Sol gel method performed for biomedical products implementation

Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry

Volumn 10, Issue 11, 2010, Pages 990-1013

  Chiriac, A P ^a   Neamtu, I ^a   Nita, L E ^a   Nistor, M T ^a  

^a PETRU PONI INSTITUTE OF MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY   (Romania)

Author keywords

Bioencapsulation; Biosensor; Drug delivery; Hybrid composite; Medical devices; Sol gel technology

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ANESTHETIC AGENT; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; BUPIVACAINE; CARBON NANOTUBE; CEFOXITIN; CISPLATIN; CORTISONE; CYTOTOXIC AGENT; DEXAMETHASONE; DOXORUBICIN; GENISTEIN; GROWTH FACTOR; HEPARIN; IBUPROFEN; LIDOCAINE; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PACLITAXEL; PIROXICAM; PREDNISONE; PROTEIN KINASE INHIBITOR; PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITOR; TRICLOSAN; UROKINASE; VANCOMYCIN; VINCRISTINE;

ARTICLE; BIOCATALYST; BIOCOMPATIBILITY; BIOSENSOR; CATALYST; CHEMICAL REACTION; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; ENCAPSULATION; ENZYME IMMOBILIZATION; FLUORESCENCE; GEL; HYDROLYSIS; MOLECULAR IMPRINTING; NANOTECHNOLOGY; PH MEASUREMENT; PHYSICAL PHASE; POLYMERIZATION; POROSITY; PROTEIN IMMOBILIZATION; SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE; TISSUE ENGINEERING;

EID: 77956635217     PISSN: 13895575     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/1389557511009010990     Document Type: Article

References (186)

1. Brinker, C. J.; Scherer, G. W. Sol-Gel Science: The Physics and Chemistry of Sol-Gel Processing. New York: Academic Press, Inc. 1990.
2. Gupta, R.; Kumar, A. Bioactive materials for biomedical applications using sol-gel technology. Biomed. Mater., 2008, 3 (3), 1-15.
3. Gupta, R.; Chaudhury, N.K. Entrapment of biomolecules in sol-gel matrix for applications in biosensors: Problems and future prospects. Biosens. Bioelectron, 2007, 22, 2387-2399.
4. Reisfeld, R. Prospects of sol-gel technology towards luminescent materials. Opt. Mater., 2001, 16, 1-7.
5. Chaudhury, N.K.; Gupta, R.; Gulia, S. Sol-gel technology for sensor applications. Def. Sci. J., 2007, 57, 241-253.
6. Livage, J.; Henry, M.; Sanchez, C. Sol-gel chemistry of transition metal oxides. Prog. Solid State Chem., 1988, 18(4), 259-341.
7. Livage, J. Sol-gel processes. Currt. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci., 1997, 2, 132-l36.
8. Dimitriev, Y.; Ivanova, Y.; Iordanova, R. History of Sol-Gel Science and technology. J. Univ. Chem. Technol. Metall., 2008, 43(2), 181-192.
9. Kozhukharov, S. Relationship between the Conditions of Preparation by the Sol-Gel Route and the Properties of the Obtained Products. J. Univ. Chem. Technol. Metall., 2009, 44(2), 143-150.
10. Sakka, S. Sol-Gel Technology as Reflected in Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology. J. Sol-Gel. Sci. Technol., 2003, 26, 29-33.
11. Coradin, T.; Boissière, M.; Livage, J. Sol-gel Chemistry in Medicinal Science. Curr. Med. Chem., 2006, 13, 99-108.
12. Zarzycki, J. Past and Present of Sol-Gel Science and Technology. J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., 1997, 8, 17-22.
13. Gvishi, R. Fast sol-gel technology: from fabrication to applications, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., 2009, 50, 241-253.
14. Mackenzie, J.D. Sol-Gel Research-Achievements Since 1981 and Prospects for the Future. J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., 2003, 26, 23-27.
15. Young, S.K. Overview of Sol-Gel Science and Technology. January 2002. Available from: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA398036
16. Schmidt, H.; Scholze, H.; Kaiser, A. Principles of Hydrolysis and Condensation Reaction of Alkoxysilanes. J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 1984, 63(1-2), 1-11.
17. 2 Gels. J. Phys., 1982, 12 (C9), 275-278.
18. Schmidt, H.; Seiferling, B. Chemistry and Applications of Inorganic-Organic Polymers. Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., 1986, 73, 739-750.
19. Schmidt, H. Organically modified silicates by the sol-gel process. Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., 1984, 3(2), 327-335.
20. Sanchez, C.; Julian, B.; Belleville, P.; Popall, M. Applications of hybrid organic-inorganic nanocomposites. J. Mater. Chem., 2005, 15, 35-36, 3559-3592.
21. Yoldas, B. E. Modification of Polymer-Gel Structures. J. NonCryst. Solids, 1984, 63, 145-154.
22. Ng, L. V., Thompson, P., Sanchez, J., Macosko, C. W., McCormick, A. V. Formation of Cagelike Intermediates From Nonrandom Cyclization During Acid-Catalyzed Sol-Gel Polymerization of Tetraethyl Orthosilicate. Macromolecules, 1995, 28(19), 6471-6476.
