Sol-gel processes

Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science

Volumn 2, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 132-138

  Livage, Jacques ^a  

^a SORBONNE UNIVERSITÉ   (France)

Author keywords

Et ethyl, C2H5; GOD glucose oxidase; Me methyl, CH3; NLO nonlinear optic; TEOS tetra ethyl orthosilicate, Si(OC2H5)4; TMOS tetra methyl orthosilicate, Si(OCH3)4

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000655482     PISSN: 13590286     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/s1359-0286(97)80057-5     Document Type: Article

References (64)

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2. Klein LC. Sol-gel Technology. 1988;Noyes Publishers, Park Ridge, New Jersey.
3. Brinker CJ, Scherer GW. Sol-Gel Science. 1990;Academic Press, San Diego.
4. c superconductors, with 352 references. This paper provides a good example of the main problems encountered with multicomponent ceramics and how to overcome these drawbacks. This point is not developed within this review paper.
5. Komarneni S. Some significant advances in sol-gel processing of dense structural ceramics. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol. 6:1996;127-138.
6. Mackenzie JD. Present and future directions in sol-gel science and technology. Ceramic Trans. 55:1995;25-31 The author is one of the leading scientists in sol-gel processes. In this paper he gives his own opinion of the main advances in this field.
7. Schmidt H. Orgánically modified silicates by the sol-gel process. Better ceramics through chemistry. Mater Res Soc Symp Proc. 32:1984;327-335.
8. Coltrain BK, Sanchez C, Schaefer DW, Wilkes GL. Better ceramics through chemistry VII: inorganic/organic hybrid materials. Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings: 1996 Apr 8-12; San Francisco .Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Materials Research Society. 1996;435 This symposium is held every two years at the MRS spring meeting. This is the last one, which was mainly devoted to hybrid materials. 125 papers have been gathered in this proceeding, providing an up to date review of 'who is doing what'.
9. Klein L, Sanchez C. Organic/inorganic hybrid materials by the sol-gel process. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol. 5:1995;75-157 This and reference [10] contain 15 papers dedicated to hybrid sol-gel materials. The most significant ones will be referred to separately.
10. Klein L, Sanchez C. Organic/inorganic hybrid materials. Sol-Gel Sci Technol (Special Issue). 7:1996;151-224 Please see the comment attached to reference [9].
11. Sanchez C, Ribot F. Design of hybrid inorganic - organic materials synthesized via sol-gel chemistry. New J Chem. 18:1994;1007-1047.
12. 17O NMR can be used to study the formation of M-O-Si bonds in hybrid materials. Several papers have been published on this subject since then. The NMR characterization of sol-gel processes is rapidly developing.
13. 17O NMR investigations on Si-O-Ti bonds in solutions of diphenylsilanediol and titanium-tetraisopropoxide. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol. 6:1996;139-149.
14. Wen J, Wilkins GL. Organic/inorganic hybrid network materials by the sol-gel approach. Chem Mater. 8:1996;1667-1681 The synthesis, structure and properties of hybrid materials during the past ten years are described.
15. Schubert H, Hüsing N, Lorenz A. Hybrid inorganic/organic materials by sol-gel processing of organofunctional metal alkoxides. Chem Mater. 7:1995;2010-2027.
16. Corriu RJP, Leclercq D. Recent developments of molecular chemistry for sol-gel processes. Angew Chem Int Ed. 35:1996;1420-1436 This paper gives a very good description of the organic chemistry of silicon and its use for sol-gel processes. The authors introduce the nonhydrolytic gelation route.
17. Mackenzie JD, Huang Q, Iwamoto T. Mechanical properties of ormosils. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol. 7:1996;151-161.
18. Wei Y, Yeh JM, Jin D, Jia X, Wang J. Composites of electronically conductive polyaniline with polyacrylate-silica hybrid sol-gel materials. Chem Mater. 7:1995;969-974.
19. Wen J, Vasudevan VJ, Wilkes GL. Abrasion resistant inorganic/organic coating materials prepared by the sol-gel method. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol. 5:1995;115-126.
20. Burkett SL, Sims SD, Mann S. Synthesis of hybrid inorganic - organic mesoporous silica by co-condensation of siloxane and organosilane precursors. Chem Commun. 1996;1367-1368 First example of covalently linked, ordered hybrid inorganic - organic networks.
21. Dabadie T, Ayral A, Guizard C, Cot L, Lurin C, Nie W, Rioult D. Synthesis of inorganic gels in a lyotropic liquid crystal medium. I. Synthesis of silica gels in lamellar phases obtained from nonionic surfactants. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol. 4:1995;107-116.
