메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 103, Issue 9, 2010, Pages 922-930

Amiodarone and thyroid dysfunction

Author keywords

amiodarone; hypothyroidism; iodine; thyrotoxicosis

Indexed keywords

AMIODARONE; LEVOTHYROXINE; POTASSIUM PERCHLORATE; RADIOACTIVE IODINE; ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENT; ANTITHYROID AGENT; GLUCOCORTICOID; PERCHLORATE; THIAMAZOLE; THYROID HORMONE; THYROXINE;

EID: 77956394612     PISSN: 00384348     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/SMJ.0b013e3181e90500     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (39)

References (88)
  • 2
    • 0027998462 scopus 로고
    • Randomised trial of low-dose amiodarone in severe congestive heart failure
    • Grupo de Estudio de la Sobrevida en la Insuficiencia Cardiaca en Argentina (GESICA)
    • Doval HC, Nul DR, Grancelli HO, et al. Randomised trial of low-dose amiodarone in severe congestive heart failure. Grupo de Estudio de la Sobrevida en la Insuficiencia Cardiaca en Argentina (GESICA). Lancet 1994;344:493-498.
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.344 , pp. 493-498
    • Doval, H.C.1    Nul, D.R.2    Grancelli, H.O.3
  • 3
    • 0025308307 scopus 로고
    • Amiodarone reduces the effect of T3 on beta adrenergic receptor density in rat heart
    • Hartong R, Wiersinga WM, Plomp TA. Amiodarone reduces the effect of T3 on beta adrenergic receptor density in rat heart. Horm Metab Res 1990;22:85-89.
    • (1990) Horm Metab Res , vol.22 , pp. 85-89
    • Hartong, R.1    Wiersinga, W.M.2    Plomp, T.A.3
  • 5
    • 33845592188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amiodarone-induced thyroid dysfunction in clinical practice. [Review]
    • Ursella S, Testa A, Mazzone M, et al. Amiodarone-induced thyroid dysfunction in clinical practice. [Review]. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2006;10:269-278.
    • (2006) Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci , vol.10 , pp. 269-278
    • Ursella, S.1    Testa, A.2    Mazzone, M.3
  • 6
    • 0022920922 scopus 로고
    • Amiodarone and thyroid hormone metabolism
    • Wiersinga WM, Trip MD. Amiodarone and thyroid hormone metabolism. Postgrad Med J 1986;62:909-914.
    • (1986) Postgrad Med J , vol.62 , pp. 909-914
    • Wiersinga, W.M.1    Trip, M.D.2
  • 7
    • 0020557380 scopus 로고
    • Amiodarone pharmacokinetics
    • Holt DW, Tucker GT, Jackson PR, et al. Amiodarone pharmacokinetics. Am Heart J 1983;106(4 Pt 2):840-847.
    • (1983) Am Heart J , vol.106 , Issue.4 PART 2 , pp. 840-847
    • Holt, D.W.1    Tucker, G.T.2    Jackson, P.R.3
  • 8
    • 0024826221 scopus 로고
    • Cytotoxic effects of amioda-rone and desethylamiodarone on human thyrocytes
    • Beddows SA, Page SR, Taylor AH, et al. Cytotoxic effects of amioda-rone and desethylamiodarone on human thyrocytes. Biochem Pharmacol 1989;38:4397-4403.
    • (1989) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.38 , pp. 4397-4403
    • Beddows, S.A.1    Page, S.R.2    Taylor, A.H.3
  • 9
    • 0020684307 scopus 로고
    • Amiodarone therapy during pregnancy
    • McKenna WJ, Harris L, Rowland E, et al. Amiodarone therapy during pregnancy. Am J Cardiol 1983;51:1231-1233.
    • (1983) Am J Cardiol , vol.51 , pp. 1231-1233
    • McKenna, W.J.1    Harris, L.2    Rowland, E.3
  • 10
    • 21244452633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amiodarone and the thyroid
    • Basaria S, Cooper DS. Amiodarone and the thyroid. Am J Med 2005; 118:706-714.
    • (2005) Am J Med , vol.118 , pp. 706-714
    • Basaria, S.1    Cooper, D.S.2
  • 12
    • 0024431407 scopus 로고
    • Thyroid toxicity during amioda-rone therapy
    • DeRoza G, Testa A, Valenza V, et al. Thyroid toxicity during amioda-rone therapy. Eur J Int Med 1989;1:29-35.
    • (1989) Eur J Int Med , vol.1 , pp. 29-35
    • Deroza, G.1    Testa, A.2    Valenza, V.3
  • 13
    • 33845577836 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of the rat thyroid in short-term iodine deficiency
    • Halmi NS. Regulation of the rat thyroid in short-term iodine deficiency. Endocrinology 1954;54:216-224.