23. Julbe, A.; Balzer, C.; Barthez, J.M.; Guizard, C.; Larbot, A.; Cot, L. Effect of Non-Ionic Surface Active Agents on TEOS-Derived Sols, Gels and Materials. J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., 1995, 4(2), 89-97.
24. Hench, L.L.; West, J.K. The Sol-Gel Process. Chem. Rev., 1990, 90, 33-72.
25. Kandimalla, V. B.; Tripathi, V.S.; Ju, H. Immobilization of Biomolecules in Sol-Gels: Biological and Analytical Applications. Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem., 2006, 36, 73-106.
26. Gill, I. Biodoped nanocomposite polymers: Sol-gel bioencapsulates. Chem. Mater., 2001, 13, 3404-3421.
27. Carturan, G.; Toso, R. D.; Boninsegna, S.; Monte, R. D. Encapsulation of functional cells by sol-gel silica: actual progress and perspectives for cell therapy. J. Mater. Chem., 2004, 14, 2087-2098.
28. Smith, K.; Silvernail, N. J.; Rodgers, K. R.; Elgren, T. E.; Castro, M.; Parker, R. M. Sol-gel encapsulated horseradish peroxidase: A catalytic material for peroxidation. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2002, 124, 4247-4252.
29. Gill, I.; Ballesteros, A. Bioencapsulation within synthetic polymers(Part 1): sol-gel encapsulated biologicals. Trends Biotechnol., 2000, 18, 282-296.
30. Dickey, F.H. The exchange properties given are mean values for standard deviations for all resins. J. Phys. Chem., 1955, 58, 695-700.
31. Venton, D.L.; Cheeseman, K.L.; Chatterton, R.T.; Anderson T.L. Entrapment of a highly specific antiprogesterone antiserum using polysiloxane copolymers. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1984, 797, 343-347.
32. Glad, M.; Norrlow, O.; Sellergren, B.; Siegbahn, N.; Mosbach, K. Use of silane monomers for molecular imprinting and enzyme entrapment in polysiloxane-coated porous silica. J. Chromatogr., 1985, 347, 11-23.
33. Braun, S.; Rappoport, S.; Zusman, R.; Avnir, D.; Ottolenghi, M. Biochemically active sol-gel glasses: the trapping of enzymes. Mater. Lett., 1990, 10, 1-8.
34. Avnir, D.; Braun, S.; Ovadia, L.; Ottolengthi, M. Enzymes and other proteins entrapped in sol-gel materials. Chem. Mater., 1994, 6, 1605-1614.
35. Dave, B.C.; Dunn, B.; Valentine, J.S.; Zink, J.I. Sol-gel encapsulation method for biosensors. Anal. Chem., 1994, 66, 1120A-1127A.
36. Armon, R.; Dosoretz, C.; Starosvetsky, J.; Orshansky, F.; Saadi, I. Sol-gel applications in environmental biotechnology. J. Biotechnol., 1996, 51, 279-285.
37. Coradin, T.; Nassif, N.; Livage, J. Silica-alginate composites for microencapsulation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 2003, 61, 429-434.
38. Pierre, A. C. The sol-gel encapsulation of enzymes. Biocatal. Biotransform., 2004, 22, 145-170.
39. Menaa, B.; Menaa, F. Silica-based nanoporous sol-gel glasses: from bioencapsulation to protein folding studies. Int. J. Nanotechnol., 2010, 7(1), 1-45.
40. Avnir, D.; Klein, L.C.; Levy, D.; Schubert, U.; Wojcik, A.B. Organo-silica sol-gel materials, in Rappoport, Z. and Apeloig, Y.J.(Eds.): Chemistry of Organic Silicon Compounds, Wiley and Sons, New York, 1998, Vol. 2, 2317-2362.
41. Rao, M.S.; Dave, B.C. Selective intake and release of proteins by organically modified silica sol-gels. J. Am. Chem Soc., 1998, 120, 13270-13271.
42. Brennan, J.D. Using intrinsic fluorescence to investigate proteins entrapped in sol-gel derived materials. Appl. Spectrosc., 1999, 53, 106A-121A.
43. Miller, J.M.; Dunn, B.; Valentine, J.S. Synthesis conditions for encapsulating cytochrome c and catalase in SiO2 sol-gel materials. J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 1996, 202, 279-289.
44. Kuenzelmann, U.; Boettcher, H. Biosensor properties of glucose oxidase immobilized within silica gels. Sens. Actuat. B, 1997, 39, 222-228.
45. Huang, W.; Kim, J.B.; Bruening, M.L.; Baker, G.L. Functionalization of surfaces by water-accelerated atom-transfer radical polymerization of hydroxyethyl methacrylate and subsequent derivatization. Macromolecules, 2002, 35, 1175-1179.
46. Bontempo, D.; Tirelli, N.; Masci, G.; Crescenzi, V.; Hubbell, J.A. Thick oating and functionalization of organic surfaces via ATRP in water. Macromol. Rapid. Commun., 2002, 23, 417-422.
47. Flickinger, M.C.; Mullick A.; Ollis D.F. Method for construction of a simple laboratory-scale nonwoven filament biocatalytic filter. Biotechnol. Progr., 1998, 14, 664-666.
48. Havens, P.L.; Rase, H.F. Reusable immobilized enzyme/polyurethane sponge for removal and detoxification of localized organophosphate pesticide spills. Ind. Eng. Chem Res., 1993, 32, 2254-2258.
