). Mutant TP53 gene status is associated with a poor prognosis and anthracycline-resistance in breast cancer patients. Eur J Cancer 39: 447-453.
75. Ree AH, Florenes VA, Berg JP, Maelandsmo GM, Nesland JM, Fodstad O. (1997). High levels of messenger RNAs for tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2) in primary breast carcinomas are associated with development of distant metastases. Clin Cancer Res 3: 1623-1628.
76. Reinholz MM, Jenkins RB, Hillman D, Lingle WL, Davidson N, Martino S et al. (2007). The clinical significance of polysomy 17 in the HER2\+ N9831 intergroup adjuvant trastuzumab trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat 106: S11.
77. Ried T, Just KE, Holtgreve-Grez H, Manoir S, Speicher MR, Schrock E et al. (1995). Comparative genomic hybridization of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded breast tumors reveals different patterns of chromsomal gains and losses in fibroadenomas and diploid and aneuploid carcinomas. Cancer Res 55: 5415-5423.
78. Schmidt M, Hengstler JG, von Torne C, Koelbl H, Gehrmann MC. (2009). Coordinates in the universe of node-negative breast cancer revisited. Cancer Res 69: 2695-2698.
79. Schrohl AS, Holten-Andersen MN, Peters HA, Look MP, Meijer-van Gelder ME, Klijn JGM et al. (2004). Tumor tissue levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 as a prognostic marker in primary breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 10: 2289-2298.
80. Schrohl AS, Meijer-van Gelder ME, Holten-Andersen MN, Christen-sen IJ, Look MP, Mouridsen HT et al. (2006). Primary tumor levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 are predictive of resistance to chemotherapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 12: 7054-7058.
81. Slamon D, Eiermann W, Robert N. (2005). Phase III randomized trial comparing doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by doc-etaxel (AC-T) with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by docetaxel and trastuzumab (AC-TH) with docetaxel, carboplatin and trastuzumab (TCH) in HER2 positive early breast cancer patients: BCIRG 006 study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 94: S5.
82. Slamon DJ, Godolphin W, Jones LA, Holt JA, Wong SG, Keith DE et al. (1989). Studies of the HER-2/neu proto-oncogene in human breast and ovarian cancer. Science 244: 707-712.
83. Small GW, Somasundaram S, Moore DT, Shi YY, Orlowski RZ. (2003). Repression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase-1 by anthracyclines contributes to their antiapoptotic activation of p44/42-MAPK. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 307: 861-869.
84. Spencer DM, Cutts SM, Kimura K, Gray PJ, Phillips DR. (2003). Detection of labile anthracycline-DNA adducts by real-time PCR. Oncology Res 13: 479-489.
85. Taatjes DJ, Fenick DJ, Koch TH. (1999). Nuclear targeting and nuclear retention of anthracycline formaldehyde conjugates implicates DNA covalent bonding in the cytotoxic mechanism of anthracyclines. Chem Res Toxicol 12: 588-596.
86. Tanner M, Isola J, Wiklund T, Erikstein B, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen P, Malmstrom P et al. (2006). Topoisomerase IIalpha gene amplification predicts favorable treatment response to tailored and dose-escalated anthracycline-based adjuvant chemotherapy in HER-2/neu-amplified breast cancer: Scandinavian Breast Group Trial 9401. J Clin Oncol 24: 2428-2436.
87. Teschendorff AE, Miremadi A, Pinder SE, Ellis IO, Caldas C. (2007). An immune response gene expression module identifies a good prognosis subtype in estrogen receptor negative breast cancer. Genome Biol 8: R157.
88. Todorovic-Rakovic N, Neskovic-Konstantinovic Z, Nikolic-Vuko-savljevic D. (2009). Metastatic breast cancer survival according to HER2 and Topo2a gene status. Dis Markers 26: 171-180.
89. Tordai A, Wang J, Andre F, Liedtke C, Yan K, Sotiriou C et al. (2008). Evaluation of biological pathways involved in chemotherapy response in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 10: 37-46.
90. Tovey SM, Witton CJ, Bartlett JMS, Stanton PD, Reeves JR, Cooke TG. (2004). Outcome and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) 1-4 status in invasive breast carcinomas with proliferation indices evaluated by bromodeoxyuridine labelling. Breast Cancer Res 6: R246-R251.
91. Vincent-Salomon A, Rousseau A, Jouve M, Beuzeboc P, Sigal-Zafrani B, Fryneaux P et al. (2004). Proliferation markers predictive of the pathological response and disease outcome of patients with breast carcinomas treated by anthracycline-based preoperative chemotherapy. Eur J Cancer 40: 1502-1508.
92. Wurtz SO, Schrohl AO, Mouridsen HT, Brunner N. (2008). TIMP-1 as a tumor marker in breast cancer\an update. Acta Oncologica 47: 580-590.