Serum biomarker levels for musculoskeletal disease in two- and three-year-old racing Thoroughbred horses: A prospective study of 130 horses

Equine Veterinary Journal

Volumn 42, Issue 7, 2010, Pages 643-651

  Frisbie, D D ^a   Mc Ilwraith, C W ^a   Arthur, R M ^b   Blea, J ^c   Baker, V A ^d   Billinghurst, R C ^c  

^a Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c Equine Medical Center ^*  (Canada)

^d Equine Medical Center   (United States)

Author keywords

Biomarkers; Clinical prospective; Horse; Musculoskeletal injuries

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL MARKER;

AGING; ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASE; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; BLOOD; HORSE; HORSE DISEASE; INJURY; MUSCLE DISEASE; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; SKELETAL MUSCLE; SPORT;

AGING; ANIMALS; BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; HORSE DISEASES; HORSES; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; MUSCULAR DISEASES; PHYSICAL CONDITIONING, ANIMAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; SPORTS;

CONGIOPODIDAE; EQUIDAE;

EID: 77956606238     PISSN: 04251644     EISSN: 20423306     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00123.x     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Akesson K, Ljunghall S, Jonsson B, Sernbo I, Johnell O, Gardsell P, Obrant KJ. Assessment of biochemical markers of bone metabolism in relation to the occurrence of fracture: a retrospective and prospective population-based study of women. J. Bone Miner. Res. 1995, 10:1823-1829.
2. Alwan WH, Carter SD, Bennet D, Edwards GB. Glycosaminoglycans in horses with osteoarthritis. Equine vet. J. 1991, 23:44-47.
3. Bennell KL, Malcolm SA, Brukner PD, Green RM, Hopper JL, Wark JD, Ebeling PR. A 12-month prospective study of the relationship between stress fractures and bone turnover in athletes. Calcif. Tissue Int. 1998, 63:80-85.
4. Billinghurst RC, Brama PA, van Weeren PR, Knowlton MS, McIlwraith CW. Significant exercise-related changes in the serum levels of two biomarkers of collagen metabolism in young horses. Osteoarthr. Cart. 2003, 11:760-769.
5. Billinghurst RC, Buxton EM, Edwards MG, McGraw MS, McIlwraith CW. Use of an antineoepitope antibody for identification of type-II collagen degradation in equine articular cartilage. Am. J. vet. Res. 2001, 62:1031-1039.
6. Billinghurst RC, Dahlberg L, Ionescu M, Reiner A, Bourne R, Rorabeck C, Mitchell P, Hambor J, Biekmann O, Tschesche H, Chen J, Van Wart H, Poole AR. Enhanced cleavage of type II collagen by collagenases in osteoarthritic articular cartilage. J. clin. Invest. 1997, 99:1534-1545.
7. Celeste C, Ionescu M, Robin Poole A, Laverty S. Repeated intraarticular injections of triamcinolone acetonide alter cartilage matrix metabolism measured by biomarkers in synovial fluid. J. orthop. Res. 2005, 23:602-610.
8. Farndale RW, Buttle DJ, Barrett AJ. Improved quantitation and discrimination of sulphated glycosaminoglycans by use of dimethylmethylene blue. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 1986, 883:173-177.
9. Frisbie DD, Al-Sobayil F, Billinghurst RC, McIlwraith CW. Serum biomarkers distinguish exercise from osteoarthritic pathology. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2002, 10(A):S53. Suppl
10. Frisbie DD, Al-Sobayil F, Billinghurst RC, Kawcak CE, McIlwraith CW. Changes in synovial fluid and serum biomarkers with exercise and early osteoarthritis in horses. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2008, 16:1196-1204.