    • (1954) Endocrinology , vol.54 , pp. 216-224
    • Halmi, N.S.1
  • 14
    • 0030758041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amiodarone induces a different pattern of ultrastructural change in the thyroid to iodine excess alone in both the BB/W rat and the Wistar rat
    • Pitsiavas V, Smerdely P, Li M, et al. Amiodarone induces a different pattern of ultrastructural change in the thyroid to iodine excess alone in both the BB/W rat and the Wistar rat. Eur J Endocrinol 1997;137: 89-98.
    • (1997) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.137 , pp. 89-98
    • Pitsiavas, V.1    Smerdely, P.2    Li, M.3
  • 15
    • 0021123286 scopus 로고
    • Amiodarone inhibits the conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine in isolated rat hepatocytes
    • Aanderud S, Sundsfjord J, Aarbakke J. Amiodarone inhibits the conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine in isolated rat hepatocytes. Endocrinology 1984;115:1605-1608.
    • (1984) Endocrinology , vol.115 , pp. 1605-1608
    • Aanderud, S.1    Sundsfjord, J.2    Aarbakke, J.3
  • 16
    • 0028344105 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the in vitro cytotoxic effect of amiodarone
    • Chiovato L, Martino E, Tonacchera M, et al. Studies on the in vitro cytotoxic effect of amiodarone. Endocrinology 1994;134:2277-2282.
    • (1994) Endocrinology , vol.134 , pp. 2277-2282
    • Chiovato, L.1    Martino, E.2    Tonacchera, M.3
  • 17
    • 0015040993 scopus 로고
    • Enhanced susceptibility to iodide myxedema in patients with Hashimoto's disease
    • Braverman LE, Ingbar SH, Vagenakis AG, et al. Enhanced susceptibility to iodide myxedema in patients with Hashimoto's disease. J Clin En-docrinol Metab 1971;32:515-521.
    • (1971) J Clin En-docrinol Metab , vol.32 , pp. 515-521
    • Braverman, L.E.1    Ingbar, S.H.2    Vagenakis, A.G.3
  • 18
    • 0022542978 scopus 로고
    • Amiodarone therapy and autoimmune thyroid disease. Increase in a new monoclonal antibody-defined T cell subset
    • Rabinowe SL, Larsen PR, Antman EM, et al. Amiodarone therapy and autoimmune thyroid disease. Increase in a new monoclonal antibody-defined T cell subset. Am J Med 1986;81:53-57.
    • (1986) Am J Med , vol.81 , pp. 53-57
    • Rabinowe, S.L.1    Larsen, P.R.2    Antman, E.M.3
  • 19
    • 0031952859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iodine-induced hyperthy-roidism: Occurrence and epidemiology
    • Stanbury JB, Ermans AE, Bourdoux P, et al. Iodine-induced hyperthy-roidism: occurrence and epidemiology. Thyroid 1998;8:83-100.
    • (1998) Thyroid , vol.8 , pp. 83-100
    • Stanbury, J.B.1    Ermans, A.E.2    Bourdoux, P.3
  • 20
    • 0022921782 scopus 로고
    • Effects of amiodarone and des-ethylamiodarone on pituitary deiodinase activity and thyrotropin secretion in the rat
    • Safran M, Fang SL, Bambini G, et al. Effects of amiodarone and des-ethylamiodarone on pituitary deiodinase activity and thyrotropin secretion in the rat. Am J Med Sci 1986;292:136-141.
    • (1986) Am J Med Sci , vol.292 , pp. 136-141
    • Safran, M.1    Fang, S.L.2    Bambini, G.3
  • 21
    • 8044257702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute effects of amiodarone administration on thyroid function in patients with cardiac arrhythmia
    • Lervasi G, Clerico A, Bonini R, et al. Acute effects of amiodarone administration on thyroid function in patients with cardiac arrhythmia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997;82:275-280.
    • (1997) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.82 , pp. 275-280
    • Lervasi, G.1    Clerico, A.2    Bonini, R.3
  • 22
    • 0026030332 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of beta-adrenoceptors by thyroid hormone and amiodarone in rat myocardiac cells in culture
    • Disatnik MH, Shainberg A. Regulation of beta-adrenoceptors by thyroid hormone and amiodarone in rat myocardiac cells in culture. Biochem Pharmacol 1991;41:1039-1044.
    • (1991) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.41 , pp. 1039-1044
    • Disatnik, M.H.1    Shainberg, A.2
  • 23
    • 0023008721 scopus 로고
    • Amiodarone, thyroid hormone indexes, and altered thyroid function: Long-term serial effects in patients with cardiac arrhythmias
    • Nademanee K, Singh BN, Callahan B, et al. Amiodarone, thyroid hormone indexes, and altered thyroid function: long-term serial effects in patients with cardiac arrhythmias. Am J Cardiol 1986;58:981-986.
    • (1986) Am J Cardiol , vol.58 , pp. 981-986
    • Nademanee, K.1    Singh, B.N.2    Callahan, B.3
  • 24
    • 0019753098 scopus 로고
    • Hyperthyroxinemia with bradycardia and normal thyrotropin secretion after chronic amiodarone administration
    • Melmed S, Nademanee K, Reed AW, et al. Hyperthyroxinemia with bradycardia and normal thyrotropin secretion after chronic amiodarone administration. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1981;53:997-1001.