49. Zarcula, C.; Croitoru, R.; Corîci, L.; Csunderlik, C.; Peter, F. Improvement of Lipase Catalytic Properties by Immobilization in Hybrid Matrices. World Acad. Sci. Eng Technol., 2009, 52, 179-184.
50. Livage, J. Bioactivity in sol-gel glasses. CR Acad. Sci. Paris, 1996, 322(5), 417-427.
51. Krishna, S.H. Developments and trends in enzyme catalysis in nonconventional media. Biotechnol. Adv., 2002, 20, 239-266.
52. Betancor, L.; Luckarift, H.R. Bioinspired enzyme encapsulation for biocatalysis Trends. Biotechnol., 2008, 26, 10, 566-572.
53. Berne, C.; Betancor, L.; Luckarift, H. R.; Spain, J. C. Application of a microfluidic reactor for screening cancer prodrug activation using silica-immobilized nitrobenzene nitroreductase. Biomacromolecules, 2006, 7, 2631-2636.
54. Kim, J.; Grate, J.W.; Wang, P. Nanostructures for enzyme stabilization. Chem. Eng. Sci., 2006, 61, 1017-1026.
55. Yim, T.J.; Kim, D.Y.; Karajanagi, S.S.; Lu, T.M.; Kane, R.; Dordick, J.S. Si nanocolumns as novel nanostructured supports for enzyme immobilization. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 2003, 3, 479-482.
56. LeJeun, K.E.; Wild, J.R.; Russell, A.J. Nerve agent degraded by enzymatic foams. Nature, 1998, 395, 27-28.
57. Rassy, El.; Maury, H.; Buisson, S.; Pierre, A.C. Hydrophobic silica aerogel-lipase biocatalysts. Possible interactions between the enzyme and the gel. J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 2004, 350, 23-30.
58. Martin, C.R.; Kohli, P. The emerging field of nanotube biotechnology. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov., 2003, 2, 29-37.
59. Vidinha, P.; Augusto, V.; Almeida, M.; Fonseca, I.; Fidalgo, A.; Ilharco, L.; Cabral, J.M.S.; Barreiros, S. Sol-gel encapsulation: An efficient and versatile immobilization technique for cutinase in non-aqueous media. J. Biotechnol., 2006, 121, 23-33.
60. Podbielska, H.; Ulatowska-Jarza A. Sol-gel technology for biomedical engineering. Bull. Polish Acad. Sci., 2005, 53(3), 261-271.
61. Reetz, M.T.; Zonta, A.; Simpelkamp, J. Efficient immobilization of lipases by entrapment in hydrophobic sol-gel materials. Biotechnol. Bioeng., 1996, 49, 527-534.
62. Brennan, J. D.; Benjamin, D.; DiBattista E.; Gulcev, M. D. Using Sugar and Amino Acid Additives to Stabilize Enzymes within Sol Gel Derived Silica. Chem. Mater., 2003, 15, 737-743.
63. Reetz, M.T. Entrapment of biocatalysts in hydrophobic sol-gel materials for use in organic chemistry. Adv. Mater., 1997, 9, 943-954.
64. Obert, R.; Dave, B.C. Enzymatic conversion of carbon dioxide to methanol: enhanced methanol production in silica sol-gel matrices. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1999, 121, 12192-12193.
65. Wu, H.Z.; Jiang, Y.; Xu, S.W.; Huang S.F. A new biochemical way for conversion of CO2 to methanol via dehydrogenases encapsulated in SiO2 matrix. Chin. Chem. Lett., 2003, 14, 423-425.
66. Pierre, A. C. The sol-gel encapsulation of enzymes. Biocatal. Biotransform., 2004, 22, 145-170.
67. Catt, K.; Niall, H.D. Solid phase radioimmunoassay. Nature, 1967, 213, 825-827
68. Zhou, J.C.; Chuang, M.H.; Lan, E.H.; Dunn, B.; Gillman, P.L.; Smith, S.M. Immunoassays for cortisol using antibody-doped solgel silica. J. Mater. Chem., 2004, 14, 2311-2316.
69. Wang, R.; Narang, U.; Prasad, P.N.; Bright, F.V. Affinity of antifluorescein antibodies encapsulated within a transparent sol-gel glass. Anal. Chem., 1993, 65, 2671-2675.
70. Yang, H.H.; Zhu, Q.Z.; Qu, H.Y.; Chen, X.L.; Ding, M.T.; Xua, J.G. Flow injection fluorescence immunoassay for gentamicin using sol-gel derived mesoporous biomaterial. Anal. Biochem., 2002, 308, 71-76.
71. Yadavalli, V.K.; Koh, W.G.; Lauzer, G.J.; Pishko, M.V. Micro fabricated protein containing poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel arrays for biosensing. Sens. Actuators B, 2004, 97, 290-297.
72. Shabat, D.; Grynszpan, F.; Saphier, S.; Turniansky, A.; Avnir, D.; Keinan, E. An efficient sol-gel reactor for antibody-catalyzed transformations. Chem. Mater., 1997, 9, 2258-2260.
73. Liang, R.P.; Qiu, H.D.; Cai, P.X. A novel amperometric immunosensor based on three-dimensional sol-gel network and nanoparticle self-assemble technique. Anal. Chim. Acta, 2005, 534, 223-230.