11. Frisbie DD, Ray CS, Ionescu M, Poole AR, Chapman PL, McIlwraith CW. Measurement of synovial fluid and serum concentrations of the 846 epitope of chondroitin sulfate and of carboxy propeptides of type II procollagen for diagnosis of osteochondral fragmentation in horses. Am. J. vet. Res. 1999, 60:306-309.
12. Fuller CJ, Barr AR, Sharif M, Dieppe PA. Cross-sectional comparison of synovial fluid biochemical markers in equine osteoarthritis and the correlation of these markers with articular cartilage damage. Osteoarthr. Cart. 2001, 9:49-55.
13. Garnero P, Hausherr E, Chapuy M-C, Marcelli C, Grandjean H, Muller C, Cormier C, Breart G, Meunier PJ, Delmas PD. Markers of bone resorption predict hip fracture in elderly women: The EPIDOS prosepective study. J. Bone Miner. Res. 1996, 11:1531-1538.
14. Garnero P, Jouvenne P, Buchs N, Delmas PD, Miossec P. Uncoupling of bone metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis patients with or without joint destruction: Assessment with serum type I collagen breakdown products. Bone 1999, 24:381-385.
15. Hsu JC. The factor analytic approach to simultaneous inference in the general linear model. J. Comp. Graph. Stat. 1992, 1:151-168.
16. Innes JF, Sharif M, Barr AR. Relations between biochemical markers of osteoarthritis and other disease parameters in a population of dogs with naturally acquired osteoarthritis of the genual joint. Am. J. vet. Res. 1998, 59:1530-1536.
17. Jackson BF, Goodship AE, Eastell R, Price JS. Evaluation of serum concentrations of biochemical markers of bone metabolism and insulin-like growth factor I associated with treadmill exercise in young horses. Am. J. vet. Res. 2003, 64:1549-1556.
18. Jackson BF, Dyson PK, Lonnell C, Verheyen KL, Pfeiffer DU, Price JS. Bone biomarkers and risk of fracture in two- and three-year-old Thoroughbreds. Equine vet. J. 2009, 41:410-413.
19. Jackson BF, Lonnell C, Verheyen KL, Dyson P, Pfeiffer DU, Price JS. Biochemical markers of bone metabolism and risk of dorsal metacarpal disease in 2-year-old Thoroughbreds. Equine vet. J. 2005, 37:87-91.
20. Lepage OM, Carstanjen B, Uebelhart D. Non-invasive assessment of equine bone: an update. Vet. J. 2001, 161:10-22.
21. Lepage OM, Marcoux M, Tremblay A. Serum osteocalcin or bone Gla-protein, a biochemical marker for bone metabolism in horses: differences in serum levels with age. Can. J. vet. Res. 1990, 54:223-226.
22. Lepage OM, Eicher R, Uebelhart B, Tschudi P. Influence of type and breed of horse on serum osteocalcin concentration, and evaluation of the applicablility of a bovine radioimmunoassay and a human immunoradiometric assay. Am. J. vet. Res. 1997, 58:574-578.
23. Lohmander LS, Felson DT. Defining the role of molecular markers to monitor disease, intervention, and cartilage breakdown in osteoarthritis. J. Rheumatol. 1997, 24:782-785.
24. Mazzuca SA, Poole AR, Brandt KD, Katz BP, Lane KA, Lobanok T. Associations between joint space narrowing and molecular markers of collagen and proteoglycan turnover in patients with knee osteoarthritis. J. Rheumatol. 2006, 33:1147-1151.
25. McIlwraith CW. Use of synovial fluid and serum biomarkers in equine bone and joint disease: a review. Equine vet. J. 2005, 37:473-482.
26. Murguia MJ, Vailas A, Mandelbaum B, Norton J, Hodgdon J, Goforth H, Riedy M. Elevated plasma hydroxyproline. A possible risk factor associated with connective tissue injuries during overuse. Am. J. Sports Med. 1988, 16:660-664.
27. Myburgh KH, Hutchins J, Fataar AB, Hough SF, Noakes TD. Low bone density is an etiologic factor for stress fractures in athletes. Ann. Intern. Med. 1990, 113:754-759.