22. Dabadie T, Ayral A, Cot L, Lacan P. Synthesis of inorganic gels in a lyotropic liquid crystal medium. II. Synthesis of silica gels in lyotropic crystal phases obtained from cationic surfactants. J Mater Chem. 6:1996;1789-1790 This and [21] show how lyotropic media can be used for the synthesis of nanostructured gels.
23. Hasegawa I. Building block approach to organic/silica hybrid materials. J Sol-Gel Technol. 5:1996;93-100.
24. Lichtenhan JD, Noel CJ, Bolf AG, Ruth PN. Thermosplatic hybrid materials: polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) reagents, linear polymers, and blends. Mater Res Soc Symp Proc. 435:1996;3-11 The building block approach opens new possibilities for hybrid materials.
25. Lichtenhan JD. Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes: building blocks for silesquioxane-based polymers and hybrid materials. Comments Inorg Chem. 17:1995;115-130 This very good paper describes the synthesis and applications of hybrid materials using silsesquioxanes aqs building blocks. Four polymeric architectures are described incorporating POSS segments into linear systems. They are referred to as pendant, bead, triblock and star architectures.
26. Sharp KG, Michalczyk MJ. Star gels. New hybrid network materials from polyfunctional single component precursors. Mater Res Soc Symp Proc. 435:1996;105-111 Beautiful work giving exciting new materials based on novel precursors.
27. In M, Géradin C, Lambard J, Sanchez C. Transition metal based hybrid inorganic - organic copolymers. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol. 5:1995;101-114 This is one of the first papers describing the synthesis of hybrid materials based on transition metal oxides. Hybrid zirconium alkoxide precursors are used containing ZrOR groups and polymerizable groups.
28. Yoshinaga I, Katayama S. Synthesis of inorganic - organic hybrids by incorporation of inorganic components into organic polymers using metal alkoxides. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol. 6:1996;151-154.
29. Judeinstein P, Sanchez C. Hybrid organic - inorganic materials: a land of multidisciplinarity. J Mater Chem. 6:1996;511-525.
30. Ribot F, Banse F, Diter F, Sanchez C. Hybrid organic - inorganic supramolecular assemblies made from butyltin oxo-hydroxo nanobuilding blocks and dicarboxylates. New J Chem. 19:1995;1145-1153 This paper discusses how Sn clusters can be used as building blocks for the synthesis of hybrid materials.
31. Boilot JP, Chaput F, Gacoin T, Malier L, Canva M, Brun A, Lévy Y, Galaup JP. organic - inorganic solids by sol-gel and optical applications. CR Acad Sci Paris. 322:1996;27-43.
32. Reisfel R. Stable visible lasers based on sol-gel technology. Ceramic Trans. 55:1995;317-329.
33. Canva M, Georges P, Perelgritz JF, Brum A, Chaput F, Boilot JP. Perylene- and pyrromethene doped xerogel for a pulsed laser. Appl Optics. 34:1995;428-431.
34. Biteau J, Chaput F, Boilot JP. Photochromism of spirooxazine-doped gels. J Phys Chem. 100:1996;9024-9031.
35. Schaudel B, Guermeur C, Sanchez C. Spirooxazine and spiropyran doped hybrid organic - inorganic matrices with very fast photochromic response. J Mater Chem. 7:1997;61-65 This paper shows how the hydrophilic - hydrophobic interactions between organic dyes and sol-gel matrices can be tailored to optimize the optical properties of the dye. Very fast photochromic responses, of the order of a second, are thus obtained.
36. Viana B, Koslova N, Aschehoug P, Sanchez C. Optical properties of neodynium and dysprosium doped hybrid siloxane-oxide coatings. J Mater Chem. 5:1995;719-724 Interesting example of some possibilities of hybrid matrices in the field of rare earth luminescence.
37. Sanchez C, Lebeau B. Hybrid organic - inorganic materials with second order optical nonlinearities synthesized via sol-gel chemistry. Pure Appl Optics. 5:1996;689-699.
38. Lebeau B, Sanchez C, Brasselet S, Zyss J. Effect of processing parameters on second order nonlinearities of azo dye grafted hybrid sol-gel coatings. Mater Res Soc Symp Proc. 435:1996;395-401.
39. Riehl D, Chaput F, Lévy Y, Boilot JP, Kajzar F, Chollet PA. Second-order optical nonlinearities of azo chromophores covalently attached to a sol-gel matrix. Chem Phys Lett. 245:1996;36-40.
40. Lebeau B, Sanchez C, Brasselet S, Zyss J, Froc G, Dumont M. Large second-order optical nonlinearities in azo dyes grafted hybrid sol-gel coatings. New J Chem. 20:1996;13-18 Papers [37-39,40] all present an interesting evolution of NLO dyes in sol-gel matrices. They show how sol-gel processing can be optimized in order to improve the quadratic response in sol-gel matrices.
41. Kumar ND, Ruland G, Yoshida M, Lal M, Bhawalkar J, He GS, Prasas PN. Nanostructured materials for photonics. Mater Res Soc Symp Proc. 345:1996;535-545.