74. Liu, J. M.; Zhu, G.H.; Rao, Z.M.; Wei, C. J.; Li, L.D.; Chen, C.L.; Li, Z. M Determination of human IgG by solid substrate. Anal. Chim. Acta, 2005, 528, 29-36.
75. Ellerby, L.; Nishida, C.R.; Nishida, F.; Yamanaka, S.A.; Dunn, B.; Valentile, J.S.; Zink, J.I. Encapsulation of proteins in transparent porous silicate glasses prepared by the sol-gel method. Science, 1992, 255(5048), 1113-1115.
76. Pierre, A.; Bonnet, J.; Vekris A.; Portier, J. Encapsulation of deoxyribonucleic acid molecules in silica. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med., 2001, 12, 51-60.
77. Bettati, S.; Pioselli, B.; Campanini, B.; Viappiani, C.; Mozzarelli, A. Protein-doped nanoporous silicagel. Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, American Scientific, Stevenson Ranch, 2004, 9, 81-103.
78. Das, T.K.; Khan, I.; Rousseau, D.L.; Friedman, J.M. Preservation of the native structure in myoglobin at low pH by sol-gel encapsulation. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1998, 120, 10268-10269.
79. Edmiston, P.L.; Wambolt, C.L.; Smith, M.K.; Saavedra, S.S. Spectroscopic characterization of albumin. J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 1994, 163, 395-400.
80. Wamboldt, C.L.; Saavedra, S.S. Iodide fluorescence quenching of sol-gel immobilized BSA. J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., 1996, 7, 53-57.
81. Jin, W.; Brennan, J. D.: Properties and applications of proteins encapsulated within sol-gel derived materials. Anal. Chim. Acta, 2002, 461, 1-36.
82. Wu, Z.; Joo, H.; Lee, T.G.; Lee, K.: Controlled release of lidocaine hydrochloride from the surfactant-doped hybrid xerogels. J. Control. Release, 2005, 104, 497-505.
83. Grassi, M.; Grassi, G.; Mathematical Modelling and Controlled Drug Delivery: Matrix Systems. Curr. Drug Deliv., 2005, 2, 97-116.
84. Böttcher, H.; Slowik, P.; Süß, W.: Sol-Gel carrier systems for controlled drug delivery. J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., 1998, 13, 277-281.
85. Mei, L.; Wang, H.; Meng, S.; Zhong, W.; LI, Z.; Cai, R.; Chen, Z.; Zhou, X.; Du, Q.: Structure and release behavior of PMMA/Silica composite drug delivery system. J. Pharm. Sci., 2007, 96, 1518-1526.
86. FDA accepts Sol-Gel's Investigational New Drug Application for DER45-EV Gel. Available from: http://www.news-medical.net/news/20091111/FDA-accepts-Sol-Gele28099s-InvestigationalNew-Drug-Application-for-DER45-EV-Gel.aspx, 2009.
87. Gulaim, S.; Kessler, V.G.; Unell, M.; Håkansson, S.;: Self Assembled Titania Micelles for Drug Delivery and Bio-Control Applications. Proceeding of 1st International Conference on Nanostructured Materials and Nanocomposites, Kottayam, India. ICNM 2009, 135-139.
88. Du, H.; Hamilton, P. D.; Reilly M. A.; Avignon, A.; Biswas, P.; Ravi, N.: A facile synthesis of highly water-soluble, core-shell organo-silica nanoparticles with controllable size via sol-gel process. J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 2009, 340, 202-208.
89. Finnie, K. S.; Waller, J. D.; Perret, F. L.; Krause-Heuer, A. M.; Lin, H. Q.; Hanna, J. V.; Barbe, C. V. Biodegradability of sol-gel silica microparticles for drug delivery. J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., 2009, 49, 12-18.
90. Bottcher, H.; Slowik, P.; Sub, W.: Sol-gel carrier for controlled drug delivery. J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., 1998, 13, 277-281.
91. Avnir, D.; Coradin, T.; Levc, O.; Livage J.: Recent bio-applications of sol-gel materials. Mater. Chem., 2006, 16, 1013-1030.
92. Fonseca, L. S.; Silveira, R. P.; Debonia, A. M.; Benvenuttia, E. V.; Costa, T. M.H.; Guterres, S. S.; Pohlmanna, A. R.: Nanocapsule@xerogel microparticles containing sodium diclofenac: a new strategy to control the release of drugs. Int. J. Pharm., 2008, 358, 292-295.
93. Barbé, C.; Bartlett, J.; Kong, L.; Finnie, K.; Lin, H. Q.; Larkin, M.; Calleja, S.; Bush, A.; Calleja, G.: Silica particles: a novel drugdelivery system. Adv. Mater., 2004, 16, 1959-1966
94. Jin, W.; Brennan, J.D.: Properties and applications of proteins encapsulated within sol-gel derived materials. Anal. Chim. Acta, 2002, 461, 1-36.
95. Aerts, A. C., Verraedt, E., Mellaerts, R., Depla, A., Augustijns, P., Humbeeck, J., Van den Mooter, G., Martens, J.A. Tunability of pore diameter and particle size of amorphous microporous silica for diffusive controlled release of drug compounds. J. Phys. Chem., 2007, 111(36), 13404-13409.
96. Popovici, M.; Gich, M.; Savu, C.: Ultra-light sol-gel derived magnetic nanostructured materials. Rom. Rep. Phys., 2006, 58, 369-378.