28. Nelson F, Dahlberg L, Laverty S, Reiner A, Pidoux I, Ionescu M, Fraser GL, Brooks E, Tanzer M, Rosenberg LC, Dieppe P, Poole A. Evidence for altered synthesis of type II collagen in patients with osteoarthritis. J. clin. Invest. 1998, 102:2115-2125.
29. Nixon AJ. Equine Fracture Repair 1996, 1-384. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp
30. Poole AR. Immunochemical markers of joint inflammation, skeletal damage and repair: where are we now? Ann. Rheum. Dis. 1994, 53:3-5.
31. Poole A. Skeletal and inflammation markers: Implications for 'early' diagnosis, monitoring skeletal changes and effects of therapy. Osteoarthritis Public Health Implications for an Aging Population 1997, 187-214. Hamerman D. Ed, University Press, Baltimore, pp
32. Poole AR. NIH White Paper: Biomarkers, the Osteoarthritis Initiative. A Basis for Discussion. 2000, http://www.niams.nih.gov/ne/oi/oabiomarwhipap.htm
33. Poole AR, Ionescu M, Swan A, Dieppe P. Changes in cartilage metabolism in arthritis are reflected by altered serum and synovial fluid levels of the cartilage proteoglycan aggrecan: implications for pathogenesis. J. clin. Invest. 1994, 94:25-33.
34. Poole AR, Kojima T, Yasuda T, Mwale F, Kobayashi M, Laverty S. Composition and structure of articular cartilage: a template for tissue repair. Clin. orthop. Relat. Res. 2001, 391:S26-S33.
35. Price JS. Biochemical markers of bone metabolism in horses: potentials and limitations? Vet. J. 1998, 156:163-165.
36. Price JS, Jackson B, Eastell R, Goodship AE, Blumsohn A, Wright I, Stoneham S, Lanyon LE, Russel RGG. Age related changes in biochemical markers of bone metabolism in horses. Equine vet. J. 1995a, 27:201-207.
37. Price JS, Jackson B, Eastell R, Wilson AM, Russell RG, Lanyon LE, Goodship AE. The response of the skeleton to physical training: a biochemical study in horses. Bone 1995b, 17:221-227.
38. Ray CS, Poole AR, McIlwraith CW. Use of synovial fluid and serum markers in articular disease. Joint Disease in the Horse 1996, 203-217. McIlwraith CW, Trotter GW, 1st, edn., Eds, W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp
39. Rizkalla G, Reiner A, Bogoch E, Poole AR. Studies of the articular cartilage proteoglycan aggrecan in health and osteoarthritis. Evidence for molecular heterogeneity and extensive molecular changes in disease. J. clin. Invest. 1992, 90:2268-2277.
40. Robion FC, Doize B, Boure L, Marcoux M, Ionescu M, Reiner A, Poole AR, Laverty S. Use of synovial fluid markers of cartilage synthesis and turnover to study effects of repeated intra-articular administration of methylprednisolone acetate on articular cartilage in vivo. J. orthop. Res. 2001, 19:250-258.
41. Trotter GW, McIlwraith CW. Clinical features and diagnosis of equine joint disease. Joint Disease in the Horse 1996, 120-145. McIlwraith CW, Trotter GW. Eds, W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp
42. Verstappen S, Poole A, Ionescu M, King L, Abrahamowicz M, Hofman D, Bijlsma J, Lafeber F. Radiographic joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis is associated with differences in cartilage turnover and can be predicted by serum biomarkers: an evaluation from 1-4 years after diagnosis. Arthr. Res. Ther. 2006, 8:R31.
43. Williams RB, Harkins LS, Hammond CJ, Wood JL. Racehorse injuries, clinical problems and fatalities recorded on British racecourses from flat racing and National Hunt racing during 1996, 1997 and 1998. Equine vet. J. 2001, 33:478-486.