42. Dunbar RA, Jordan JD, Bright FV. Development of chemical sensing platforms based on sol-gel derived thin films: origin of film age vs performance trade-offs. Anal Chem. 68:1996;604-610.
43. MacCraith BD, McDonagh C, O'Keefe G, Butler T, O'Kelly B, McGilp JF. Fibre optic chemical sensors based on evanescent wave interactions in sol-gel derived porous coating. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol. 2:1994;661-665.
44. Narang U, Gvishi R, Bright FV, Prasas PN. Sol-gel derived micron scale optical fibres for chemical sensing. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol. 6:1996;113-119.
45. Braun S, Rappoport S, Zusman R, Avnir D, Ottolenghi M. Biochemically active sol-gel glasses: the trapping of enzymes. Mater Lett. 10:1990;1-5.
46. Livage J. Bioactivity in sol-gel glasses. CR Acad Sci Paris. 322:1996;417-427 This is the last review paper on the biological applications on sol-gel processes. Two other reviews which were published in 1994 are referred to in this paper.
47. Braun S, Avnir D. Special issue on biochemical aspect of sol-gel processing. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol. 7:1996;5-143 This is a very good issue with 18 original papers which present the best up to date information.
48. Blyth DJ, Aylott JW, Richardson DJ, Russell DA. Sol-gel encapsulation of metalloproteins for the development of optical biosensors for nitrogen monoxide and carbon monoxide. Analyst. 120:1995;2725-2730.
49. Chung KE, Lan EH, Davidson MS, Dunn BS, Valentine JS, Zink JI. Measurements of dissolved oxygen in water using glass encapsulated myoglobin. Anal Chem. 67:1995;1505-1509.
50. Chen Z, Samuelson LA, Akkara J, Kaplan DL. Sol-gel encapsulated light-transducing protein phycoerythrin: a new biomaterial. Chem Mater. 7:1995;1779-1783 New devices based on bioencapsulation in sol-gel matrices can be used for photonics applications.
51. Weetall HH. Retentin of bacteriorhodopsin activity in dried sol-gel glass. Biosensors Bioelectronics. 11:1996;327-333 Another fascinating development of bioencapsulation for photonic devices.
52. Urban G, Jobst G, Kohl F, Jachimowicz A, Olcaytug F, Tilado O, Goiser P, Nauer P, Pittner F, Schalkhammer T, Mann-Buxbaum E. Miniaturised thin-film biosensors using covalently immobilised glucose oxidase. Biosensors Bioelectronics. 6:1991;555-562.
53. Glezer V, Lev O. Sol-gel vanadium pentoxide glucose biosensor. J Am Chem Soc. 115:1993;2533-2534.
54. Audebert P, Sanchez C. Modified electrodes from hydrophobic alkoxide silica gels - insertion of electroactive compounds as glucose oxidase. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol. 2:1994;809-812.
55. Sampath S, Pankratov I, Gun J, Lev O. Sol-gel derived ceramic-carbon enzyme electrodes: glucose oxidase as a test case. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol. 7:1996;123-128.
56. Collino R, Therasse J, Binder P, Chaput F, Boilot JP. Thin films of functionalized amorphous silica for immunosensors application. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol. 2:1994;823-826.
57. Turniansky A, Avnir D, Bronshtein A, Aharonson N, Altstein M. Sol-gel entrapment of monoclonal anti-atrazine antibodies. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol. 7:1996;135-143 Antibodies entrapped with sol-gel matrices are used as biosensors for the detection of atrazine in soils.
58. 2 thin films prepared by sol-gel method. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol. 7:1996;81-85.
59. Livage J, Roux C, Da Costa JM, Desportes I, Quinson JF. Immunoassays in sol-gel matrices. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol. 7:1996;45-51 This was the first application of sol-gel processes for the realization of blood tests. It opens new possibilities for safer immunoassays.
60. Hong E, Bescher E, Garcia L, Mackenzie JD. Detection of cryptosporidium parvum in antibody-doped gels. Mater Res Soc Symp Proc. 435:1996;449-454 Another application of sol-gel processes for immunoassays.
61. Pope EJA. Gel encapsulated microorganisms: saccharomyces cerevisiae-silica gel biocomposites. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol. 4:1995;225-229.
62. Campostrini R, Carturan G, Caniato R, Piovan A, Filippin R, Innocenti G, Cappelletti EM. Immobilization of plant cells in hybrid sol-gel materials. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol. 7:1996;87-97 This is the first encapsulation of plant cells in sol-gel matrices. It could have useful applications for the production of chemicals from plants.
63. Pope EJA, Braun K, Van Hirtum M, Peterson CM, Tresco P, Andrade JD. Living ceramics. Ceramic Trans. 55:1995;33-39 A very nice work extending sol-gel processes to bio-implants.
64. Michalczyk MJ et al.: Single component inorganic/organic network materials thereof. 1995; US Patent 5 378 790.