97. De Gaetano, F.; Ambrosio, L.; Raucci, M. G.; Marotta, A.; Catauro, M. Solgel processing of drug delivery materials and release kinetics. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med., 2005, 16, 261-265
98. Babich, J. W.; Zubieta, J.; Bonavia, G.: Matrices for drug delivery and methods for making and using the same. US Patent 6395299, 2002.
99. Diaz-Garci, E.; Badia, L.R.: Molecular Imprinting in Sol-Gel Materials: Recent Developments and Applications. Microchim. Acta 2005, 149, 19-36.
100. Gupta, R.; Kumar, A Molecular imprinting in solgel matrix. Biotechnol. Adv., 2008, 26, 533-547.
101. Radin, S.; Antoci, V.; Hickok, N.; Adams, C.S.; Parvizi, J.; Shapiro, I.; Ducheyne, P.: In vitro and in vivo bactericidal effect of Sol-Gel/antibiotic thin films on fixation devices. Key Eng. Mater., 2007, 330-332, 1323-1326.
102. Volpe, R.A.: Sol gel barrier films. US Patent 5618628, 1997.
103. Katstra, W. E.; Palazzolo, R. D.; Rowe, C. W.; Giritlioglu, B.; Teung, P.; Cima, M. J.: Oral dosage forms fabricated by Three Dimensional Printing. J. Control. Release, 2000, 66, 1-9.
104. Kim, J.; Radin, S.; Qu, H.; Ducheyne, P.; Knabe, C.; Costache, M.; Devore D.: Early stage treatment of compartment syndrome using polymer sol-gel composite growth factor delivery wound dressings. Dec 2008. Available from: http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA505821
105. Iyer, K. K., Prasad, A. K., Gouma, P. I. A smart medical diagnostic tool using resistive sensor technology. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., 2006, 888, 211-218.
106. Pantelidis, D., Bravman, J. C., Rothbard, J., Klein, R. L. Bioactive material delivery systems comprising sol-gel compositions. US Patent Application 20070071789, 2007.
107. Weber, J., Atanasoska, L., Zoromski, M., Robert, W. Medical devices having sol-gel derived ceramic regions with molded submicron surface features. US Patent Application 20090048659, 2009.
108. Moritz, N., Kangasniemi, I., Yli-urpo, A., Peltola, T., Jokinen, M. Treatment of sol, gels and mixtures thereof. US Patent Application 20040121451, 2004.
109. Kole, H., Bouwkampwijnoltz, A. L., Legierse, P. E. J., Visser, C. G., Boehmer, M. R. Medical equipment provided with a coating, US Patent 7416787, 2008.
110. Jia, J.; Wang, B.; Wu, A.; Cheng, G.; Li, Z.; Dong, S. A Method to Construct a Third-Generation Horseradish Peroxidase Biosensor: Self-Assembling Gold Nanoparticles to Three-Dimensional SolGel Network. Anal. Chem., 2002, 74, 2217-2223.
111. Jia, N.; Zhou, Q.; Liu, L.; Yan, M.; Jiang, Z. Direct electrochemistry and electrocatalysis of horseradish peroxidase immobilized in sol-gel-derived tin oxide/gelatin composite films. J. Electroanal. Chem., 2005, 580, 213-221.
112. Wang, Q.; Lu, G.; Yang, B. Hydrogen peroxide biosensor based on direct electrochemistry of hemoglobin immobilized on carbon paste electrode by a silica sol-gel film. Sens. Actuators B, 2004, 99, 50-57.
113. Dave, B.C.; Dunn, B.; Valentine, J.S.; Zink, J.I.; Sol-Gel Encapsulation Methods for Biosensors. Anal. Chem., 1994, 66 (22), 1120A-1127A.
114. Yang, M.; Yang, Y.; Liu, Y.; Shen, G.; Yu, R. Platinum nanoparticles-doped sol-gel/carbon nanotubes composite electrochemical sensors and biosensors. Biosens. Bioelectron, 2006, 21, 1125-1131.
115. Tang, H.; Chen, J.; Yao, S.; Nie, L.; Deng, G.; Kuang, Y. Amperometric glucose biosensor based on adsorption of glucose oxidase at platinum nanoparticle-modified carbon nanotube electrode. Anal. Biochem., 2004, 331, 89-97.
116. Ricci, F.; Amine, A.; Palleschi, G.; Moscone, D. Prussian Blue based screen printed biosensors with improved characteristics of long-term lifetime and pH stability. Biosens. Bioelectron, 2003, 8, 165-174.
117. Wang, B.; Zhang, J.; Dong, S. Silica sol-gel composite film as an encapsulation matrix for the construction of an amperometric tyrosinase-based biosensor. Biosens. Bioelectron, 2000, 15, 397-402.
118. Liu, Z.J.; Liu, B.H.; Kong, J.L.; Deng, J.Q. Probing trace phenols based on mediator-free alumina Sol Gel-derived tyrosinase biosensor. Anal. Chem., 2000, 72, 4707-4712.
119. Wang, J. Sol-gel materials for electrochemical biosensors. Anal Chim. Acta, 1999, 399(1), 21-27.
120. Avnir, D. Organic Chemistry within Ceramic Matrixes: Doped SolGel Materials. Acc. Chem. Res., 1995, 28, 328-334.
121. Petit-Dominguez, M.D.; Shen, H.; Heineman, W.R.; Seliskar, C.J. Electrochemical behavior of graphite electrodes modified by spincoating with Sol Gel-entrapped ionomers. Anal. Chem., 1997, 69, 703-710.