    • (1981) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.53 , pp. 997-1001
    • Melmed, S.1    Nademanee, K.2    Reed, A.W.3
  • 25
    • 0029047556 scopus 로고
    • Desethylamiodarone is a competitive inhibitor of the binding of thyroid hormone to the thyroid hormone alpha 1-receptor protein
    • Van Beeren HC, Bakker O, Wiersinga WM. Desethylamiodarone is a competitive inhibitor of the binding of thyroid hormone to the thyroid hormone alpha 1-receptor protein. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1995;112: 15-19.
    • (1995) Mol Cell Endocrinol , vol.112 , pp. 15-19
    • Van Beeren, H.C.1    Bakker, O.2    Wiersinga, W.M.3
  • 26
    • 0017079456 scopus 로고
    • Effect of amiodarone on serum triiodothyronine, reverse triiodothyronine, thyroxin, and thyrotropin. A drug influencing peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones
    • Burger A, Dinichert D, Nicod P, et al. Effect of amiodarone on serum triiodothyronine, reverse triiodothyronine, thyroxin, and thyrotropin. A drug influencing peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones. J Clin Invest 1976;58:255-259.
    • (1976) J Clin Invest , vol.58 , pp. 255-259
    • Burger, A.1    Dinichert, D.2    Nicod, P.3
  • 27
    • 0020507470 scopus 로고
    • The effects of amiodarone on serum thyroid hormones and hepatic thyroxine 5'-monodeiodination in rats
    • Sogol PB, Hershman JM, Reed AW, et al. The effects of amiodarone on serum thyroid hormones and hepatic thyroxine 5'-monodeiodination in rats. Endocrinology 1983;113:1464-1469.
    • (1983) Endocrinology , vol.113 , pp. 1464-1469
    • Sogol, P.B.1    Hershman, J.M.2    Reed, A.W.3
  • 28
    • 0021354702 scopus 로고
    • Clinical and chemical assessment of thyroid function during therapy with amiodarone
    • Amico JA, Richardson V, Alpert B, et al. Clinical and chemical assessment of thyroid function during therapy with amiodarone. Arch Intern Med 1984;144:487-490.
    • (1984) Arch Intern Med , vol.144 , pp. 487-490
    • Amico, J.A.1    Richardson, V.2    Alpert, B.3
  • 30
    • 0020398112 scopus 로고
    • Are selective increases in serum thyroxine (T4) due to iodinated inhibitors of T4 monodeiodina-tion indicative of hyperthyroidism?
    • Lambert MJ, Burger AG, Galeazzi RL, et al. Are selective increases in serum thyroxine (T4) due to iodinated inhibitors of T4 monodeiodina-tion indicative of hyperthyroidism? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1982;55: 1058-1065.
    • (1982) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.55 , pp. 1058-1065
    • Lambert, M.J.1    Burger, A.G.2    Galeazzi, R.L.3
  • 31
    • 0027292803 scopus 로고
    • Amiodarone and the thyroid: Pharmacological, toxic and therapeutic effects
    • Unger J, Lambert M, Jonckheer MH, et al. Amiodarone and the thyroid: pharmacological, toxic and therapeutic effects. J Intern Med 1993;233: 435-443.
    • (1993) J Intern Med , vol.233 , pp. 435-443
    • Unger, J.1    Lambert, M.2    Jonckheer, M.H.3
  • 32
    • 0033305353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Escape from the acute Wolff-Chaikoff effect is associated with a decrease in thyroid sodium/iodide symporter messenger ribonucleic acid and protein
    • Eng PH, Cardona GR, Fang SL, et al. Escape from the acute Wolff-Chaikoff effect is associated with a decrease in thyroid sodium/iodide symporter messenger ribonucleic acid and protein. Endocrinology 1999; 140:3404-3410.
    • (1999) Endocrinology , vol.140 , pp. 3404-3410
    • Eng, P.H.1    Cardona, G.R.2    Fang, S.L.3
  • 33
    • 0018102325 scopus 로고
    • 'Low T3 syndrome' in patients chronically treated with an iodine-containing drug, amiodarone
    • Jonckheer MH, Blockx P, Broeckaert I, et al. 'Low T3 syndrome' in patients chronically treated with an iodine-containing drug, amiodarone. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1978;9:27-35.
    • (1978) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) , vol.9 , pp. 27-35
    • Jonckheer, M.H.1    Blockx, P.2    Broeckaert, I.3
  • 34
    • 0006353759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of Amiodarone on the thyroid [Review]
    • Martino E, Bartalena L, Bogazzi F, et al. The effects of Amiodarone on the thyroid [Review]. Endocr Rev 2001;22:240-254.
    • (2001) Endocr Rev , vol.22 , pp. 240-254
    • Martino, E.1    Bartalena, L.2    Bogazzi, F.3
  • 35
    • 0031017068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of Amiodarone on thyroid function [Review]
    • Harjai KJ, Licata AA. Effects of Amiodarone on thyroid function [Review]. Ann Intern Med 1997;126:63-73.
    • (1997) Ann Intern Med , vol.126 , pp. 63-73
    • Harjai, K.J.1    Licata, A.A.2
  • 36
    • 0023916211 scopus 로고
    • Amiodarone-induced hyperthyroidism: Assessment of the predictive value of biochemical testing and response to combined therapy with propyluracil and perchlorate
    • Newnham HH, Topliss DJ, Legrand BA, et al. Amiodarone-induced hyperthyroidism: assessment of the predictive value of biochemical testing and response to combined therapy with propyluracil and perchlorate. Aust NZ J Med 1988;18:37-44.
    • (1988) Aust NZ J Med , vol.18 , pp. 37-44
    • Newnham, H.H.1    Topliss, D.J.2    Legrand, B.A.3
  • 37
    • 84941818023 scopus 로고
    • Amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism. A common complication of prolonged therapy: A report of eight cases
    • Hawthorne GC, Campbell NP, Geddes JS, et al. Amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism. A common complication of prolonged therapy: a report of eight cases. Arch Intern Med 1985;145:1016-1019
    • (1985) Arch Intern Med , vol.145 , pp. 1016-1019
    • Hawthorne, G.C.1    Campbell, N.P.2    Geddes, J.S.3
  • 38
    • 0023284099 scopus 로고
    • Amiodarone iodine-induced hypothyroidism: Risk factors and follow-up in 28 cases
    • Martino E, Aghini-Lombardi F, Mariotti S, et al. Amiodarone iodine-induced hypothyroidism: risk factors and follow-up in 28 cases. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1987;26:227-237.
    • (1987) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) , vol.26 , pp. 227-237
    • Martino, E.1    Aghini-Lombardi, F.2    Mariotti, S.3
  • 39
    • 0021195843 scopus 로고
    • Environmental iodine intake and thyroid dysfunction during chronic amiodarone therapy
    • Martino E, Safran M, Aghini-Lombardi F, et al. Environmental iodine intake and thyroid dysfunction during chronic amiodarone therapy. Ann Intern Med 1984;101:28-34.
    • (1984) Ann Intern Med , vol.101 , pp. 28-34
    • Martino, E.1    Safran, M.2    Aghini-Lombardi, F.3
  • 40
    • 0026322411 scopus 로고
    • Incidence, predictability, and pathogenesis of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism
    • Trip MD, Wiersinga W, Plomp TA. Incidence, predictability, and pathogenesis of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism. Am J Med 1991;91:507-511.
    • (1991) Am J Med , vol.91 , pp. 507-511
    • Trip, M.D.1    Wiersinga, W.2    Plomp, T.A.3
  • 41
    • 0023277198 scopus 로고
    • Amiodarone: A common source of iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis
    • Martino E, Aghini-Lombardi F, Mariotti S, et al. Amiodarone: a common source of iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis. Horm Res 1987;26:158-171.
    • (1987) Horm Res , vol.26 , pp. 158-171
    • Martino, E.1    Aghini-Lombardi, F.2    Mariotti, S.3
  • 42
    • 0021678789 scopus 로고
    • Chronic administration of amiodarone and thyroid function: A follow-up study
    • Sanmartí A, Permanyer-Miralda G, Castellanos JM, et al. Chronic administration of amiodarone and thyroid function: a follow-up study. Am Heart J 1984;108:1262-1268.
    • (1984) Am Heart J , vol.108 , pp. 1262-1268
    • Sanmartí, A.1    Permanyer-Miralda, G.2    Castellanos, J.M.3
  • 43
    • 0027945266 scopus 로고
    • Enhanced susceptibility to amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism in patients with thyroid autoimmune disease
    • Martino E, Aghini-Lombardi F, Bartalena L, et al. Enhanced susceptibility to amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism in patients with thyroid autoimmune disease. Arch Intern Med 1994;154:2722-2726.
    • (1994) Arch Intern Med , vol.154 , pp. 2722-2726
    • Martino, E.1    Aghini-Lombardi, F.2    Bartalena, L.3
  • 44
    • 0026533459 scopus 로고
    • Autoimmune thyroiditis: Predisposition and pathogenesis
    • Weetman AP. Autoimmune thyroiditis: predisposition and pathogenesis. Clin Endocrinol 1992;36:307-323.
    • (1992) Clin Endocrinol , vol.36 , pp. 307-323
    • Weetman, A.P.1
  • 45
    • 0022607026 scopus 로고
    • Antithyroid antibodies as an early marker for thyroid disease induced by amiodarone
    • Monteiro E, Galvão-teles A, Santos ML, et al. Antithyroid antibodies as an early marker for thyroid disease induced by amiodarone. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1986;292:227-228.