122. Liu, Z.J.; Liu, B.H.; Zhang, M.; Kong, J.L.; Deng, J.Q. Al2O3 solgel derived amperometric biosensor for glucose. Anal. Chim. Acta, 1999, 392, 135-141.
123. Yang, Y.M.; Wang, J.W.; Tan, R.X. Immobilization of glucose oxidase on chitosan-SiO2 gel. Enzyme Microb. Technol., 2004, 34, 126-131.
124. 2 films: an immobilization strategy for bioanalytical devices. Anal. Chem., 1998, 70, 5111-5113.
125. 2 and ZnO films. J. Electroanal. Chem., 2001, 517, 20-27.
126. Wang, J.; Pamidi, P.V.; Jiang, M. Low-potential stable detection of -NADH at sol-gel derived carbon composite electrodes. Anal Chim. Acta, 1998, 360, 171-178.
127. 2 with vapor surface Sol Gel deposition. Anal. Chem., 2007, 79, 3581-3588.
128. Narang, U.; Prasad, P.N.; Ramanathan, K.; Kumar, N.D.; Malhotra, B.D.; Kamalasanan, M.N.; Chandra, S.; Bright, F.V. Glucose biosensor based on a Sol-Gel-derived platform. Anal. Chem., 1994, 66(19), 3139-3144.
129. Narang, U.; Rahman, M.H.; Wang, J.H.; Prasad, P.N.; Bright, F.V. Removal of ribonucleases from solution using an inhibitor-based sol-gel-derived Biogel. Anal. Chem., 1995, 67(13), 1935-1939.
130. Lev, O.; Tsionsky, L.; Rabinovich, L.; Glezer, V.; Sampath, S.; Pankratov, I.; Gun, J. Organically modified sol-gel sensors. Anal. Chem., 1995, 67 (1), 22A-30A
131. Jordan, J.D.; Dunbar, R.A.; Bright, F.V. Dynamics of acrylodanlabeled bovine and human serum albumin entrapped in a Sol-Gelderived biogel. Anal. Chem., 1995, 67(14), 2436-2443.
132. Besanger, T.R.; Chen, Y.; Deisingh, A.K.; Hodgson, R.; Jin, W.; Mayer, S.; Brook, M.A.; Brennan, J.D. Ion sensing and inhibition studies using the transmembrane ion channel peptide gramicidin a entrapped in Sol Gel-derived silica. Anal. Chem., 2003, 75(10), 2382-2391.
133. Gupta, R.; Mozumdar, S.; Chaudhury, N.K. Effect of ethanol variation on the internal environment of sol-gel bulk and thin films with aging. Biosens Bioelectron, 2005, 21(4), 549-556.
134. Gupta, R.; Mozumdar, S.; Chaudhury, N.K. Fluorescence spectroscopic studies to characterize the internal environment of tetraethyl-orthosilicate derived sol-gel bulk and thin films with aging. Biosens Bioelectron, 2005, 20(7), 1358-1365.
135. Bhaskar M. M.; Anand, S.; Nivedita, K. G.; Chaudhury, N. K. Fluorescence spectroscopic study of dip coated sol-gel thin film internal environment using fluorescent probes Hoechst33258 and Pyranine. J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., 2007, 41, 147-155.
136. Sarma, A. K.; Vatsyayan, P.; Goswami, P.; Minteer S. D. Recent advances in material science for developing enzyme electrodes. Biosens Bioelectron, 2009, 24, 2313-2322.
137. Gorton, L. Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry Volume XLIV: Biosensors and Modern Biospecific Analytical Techniques. Elsevier Science, 2005, 285-327
138. Lim, J.; Malati, P.; Bonet, F.; Dunn, B. Nanostructured Sol-Gel Electrodes for Biofuel Cells. J. Electrochem. Soc., 2007, 154, A140-A145.
139. Wang, G.; Xu, J.J.; Chen, H.Y.; Lu, Z.H. Amperometric hydrogen peroxide biosensor with sol-gel/chitosan network-like film as immobilization matrix. Biosens Bioelectron, 2003, 18, 335-343.
140. Przybyt, M.; Bialkowska, B.; Template-directed lattices of nanostructures; preparation and physical properties. In: Frontiers of Multifunctional Nanosystems. II. Math. Phys. Chem., 2002, 57, 91-108.
141. Zou, Y.; Xiang, C.; Sun, Li-Xian.; Xu, F. Glucose biosensor based on electrodeposition of platinum nanoparticles onto carbon nanotubes and immobilizing enzyme with chitosan-SiO2 sol-gel. Biosens Bioelectron, 2008, 23, 1010-1016
142. Wang, S.G.; Zhang, Q.; Wang, R.; Yoon, S.F. A novel multiwalled carbon nanotubebased biosensor for glucose detection. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2003, 311, 572-576.
143. Khan, R.; Kaushik, A.; Solanki, P.R.; Ansari, A.A.; Pandey, M.K.; Malhotra, B.D. Zinc oxide nanoparticles-chitosan composite film for cholesterol biosensor. Anal. Chim. Acta, 2008, 616, 207-213.