    • (1986) Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) , vol.292 , pp. 227-228
    • Monteiro, E.1    Galvão-Teles, A.2    Santos, M.L.3
  • 46
    • 0023802808 scopus 로고
    • Effect of amiodarone on circulating antithyroid antibodies
    • Safran M, Martino E, Aghini-Lombardi F, et al. Effect of amiodarone on circulating antithyroid antibodies. BMJ 1988;297:456-457.
    • (1988) BMJ , vol.297 , pp. 456-457
    • Safran, M.1    Martino, E.2    Aghini-Lombardi, F.3
  • 47
    • 0023070493 scopus 로고
    • Thyroid dysfunction during chronic amiodarone therapy
    • Albert SG, Alves LE, Rose EP. Thyroid dysfunction during chronic amiodarone therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol 1987;9:175-184.
    • (1987) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.9 , pp. 175-184
    • Albert, S.G.1    Alves, L.E.2    Rose, E.P.3
  • 48
    • 0036808080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amiodarone-induced thyroid dysfunction associated with cumulative dose
    • Bouvy ML, Heerdink ER, Hoes AW, et al. Amiodarone-induced thyroid dysfunction associated with cumulative dose. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2002;11:601-606.
    • (2002) Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf , vol.11 , pp. 601-606
    • Bouvy, M.L.1    Heerdink, E.R.2    Hoes, A.W.3
  • 49
    • 0001724341 scopus 로고
    • The temporary nature of the inhibitory action of excess iodide on organic iodine synthesis in the normal thyroid
    • Wolff J, Chaikoff IL, Goldberg RC, et al. The temporary nature of the inhibitory action of excess iodide on organic iodine synthesis in the normal thyroid. Endocrinology 1949;45:504-513.
    • (1949) Endocrinology , vol.45 , pp. 504-513
    • Wolff, J.1    Chaikoff, I.L.2    Goldberg, R.C.3
  • 50
    • 0022461546 scopus 로고
    • Uninhibited thyroidal uptake of radioiodine despite iodine excess in amiodarone-induced hypothy-roidism
    • Wiersinga WM, Touber JL, Trip MD, et al. Uninhibited thyroidal uptake of radioiodine despite iodine excess in amiodarone-induced hypothy-roidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1986; 63:485-491.
    • (1986) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.63 , pp. 485-491
    • Wiersinga, W.M.1    Touber, J.L.2    Trip, M.D.3
  • 51
    • 0023682771 scopus 로고
    • Radioactive iodine thyroid uptake in patients with amiodarone-iodine- induced thyroid dysfunction
    • Martino E, Bartalena L, Mariotti S, et al. Radioactive iodine thyroid uptake in patients with amiodarone-iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1988;119:167-173.
    • (1988) Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) , vol.119 , pp. 167-173
    • Martino, E.1    Bartalena, L.2    Mariotti, S.3
  • 52
    • 0030814044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards an animal model of amiodarone-induced thyroid dysfunction
    • Wiersinga WM. Towards an animal model of amiodarone-induced thyroid dysfunction. Eur J Endocrinol 1997;137:15-17.
    • (1997) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.137 , pp. 15-17
    • Wiersinga, W.M.1
  • 53
    • 0025168849 scopus 로고
    • Amiodarone-induced elevation of thyroid stimulating hormone in patients receiving levothyroxine for primary hypothy-roidism
    • Figge J, Dluhy RG. Amiodarone-induced elevation of thyroid stimulating hormone in patients receiving levothyroxine for primary hypothy-roidism. Ann Intern Med 1990;113:553-555.
    • (1990) Ann Intern Med , vol.113 , pp. 553-555
    • Figge, J.1    Dluhy, R.G.2
  • 54
    • 0029815604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consensus statement for good practice and audit measures in measurement of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism
    • The Research Unit of the Royal College of Physicians of London, the Endocrinology and Diabetes Committee of the Royal College of physicians of London, and the Society for Endocrinology
    • Vanderpump MP, Ahlquist JA, Franklyn JA, et al. Consensus statement for good practice and audit measures in measurement of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. The Research Unit of the Royal College of Physicians of London, the Endocrinology and Diabetes Committee of the Royal College of physicians of London, and the Society for Endocrinology. BMJ 1996;313:539-544.
    • (1996) BMJ , vol.313 , pp. 539-544
    • Vanderpump, M.P.1    Ahlquist, J.A.2    Franklyn, J.A.3
  • 55
    • 0031941858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amiodarone and the thyroid: A practical guide to the management of thyroid dysfunction induced by amiodarone therapy
    • Newmann CM, Price A, Davis DW, et al. Amiodarone and the thyroid: a practical guide to the management of thyroid dysfunction induced by amiodarone therapy. Heart 1998;79:121-127.
    • (1998) Heart , vol.79 , pp. 121-127
    • Newmann, C.M.1    Price, A.2    Davis, D.W.3
  • 56
    • 0032969047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in adult patients with beta-thalassemia major submitted to amiodarone treatment
    • Mariotti S, Loviselli A, Murenu S, et al. High prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in adult patients with beta-thalassemia major submitted to amiodarone treatment. J Endocrinol Invest 1999;22:55-63.
    • (1999) J Endocrinol Invest , vol.22 , pp. 55-63
    • Mariotti, S.1    Loviselli, A.2    Murenu, S.3
  • 57
    • 0029859059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amiodarone induced hyperthyroidism: A case series and brief review of literature
    • Harjai KJ, Licata AA. Amiodarone induced hyperthyroidism: a case series and brief review of literature. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1996; 19:1548-1554.
    • (1996) Pacing Clin Electrophysiol , vol.19 , pp. 1548-1554
    • Harjai, K.J.1    Licata, A.A.2
  • 58
    • 0022624523 scopus 로고
    • Is humoral thyroid autoimmunity relevant in amiodarone iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIIT)?
    • Martino E, Macchia E, Aghini-Lombardi F, et al. Is humoral thyroid autoimmunity relevant in amiodarone iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIIT)? Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1986;24:627-633.
    • (1986) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) , vol.24 , pp. 627-633
    • Martino, E.1    MacChia, E.2    Aghini-Lombardi, F.3
  • 59
    • 0022249321 scopus 로고
    • Twenty-four hour radioactive iodine uptake in 35 patients with amiodarone associated thyro-toxicosis
    • Martino E, Aghini-Lombardi F, Lippi F, et al. Twenty-four hour radioactive iodine uptake in 35 patients with amiodarone associated thyro-toxicosis. J Nucl Med 1985;26:1402-1407.
    • (1985) J Nucl Med , vol.26 , pp. 1402-1407
    • Martino, E.1    Aghini-Lombardi, F.2    Lippi, F.3
  • 60
    • 0028047246 scopus 로고
    • Serum interleukin-6 in amio-darone-induced thyrotoxicosis
    • Bartalena L, Grasso L, Brogioni S, et al. Serum interleukin-6 in amio-darone-induced thyrotoxicosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994;78:423-427.
    • (1994) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.78 , pp. 423-427
    • Bartalena, L.1    Grasso, L.2    Brogioni, S.3
  • 61
    • 0030848606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Color flow Doppler sonography rapidly differentiates type i and type II amiodarone-induced thy-rotoxicosis
    • Bogazzi F, Bartalena L, Brogioni S, et al. Color flow Doppler sonography rapidly differentiates type I and type II amiodarone-induced thy-rotoxicosis. Thyroid 1997;7:541-545.
    • (1997) Thyroid , vol.7 , pp. 541-545
    • Bogazzi, F.1    Bartalena, L.2    Brogioni, S.3
  • 62
    • 0034464961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iodide excess induces apo-ptosis in thyroid cells through a P53 independent mechanism involving oxidative stress
    • Vitale M, Di Matola T, D'Ascoli F, et al. Iodide excess induces apo-ptosis in thyroid cells through a P53 independent mechanism involving oxidative stress. Endocrinology 2000;141:598-605.
    • (2000) Endocrinology , vol.141 , pp. 598-605
    • Vitale, M.1    Di Matola, T.2    D'Ascoli, F.3
  • 63
    • 0023135601 scopus 로고
    • Pathology of the thyroid in amiodarone-associated thyrotoxicosis
    • Smyrk TC, Goellner JR, Brennan MD, et al. Pathology of the thyroid in amiodarone-associated thyrotoxicosis. Am J Surg Pathol 1987; 11:197-204.
    • (1987) Am J Surg Pathol , vol.11 , pp. 197-204
    • Smyrk, T.C.1    Goellner, J.R.2    Brennan, M.D.3
  • 64
    • 0024438680 scopus 로고
    • Amiodarone-induced thyroiditis
    • Leung WH, Pun KK, Lau CP, et al. Amiodarone-induced thyroiditis. Am Heart J 1989;118:848-849.
    • (1989) Am Heart J , vol.118 , pp. 848-849
    • Leung, W.H.1    Pun, K.K.2    Lau, C.P.3
  • 65
    • 0027426352 scopus 로고
    • Amiodarone-induced thyro-toxicosis: Is there a place for surgery?
    • discussion 627
    • Meurisse M, Hamoir E, D'Silva M, et al. Amiodarone-induced thyro-toxicosis: is there a place for surgery? World J Surg 1993;17:622-626; discussion 627.
    • (1993) World J Surg , vol.17 , pp. 622-626
    • Meurisse, M.1    Hamoir, E.2    D'Silva, M.3
  • 66
    • 0027134894 scopus 로고
    • Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis: Clinical presentation and expanded indications for thy-roidectomy
    • Mulligan DC, McHenry CR, Kinney W, et al. Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis: clinical presentation and expanded indications for thy-roidectomy. Surgery 1993;114:1114-1119.