144. Vidal, J.C.; Espuelas, J.; Ruiz, E.G.; Castillo, J.R. Amperometric cholesterol biosensors based on the electropolymerization of pyrrole and the electrocatalytic effect of Prussian-Blue layers helped with self-assembled monolayers. Talanta, 2004, 64, 655-664.
145. Singh, S.; Solanki, P.R.; Pandey, M.K.; Malhotra, B.D. Cholesterol biosensor based on cholesterol esterase, cholesterol oxidase and peroxidase immobilized onto conducting polyaniline films. Sens. Actuators B, 2006, 115, 534-541.
146. Li, J.; Peng, T.; Peng, Y. A cholesterol biosensor based on entrapment of cholesterol oxidase in a silicic sol-gel matrix at a Prussian blue modified electrode. Electroanalysis, 2003, 15, 1031-1037.
147. Kumar, A.; Pandey, R.R.; Brantley, B. Tetraethylorthosilicate film modified with protein to fabricate cholesterol biosensor. Talanta, 2006, 69, 700-705.
148. Solanki, P.R.; Arya, S.K.; Nishimura, Y.; Iwamoto, M.; Malhotra, B.D. Cholesterol biosensor based on amino-undecanethiol selfassembled monolayer using surface plasmon resonance technique, Langmuir, 2007, 23, 7398-7403.
149. Ram, M.K.; Bertoncello, P.; Ding, H.; Paddeu, S.; Nicolini, C. Cholesterol biosensors prepared by layer-by-layer technique. Biosens Bioelectron, 2001, 16, 849-856.
150. Malhotra, B.D.; Chaubey, A.; Singh, S.P. Prospects of conducting polymers in biosensors. Anal. Chim. Acta, 2006, 578, 59-74.
151. Singh, S.; Singhal, R.; Malhotra, B.D. Immobilization of cholesterol esterase and cholesterol oxidase onto sol-gel films for application to cholesterol biosensor. Anal. Chim. Acta, 2007, 582, 335-343.
152. Arya, S.K.; Solanki, P.R.; Singh, R.P.; Pandey, M.K.; Datta, M.; Malhotra, B.D. Application of octadecanethiol self-assembled monolayer to cholesterol biosensor based on surface plasmon resonance technique. Talanta, 2006, 69, 918-926
153. Solanki, P. R.; Kaushik, A.; Ansari, A. A.; Tiwari, A.; Malhotra, B.D. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes/sol-gel-derived silica/chitosan nanobiocomposite for total cholesterol sensor. Sens. Actuators B, 2009, 137, 727-735.
154. Miao, Y.; Tan, S.N. Amperometric hydrogen peroxide biosensor based on immobilization of peroxidase in chitosan matrix crosslinked with glutaraldehyde. Analyst, 2000, 125, 1591-1594.
155. Xu, C.; Cai, H.; He, P.; Fang, Y. Electrochemical detection of sequence-specific DNA using a DNA probe labeled with aminoferrocene and chitosan modified electrode immobilized with ss DNA, Analyst, 2001, 126, 62-65.
156. Tan, X.; Li, M.; Luo, P.L.; Zou, X. An amperometric cholesterol biosensor based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes and organically modified sol-gel/chitosan hybrid composite film. Anal. Biochem., 2005, 337, 111-120.
157. Ortuno, J.A.; Serna, C.; Molina, A.; Gil, A. Differential pulse voltammetry and additive differential pulse voltammetry with solvent polymeric membrane ion sensors. Anal. Chem., 2006, 78, 8129-8813
158. Kim, Y.; Park, C.; Clark, D. Stable sol-gel microstructured and microfluidic networks for protein patterning. Biotechnol. Bioeng., 2001, 73, 331-337.
159. Karlsson, R. SPR formolecular interaction analysis: a review of emerging application areas. J. Mol. Recogn., 2004, 17, 151-161.
160. Sun, Y.; Bai, Y.; Song, D.Q.; Li, X.; Wang, L.; Zhang, H.Q. Design and performances of immunoassay based on SPR biosensor with magnetic microbeads. Biosens Bioelectron, 2007, 23, 473-478.
161. Choi, H.N.; Lyu, Y.K.; Han, J.H.; Lee, W.Y. Amperometric ethanol biosensor based on carbon nanotubes dispersed in sol-gelderived titania-nafion composite film. Electroanalysis, 2007, 19, 1524-1530.
162. Zheng, M.P.; Jin, M.Y.; Wang, H.H.; Zu, P.F.; Tao, P.; He, J.B. Effects of PVP on structure of TiO2 prepared by the sol-gel process. Mater. Sci. Eng. B, 2001, 87, 197-201.
163. Sun, Y.; Bi, N.; Song, D.; Bai, Y.; Wang, L.; Zhang, H. Preparation of titania sol-gel matrix for the immunoassay by SPR biosensor with magnetic beads. Sens. Actuators B, 2008, 134, 566-572.
164. Zhang, T.; Tian, B.; Kong, J.; Yang, P.; Liu, B. A sensitive mediator-free tyrosinase biosensor based on an inorganic-organic hybrid titania sol-gel matrix. Anal. Chim. Acta, 2003, 489, 199-206.
165. Pickup, J. C.; Hussain, F.; Evans, N.D.; Rolinski, O.J.; Birch, D.J.S. Fluorescence-based glucose sensors. Biosens Bioelectron, 2005, 20, 2555-2565.
166. Iijima, S. Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon. Nature, 1991, 354, 56-58.
167. Gooding, J.J.; Wibowo, R.; Liu, J.; Yang, W.; Losic, D.; Orbons, S.; Mearns, F.J.; Shapter, J.G.; Hibbert, D.B. Protein electrochemistry using aligned carbon nanotube arrays. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2003, 125, 9006-9007.
168. Wang, J.; Hocevar, S.B.; Ogorevc, B. Carbon nanotube-modified glassy carbon electrode for adsorptive stripping voltammetric detection of ultratrace levels of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. Electrochem. Commun., 2004, 6, 176-179.
169. Gopalan, A.I.; Lee, K.P.; Ragupathy, D.; Lee, S.H.; Lee, J.W. An electrochemical glucose biosensor exploiting a polyaniline grafted multiwalled carbon nanotube/perfluorosulfonate ionomer-silica nanocomposite. Biomaterials, 2009, 30, 5999-6005.
170. Zeng, J.; Gao, X.; Wei, W.; Zhai, X.; Yin, J.; Wu, L.; Liu, X.; Liu, K.; Gong, S. Fabrication of carbon nanotubes/poly(1,2diaminobenzene) nanoporous composite via multipulse chronoamperometric electropolymerization process and its electrocatalytic property toward oxidation of NADH. Sens. Actuators B, 2007, 120, 595-602.
171. Zou, Y.; Sun, L.; Xu, F. Prussian blue electrodeposited on MWNTs-PANI hybrid composites for H2O2 detection. Talanta, 2007, 72, 437-442.
172. Luque, G.L.; Ferreyra, N.F.; Rivas, G.A. Electrochemical sensor for amino acids and albumin based on composites containing carbon nanotubes and copper microparticles. Talanta, 2007, 71, 1282-1287.
173. Balasubramanian, K.; Burghard, M. Electrochemically functionalized carbon nanotubes for device applications. J. Mater. Chem., 2008, 18, 3071-3083.
174. Manesh, K.M.; Santhosh, P.; Komathi, S.; Kim, N.H.; Park, J.W.; Gopalan, A.I.; Lee, K.P. Electrochemical detection of celecoxib at a polyaniline grafted multiwall carbon nanotubes modified electrode. Anal. Chim. Acta, 2008, 626, 1-9.
175. Manesh, K.M.; Kim, H.T.; Santhosh, P.; Gopalan, A.I.; Lee, K.P. A novel glucose biosensor based on immobilization of glucose oxidase into multiwall carbon nanotubes-polyelectrolyte-loaded electrospun nanofibrous membrane. Biosens Bioelectron, 2008, 23, 771-779.
176. Jena, B.K.; Raj, C.R. Electrochemical biosensor based on integrated assembly of dehydrogenase enzymes and gold nanoparticles. Anal. Chem., 2006, 78, 6332-6339.
177. Chen, H.; Dong, S. Direct electrochemistry and electrocatalysis of horseradish peroxidase immobilized in sol-gel-derived ceramiccarbon nanotube nanocomposite film. Biosens Bioelectron, 2007, 22, 1811-1815.
178. 2. Electrochem. Commun., 2005, 7, 256-260.
179. Walcarius, A.; Mandler, D.; Cox, J.A.; Collinson, M.M.; Lev, O. Exciting new directions in the intersection of functionalized sol-gel materials with electrochemistry. J. Mater. Chem., 2005, 15, 3663-3689.
180. Lev, O.; Wu, Z.; Bharathi, S.; Glezer, V.; Modestov, A.; Gun, J.; Rabinovich, L.; Sampath, S. Sol-gel materials in electrochemistry. Chem. Mater., 1997, 9, 2354-2375.
181. Gong, K.; Zhang, M.; Yan, Y.; Su, L.; Mao, L.; Xiong, S.; Chen, Y. Sol-gel-derived ceramic-carbon nanotube nanocomposite electrodes: tunable electrode dimension and potential electrochemical applications. Anal. Chem., 2004, 76, 6500-6505.
182. Ragupathy, D.; Gopalan, A.I.; Lee, K.P.; Manesh, K.M. Electroassisted fabrication of layer-by-layer assembled poly(2,5-dimethoxyaniline)/phosphotungstic acid modified electrode and electrocatalytic oxidation of ascorbic acid. Electrochem. Commun., 2008, 10, 527-530.
183. Qian, L.; Gao, Q.; Song, Y.; Li, Z.; Yang, X. Layer-by-layer assembled multilayer films of redox polymers for electrocatalytic oxidation of ascorbic acid. Sens. Actuators B, 2005, 107, 303-310.
184. 2O protonated polyaniline-synthesis, characterization and catalytic conversion of isopropanol. Synth. Met., 1997, 84, 135-136.
185. Nassef, H.M.; Civit, L.; Fragoso, A.; O'Sullivan, C.K. Amperometric sensing of ascorbic acid using a disposable screen-printed electrode modified with electrografted o-aminophenol film. Analyst, 2008, 133, 1736-1741.
186. Ragupathy, D.; Gopalan, A.I.; Lee, K.P. Electrocatalytic oxidation and determination of ascorbic acid in the presence of dopamine at multiwalled carbon nanotube-silica network-gold nanoparticles based nanohybrid modified electrode. Sens. Actuators B, 2010, 143, 696-703.