    • (1993) Surgery , vol.114 , pp. 1114-1119
    • Mulligan, D.C.1    McHenry, C.R.2    Kinney, W.3
  • 67
    • 0027523247 scopus 로고
    • Thyrotoxicosis followed by hypo-thyroidism in patients treated with amiodarone. A possible consequence of destructive process in the thyroid
    • Roti E, Minelli R, Gardini E, et al. Thyrotoxicosis followed by hypo-thyroidism in patients treated with amiodarone. A possible consequence of destructive process in the thyroid. Arch Intern Med 1993;153:886-892.
    • (1993) Arch Intern Med , vol.153 , pp. 886-892
    • Roti, E.1    Minelli, R.2    Gardini, E.3
  • 68
    • 0026446335 scopus 로고
    • Iodine-induced subclinical hypothy-roidism in euthyroid subjects with a previous episode of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis
    • Roti E, Minelli R, Gardini E, et al. Iodine-induced subclinical hypothy-roidism in euthyroid subjects with a previous episode of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992;75:1273-1277.
    • (1992) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.75 , pp. 1273-1277
    • Roti, E.1    Minelli, R.2    Gardini, E.3
  • 69
    • 0036153413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical experience of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis over a 3-year period: Role of colour-flow Doppler sonography
    • Eaton SE, Euinton HA, Newman CM, et al. Clinical experience of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis over a 3-year period: role of colour-flow Doppler sonography. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2002;56:33-38.
    • (2002) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) , vol.56 , pp. 33-38
    • Eaton, S.E.1    Euinton, H.A.2    Newman, C.M.3
  • 70
    • 0035228074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis
    • Daniels GH. Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:3-8.
    • (2001) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.86 , pp. 3-8
    • Daniels, G.H.1
  • 71
    • 10744230905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of elevated serum C-reactive protein levels in inflammatory and noninflammatory thyroid disease
    • Pearce EN, Bogazzi F, Martino E, et al. The prevalence of elevated serum C-reactive protein levels in inflammatory and noninflammatory thyroid disease. Thyroid 2003;13:643-648.
    • (2003) Thyroid , vol.13 , pp. 643-648
    • Pearce, E.N.1    Bogazzi, F.2    Martino, E.3
  • 72
    • 0021749864 scopus 로고
    • Iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis: Analysis of eighty-five consecutive cases
    • Leger AF, Massin JP, Laurent MF, et al. Iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis: analysis of eighty-five consecutive cases. Eur J Clin Invest 1984;14: 449-455.
    • (1984) Eur J Clin Invest , vol.14 , pp. 449-455
    • Leger, A.F.1    Massin, J.P.2    Laurent, M.F.3
  • 73
    • 0023516804 scopus 로고
    • Amiodarone-associated thy-rotoxicosis (AAT): Experience with surgical management
    • Brennan MD, van Heerden JA, Carney JA. Amiodarone-associated thy-rotoxicosis (AAT): experience with surgical management. Surgery 1987; 102:1062-1067.
    • (1987) Surgery , vol.102 , pp. 1062-1067
    • Brennan, M.D.1    Van Heerden, J.A.2    Carney, J.A.3
  • 74
    • 0037133702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successful treatment of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis
    • Osman F, Franklyn JA, Sheppard MC, et al. Successful treatment of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis. Circulation 2002;105:1275-1277.
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.105 , pp. 1275-1277
    • Osman, F.1    Franklyn, J.A.2    Sheppard, M.C.3
  • 75
    • 0028018165 scopus 로고
    • Two cases of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis successfully treated with a short course of antithyroid drugs while amiodarone was continued
    • Trip MD, Düren DR, Wiersinga WM. Two cases of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis successfully treated with a short course of antithyroid drugs while amiodarone was continued. Br Heart J 1994;72:266-268.
    • (1994) Br Heart J , vol.72 , pp. 266-268
    • Trip, M.D.1    Düren, D.R.2    Wiersinga, W.M.3
  • 76
    • 0029787591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis, a difficult challenge: Results of a prospective study
    • Bartalena L, Brogioni S, Grasso L, et al. Treatment of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis, a difficult challenge: results of a prospective study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996;81:2930-2933.
    • (1996) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.81 , pp. 2930-2933
    • Bartalena, L.1    Brogioni, S.2    Grasso, L.3
  • 77
    • 1242315581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radioiodine ablation of the thyroid to allow the reintroduction of amiodarone treatment in patients with a prior history of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis
    • Hermida JS, Jarry G, Tcheng E, et al. Radioiodine ablation of the thyroid to allow the reintroduction of amiodarone treatment in patients with a prior history of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis. Am J Med 2004; 116:345-348.
    • (2004) Am J Med , vol.116 , pp. 345-348
    • Hermida, J.S.1    Jarry, G.2    Tcheng, E.3
  • 78
    • 0034985358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The various effects of amio-darone on thyroid function
    • Bogazzi F, Bartalena L, Gasperi M, et al. The various effects of amio-darone on thyroid function. Thyroid 2001;11:511-519.
    • (2001) Thyroid , vol.11 , pp. 511-519
    • Bogazzi, F.1    Bartalena, L.2    Gasperi, M.3
  • 79
    • 0036005987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iopanoic acid rapidly controls type i amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis prior to thyroidec-tomy
    • Bogazzi F, Aghini-Lombardi F, Cosci C, et al. Iopanoic acid rapidly controls type I amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis prior to thyroidec-tomy. J Endocrinol Invest 2002;25:176-180.
    • (2002) J Endocrinol Invest , vol.25 , pp. 176-180
    • Bogazzi, F.1    Aghini-Lombardi, F.2    Cosci, C.3
  • 80
    • 0036915109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preparation with iopanoic acid rapidly controls thyrotoxicosis in patients with amiodarone-induced thy-rotoxicosis before thyroidectomy
    • Bogazzi F, Miccoli P, Berti P, et al. Preparation with iopanoic acid rapidly controls thyrotoxicosis in patients with amiodarone-induced thy-rotoxicosis before thyroidectomy. Surgery 2002;132:1114-1117
    • (2002) Surgery , vol.132 , pp. 1114-1117
    • Bogazzi, F.1    Miccoli, P.2    Berti, P.3
  • 81
    • 0031949548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surgical management of amiodarone-associated thyrotoxicosis: Too risky or too effective?
    • Hamoir E, Meurisse M, Defechereux T, et al. Surgical management of amiodarone-associated thyrotoxicosis: too risky or too effective? World J Surg 1998;22:537-542.
    • (1998) World J Surg , vol.22 , pp. 537-542
    • Hamoir, E.1    Meurisse, M.2    Defechereux, T.3
  • 82
    • 0030760754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional anesthesia for thyroidectomy in two patients with amiodarone-induced hyperthyroid-ism
    • Klein SM, Greengrass RA, Knudsen N, et al. Regional anesthesia for thyroidectomy in two patients with amiodarone-induced hyperthyroid-ism. Anesth Analg 1997;85:222-224.
    • (1997) Anesth Analg , vol.85 , pp. 222-224
    • Klein, S.M.1    Greengrass, R.A.2    Knudsen, N.3
  • 83
    • 0025949785 scopus 로고
    • Amiodarone-induced hyper-thyroidism: Thyroidectomy under local anesthesia
    • Mehra A, Widenhorn J, Lopresti J, et al. Amiodarone-induced hyper-thyroidism: thyroidectomy under local anesthesia. Am Heart J 1991;122: 1160-1161.
    • (1991) Am Heart J , vol.122 , pp. 1160-1161
    • Mehra, A.1    Widenhorn, J.2    Lopresti, J.3
  • 84
    • 0025972969 scopus 로고
    • The effects of plasmapheresis on thyroid hormone and plasma drug concentrations in amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis
    • Uzzan B, Pussard E, Leon A, et al. The effects of plasmapheresis on thyroid hormone and plasma drug concentrations in amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1991;31:371-372.
    • (1991) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.31 , pp. 371-372
    • Uzzan, B.1    Pussard, E.2    Leon, A.3
  • 85
    • 0027761960 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of amio-darone iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis with plasmapheresis and methim-azole
    • Aghini-Lombardi F, Mariotti S, Fosella PV, et al. Treatment of amio-darone iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis with plasmapheresis and methim-azole. J Endocrinol Invest 1993;16:823-826.
    • (1993) J Endocrinol Invest , vol.16 , pp. 823-826
    • Aghini-Lombardi, F.1    Mariotti, S.2    Fosella, P.V.3
  • 86
    • 0029791077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Failure of plasmapheresis, corticosteroids and thionamides to ameliorate a case of protracted amiodarone-induced thy-roiditis
    • Samaras K, Marel GM. Failure of plasmapheresis, corticosteroids and thionamides to ameliorate a case of protracted amiodarone-induced thy-roiditis. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1996;45:365-368.
    • (1996) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) , vol.45 , pp. 365-368
    • Samaras, K.1    Marel, G.M.2
  • 87
    • 0030983619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lithium treatment in amiod-arone-induced thyrotoxicosis
    • Dickstein G, Shechner C, Adawi F, et al. Lithium treatment in amiod-arone-induced thyrotoxicosis. Am J Med 1997;102:454-458.
    • (1997) Am J Med , vol.102 , pp. 454-458
    • Dickstein, G.1    Shechner, C.2    Adawi, F.3
  • 88
    • 0027430770 scopus 로고
    • The sick euthyroid syndrome: Changes in thyroid hormone serum parameters and hormone metabolism
    • Docter R, Krenning EP, de Jong M, et al. The sick euthyroid syndrome: changes in thyroid hormone serum parameters and hormone metabolism. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1993;39:499-518.
    • (1993) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) , vol.39 , pp. 499-518
    • Docter, R.1    Krenning, E.P.2    De Jong, M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.